US1899158A - Pressure gas producer - Google Patents

Description

28; K KOLLER 1,899,158

PRESSURE vGAS PRODUCER Original Filed July 8. 1924 BY WML,

A TTORNE YS.

PtentedlFb. 28,` 193.371 n i l 1 1l-UN Y '1,899,15fsfsl I4 KOLLEB;OFBUDrESnHtNGARY f 'i kemissioni GAS. PRODUCER/1 originaiapplication `met Jury; e, 1924,` semaine. 724,876, `and,nirczelnslovkia and Germany July 114,.A 1923. l Y Y Divided y.and this application led1August1'16f1929jISerielle;886,3565 i y `Inpressurc producers vthe mixtureA of steamk and air required for gasifying the fuel' enters the producer shaft throughfadistribe utingbody which projects. over the ash-partij '53 The constructional forms vmadeyhitherto all have thedisadvantage,V that the mixture of steam. and airis not utilized-in theproducer shaft in ksuch `amafnner as necessaryy for vI getting the bestfresultfrom 'theffuel or ,for 10.` roducin-g a-qualit-y of; gas correspondingjto he .fuel; f Htherto such vdistributorsf havef been divided substantially into two'` groups, One of these groups comprises fa short outlet' pipe which isjsubstantiall'y the same sizefas 15V. the` 'supply pipetorjthe steam and). airmir-y 4 ture which passes out through openings pro-'f i bemg` abandoned and an ordinarygrate belngg vided in the outletfpipe. These .outlet openf' ingsy fareV usually,` formed between conical rings which overlap vone another like louvresY 20j ande'whichprovide a total-,outlet kfor the mixture of steamand air of such a ,cross`sectionalt yarea that during Ithe operation .of ,the proef` ducer the difference in pressure between the fluid flowing within the. interior. of .the" dis- '25,., tributor and the pressurefexistin'g in the y surrounding producer shaft." will .beA only y just 't suiiicienttoenable the mixtureoisteam'and airto jflow out effectively. `When the .prof

. ,ducerisout of operationfi. e; when the .p ro-L 30 ducer shafty is emptyrand closed-bythe ordinary watermseal), the` outlet openings in the,

distributor as hitherto constructed Will'form such 'communicating passages; between-fthe interior of the distributor 'and the emptypro- 't 35i ducer shaft that. they will allowjthemixture of steam and. air topass freelyaccording to.

' saryl condition for kthe .proper .operation of.,

alaw by which the owing' lluid shortly after lcavingthe distributor follows a practically verticalupward course. l

In practi lejthe` proportions'hitherto usedv between the total cross-sectional area ot` the outlet'lA openings inf'the LdiFstributor andr the internal crosssectional areafjof the sa'me lead to the following@y disadvantages :'I'lheirfi outflow of the mixture of steam andair'romthe openings in the distributor@ isdetermined;

when the .producer :is in operation, by the rel Y sistanceo'lered inthe producerk shaft by the o 4fuel and thermochemicalphenomena; 'UAS eX?l f f 50;, plained above'theuid will pass almost veI-,

only! the .resistance offered by thev t surround-,f ing air. has tof be overcome. This character-ky y lstics of the .low will not besubstantially.

changed Whenthe .producer is in operation,

theory `butgin a direction determined by the .places offleast resistance inthe-shaft.'` I(The more homogeneous the fuel, with the t shaft illed tothesame height,'the nearerlwill this: direction of flowy approximate practice to the theoretical lowfreferredto above.) The;y

,as-the luidwilllow not in accordance with. i

consequencev of. this that unburnt yfuel Y will f t pass through the producer. This resulted *n the distributor inthe` form',=.of sa short pipe` ated in proximity to the wall of the producer and thus promote. combustion of the the `margin of the lfuel bed. .t 1

fuel at The distributors belonging to the second group abovey referred to consist of chambers 'les placed on ythe supply. pipeand hafvingmav t stepped conical shell'the lowest .parti Vof which l 'reduces the, internal v cross-sectional.'

area of the (producer shaft to ysuch an 'eX-' v tent that considerable` resistance lis ofered tothe .passage of clinkerv and hash, throughfthe producer.k ,Such distributors have outlet; Y openings` which allow ,of the Huid obtaininlghv a. nozzle Velocityfperforated gra-te) and theV path offtheair corresponding@to such a ve4` locity will followa parabola, it is a' neces the producer that for j-each particle Aof `air.`

this path -up :tothefproducer wall-'willbe" of" such a. lengthjthat the air'. will be used' up before reaching the producer wall. 4Ifqthis is not the case,the stillunused air,willlowy upwardlyfalong the producerk lwall, will Causemarginal combustion ofthe fuel-fand* combustion of y.the-L gas already,Y produced Attempts have been` made ftowprement this. Y

margin'at combustion byi considerably ras- Q ing the height of-thefuely bed more partiew L larly at `the. margins by 'means of .special charging appliances; .A rMarginal combustionk however is not to` be entirely avoided by this means, this increase in the height of the fuel acter'of nozzles, these constructions suffer` from the disadvantages alludedltoaboveto 4 a still greater extent. i

The present invention is based on therec-f" ognition of the fact that-on the one hand the freef annular space between the distributor-V andthe producer wallmustvbe as `large as possible for enabling the clinkerand ash to` pass`"through freely into'the ash pan', hence thed-istributor must have the character of a'short'pipe 'as described above,`

while on the other hand the outlet openings must bein the wall of a cylindrical distributor and ratio of the total cross-sectional area of these outlet openings to the internal crosssectional area of the cylindrical distributor must'be such Vthat parallel streams of fluid will result which follow the course of flat parabolas andhave the required'nozzle ve'- locity,'so that the fluid is valready yused up when it arrives at the wall of the producer,

Asireg'ards the desired degree of outlet ve'-A locity this arrangement has vthe further advantage, that the residual velocity of the fluid in the distributor from'the velocity in' the supply pipe is increased by the nozzle action.- l

The invention isillus'trated by` way of example in the accompanying drawing wh-ereini Figure 1 is a cross-sectional elevation through a producer; and

Figure 2 is a vcross-sectional elevation of the distributor on anenlarged scale. v

Similar numerals'refer to similar parts throughout theseveral views.

The'gas producer comprises'a producer gas generating shaft 1 having an annular skirt 2 which dips into the rotating ash-pan A3 which is filled with water and moves the slag and ashes as they pass out `of the pro-A ducer shaft against a lateral scraper along which'the slag and ashes are guided out of the producer. 1 f

The distributor is of cylindrical shapeand consists of separate rings 11 of uniform size arranged one above the other and spaced apart by means of ribs or the like so as to` leave circumferential slots between them.

The distributoris covered bya cap 12. "The fuel and the ashes are supported'by the ashpan 3.V By building up the distributor from a number of rings of uniform size, the height of theA distributor can be varied while maintaining its cylindrical character, 'so that the combustion zonev in the producer shaft can be adjusted to suit the conditions under which the producer is operated. y

The invention also 'comprises tlieprovision of meansfor adjusting the effective total cross-sectional area of the nozzle outlet open ingsinorder to enable the velocity of the mixture of steam and air flowing out from l the distributor to be regulated so as to enable the incandescent or combustion zone of the fuel bedproper to be constrained to occupy a predetermined position to suit the actual conditions under which the producer is operated for the time being. By this means the regulation of the velocity can be adjusted so thatlthe producer shaft is utilized directly as a `low` temperature distillation chamber for the fuel. VThe preferred form 4of regulating Y means consists of akcylindrical valve arranged4 inside the distributor will be described subsequently.V

Another constructional form of the distributor has for its object to render the regn- .be providedv with such nozzle openings as shown at 14. A hollowcylindrical -slide valve 15- is inserted in the chamber formed by the built up rings 11,A the wall of which valve, is

` provided with perforations 16 and gearing 26 for adiustingsthe same. The mixture of steam and air entering the cylindrical valve 15 passesthrough `the perforations 16 and the nozzles 13 `into the solid fuel bed in the )producer body.V By adjusting the cylindrical valve 15 therelative positions of the perfora-V tions lfand of the nozzles 13 may be varied Thus,` the incandescent or combustion zone of the fuel bed.. two extreme positions of which 1'?` and 18 are shown in the drawing. will have the shape of the upper portion of aparaboloid, which is substantially determined by the flow of steam and air mixture emerging from the'lowest nozzles.

The advantage of this mode of regulation is obvious..if it be considered that with the same producer, using the same kind of fuel and with the same quantity of fuel passing through the producer. it is possible to main tain the incandescent or combustion zone in anyv desired position in the producer body between certain limits and `thereby to increase theheight of the fuel bed above this combustion zone 'to such an extent that in this space low *temperature distillation may already take place. .This'provides the great advantagethat in some cases it will be possible entirely to dispense with separate additional retorts for the producer.

rns

' fiattened by adjustingfthe velocit-y of the l mixture of `steam and airflowing into the` "producer shaft, whereby Y thevv incandescentzone is lowered and caused to extend to the,`

interior of the distributor, aiid'comprising a mesme y The incandescent or combustion zone with its means of regulation preventsthe passage of unburiit fuel through Ithe producer; It`

' more particularly in the case of fuel which does not readily ignite, so that unburnt or undistilled coalcan pass through between the edge of the incandenscent or combustion zone and the inside of theproducerwall (see coin-v bustion-zone 117 with the gas vcut-ofi' curve19,

extending from thecoinbustion` zone `to the'` inside wall of the producerk preventing fthe 4admission of air tothe distillation space),

In suchcases theparaboloid of fiow is simply inside wall of the producer and the entire charging or distilling shaft is thus masked Y lacting as slag shearing means in conjunction over itsvwhole cross-sectional area by the incandescent or combustion zone.`

This mode of regulation 'will' obviously entail no alterationin the quantity of` air supplied, as the alteration of the shape vof the'` paraboloid of `fiow depends solely on the regulation ofthe effective cross-sectional'` area of outlet nozzles for the mixture of steam and gas. v c v In order tok effect the discharge of the ashes in an efficient kmanner and thereby ensure the combustion zone being maintainedin the required position, cutters vor the like 24 are provided on the ash-'pan which coact with cutters 25 fitted von the immersed ring'or skirt 2 and extend intoY the interior thereof in such a manner that on the ash pan and outside the immersed ring a breakingor shearing device is formed which reduces they lumps-of sla-geir-y pelled radially oracted on in such a manner as'to tend to move radially. By this means theadvantage is'obtained that .stripping of Vthe ashes and reduced slag takes place not only at the known strippers or Scrapers 4 but withtlie known cutters or `the like arranged on the ash-p an, on the one hand effect the unik form exit of `the ashes and slagfrom the producer at its entire peripheryrand on the other hand reduce the lumps of slag in the desired manner. j l i This arrangement will in practicalV opera-L tion makey itself effective injthat the incandescent zone is maintained uniforinlyin theA`r same position, whereby the yield of the producer is considerably'increased. Further,A

the interior of the` producer and ofthe immersed ring adjoining it is rendered entirely free for the passage of'ashes and slag,- 'since v 'the breaking or shearing device is Aonly situ-V ated w'ithi-ntheconfinesof theash pan.

The ash-pan 3 is provided in a known inan-A ner Iwith'cutters or thef-l-ikef24 which always operate und-er water"andfthejv-skirt l2 is fitted withlthe known ylateralstripper, 4.;v

' isa division ofiny (zo-spending' appli! c'ationSerial VNo."Z2/11,876, :filed July 8,A 19724:,N nowrPlatent No-A` 1,728,684,1,September "17,

1929 for pressure, gasy producers.

,1, In a gasprodu'cer; shaft adapted 2 ulatethe velocityifof `the blast issuingfrom e the distributor, fsaid'ineans operating to varyk the 'ratio' ofthe total cross-sectional areaoofy sa i the outlets to the cross-sectional area of the pair of perforated, cylindrical vshells infsaid distributor relatively revoluble for yadjust-`r ment and-means for adjustingthe position of said valve Vmeans for the purpose of regulating the'blast issuing from'the distributor.

2. In a gas producer, av shaft adapted to contain a solid fuel bed, an ash-pan, a short hollow cylindrical `distributor,having horizontally Adirected outlet openings for admitting a blast vof steam and air to the fuel bed inthe shaft, and means to`4 regulate the velocity of the'blast issuing from said distributor,

said means comprising `a valve for varying the effective cross-sectional area of the inlet ends of the outlet 4openings,'and comprising l al pairof perforated, cylindrical shells in said distributor relatively revoluble for adjustc. nient and means for adjusting-the position of said valve means for the purpose of regulat ingthe blast issuingfrom the distributor. f 3. In a gas producenashaft adapted to contain ya. bed vof fuel, a hollow distributor provided with outlet openings for admitting gas-making fiuidto said'fuel bed,".saidn distributor :extending into the bed, and 'means for varying the area of said outlet openingsV to varv the velocity of the fluid introduced into said `fuel bed, said means comprising ay -member adapted to be'passed overY said -out-` y,let openings to vary the areas of said outlet openings through ywhich-fluid may passinto e saidfuel bed.y

4. In a gas producer, av shaft adapted to contain-a solid .fuel bed, a hollow distributor provided with outlet openings for admitting,v j

gas-making fluid to said fuelbed, said dis` tributor extending into said bed,a shellfwithin said distributor provided ywith openings adapted to register with said outlet openings,

and means for ,moving said shell relative to the yopenings yin said distributor to vary the Y effective area of said outlet openings and thus iso 4" i p y `:899,153 p change the yVelocity of AVthe fluidV passing through said openings into said fuel bed.

5. In a gas producer, a shaft adapted .to contain a solid fuel bed,V a hollow cylindriel distributor provided with outlet openings dis'- posed in rows,'-eaeh extending circumferentially about the distributor and the rows being spaced along the height of the distributor, each outlet opening being adapted toadmit gasmaking luid'to said' fuel' bed, a oylin-y drical shell positioned Within said distribuf` tor provided with openngskadpted to register With said outletl openings, and ineens 'for rotating said shell to Vary; lthefx-n'ective area of` said outletopenings, and thus Change the veloeityof the gasmaling nidpassing therethroughinto. said uelbed. i p v In testimony whereof I ei'lix my signa-ture;

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