EP1558708B1 - Gas generator - Google Patents

Gas generator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1558708B1
EP1558708B1 EP03753629A EP03753629A EP1558708B1 EP 1558708 B1 EP1558708 B1 EP 1558708B1 EP 03753629 A EP03753629 A EP 03753629A EP 03753629 A EP03753629 A EP 03753629A EP 1558708 B1 EP1558708 B1 EP 1558708B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gasifier
throat
gas generator
grate
control element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03753629A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1558708A1 (en
Inventor
Timo Saares
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1558708A1 publication Critical patent/EP1558708A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1558708B1 publication Critical patent/EP1558708B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/09—Mechanical details of gasifiers not otherwise provided for, e.g. sealing means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas generator comprising a substantially cylindrical gasifier vessel, a grate on which the solid fuel being combusted is fed, a gasifier throat forming in the gasifier vessel a portion with a cross section narrower than that of the other portion of the gasifier and combustion air injection nozzles adapted above the gasifier throat to the gasifier vessel.
  • the throat portion of gasifier vessel has a constant cross-sectional area. As to the generation of clean product gas, however, this is not an optimal situation. This is because the gasifier throat should at the maximum capacity demand conditions preferredly be capable of passing a larger volumetric gas flow than in the minimum capacity operating situation.
  • US-A-5226927 discloses a substantially cylindrical gasifier and the following elements: a grate located at the bottom of the vessel, a gasifier throat with a narrower cross-section than that of the other portion of the gasifier, nozzles located above the throat portion and an element which is concentric with the central axis and which tapers in an upward direction.
  • variable cross-sectional area is implemented by means of a vertically movable control element, particularly a throttle cone.
  • a vertically movable control element particularly a throttle cone.
  • the throttle cone When the throttle cone is in its upper position, the volumetric gas flow through the gasifier throat is reduced to a value corresponding the minimum capacity of gas generator operation.
  • a larger volumetric gas flow is allowed to pass unrestrictedly to the reducing layer of coal thus facilitating the operation of the gas generator at its maximum capacity.
  • the gas generator in accordance with the invention is particularly characterized in that at the gasifier throat, substantially concentric with the center axis of the cylindrical gasifier vessel, is adapted an upward tapering control element of the gasifier throat cross-sectional area, the tapering control element being supported by a shaft adapted to extend through the underlying gasifier grate, and that the control element is adapted movable in vertical direction.
  • a preferred embodiment of the gas generator according to the invention is characterized in that the control element is a throttle cone, the support shaft of which is adapted to pass through the gasifier grate.
  • Another preferred embodiment of the gas generator according to the invention is characterized in that the support shaft of the throttle cone is connected to the gasifier grate and that the support shaft is adapted rotatable with simultaneous rotation of the gasifier grate.
  • a still another preferred embodiment of the gas generator according to the invention is characterized in that the vertical movement of the support shaft of the control element is implemented by hydraulic means.
  • the gasifier of the gas generator according to the invention is made adjustable to cope with the actual gasifier output demand so as to maintain at all times an optimum volumetric gas flow rate and temperature in the gasifier throat, whereby proper conditions are created for the generation of a product gas at maximized quality.
  • reference numeral 1 a gasifier vessel that basically has a straight cylindrical shape with the exception of the gasifier throat 6, wherein the cross-sectional area of the vessel is constricted distinctly smaller than elsewhere in the gasifier vessel.
  • the gasifier throat 6 is situated above the gasifier grate 2.
  • Reference numeral 3 designates a gasifying coal bed and reference numeral 4 designates combustion air injection nozzles that are distributed evenly about the periphery of the gasifier vessel.
  • the gasifier combustion zone 7 operates above the combustion air injection nozzles 4.
  • a controllable throttle cone 5 of the gasifier throat In the middle of the gasifier, at the gasifier throat 6 in a position concentric with the vertical center axis of the gasifier is adapted a controllable throttle cone 5 of the gasifier throat.
  • the shape of the throttle cone is made upward tapering.
  • the throttle cone is supported by a shaft 9 adapted to extend through the underlying gasifier grate 2.
  • a hydraulic actuator mechanism that moves the throttle cone 5 in the vertical direction thus accomplishing the control of the open cross-sectional area in the gasifier throat.
  • the volumetric flow rate of gas passing via the throat In the upper position of the throttle cone, the volumetric flow rate of gas passing via the throat is controlled to a minimum value corresponding to the smallest output of the gas generator.
  • a preset lower position of the throttle cone a larger volumetric flow of gas is permitted unobstructedly to the reducing coal bed thus facilitating maximum output from the gas generator.
  • the gasifier grate 2 can be made rotatable, whereby the rotating movement is advantageously accomplished through the rotation of the cone support shaft 9.
  • Such rotating movement of the shaft can be implemented using any appropriate actuator construction well known to a person skilled in the art.
  • the rotating movement can be imposed directly on the grate, whereby the grate in turn rotates the throttle cone.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)

Abstract

A gas generator comprising a substantially cylindrical gasifier vessel (1), a grate (2) on which solid fuel (8) being combusted is fed, a gasifier throat (6) forming in the gasifier vessel (1) a portion with a cross section narrower than that of the other portion of the gasifier, and gasification air nozzles (4) adapted above the gasifier throat (6) to the gasifier vessel (1). The invention is implemented by way of adapting at the gasifier throat (6), substantially concentric with the center axis of the cylindrical gasifier vessel (1), an upward tapering control element (5) of the gasifier throat cross-sectional area.

Description

  • The invention relates to a gas generator comprising a substantially cylindrical gasifier vessel, a grate on which the solid fuel being combusted is fed, a gasifier throat forming in the gasifier vessel a portion with a cross section narrower than that of the other portion of the gasifier and combustion air injection nozzles adapted above the gasifier throat to the gasifier vessel.
  • In conventional gas generators, the throat portion of gasifier vessel has a constant cross-sectional area. As to the generation of clean product gas, however, this is not an optimal situation. This is because the gasifier throat should at the maximum capacity demand conditions preferredly be capable of passing a larger volumetric gas flow than in the minimum capacity operating situation.
  • One prior-art gas generator embodiment is described in FI Pat. No. 60,884 .
  • Further, US-A-5226927 discloses a substantially cylindrical gasifier and the following elements: a grate located at the bottom of the vessel, a gasifier throat with a narrower cross-section than that of the other portion of the gasifier, nozzles located above the throat portion and an element which is concentric with the central axis and which tapers in an upward direction.
  • It is an object of the invention to provide a gas generator facilitating the cross-sectional area of its gasifier throat to be controllable to an optimal combustion value during the gasifier operation. In the invention the variable cross-sectional area is implemented by means of a vertically movable control element, particularly a throttle cone. When the throttle cone is in its upper position, the volumetric gas flow through the gasifier throat is reduced to a value corresponding the minimum capacity of gas generator operation. Respectively, having the throttle cone driven into its preset lower position, a larger volumetric gas flow is allowed to pass unrestrictedly to the reducing layer of coal thus facilitating the operation of the gas generator at its maximum capacity.
  • The gas generator in accordance with the invention is particularly characterized in that at the gasifier throat, substantially concentric with the center axis of the cylindrical gasifier vessel, is adapted an upward tapering control element of the gasifier throat cross-sectional area, the tapering control element being supported by a shaft adapted to extend through the underlying gasifier grate, and that the control element is adapted movable in vertical direction.
  • A preferred embodiment of the gas generator according to the invention is characterized in that the control element is a throttle cone, the support shaft of which is adapted to pass through the gasifier grate.
  • Another preferred embodiment of the gas generator according to the invention is characterized in that the support shaft of the throttle cone is connected to the gasifier grate and that the support shaft is adapted rotatable with simultaneous rotation of the gasifier grate.
  • A still another preferred embodiment of the gas generator according to the invention is characterized in that the vertical movement of the support shaft of the control element is implemented by hydraulic means.
  • Hence, the gasifier of the gas generator according to the invention is made adjustable to cope with the actual gasifier output demand so as to maintain at all times an optimum volumetric gas flow rate and temperature in the gasifier throat, whereby proper conditions are created for the generation of a product gas at maximized quality.
  • In the following, the invention is examined in more detail with the help of a preferred exemplary embodiment by making reference to the attached drawing showing a vertically sectional view of a gasifier according to the invention suitable for use in a gas generator.
  • Referring to the diagram, therein is shown designated by reference numeral 1 a gasifier vessel that basically has a straight cylindrical shape with the exception of the gasifier throat 6, wherein the cross-sectional area of the vessel is constricted distinctly smaller than elsewhere in the gasifier vessel. The gasifier throat 6 is situated above the gasifier grate 2. In the gasifier is combusted solid fuel 8. Reference numeral 3 designates a gasifying coal bed and reference numeral 4 designates combustion air injection nozzles that are distributed evenly about the periphery of the gasifier vessel. The gasifier combustion zone 7 operates above the combustion air injection nozzles 4.
  • In the middle of the gasifier, at the gasifier throat 6 in a position concentric with the vertical center axis of the gasifier is adapted a controllable throttle cone 5 of the gasifier throat. The shape of the throttle cone is made upward tapering. Advantageously being made of a metallic or ceramic material, the throttle cone is supported by a shaft 9 adapted to extend through the underlying gasifier grate 2. To the support shaft 9 is advantageously connected a hydraulic actuator mechanism that moves the throttle cone 5 in the vertical direction thus accomplishing the control of the open cross-sectional area in the gasifier throat. In the upper position of the throttle cone, the volumetric flow rate of gas passing via the throat is controlled to a minimum value corresponding to the smallest output of the gas generator. Conversely, in a preset lower position of the throttle cone a larger volumetric flow of gas is permitted unobstructedly to the reducing coal bed thus facilitating maximum output from the gas generator.
  • According to a preferred embodiment, the gasifier grate 2 can be made rotatable, whereby the rotating movement is advantageously accomplished through the rotation of the cone support shaft 9. Such rotating movement of the shaft can be implemented using any appropriate actuator construction well known to a person skilled in the art. Alternatively, the rotating movement can be imposed directly on the grate, whereby the grate in turn rotates the throttle cone.
  • To a person skilled in the art it is obvious that the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment described above, but rather, can be varied within the scope of the appended claims. For instance, the actuator mechanisms connected to support shaft 9 are not shown inasmuch as suitable implementations of such arrangements may be considered to be readily available.

Claims (5)

  1. A gas generator comprising
    - a substantially cylindrical gasifier vessel (1),
    - a grate (2) on which solid fuel (8) being combusted is fed,
    - a gasifier throat (6) forming in the gasifier vessel (1) a portion with a cross section narrower than that of the other portion of the gasifier, and
    - gasification air nozzles (4) adapted above the gasifier throat (6) to the gasifier vessel (1), characterized in that
    at the gasifier throat (6), substantially concentric with the center axis of the cylindrical gasifier vessel (1), is adapted an upward tapering control element (5) of the gasifier throat cross-sectional area, the tapering control element being supported by a shaft (9) adapted to extend through the underlying gasifier grate (2), and that the control element is adapted movable in vertical direction.
  2. The gas generator of claim 1, characterized in that the control element (5) is a throttle cone, the support shaft (9) of which is adapted to pass through the gasifier grate.
  3. The gas generator of claim 2, characterized in that the support shaft (9) of the throttle cone (5) is connected to the gasifier grate (2) and that the support shaft is adapted rotatable with simultaneous rotation of the gasifier grate.
  4. The gas generator of any one of claims 1 - 3, characterized in that the vertical movement of the support shaft (9) of the control element (5) is implemented by hydraulic means.
  5. The gas generator of any one of claims 1 - 4, characterized in that the control element (5) is made of a metallic or ceramic material.
EP03753629A 2002-11-01 2003-10-21 Gas generator Expired - Lifetime EP1558708B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20021946A FI113781B (en) 2002-11-01 2002-11-01 gas generator
FI20021946 2002-11-01
PCT/FI2003/000780 WO2004039925A1 (en) 2002-11-01 2003-10-21 Gas generator

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1558708A1 EP1558708A1 (en) 2005-08-03
EP1558708B1 true EP1558708B1 (en) 2008-08-13

Family

ID=8564858

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03753629A Expired - Lifetime EP1558708B1 (en) 2002-11-01 2003-10-21 Gas generator

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1558708B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2006504820A (en)
AT (1) ATE404653T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2003271794A1 (en)
DE (1) DE60322934D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2314231T3 (en)
FI (1) FI113781B (en)
PT (1) PT1558708E (en)
WO (1) WO2004039925A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI122109B (en) * 2006-11-17 2011-08-31 Leo Ruokamo Method for gasification of fuel and gasification generator
JP6344691B2 (en) * 2011-09-05 2018-06-20 キシロワット エス．エー． Gas generator for solid carbon fuel, and unit for generating and burning gas, including gasifier
FI123665B (en) * 2012-02-20 2013-09-13 Raute Oyj A method for optimizing the operation of a gas generator and a gas generator
JP6936914B2 (en) * 2018-02-20 2021-09-22 明和工業株式会社 Solid fuel gasifiers, power generators and gasification methods

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4098586A (en) * 1977-08-01 1978-07-04 General Electric Company Grate for coal gasifier
CH678973A5 (en) * 1988-11-02 1991-11-29 Helmut Juch
US5226927A (en) * 1991-02-13 1993-07-13 Southern California Edison Wood gasifier
DE19916931C2 (en) * 1999-03-31 2001-07-05 Deponie Wirtschaft Umweltschut Air supply pipe for a gasifier for generating fuel gas

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2314231T3 (en) 2009-03-16
EP1558708A1 (en) 2005-08-03
WO2004039925A1 (en) 2004-05-13
JP2006504820A (en) 2006-02-09
ATE404653T1 (en) 2008-08-15
FI113781B (en) 2004-06-15
FI20021946A0 (en) 2002-11-01
DE60322934D1 (en) 2008-09-25
AU2003271794A1 (en) 2004-05-25
PT1558708E (en) 2008-10-02

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