EP1552860A1 - Foam fire extinguishing system - Google Patents

Foam fire extinguishing system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1552860A1
EP1552860A1 EP03405902A EP03405902A EP1552860A1 EP 1552860 A1 EP1552860 A1 EP 1552860A1 EP 03405902 A EP03405902 A EP 03405902A EP 03405902 A EP03405902 A EP 03405902A EP 1552860 A1 EP1552860 A1 EP 1552860A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
cage
foam
slot
wall
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03405902A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1552860B1 (en
Inventor
Claude Ciocca
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to DE60330170T priority Critical patent/DE60330170D1/en
Priority to ES03405902T priority patent/ES2335982T3/en
Priority to AT03405902T priority patent/ATE448837T1/en
Priority to EP03405902A priority patent/EP1552860B1/en
Priority to SI200331734T priority patent/SI1552860T1/en
Priority to PCT/CH2004/000725 priority patent/WO2005058424A1/en
Publication of EP1552860A1 publication Critical patent/EP1552860A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1552860B1 publication Critical patent/EP1552860B1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C5/00—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use
    • A62C5/02—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use of foam
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
    • A62C31/02—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing
    • A62C31/12—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing for delivering foam or atomised foam

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to protection installations against fires. It concerns, more particularly, a system of extinction by watering the fire using foam particularly well adapted to the fight against fires in large confined spaces, such as tunnels, car parks or warehouses.
  • a fire-fighting facility in a large space must also be able to respond, in a targeted way, to several separate fires each other, which is common during a willful fire or when, in a tunnel, a first fire causes chain collisions and new fires. It is therefore vital that the installation intervenes at this location and is not prematurely out of extinction means as it has too quickly exhausted his resources on the first fire.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide an improved version a foam extinguishing system that can equip, not only, the above-mentioned installation, but also any existing installation that it either automatic or manual.
  • FIG. 1 represents very schematically, seen from the ground, a portion the roof of a road tunnel equipped with an installation using a system extinguishing foam according to the invention.
  • the installation proposed as a non-restrictive example is divided into sectors of twenty to thirty meters, each with a watering tube 10 located under the arch of the tunnel, parallel to the axis AA of the sector concerned, and provided with foam extinguishing nozzles 12 arranged, all three meters around. These nozzles are directed towards the ground and, in the example shown, aligned along the AA axis.
  • the installation also comprises a mixer 14 whose input E1 is connected a single pipe of pressurized water 16 running through the tunnel and the inlet E2 is connected to an emulsifier tank 18 via a control valve 20.
  • the output S of the mixer 14 is connected to the irrigation tube 10 through a control valve 22.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show, more precise, the watering tube 10 and the foam extinguishing nozzles 12 according to the invention.
  • the tube 10 is of circular section. Its diameter is typically understood between 25 and 150 mm and its length is that of the sector, that is, from twenty to thirty meters in the example described.
  • the nozzles 12 each consist of a slot 24 formed in the wall tube 10 vertically and parallel to its axis AA and a device 26, called foam expansion cage, disposed in front of the slot.
  • a device 26 called foam expansion cage, disposed in front of the slot.
  • the length thereof is between 60 and 100 mm and its width is approximately 0.2 to 1 mm depending on the water supply and the foam flow required for extinction.
  • the expansion cage 26 is formed of an upper wall 28, a wall lower 30 and an intermediate wall 32, made by means of a mesh made of stainless steel or synthetic material whose mesh is between 1 and 3 mm.
  • the top wall 28 has a triangle-shaped section whose ridge faces at the slot 24 parallel to it and is disposed about 1 mm from it.
  • the angle at the apex of the triangle is between 110 and 130 °, while its base has substantially the same dimension as the diameter of the tube 10.
  • the lower wall 30 is curved, with a center substantially coinciding with that of the tube 10. Its base has the same dimension as that of the wall superior 28.
  • the intermediate wall 32 flat, provides the connection between the upper wall 28 and the bottom wall 30. It will be noted that it extends, beyond its junction with the upper wall 28, by a portion 34 which ends at level of the edge of it. The distance between the edge and the furthest point the bottom wall 30 is typically between 30 and 50 mm.
  • the walls of the cage 26 are advantageously joined by welding or by stapling.
  • the edge of the upper wall 28 extends, at both ends thereof by a tongue 36 which is welded to a collar 38 taking place around the tube and hanging on it with a loop 40 and a hook 42.
  • control valve 22 In operation, when a fire is detected, by whatever means either, the control valve 22 is manually opened or automatically. A mixture of water and emulsifier whose content, typically from 2 to 5%, was previously adjusted by the regulating valve 20, is sent into the irrigation tube 10.
  • the slot 24 creates a powerful jet directed on the edge of the upper wall 28. This jet enters the cage 26 and invades it while generating a current suction that brings air intimately mixing with the particles of liquid.
  • the mixture then passes through the intermediate wall 32 and the bottom wall 30 with sufficient pressure to confine the emulsion and produce a dense foam and heavy enough to cover the tunnel floor without being driven by drafts.
  • the projected jet of water and foam concentrate is sufficiently diverted to that foam is also produced above the cage 26 and passes through the upper portion 34 of the intermediate wall 32, thus adding to the foam ejected from the cage.
  • the cage 26 also has the effect of diverting the jet of foam by 90 °. It is likely that this deviation is due to Coriolis forces.
  • the foam forms a screen whose plane is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tunnel and which flaps and absorbs the smoke from the fire.
  • K is an experimental shape coefficient, characteristic of the nozzle
  • P is the pressure of the mixture in the tube 10
  • f is the expansion coefficient defined as the ratio between the volume of foam produced and the volume of liquid.
  • the purpose of this installation is to produce a thickness of 15 cm foam per minute per square meter evenly distributed on the roadway of the tunnel. This thickness is sufficient to extinguish most fires.
  • a single nozzle, sized as described above, produces: 26.2 x 3 1/2 x 30 1.351 m 3 / min of foam.
  • the water flow must therefore be 1034 L / min.
  • the installation may comprise two or three parallel tubes distributed under the vault.
  • each nozzle can have a plurality of slots centered on the vertex edge of the triangle of the cage, for example, three 0.2 mm slots separated by 2 mm.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a fire extinguishing system using foam, comprising: a tube (10) designed to be arranged above a space to be protected and capable of being supplied by means of a pressurized water mixture and an emulsifier; and at least one extinguisher nozzle (12) consisting of at least one slot (24) provided in the wall of said tube and an expansion cage (26) configured to receive the liquid jet delivered by said slot and produce foam which is poured onto said space.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte aux installations de protection contre les incendies. Elle concerne, plus particulièrement, un système d'extinction par arrosage de l'incendie à l'aide de mousse particulièrement bien adapté à la lutte contre les feux dans de grands espaces clos, tels que les tunnels, les parkings ou les entrepôts.The present invention relates to protection installations against fires. It concerns, more particularly, a system of extinction by watering the fire using foam particularly well adapted to the fight against fires in large confined spaces, such as tunnels, car parks or warehouses.

Une telle installation doit, tout d'abord, être équipée de détecteurs :

  • à réponse rapide, c'est-à-dire réagissant instantanément à une élévation anormale de la température, et
  • fiables, c'est-à-dire aussi peu sensibles que possible aux changements de température (gel, ...) mais également aux poussières ou autres salissures risquant de les "aveugler" partiellement ou totalement.
Such an installation must, first of all, be equipped with detectors:
  • fast response, that is to say, reacting instantly to an abnormal rise in temperature, and
  • reliable, that is to say as insensitive as possible to changes in temperature (frost, ...) but also to dust or other soils that may "blind" partially or totally.

Une installation de lutte contre l'incendie dans un grand espace doit aussi être capable de répondre, de manière ciblée, à plusieurs incendies séparés les uns des autres, ce qui est fréquent lors d'un incendie volontaire ou lorsque, dans un tunnel, un premier incendie provoque des collisions en chaíne et de nouveaux incendies. Il est alors vital que l'installation intervienne à cet endroit et ne se trouve pas prématurément à cours de moyens d'extinction car elle a trop vite épuisé ses ressources sur le premier incendie.A fire-fighting facility in a large space must also be able to respond, in a targeted way, to several separate fires each other, which is common during a willful fire or when, in a tunnel, a first fire causes chain collisions and new fires. It is therefore vital that the installation intervenes at this location and is not prematurely out of extinction means as it has too quickly exhausted his resources on the first fire.

Du fait des progrès réalisés dans le domaine des agents émulseurs (généralement des savons liquides), les systèmes d'extinction à mousse ont récemment connu un fort développement. L'attaque de l'incendie au moyen de mousse est, non seulement, plus efficace que celle d'une simple installation à eau, dite "sprinkleur", car elle étouffe le feu au lieu de lui amener de l'oxygène, mais, de plus, consomme beaucoup moins d'eau, ce qui est un avantage considérable dans les tunnels. On notera, par exemple, qu'une installation à moyen foisonnement, bien adaptée à ce genre d'espace, nécessite seulement 1 litre d'eau pour produire quelque 30 à 40 litres de mousse. Due to the progress made in the field of emulsifying agents (usually liquid soaps), foam extinguishing systems have recently experienced a strong development. The attack of the fire by means of of foam is not only more effective than that of a simple water installation, called "sprinkler", because it stifles the fire instead of bringing him of oxygen, but, moreover, consumes much less water, which is a considerable advantage in tunnels. It will be noted, for example, that Medium expansion installation, well adapted to this kind of space, requires only 1 liter of water to produce some 30 to 40 liters of foam.

Le document WO 03/041806 décrit une installation de détection et d'extinction d'incendie dans un tunnel, qui répond aux exigences énoncées ci-dessus et attaque l'incendie à l'aide de mousse. Cette installation comporte une pluralité d'ensembles distincts affectés chacun à la protection d'un secteur du tunnel et comprenant, pour chaque secteur :

  • une pluralité de détecteurs thermiques obturant chacun l'extrémité d'un conduit alimenté en air comprimé et réagissant à une élévation anormale de la température ambiante en faisant déboucher ledit conduit à l'air libre,
  • un système d'extinction à mousse prenant place au-dessus du secteur à protéger, et
  • des moyens de commande qui répondent à une chute de pression résultant de la mise à l'air libre d'au moins l'un desdits conduits par l'alimentation dudit système en un mélange d'eau sous pression et d'émulseur lui permettant de déverser de la mousse d'extinction sur ce secteur.
WO 03/041806 discloses a fire detection and extinguishing installation in a tunnel, which meets the requirements set out above and attacks the fire with foam. This installation comprises a plurality of separate sets each assigned to the protection of a sector of the tunnel and comprising, for each sector:
  • a plurality of thermal detectors each closing the end of a duct fed with compressed air and reacting to an abnormal rise in the ambient temperature by opening said duct in the open air,
  • a foam extinguishing system taking place over the area to be protected, and
  • control means which respond to a pressure drop resulting from the venting of at least one of said conduits by supplying said system with a mixture of pressurized water and an emulsifier enabling it to pour foam on this area.

La présente invention a pour but principal de fournir une version améliorée d'un système d'extinction à mousse qui peut équiper, non seulement, l'installation susmentionnée, mais aussi, toute installation existante, qu'elle soit automatique ou manuelle.The main object of the present invention is to provide an improved version a foam extinguishing system that can equip, not only, the above-mentioned installation, but also any existing installation that it either automatic or manual.

De façon plus précise, l'invention concerne un système d'extinction d'incendie à l'aide de mousse, qui comporte :

  • un tube destiné à prendre place au-dessus de l'espace à protéger et pouvant être alimenté à l'aide d'un mélange d'eau sous pression et d'émulseur, et
  • au moins une buse d'extinction comportant au moins une fente pratiquée dans la paroi dudit tube et d'une cage à foisonnement disposée pour recevoir le jet de liquide délivré par ladite fente et produire de la mousse qui est déversée sur ledit espace.
More specifically, the invention relates to a fire extinguishing system using foam, which comprises:
  • a tube intended to take place above the space to be protected and which can be fed with a mixture of pressurized water and an emulsifier, and
  • at least one extinguishing nozzle having at least one slot in the wall of said tube and an expansion cage arranged to receive the jet of liquid delivered by said slot and produce foam which is poured into said space.

Ce système d'extinction présente encore les principales caractéristiques suivantes :

  • La fente est sensiblement parallèle à l'axe du tube et à l'axe de la cage.
  • La buse comporte plusieurs fentes parallèles.
  • La cage est réalisée en grillage et comporte une paroi supérieure à section en forme de triangle dont l'arête fait face à la fente, parallèlement à elle, et une paroi inférieure incurvée sensiblement concentrique au tube.
  • L'angle au sommet du triangle est sensiblement compris entre 110 et 130°.
  • La base dudit triangle a sensiblement la même dimension que le diamètre du tube.
  • La base de la partie inférieure de la cage a sensiblement la même dimension que celle du triangle.
  • La cage comporte une paroi intermédiaire entre sa paroi supérieure et sa paroi inférieure.
  • Cette paroi intermédiaire se prolonge, au-delà de sa jonction avec la paroi supérieure, par une portion qui se termine sensiblement au niveau de l'arête de celle-ci.
  • La fente a une largeur comprise entre 0.3 et 1 mm et l'arête du sommet du triangle de la cage est disposée à environ 1 mm d'elle.
  • La cage est solidaire d'un collier prenant place autour du tube.
  • Le système comporte une pluralité de buses disposées sur le tube de manière à répartir l'arrosage dans tout l'espace à protéger.
This extinguishing system still has the following main features:
  • The slot is substantially parallel to the axis of the tube and to the axis of the cage.
  • The nozzle has several parallel slots.
  • The cage is made of mesh and has a top wall with a triangular section whose edge faces the slot, parallel to it, and a curved bottom wall substantially concentric with the tube.
  • The angle at the apex of the triangle is substantially between 110 and 130 °.
  • The base of said triangle has substantially the same dimension as the diameter of the tube.
  • The base of the lower part of the cage has substantially the same dimension as that of the triangle.
  • The cage has an intermediate wall between its upper wall and its lower wall.
  • This intermediate wall extends beyond its junction with the upper wall, by a portion which ends substantially at the edge thereof.
  • The slot has a width between 0.3 and 1 mm and the edge of the top of the triangle of the cage is disposed about 1 mm from it.
  • The cage is secured to a collar taking place around the tube.
  • The system comprises a plurality of nozzles disposed on the tube so as to distribute the watering throughout the space to be protected.

D'autres caractéristiques de la présente invention ressortiront de la description qui va suivre, faite en regard du dessin annexé, dans lequel :

  • la figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'une installation selon l'invention ;
  • les figures 2 et 3 sont des vues en coupe longitudinale et transversale d'une buse à mousse équipant cette installation ; et
  • la figure 4 illustre la manière de fixer les cages des buses d'extinction au tube.
Other features of the present invention will emerge from the description which follows, with reference to the appended drawing, in which:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an installation according to the invention;
  • Figures 2 and 3 are views in longitudinal and transverse section of a foam nozzle equipping this installation; and
  • Figure 4 illustrates how to fix the cages of the extinguishing nozzles to the tube.

La figure 1 représente très schématiquement, vue depuis le sol, une portion de la voûte d'un tunnel routier équipée d'une installation utilisant un système d'extinction à mousse selon l'invention.FIG. 1 represents very schematically, seen from the ground, a portion the roof of a road tunnel equipped with an installation using a system extinguishing foam according to the invention.

L'installation proposée à titre d'exemple non limitatif se divise en secteurs de vingt à trente mètres environ, comportant chacun un tube d'arrosage 10 disposé sous la voûte du tunnel, parallèlement à l'axe AA du secteur concerné, et muni de buses d'extinction à mousse 12 disposées, tous les trois mètres environ. Ces buses sont dirigées vers le sol et, dans l'exemple représenté, alignées selon l'axe AA.The installation proposed as a non-restrictive example is divided into sectors of twenty to thirty meters, each with a watering tube 10 located under the arch of the tunnel, parallel to the axis AA of the sector concerned, and provided with foam extinguishing nozzles 12 arranged, all three meters around. These nozzles are directed towards the ground and, in the example shown, aligned along the AA axis.

L'installation comporte également un mélangeur 14 dont l'entrée E1 est reliée à une conduite unique d'eau sous pression 16 parcourant le tunnel et dont l'entrée E2 est reliée à un réservoir d'émulseur 18 par l'intermédiaire d'une vanne réglante 20. La sortie S du mélangeur 14 est reliée au tube d'arrosage 10 par l'intermédiaire d'une vanne de commande 22.The installation also comprises a mixer 14 whose input E1 is connected a single pipe of pressurized water 16 running through the tunnel and the inlet E2 is connected to an emulsifier tank 18 via a control valve 20. The output S of the mixer 14 is connected to the irrigation tube 10 through a control valve 22.

On se référera maintenant aux figures 2 et 3 qui montrent, de manière plus précise, le tube d'arrosage 10 et les buses d'extinction à mousse 12 selon l'invention.Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3 which show, more precise, the watering tube 10 and the foam extinguishing nozzles 12 according to the invention.

Le tube 10 est de section circulaire. Son diamètre est typiquement compris entre 25 et 150 mm et sa longueur est celle du secteur, c'est-à-dire de vingt à trente mètres dans l'exemple décrit.The tube 10 is of circular section. Its diameter is typically understood between 25 and 150 mm and its length is that of the sector, that is, from twenty to thirty meters in the example described.

Les buses 12 sont chacune constituées d'une fente 24 pratiquée dans la paroi du tube 10 à la verticale de son axe AA et parallèlement à celui-ci et d'un dispositif 26, appelé cage à foisonnement de mousse, disposé devant la fente. Typiquement, la longueur de celle-ci est comprise entre 60 et 100 mm et sa largeur est d'environ 0.2 à 1 mm en fonction de l'alimentation en eau et du débit de mousse nécessaire à l'extinction.The nozzles 12 each consist of a slot 24 formed in the wall tube 10 vertically and parallel to its axis AA and a device 26, called foam expansion cage, disposed in front of the slot. Typically, the length thereof is between 60 and 100 mm and its width is approximately 0.2 to 1 mm depending on the water supply and the foam flow required for extinction.

La cage à foisonnement 26 est formée d'une paroi supérieure 28, d'une paroi inférieure 30 et d'une paroi intermédiaire 32, réalisées au moyen d'un grillage en inox ou en matière synthétique dont la maille est comprise entre 1 et 3 mm. The expansion cage 26 is formed of an upper wall 28, a wall lower 30 and an intermediate wall 32, made by means of a mesh made of stainless steel or synthetic material whose mesh is between 1 and 3 mm.

La paroi supérieure 28 a une section en forme de triangle dont l'arête fait face à la fente 24 parallèlement à elle et est disposée à environ 1 mm d'elle. L'angle au sommet du triangle est compris entre 110 et 130°, alors que sa base a sensiblement la même dimension que le diamètre du tube 10.The top wall 28 has a triangle-shaped section whose ridge faces at the slot 24 parallel to it and is disposed about 1 mm from it. The angle at the apex of the triangle is between 110 and 130 °, while its base has substantially the same dimension as the diameter of the tube 10.

La paroi inférieure 30 est incurvée, de centre sensiblement confondu avec celui du tube 10. Sa base a la même dimension que celle de la paroi supérieure 28.The lower wall 30 is curved, with a center substantially coinciding with that of the tube 10. Its base has the same dimension as that of the wall superior 28.

La paroi intermédiaire 32, plane, assure la liaison entre la paroi supérieure 28 et la paroi inférieure 30. On remarquera qu'elle se prolonge, au-delà de sa jonction avec la paroi supérieure 28, par une portion 34 qui se termine au niveau de l'arête de celle-ci. La distance entre l'arête et le point le plus éloigné de la paroi inférieure 30 est, typiquement, comprise entre 30 et 50 mm.The intermediate wall 32, flat, provides the connection between the upper wall 28 and the bottom wall 30. It will be noted that it extends, beyond its junction with the upper wall 28, by a portion 34 which ends at level of the edge of it. The distance between the edge and the furthest point the bottom wall 30 is typically between 30 and 50 mm.

Les parois de la cage 26 sont avantageusement réunies par soudage ou par agrafage.The walls of the cage 26 are advantageously joined by welding or by stapling.

Comme le montre la figure 4, l'arête de la paroi supérieure 28 se prolonge, à ses deux extrémités, par une languette 36 qui est soudée à un collier 38 prenant place autour du tube et s'y accrochant à l'aide d'une boucle 40 et d'un crochet 42.As shown in FIG. 4, the edge of the upper wall 28 extends, at both ends thereof by a tongue 36 which is welded to a collar 38 taking place around the tube and hanging on it with a loop 40 and a hook 42.

En fonctionnement, lorsqu'un incendie est détecté, par quelque moyen que ce soit, la vanne de commande 22 est ouverte manuellement ou automatiquement. Un mélange d'eau et d'émulseur dont la teneur, typiquement de 2 à 5 %, a été préalablement ajustée par la vanne réglante 20, est envoyé dans le tube d'arrosage 10.In operation, when a fire is detected, by whatever means either, the control valve 22 is manually opened or automatically. A mixture of water and emulsifier whose content, typically from 2 to 5%, was previously adjusted by the regulating valve 20, is sent into the irrigation tube 10.

La fente 24 crée un jet puissant dirigé sur l'arête de la paroi supérieure 28. Ce jet pénètre dans la cage 26 et l'envahit tout en engendrant un courant d'aspiration qui fait rentrer de l'air se mélangeant intimement aux particules de liquide.The slot 24 creates a powerful jet directed on the edge of the upper wall 28. This jet enters the cage 26 and invades it while generating a current suction that brings air intimately mixing with the particles of liquid.

Le mélange traverse ensuite la paroi intermédiaire 32 et la paroi inférieure 30 avec une pression encore suffisante pour confiner l'émulsion et produire une mousse dense et assez lourde pour recouvrir le sol du tunnel sans être entraínée par les courants d'air.The mixture then passes through the intermediate wall 32 and the bottom wall 30 with sufficient pressure to confine the emulsion and produce a dense foam and heavy enough to cover the tunnel floor without being driven by drafts.

On notera que le jet d'eau et d'émulseur projeté est suffisamment dévié pour que de la mousse soit aussi produite au-dessus de la cage 26 et traverse la portion supérieure 34 de la paroi intermédiaire 32, s'ajoutant ainsi à la mousse éjectée de la cage.It should be noted that the projected jet of water and foam concentrate is sufficiently diverted to that foam is also produced above the cage 26 and passes through the upper portion 34 of the intermediate wall 32, thus adding to the foam ejected from the cage.

De manière très intéressante et surprenante, l'expérience montre que la cage 26 a aussi pour effet de détourner de 90° le jet de mousse. Il est probable que cette déviation soit due aux forces de Coriolis. Ainsi, la mousse forme un écran dont le plan est sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal du tunnel et qui rabat et absorbe les fumées de l'incendie.In a very interesting and surprising way, experience shows that the cage 26 also has the effect of diverting the jet of foam by 90 °. It is likely that this deviation is due to Coriolis forces. Thus, the foam forms a screen whose plane is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tunnel and which flaps and absorbs the smoke from the fire.

Le débit Q de la mousse produite est donné par la formule : Q =K P * f dans laquelle K est un coefficient de forme expérimental, caractéristique de la buse, P est la pression du mélange dans le tube 10 et f est le coefficient de foisonnement défini comme le rapport entre le volume de mousse produite et le volume de liquide.The flow rate Q of the foam produced is given by the formula: Q = K P * f where K is an experimental shape coefficient, characteristic of the nozzle, P is the pressure of the mixture in the tube 10 and f is the expansion coefficient defined as the ratio between the volume of foam produced and the volume of liquid.

On prendra pour exemple :

  • un tunnel de 24 m de long et de 9 m de large ;
  • une installation dotée de buses comportant une fente de 80 mm de long et 0,6 mm de large, qui présentent un coefficient K de 26,2 et un foisonnement f de 30 ; et
  • un mélange d'eau et d'émulseur circulant à une pression de 3 bars.
We will take as an example:
  • a tunnel 24 m long and 9 m wide;
  • a plant with nozzles having a slot 80 mm long and 0.6 mm wide, having a K coefficient of 26.2 and an expansion of 30; and
  • a mixture of water and emulsifier circulating at a pressure of 3 bar.

L'objectif de cette installation est de produire une épaisseur de 15 cm de mousse par minute et par mètre carré, répartie uniformément sur la chaussée du tunnel. Cette épaisseur est suffisante pour éteindre la plupart des incendies.The purpose of this installation is to produce a thickness of 15 cm foam per minute per square meter evenly distributed on the roadway of the tunnel. This thickness is sufficient to extinguish most fires.

La chaussée du tunnel ayant une surface de 9 x 24 = 216 m2, le débit de mousse souhaité est de 216 x 0,15 = 32,4 m3/min. The tunnel floor having an area of 9 x 24 = 216 m 2 , the desired foam flow rate is 216 x 0.15 = 32.4 m 3 / min.

Une seule buse, dimensionnée comme décrit ci-dessus, produit : 26,2 x 31/2 x 30 = 1,351 m3/min de mousse. A single nozzle, sized as described above, produces: 26.2 x 3 1/2 x 30 = 1.351 m 3 / min of foam.

Ainsi, l'installation devra comporter 32,4/1,351 = 24 buses.Thus, the installation must have 32.4 / 1.351 = 24 nozzles.

Le débit de mélange circulant dans le tube d'arrosage sera de 26,2 * 31/2 * 24 = 1089 L/min. Pour un mélange comprenant 5% d'émulseur, le débit d'eau doit donc être de 1034 L/min.The mixing rate flowing in the spray tube will be 26.2 * 3 1/2 * 24 = 1089 L / min. For a mixture comprising 5% of emulsifier, the water flow must therefore be 1034 L / min.

On notera que l'exemple de calcul donné ci-dessus ne tient pas compte des pertes de charge causées par la tuyauterie. Pour un calcul plus fin, il est possible de calculer les différences de pression entre deux buses adjacentes causées par les pertes de charge et donc de différencier le débit de mousse produit par chaque buse.Note that the calculation example given above does not take into account the pressure losses caused by piping. For a finer calculation, it is possible to calculate pressure differences between two adjacent nozzles caused by pressure losses and thus to differentiate the flow of foam produced by each nozzle.

La présente description a été faite en se référant à un tube 10 dont les fentes 24 sont toutes alignées à la verticale de son axe AA. Il va de soi que, selon la dimension du tunnel, il peut être avantageux, pour une meilleure répartition de la mousse, de décaler les fentes en quinconce, par exemple, à 45° par rapport au diamètre vertical du tube. Bien entendu, les cages sont toujours centrées sur les fentes.This description has been made with reference to a tube 10 whose slots 24 are all aligned vertically of its axis AA. It goes without saying that according to dimension of the tunnel, it may be advantageous for a better distribution of foam, staggering the slits, for example, at 45 ° to to the vertical diameter of the tube. Of course, the cages are always centered on the slots.

Il va de soi, également, que, pour un tunnel de grande largeur, l'installation peut comporter deux ou trois tubes parallèles répartis sous la voûte.It goes without saying that, for a wide tunnel, the installation may comprise two or three parallel tubes distributed under the vault.

Par ailleurs, pour augmenter le débit de mousse produite, chaque buse peut comporter une pluralité de fentes centrée sur l'arête du sommet du triangle de la cage, par exemple, trois fentes de 0,2 mm séparées de 2 mm.Moreover, to increase the flow of foam produced, each nozzle can have a plurality of slots centered on the vertex edge of the triangle of the cage, for example, three 0.2 mm slots separated by 2 mm.

Ainsi est proposé un système d'extinction à mousse peu coûteux, aisé à installer, peu encombrant et particulièrement efficace.Thus is proposed an inexpensive foam extinguishing system, easy to install, space saving and particularly efficient.

Claims (12)

Système d'extinction d'incendie à l'aide de mousse, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte : un tube (10) destiné à prendre place au-dessus d'un espace à protéger et pouvant être alimenté à l'aide d'un mélange d'eau sous pression et d'émulseur, et au moins une buse d'extinction (12) constituée d'au moins une fente (24) pratiquée dans la paroi dudit tube et d'un cage à foisonnement (26) disposée pour recevoir le jet de liquide délivré par ladite fente et produire de la mousse qui est déversée sur ledit espace. Fire extinguishing system with foam, characterized in that it comprises: a tube (10) intended to take place above a space to be protected and which can be fed with a mixture of pressurized water and an emulsifier, and at least one extinguishing nozzle (12) consisting of at least one slot (24) formed in the wall of said tube and an expansion cage (26) arranged to receive the jet of liquid delivered by said slot and to produce the foam that is poured on said space. Système selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite fente (24) est sensiblement parallèle à l'axe du tube (10) et à l'axe de la cage (26).System according to claim 1, characterized in that said slot (24) is substantially parallel to the axis of the tube (10) and to the axis of the cage (26). Système selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que ladite buse comporte une pluralité de fentes parallèles (24).System according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that said nozzle comprises a plurality of parallel slots (24). Système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que ladite cage (26) est réalisée en grillage et comporte : une paroi supérieure à section en forme de triangle (28) dont l'arête fait face à ladite fente (24), parallèlement à elle, et une paroi inférieure incurvée (30) sensiblement concentrique au tube (10). System according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said cage (26) is made of mesh and comprises: an upper wall with a triangular section (28) whose ridge faces said slot (24), parallel to it, and a curved bottom wall (30) substantially concentric with the tube (10). Système selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'angle au sommet dudit triangle est sensiblement compris entre 110 et 130°.System according to claim 4, characterized in that the apex angle of said triangle is substantially between 110 and 130 °. Système selon l'une des revendications 4 et 5, caractérisé en ce que la base dudit triangle a sensiblement la même dimension que le diamètre du tube (10).System according to one of claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the base of said triangle has substantially the same dimension as the diameter of the tube (10). Système selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la base de ladite partie inférieure (30) a sensiblement la même dimension que celle dudit triangle. System according to claim 6, characterized in that the base of said lower part (30) has substantially the same dimension as that of said triangle. Système selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que ladite cage (26) comporte une paroi intermédiaire (32) entre la paroi supérieure (28) et la paroi inférieure (30).System according to claim 7, characterized in that said cage (26) has an intermediate wall (32) between the upper wall (28) and the lower wall (30). Système selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que ladite paroi intermédiaire (32) se prolonge, au-delà de sa jonction avec la paroi supérieure (28), par une portion (34) qui se termine sensiblement au niveau de l'arête.System according to claim 8, characterized in that said intermediate wall (32) extends, beyond its junction with the upper wall (28), by a portion (34) which ends substantially at the edge. Système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que ladite fente (24) a une largeur comprise entre 0.2 et 1 mm et en ce que ladite arête est disposée à environ 1 mm d'elle.System according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said slot (24) has a width of between 0.2 and 1 mm and that said edge is disposed about 1 mm from it. Système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que ladite cage (26) est un solidaire d'un collier de fixation (38) prenant place autour du tube (10).System according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that said cage (26) is integral with a fastening collar (38) taking place around the tube (10). Système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une pluralité de buses (12) disposées sur ledit tube (10) de manière à répartir l'arrosage dans l'espace à protéger.System according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of nozzles (12) disposed on said tube (10) so as to distribute the watering in the space to be protected.
EP03405902A 2003-12-17 2003-12-17 Foam fire extinguishing system Expired - Lifetime EP1552860B1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE60330170T DE60330170D1 (en) 2003-12-17 2003-12-17 Foam fire extinguishing system
ES03405902T ES2335982T3 (en) 2003-12-17 2003-12-17 FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM WITH FOAM.
AT03405902T ATE448837T1 (en) 2003-12-17 2003-12-17 FOAM FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM
EP03405902A EP1552860B1 (en) 2003-12-17 2003-12-17 Foam fire extinguishing system
SI200331734T SI1552860T1 (en) 2003-12-17 2003-12-17 Foam fire extinguishing system
PCT/CH2004/000725 WO2005058424A1 (en) 2003-12-17 2004-12-09 Fire extinguishing system using foam

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03405902A EP1552860B1 (en) 2003-12-17 2003-12-17 Foam fire extinguishing system

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1552860A1 true EP1552860A1 (en) 2005-07-13
EP1552860B1 EP1552860B1 (en) 2009-11-18

Family

ID=34585931

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03405902A Expired - Lifetime EP1552860B1 (en) 2003-12-17 2003-12-17 Foam fire extinguishing system

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1552860B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE448837T1 (en)
DE (1) DE60330170D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2335982T3 (en)
SI (1) SI1552860T1 (en)
WO (1) WO2005058424A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016212391A1 (en) * 2016-07-07 2018-01-11 Fabrik chemischer Präparate von Dr. Richard Sthamer GmbH & Co KG Schaumwassersprinkler

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3592269A (en) * 1968-12-09 1971-07-13 Howard C Stults Self-contained foam fire extinguishing system
DE19539991C1 (en) * 1995-10-27 1997-02-27 Preussag Ag Minimax Fire-fighting water-foam sprinkler
US5785126A (en) * 1993-10-25 1998-07-28 Svenska Skum Ab Method of extinguishing of fire in open or closed spaces and means for performing the method
WO2003041806A1 (en) 2001-11-13 2003-05-22 Claude Ciocca Foam fire extinguishing installation

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3592269A (en) * 1968-12-09 1971-07-13 Howard C Stults Self-contained foam fire extinguishing system
US5785126A (en) * 1993-10-25 1998-07-28 Svenska Skum Ab Method of extinguishing of fire in open or closed spaces and means for performing the method
DE19539991C1 (en) * 1995-10-27 1997-02-27 Preussag Ag Minimax Fire-fighting water-foam sprinkler
WO2003041806A1 (en) 2001-11-13 2003-05-22 Claude Ciocca Foam fire extinguishing installation

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016212391A1 (en) * 2016-07-07 2018-01-11 Fabrik chemischer Präparate von Dr. Richard Sthamer GmbH & Co KG Schaumwassersprinkler
DE102016212391B4 (en) * 2016-07-07 2019-06-13 Fabrik chemischer Präparate von Dr. Richard Sthamer GmbH & Co KG Schaumwassersprinkler

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2005058424A1 (en) 2005-06-30
SI1552860T1 (en) 2010-02-26
ATE448837T1 (en) 2009-12-15
EP1552860B1 (en) 2009-11-18
ES2335982T3 (en) 2010-04-07
DE60330170D1 (en) 2009-12-31

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