Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
  • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
  • E04C2/041—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres composed of a number of smaller elements, e.g. bricks, also combined with a slab of hardenable material
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
  • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
  • E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
  • E04G21/142—Means in or on the elements for connecting same to handling apparatus
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
  • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
  • E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
  • E04G21/142—Means in or on the elements for connecting same to handling apparatus
  • E04G21/147—Means in or on the elements for connecting same to handling apparatus specific for prefabricated masonry wall elements
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2002/001—Mechanical features of panels
  • E04C2002/002—Panels with integrated lifting means, e.g. with hoisting lugs
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2002/005—Appearance of panels
  • E04C2002/007—Panels with the appearance of a brick wall

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a wall-like prefabricated building element made of masonry blocks and a hardening binding material compound arranged between said blocks, where means for hoisting said element are associated thereto.
• the present invention further relates to a method for the production of a prefabricated building element manufactured by laying separate masonry blocks such as blocks of lightweight aggregate concrete .
• prefabricated building elements by means of which a part of the tasks related to building can be transferred from the building site to be carried out under factory-like conditions.
• prefabricated building elements include different kinds of wall, pillar and floor entities which constitute the body of a building.
• prefabricated building elements constitute wall entities cast of concrete, but beside these nowadays also prefabricated building elements made of masonry* blocks such as bricks, blocks of lightweight aggregate concrete and such materials have been introduced, so that the advantages of on-site laid structures and, on the other hand, prefabricated element structures can be combined.
• the present invention is based on the realization that, regardless of the fact that the total weight of a prefabricated building element may be very considerable, a sufficient requirement for hoisting an element is that for each respective layer of masonry blocks the weight of the layer can be distributed on that part of hoisting means which extends at that layer.
• this knowledge can be adapted also for lightweight aggregate concrete blocks and the like masonry blocks which earlier have been considered to be weak, as such.
• a prefabricated building element according to the present invention is characterized in that the means for hoisting the building element includes one or several elongated structural pieces, each of which extending essentially through the element in the vertical direction and which is arranged, respectively, in a channel which is constituted by cavities arranged in superimposed masonry blocks, so that said structural piece is attached at the respective cavity, by means of a grouting compound, to each superimposed masonry block.
• the method according to the present invention is characterized in that vertical cavities, suitably holes, are arranged in at least in some of the vertically superimposed masonry blocks of the prefabricated building element, which cavities pass through all the masonry blocks at the respective location and into which respective cavities a vertical structural piece is arranged to connect the superimposed masonry blocks.
• Said structural piece is fixed, by means of a hardening material compound, to each masonry block and thus the uppermost portion of a structural piece attached to each of said masonry blocks can be utilized for hoisting the building element and for installing it at the final installation site.
• Figure 1 in a perspective view discloses a prefabricated building element in accordance with the present invention, in which element double blocks are used as said masonry blocks, said blocks including, as such, an insulating layer arranged between opposite hard walls,
• Figure 2 in section discloses the lowermost layers of masonry in a wall structure as disclosed in Figure 1, and
• Figure 3 in a side view discloses a larger wall entity where several prefabricated building elements in accordance with the present invention are arranged side-by-side.
• a prefabricated building element 1 is constituted of several superimposed masonry blocks 2 such as blocks of lightweight aggregate concrete blocks, gas concrete blocks, bricks or the like elements which as such are known to be used in masonry.
• Said blocks are separate, as such, and they are arranged in a side-by-side position and interconnected, in a manner known per se, by means of mortar or the like hardening material compound 4.
• the wall structure disclosed in the Figure is a double structure wherein an insulation layer 3 is arranged between the block portions 2 ' , 2" which constitute the wall surfaces.
• such a wall structure is laid of, e.g., such lightweight aggregate concrete blocks which already as such include two hard portions based on lightweight aggregate concrete and an insulation 3 arranged therebetween in connection with the manufacture, but a similar structure can also be achieved on the actual place where the actual building element 1 is manufactured by arranging a layer of insulation 3 between two block wall structures which are separately laid.
• inventive arrangement of course also can be utilized for the fabrication of such elements which have a simpler structure as well, such as, e.g., walls having only one solid masonry block in the transversal direction.
• At least one channel 5 constituted of mutually centered cavities 5 ' arranged in superimposed blocks 2, 2a extends vertically through the prefabricated building element 1.
• an elongated mainly rod-like structural piece 6 is arranged, such as a ribbed bar, a threaded bar or some other piece having a corresponding tensile strength.
• Said rod-like structural piece 6 extends vertically essentially through the whole building element 1, and the structural piece is attached, by means of, e.g., grouting compound 20 or the like binding material compound which is introduced into the channel 5, to each such superimposed block 2, 2a through which the channel 5 and, correspondingly, the rod- like structural piece 6 extend.
• the structural piece 6 will be attached to each of the blocks, i.e. it will pick up the load at all block layers.
• the load constituted by the building element's 1 own weight is uniformly distributed along the whole vertical extent of the structural piece 6, so that there actually will not necessarily be any need for any such binding, lock or other prior art means acting especially at the lowermost part of the building element 1.
• the ribbed bar 6 cannot be detached from the wall structure constituted of a prefabricated building element 1 in any other way than by breaking the individual blocks 2 of the wall structure, and in the same way it has been found that, e.g., an element laid of lightweight agglomerate concrete blocks also withstands, as an entity, even a high tractive force directed to such a structural piece 6 even in a case where no special anchoring of said structural piece in the lowermost layer of masonry blocks has been provided. It has further been found that this also applies in cases where the masonry block itself comprises, e.g., an insulation material layer 3 arranged between two side portions 2', 2" made of a mineral material.
• a prefabricated building element arranged in accordance with the present invention can be hoisted, also as such, by means of said structural piece 6, provided that care is taken so that the dimensioning of said structural piece 6 as such is adapted in accordance with the weight of the building element 1.
• each wall type building element 1 comprises several hoisting points and thus in the case according to Figure 1 an arrangement is disclosed, where the number of hoisting lugs 7, 7a, 7b constituted by structural pieces 6 attached in accordance with the present invention is three .
• Figure 1 discloses, in an exemplifying manner, different hoisting lug solutions, although only one type of lug structure normally is used for the individual element .
• a hoisting lug 7 as disclosed in Figure 1 is constituted so that two parallel structural pieces 6, 6', which suitably consist of one ribbed steel bar bent essentially into the shape of a U, are attached to channels 5 which have been arranged in adjacent wall portions 2', 2".
• a similar structure, at which an intermediate plate 8 has been arranged to prevent any possible breakage of the uppermost block layer, is indicated by means of reference 7a.
• Reference 7b discloses a structure wherein the hoisting lug comprises a separate piece 9 made of, e.g., angle iron, which is attached to the preferably threaded upper portion of the structural pieces 6 by means of, e.g., nuts 10.
• the upper portion can be an extension of a ribbed bar or the like, or, more favorably, a threaded bar which is juxtaposed with the ribbed bar in the same channel 5 a suffiently long way in view of securing load carrying properties by means of, e.g., a grouting mortar 20.
• FIG 2 (from which Figure, for clarity reasons, the mortar layers 4 between the blocks as well as the grouting mortar fillings 20 in the channels 5 have been omitted) a structure as disclosed in Figure 1 has been shown in section and in a larger scale.
• the lowermost block 2b is favorably made as a beam block so that within the block having a generally U-shaped cross section, an insulation 3' has been arranged and further a beam 11 has been cast of, e.g., concrete, said beam suitably having a separate reinforcement 16 and favorably extending along the length of the lower edge of the whole prefabricated building element 1.
• this beam 11 stiffens and supports the lower part of the element said beam 11 at the same time constitutes an element which interconnects the interlacing ends 13 of structural pieces 6, 6' which have been bent in, through an opening 12 separately opened from a cavity 5" and transversely in relation to the main plane of the building element, into the block, which arrangement renders the structure especially strong.
• said cavities 5' made in the masonry blocks 2, 2a, 2b, 2' and 2" for the through channel 5 can be made, e.g., by drilling into the masonry blocks, or they can be made already during the manufacture of the masonry blocks .
• said cavities 5 ' are made to have a slightly ragged surface in which case the attachment of the structural pieces 6 therein is especially effective.
• said cavities 5 ' are slightly conical so that the diameter of their upper end is narrower than the lower end, in which case a disengagement of the structural piece 6 is especially effectively prevented.
• the elements according to the present invention are manufactured so that their height correspond to the height of the floor height of the final building.
• the demands set by the practical handling may set practical restrictions to the length of the elements .
• Figure 3 discloses how, e.g., a coherent wall structure can be achieved by means of subsequent elements 1', 1 and 1". The mutual attachment of subsequent elements can easily be effected by means of a structure according to a further development of the present invention.
• structural pieces 17, favorably ribbed steel bars are arranged in at least some of the horizontal seams 4 ' which extend between the masonry blocks 2, 2a, which seams are filled with mortar or some other hardening binding material compound, said structural pieces 17 extending out beyond the edge of the edge of the prefabricated building element 1 and suitably so that the structural pieces 17 are bent essentially into the direction of the edge.
• zones between the element ' s 1, 1' and, respectively, 1, 1" will be formed. Said zones include dovel bars 17 and in these zones a wall portion which binds together subsequent elements can be made, e.g., on site by means of mortar pouring 18 using, e.g., a mould.
• Figure 3 further discloses that a hoisting beam 19 extending essentially over the length of the prefabricated building element 1 is favorably used for hoisting the element, which hoisting beam is attached to several hoisting lugs 17 for the hoisting and other handling.
• Figure 3 further discloses a hoisting fitting which is developed especially for one integral block wall, where the hoisting lug 7c is arranged so that said structural piece 6 is bent above the building element 1 back into the vertical channel 5 made in the building element and so deep that the necessary strength required for the managing of the hoisting force is achieved, by means of a grouting or the like hardening filling material compound 20 arranged in said channel 5, in the binding to a portion of a structural piece 6" which extends to the bottom of the building element 1.
• Figure 3 further discloses that in some cases the constancy of the elongated structural piece 6 further can be safeguarded so that the lower end 2-1. of the structural piece 6 is bent into a horizontal position also in such wall structures where there is no insulation between two opposite walls

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

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• 2002
  • 2002-06-10 FI FI20021110A patent/FI20021110A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
• 2003
  • 2003-06-10 AU AU2003232274A patent/AU2003232274A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-06-10 WO PCT/FI2003/000457 patent/WO2003104577A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2003-06-10 EP EP03757085A patent/EP1558822A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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