EP1547651B1 - Fire extinguishing device and method in particular for cargo spaces in aircrafts - Google Patents

Fire extinguishing device and method in particular for cargo spaces in aircrafts Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1547651B1
EP1547651B1 EP04030216A EP04030216A EP1547651B1 EP 1547651 B1 EP1547651 B1 EP 1547651B1 EP 04030216 A EP04030216 A EP 04030216A EP 04030216 A EP04030216 A EP 04030216A EP 1547651 B1 EP1547651 B1 EP 1547651B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
extinguishing agent
fire
extinguishing
control unit
container
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EP04030216A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1547651A1 (en
Inventor
Alexander Dipl.-Ing. Scheidt
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Airbus Operations GmbH
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Airbus Operations GmbH
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/07—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
    • A62C3/08—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles in aircraft
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fire extinguishing device, in particular for firefighting in cargo holds of aircraft, with at least two extinguishing agent receiving an extinguishing agent containers and a second extinguishing agent tank downstream filter unit, the extinguishing agent in the extinguishing agent containers via a piping system with extinguishing agent outlet nozzles to a fire is conductive and the extinguishing agent from the controlled by means of a control unit in the piping system, the extinguishing agent is a liquefiable under slight pressure liquefiable gas, which passes into the gaseous phase at atmospheric pressure, and the extinguishing agent from the first extinguishing agent container having no controlled by the control unit valve unit, passes unimpeded until the emptying of this container, so that in the space to be protected from fire an initial extinguishing agent concentration to suppress the Brandes sets.
  • halon replacement agents which have a less promoting effect on the greenhouse effect and less to no ozone-damaging effect at comparable extinguishing properties.
  • the extinguishing agent halon is stored at about 25 bar pressure liquefied in suitable extinguishing agent containers in the aircraft, which are closed by sealing membranes. It is located above of the liquid phase halon a nitrogen cushion.
  • the sealing membranes can be opened by means of an electrically ignitable, pyrotechnic closure system, so that the extinguishing agent halon can flow into a connected piping system to the source of the fire.
  • the pipeline system has extinguishing agent outlet nozzles in order to achieve a widespread spraying of the extinguishing agent.
  • the pyrotechnic closure system can be triggered remotely by an electrical ignition signal, for example from an electrical switch in the cockpit.
  • an electrical ignition signal for example from an electrical switch in the cockpit.
  • fire detectors are still installed in fire-prone areas of the aircraft, giving the appropriate warning signals to the cockpit, so that the cockpit crew in case of fire can quickly trigger the pyrotechnic closure system of the extinguishing agent container.
  • the extinguishing agent such as halon initially flows unthrottled from a first extinguishing agent tank via the piping to the fire, until the first extinguishing agent tank emptied, d. H. a pressure equalization has taken place.
  • a high initial concentration of the extinguishing agent is achieved at the source, which leads to a rapid suppression or extinguishment of the fire.
  • the second extinguishing agent container downstream of a water adsorption filter, a particulate filter and a pressure reducer.
  • the pressure reducer reduces the pressure of the escaping extinguishing agent, so that only a small, strongly throttled extinguishing agent mass flow from the extinguishing agent container via the piping system reaches the source of the fire, but which ensures that at no time is a critical minimum concentration of the extinguishing agent in the combustion chamber below.
  • the pressure reducer is further downstream of a diaphragm for accurately limiting the Halon take screws.
  • a check valve to follow a back flow of the To prevent extinguishing agent from the piping system in the second extinguishing agent tank and to protect the pressure reducer before the surge in triggering the first extinguishing agent tank.
  • a small mass flow of the extinguishing agent which can have, for example, a value of the order of magnitude of between 0.05 and 0.5 kilograms per minute, is generally sufficient.
  • the extinguishing agent in this area changes from the liquid phase into the gaseous phase.
  • the extinguishing agent always contains certain impurities in the form of non-volatile substances. These are, for example, oils, fats, solid particles or the like: which are unfavorably just at the location of the phase change, d. H. preferably in the region of the pressure reducer.
  • a disadvantage of the known extinguishing equipment is reflected in the area of the pressure reducer, due to the low mass flow of the extinguishing agent halon and the low temperatures of up to -50, the impurities of the extinguishing agent halon and exert a negative influence on the control behavior of the pressure reducer, which finally can lead to total system failure of the entire fire fighting equipment.
  • the two extinguishing agent container with a liquefied extinguishing gas or a gaseous extinguishing agent, in particular Halon ® has.
  • a first extinguishing agent container is quickly emptied in case of fire to extinguish the fire as quickly as possible or suffocate.
  • the extinguishing agent flows via a regulating valve or a mechanical (diaphragm) pressure reducer throttled into the cargo space leading piping system to maintain a minimum concentration of extinguishing agent in the hold over a longest possible period of time. This is intended to reliably suppress a rekindling of the fire over a longer period of time.
  • a continuously operating (diaphragm) pressure reducer has a significantly higher susceptibility to icing and therefore an increased need for maintenance.
  • the US 3,783,946 discloses an automatic fire extinguishing arrangement, which is intended, inter alia, for aircraft, and a pressure-liquefied gaseous extinguishing medium in the normal state, such as Halon ® 1301 used.
  • the extinguishing medium kept ready in a pressure vessel passes via a control valve controlled by a control unit and a line connected thereto into the fire area.
  • the actuation of the control valve is independent of the currently prevailing pressure and / or temperature conditions, so that icing of the system can not be safely excluded.
  • CO 2 in particular is discharged from an extinguishing agent container via a control valve into a space which is closed on all sides.
  • the current CO 2 concentration in the room is measured by means of a (gas) measuring device.
  • the control unit opens the valve to allow further CO 2 to flow into the combustion chamber until the sol-concentration is reached again and the valve is closed. This prevents the fire from re-igniting over long periods of time with minimal CO 2 consumption.
  • this device requires a fault-prone and also expensive metrological detection of the extinguishing agent concentration in the space to be monitored in order to enable the control of the valve.
  • the object of the invention is to avoid a system failure of the known fire extinguishing equipment due to a strong supercooling of the pressure reducer and the precipitation of extinguishing agent impurities in the area of the pressure reducer.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by the fire extinguishing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the extinguishing agent from the second extinguishing agent container by means of the valve unit controlling control unit is periodically releasable, the temperature of the extinguishing agent and the pressure of the extinguishing agent in the second extinguishing agent container by means of a measuring unit can be detected and the time duration of the delivery of the extinguishing agent from the second extinguishing agent container by means of the control unit as a function of the temperature and / or the pressure of the extinguishing agent located in the region of the measuring unit is variable, so that in the space to be protected from fire at any time a minimum extinguishing agent concentration is exceeded in order to prevent a re-ignition of the fire.
  • the Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a fire extinguishing device 1 according to the invention.
  • the fire extinguishing device 1 is not on the in Fig. 1 shown embodiment variant with two extinguishing agent containers limited.
  • Conceivable are further embodiments with three, four, five or even higher number of connected to a pipeline system extinguishing agent containers, wherein at least one extinguishing agent container emits the extinguishing agent controlled by a control unit periodically in the fire to be protected room.
  • the fire extinguishing device 1 essentially comprises a first extinguishing agent container 2, a second extinguishing agent container 3, a control unit 4, a valve unit 5 and a measuring unit 6. Furthermore, a filter unit 7 is provided, for example, a water adsorption 8 and a Solid filter 9 may include.
  • the first and the second extinguishing agent containers 2, 3 are connected via a piping system 10, consisting of the pipes 11 and 12 with the space to be protected from fire 13.
  • the pipes 11 and 12 are combined in a connection point 14, for example by means of a T-piece.
  • the piping system 10 is provided with not shown in the drawing extinguishing agent outlet nozzles.
  • the second extinguishing agent container 3 is connected by means of a pipe section 15 with the filter unit 7.
  • a measuring unit 6 is arranged, which with the filter unit 7 via a in the representation of Fig. 1 unspecified pipe section is connected.
  • the measuring unit 6, the valve unit 5 is connected downstream, with the measuring unit 6 also via a corresponding, in the illustration of Fig. 1 unspecified pipe section is connected.
  • the valve unit 5 is finally connected via the pipe 12 with the pipe 11 of the piping system 10, which leads to the space to be protected from fire 13.
  • an extinguishing agent 16 which may be, for example, at standard conditions (20 ° C, 1013.25 mbar) gaseous extinguishing agent halon.
  • the extinguishing agent 16 is under pressure, so that it goes from the gaseous phase into the liquid phase in the range of normal room temperatures.
  • the extinguishing agent 16 is pressurized by means of a nitrogen pad 17.
  • substitutes which have comparable extinguishing properties can also be used in the fire extinguishing device 1 according to the invention.
  • other gaseous under atmospheric pressure extinguishing agent 16 which have a less ozone-damaging effect compared to the extinguishing agent halon and also promote the greenhouse effect less to not at all.
  • the first and the second extinguishing agent container 2, 3 further comprise closure members 18, which are connected to the piping system 10.
  • the closure members 18 prevent uncontrolled leakage of the extinguishing agent from the first and the second extinguishing agent containers 2, 3.
  • the closure members 18 may be formed, for example, as membranes which are pyrotechnic by means of an electric ignition pulse to open once - are blown up - and are not reclosable.
  • the electrical ignition pulse for the single opening of the membranes can be emitted by remote control, for example, from the cockpit of an aircraft via an electric switch.
  • fire detectors not shown in detail in the area of the fire arranged to be protected space 13. In the event of a fire, an electrical warning signal, for example in the cockpit of an aircraft, can be transmitted remotely by means of the fire alarm in order to warn the crew in time of a fire, so that suitable fire-fighting measures can be taken.
  • the control unit 4 is connected to the valve unit 5 by means of a control line 19.
  • the measuring unit 6 is in turn connected to the control unit 4 via a measuring line 20.
  • a bus system or the like can be used, via which the signals are simultaneously transferable.
  • the measuring unit 6 comprises a temperature sensor 21 and a pressure sensor 22.
  • the temperature sensor 21 and the pressure sensor 22 may be accommodated in separate housings.
  • the housing of the temperature sensor 21 and the pressure sensor 22 in a housing is not required, but may be recommended for reasons of weight saving and system security.
  • the temperature of the extinguishing agent 16 in the region of the measuring unit 6 can be measured and transmitted via the measuring line 20 to the control unit 4.
  • control unit 4 actuate the valve unit 5, wherein the valve unit 5, for example, from an electrically actuated solenoid valve is formed.
  • an electrically actuated solenoid valve for example, piezoelectrically operable valves or based on other operating principles valves can be used.
  • the control unit 4 can enable or completely prevent the inflow of the extinguishing agent 16 from the second extinguishing agent tank 3 into the pipe 12.
  • a fire extinguishing means of the fire extinguishing device 1 according to the invention is as follows:
  • the fire detection in the room to be protected from fire 13 by means of the fire detector or fire detectors not described in the drawing, but not shown. If the fire detectors emit a warning signal, then initially the closure member 18 of the first extinguishing agent container 2 is opened. thereupon the extinguishing agent 16 located in the first extinguishing agent container 2 flows unhindered through the pipes 11 into the space 13 to be protected from fire under high pressure. The extinguishing agent 16 flows out of the extinguishing agent tank 2 until a pressure equalization has taken place between it and the room 13 to be protected from fire, ie until an extensive evacuation of the first extinguishing agent tank 2 has taken place. This ensures that sets in the room 13, a high initial extinguishing agent concentration A for rapid suppression of the fire.
  • the closure member 18 of the second extinguishing agent container 3 is opened.
  • the extinguishing agent 16 can only flow out of the second extinguishing agent container 3 when the valve unit 5 is released by the control unit 4, ie is opened, thus allowing a flow of the extinguishing agent 16.
  • the extinguishing agent 16 flows when the valve unit 5 is open under full pressure from the second extinguishing agent tank 3, because a pressure reducer is not present.
  • the control unit 4 releases the inflow of the extinguishing agent 16 from the extinguishing agent tank 3 by means of the valve unit 5 only if a critical minimum extinguishing agent concentration M in the space 13 to be protected from fire is not reached.
  • the closure members 18 are opened simultaneously in case of fire, so that at the time in which the first extinguishing agent container 2 is completely emptied, controlled by the control unit 4 influx of the extinguishing agent 16 from the second extinguishing agent tank 3 in the room 13 can begin without delay ,
  • the extinguishing agent container 2, 3 may have other organs, such as pressure relief valves, filler neck, level indicator, inspection openings, opening for inserting sensors, sight glasses and the like.
  • the control unit 4 constantly determines the pressure and the temperature of the extinguishing agent 16 in the region of the measuring unit 6. These two parameters are used to calculate the duration of the opening of the valve unit 5 - with otherwise kept constant opening frequency - in the control unit 4 by means of a in the representation of Fig. 1 not shown data processing unit or the like. If, for example, the pressure in the second extinguishing agent tank 3 decreases as a result of increasing emptying, the control unit 4 must increase the opening duration of the valve unit 5 because the density of the extinguishing agent 16 decreases. In order to maintain the minimum extinguishing agent concentration M in the space 13, therefore, the opening period of the valve unit 5 must be increased.
  • the opening duration of the valve unit 5 can conversely be increased again because the density of the extinguishing agent 16 increases and the minimum extinguishing agent concentration M in the space 13 can be maintained with a smaller amount of extinguishing agent 16 ,
  • the periodic opening of the valve unit 5 is carried out at a constant frequency, so that the extinguishing agent 16 is periodically sprayed or injected from the second extinguishing agent tank 3 in the space to be protected from fire 13 at high pressure.
  • the control unit 4 only varies the duration of the opening time of the valve unit 5 as a function of the pressure and the temperature values of the extinguishing agent 16, so that ultimately the amount of sprayed or injected extinguishing agent 16 can be varied.
  • valve unit 5 it is also conceivable to vary the opening frequency of the valve unit 5 as a function of the pressure and the temperature values of the extinguishing agent 16, wherein the time duration of the openings of the valve unit 5 can then be constant. Finally, it would also be possible to change the duration of the openings of the valve unit 5 and at the same time the frequency of the openings of the valve unit 5.
  • FIG. 2 the typical time course of an extinguishing agent concentration L in the space 13 to be protected from fire is shown.
  • a fire breaks out in the room 13 to be protected from fire.
  • a high initial extinguishing agent concentration A is reached in the room 13 to be protected from fire, which leads to an immediate suppression of the fire.
  • the rapid achievement of the initial extinguishing agent concentration A in the space 13 is achieved by the unthrottled outflow of the extinguishing agent 16 from the first extinguishing agent tank 2.
  • the space 13 to be protected from fire is, as it were, "flooded" with the extinguishing agent 16.
  • the extinguishing agent concentration L in the room 13 then drops steadily again, because the valve unit 5 controlled by the control unit 4, the inflow of the extinguishing agent 16 from the second extinguishing agent tank 3 still prevents and the extinguishing agent 16 from the Room 13 volatilizes.
  • the valve unit 5 is opened by the control unit 4 and the extinguishing agent 16 flows back into the space 13 until a sufficient suppression extinguishing agent concentration U for safely suppressing the fire in the fire to be protected Room 13 is reached. Up to the minimum extinguishing agent concentration M, a re-ignition of the fire in the room 13 to be protected from fire is not possible.
  • the fire extinguishing device 1 is by no means limited to use in aircraft.
  • the fire extinguishing device 1 according to the invention can also be used, for example, for firefighting in enclosed spaces of any kind in which goods or the like are stored. Also conceivable is an application of the fire extinguishing device 1 according to the invention in connection with motor vehicles of any kind.
  • Fig. 1 not shown embodiment of the fire extinguishing device 1 according to the invention more than two extinguishing agent containers are provided, all of which are connected to a piping system, so that the contents of the extinguishing agent can empty into the piping system.
  • at least one of the extinguishing agent container with the filter unit 7, the measuring unit 6 and the valve unit 5 is provided, which allows the intermittent release of the extinguishing agent 16 in the piping system or in the space to be protected from fire 13 under high pressure by means of the control unit 4.
  • extinguishing agent 16 unhindered in the fire to be protected room 13 until the space 13, the initial extinguishing agent concentration A is reached, the rapid suppression of the fire leads.
  • extinguishing agent 16 controlled by the control unit 4 by means of the valve unit 5 is discharged from the second extinguishant container 3 periodically and under high pressure into the space 13 so that the minimum extinguishing agent concentration M in the room 13 to be protected from fire is never undershot and the fire re-ignites is prevented.
  • the frequency of the openings of the valve unit 5 remains constant in accordance with the above statements in the context of the description of the first embodiment of the fire extinguishing device 1 according to the invention.
  • the opening time of the valve unit 5 is varied depending on the pressure and the temperature of the extinguishing agent 16 in the region of the measuring unit 6 of the control unit 4 in accordance with the above statements in connection with the description of the fire extinguishing device 1 according to the invention.
  • a variation of the frequency of the openings of the valve unit 5 is possible, in which case the respective duration of the opening times of the valve unit 5 is kept constant by the control unit 4.
  • the method is not limited to the use of two extinguishing agent containers, but allows the use of any number of extinguishing agent containers, which are connected to a common piping system.
  • At least one extinguishing agent container is in turn assigned the control unit 4 controlling the valve unit 5 as well as the filter unit 7 and the measuring unit 6 for carrying out the method according to the invention.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The fire fighting system (1) installed in an aircraft has two containers (2,3) for an extinguishing fluid (16). The containers are pressurized with nitrogen (17). Fluid may flow directly through pipes (10,11,14) from the first container to the cargo space (13). A filter assembly (7) is connected to the second container and incorporates a water adsorption filter (8) and a solid particle filter (9). A measurement system (6) is connected (19) to a control circuit (4). It has a connection (18) to a control valve (5) releasing fluid into the cargo space.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Feuerlöscheinrichtung, insbesondere zur Brandbekämpfung in Frachträumen von Luftfahrzeugen, mit mindestens zwei ein Löschmittel aufnehmenden Löschmittelbehältern und einer dem zweiten Löschmittelbehälter nachgeschalteten Filtereinheit, wobei das Löschmittel in den Löschmittelbehältern über ein Rohrleitungssystem mit Löschmittelaustrittsdüsen zu einem Brandherd leitbar ist und das Löschmittel aus dem zweiten Löschmittelbehälter mittels einer Steuereinheit gesteuert in das Rohrleitungssystem abgebbar ist, wobei das Löschmittel ein unter geringem Überdruck verflüssigbares Gas ist, das bei atmosphärischem Druck in die gasförmige Phase übergeht, und das Löschmittel aus dem ersten Löschmittelbehälter, der keine mittels der Steuereinheit gesteuerte Ventileinheit aufweist, ungehindert bis zur Entleerung dieses Behälters austritt, so dass sich in dem vor Feuer zu schützenden Raum eine Anfangslöschmittelkonzentration zur Unterdrückung des Brandes einstellt.The invention relates to a fire extinguishing device, in particular for firefighting in cargo holds of aircraft, with at least two extinguishing agent receiving an extinguishing agent containers and a second extinguishing agent tank downstream filter unit, the extinguishing agent in the extinguishing agent containers via a piping system with extinguishing agent outlet nozzles to a fire is conductive and the extinguishing agent from the controlled by means of a control unit in the piping system, the extinguishing agent is a liquefiable under slight pressure liquefiable gas, which passes into the gaseous phase at atmospheric pressure, and the extinguishing agent from the first extinguishing agent container having no controlled by the control unit valve unit, passes unimpeded until the emptying of this container, so that in the space to be protected from fire an initial extinguishing agent concentration to suppress the Brandes sets.

Im Bereich der Brandbekämpfung in zivilen und militärischen Luftfahrzeugen finden verbreitet Feuerlöscheinrichtungen unter Einsatz von Halonen Anwendung. Weiterhin sind auch Halon-Ersatzmittel bekannt, die bei vergleichbaren Löscheigenschaften einen weniger fördernden Einfluss auf den Treibhauseffekt und weniger bis keine ozonschädigende Wirkung haben. Das Löschmittel Halon ist bei zirka 25 bar druckverflüssigt in geeigneten Löschmittelbehältern im Luftfahrzeug gespeichert, die durch Verschlussmembranen verschlossen sind. Weiterhin befindet sich oberhalb des in flüssiger Phase befindlichen Halons ein Stickstoffpolster. Die Verschlussmembranen lassen sich mittels eines elektrisch zündbaren, pyrotechnischen Verschlusssystems öffnen, sodass das Löschmittel Halon in ein angeschlossenes Rohrleitungssystem zum Brandherd strömen kann. Das Rohrleitungssystem weist im Bereich potentieller Brandherde, beispielsweise im Bereich der Frachträume von Luftfahrzeugen, Löschmittelaustrittsdüsen auf, um ein breit gefächertes Versprühen des Löschmittels zu erreichen.In the field of fire fighting in civil and military aircraft, there are widespread use of fire-fighting equipment using halons. Furthermore, halon replacement agents are known which have a less promoting effect on the greenhouse effect and less to no ozone-damaging effect at comparable extinguishing properties. The extinguishing agent halon is stored at about 25 bar pressure liquefied in suitable extinguishing agent containers in the aircraft, which are closed by sealing membranes. It is located above of the liquid phase halon a nitrogen cushion. The sealing membranes can be opened by means of an electrically ignitable, pyrotechnic closure system, so that the extinguishing agent halon can flow into a connected piping system to the source of the fire. In the area of potential fire sources, for example in the area of the cargo holds of aircraft, the pipeline system has extinguishing agent outlet nozzles in order to achieve a widespread spraying of the extinguishing agent.

Das pyrotechnische Verschlusssystem ist durch ein elektrisches Zündsignal, beispielsweise von einem elektrischen Schalter im Cockpit, fernauslösbar. Zur Branddetektion sind weiterhin in brandgefährdeten Bereichen des Luftfahrzeugs Brandmelder installiert, die entsprechende Warnsignale an das Cockpit geben, sodass die Cockpitcrew im Brandfall schnell das pyrotechnische Verschlusssystem der Löschmittelbehälter auslösen kann.The pyrotechnic closure system can be triggered remotely by an electrical ignition signal, for example from an electrical switch in the cockpit. For fire detection, fire detectors are still installed in fire-prone areas of the aircraft, giving the appropriate warning signals to the cockpit, so that the cockpit crew in case of fire can quickly trigger the pyrotechnic closure system of the extinguishing agent container.

Bei bekannten Feuerlöscheinrichtungen nach Maßgabe des Standes der Technik strömt das Löschmittel, beispielsweise Halon zunächst ungedrosselt aus einem ersten Löschmittelbehälter über das Rohrleitungssystem an den Brandherd, bis sich der erste Löschmittelbehälter entleert, d. h. ein Druckausgleich stattgefunden hat. Hierdurch wird am Brandherd eine hohe Anfangskonzentration des Löschmittels erreicht, die zu einer schnellen Unterdrückung bzw. Löschung des Brandes führt.In known fire extinguishing equipment in accordance with the prior art, the extinguishing agent, such as halon initially flows unthrottled from a first extinguishing agent tank via the piping to the fire, until the first extinguishing agent tank emptied, d. H. a pressure equalization has taken place. As a result, a high initial concentration of the extinguishing agent is achieved at the source, which leads to a rapid suppression or extinguishment of the fire.

Im Anschluss daran oder zeitgleich wird das pyrotechnische Verschlusssystem des zweiten Löschmittelbehälters ausgelöst. Dem zweiten Löschmittelbehälter sind ein Wasser-Adsorptionsfilter, ein Feststoffteilchen-Filter sowie ein Druckreduzierer nachgeschaltet. Der Druckreduzierer vermindert den Druck des ausströmenden Löschmittels, sodass nur ein geringer, stark gedrosselter Löschmittelmassenstrom aus dem Löschmittelbehälter über das Rohrleitungssystem an den Brandherd gelangt, der aber sicherstellt, dass im Brandraum zu keinem Zeitpunkt eine kritische Minimalkonzentration des Löschmittels unterschritten wird. Dem Druckreduzierer ist weiterhin eine Blende zur genauen Begrenzung des Halondurchflusses nachgeordnet. Hierdurch wird ein Wiederaufflammen des Brandes sicher verhindert. Hinter der Blende folgt schließlich noch ein Rückschlagventil, um ein Zurückströmen des Löschmittels aus dem Rohrleitungssystem in den zweiten Löschmittelbehälter zu verhindern und den Druckreduzierer vor dem Druckstoß beim Auslösen des ersten Löschmittelbehälters zu schützen. Zur sicheren Unterdrückung des Wiederaufflammens des Brandes genügt hierbei in der Regel ein kleiner Massenstrom des Löschmittels, der beispielsweise einen Wert in der Größenordnung zwischen 0,05 bis 0,5 Kilogramm pro Minute aufweisen kann. Infolge des hohen Druckabfalls des Löschmittels im Bereich des Druckreduzierers wechselt das Löschmittel in diesem Bereich von der flüssigen Phase in die gasförmige Phase.Following or at the same time the pyrotechnic closure system of the second extinguishing agent container is triggered. The second extinguishing agent container downstream of a water adsorption filter, a particulate filter and a pressure reducer. The pressure reducer reduces the pressure of the escaping extinguishing agent, so that only a small, strongly throttled extinguishing agent mass flow from the extinguishing agent container via the piping system reaches the source of the fire, but which ensures that at no time is a critical minimum concentration of the extinguishing agent in the combustion chamber below. The pressure reducer is further downstream of a diaphragm for accurately limiting the Halondurchflusses. As a result, a resurgence of the fire is reliably prevented. Behind the aperture, finally, a check valve to follow a back flow of the To prevent extinguishing agent from the piping system in the second extinguishing agent tank and to protect the pressure reducer before the surge in triggering the first extinguishing agent tank. In order to reliably suppress the re-ignition of the fire, a small mass flow of the extinguishing agent, which can have, for example, a value of the order of magnitude of between 0.05 and 0.5 kilograms per minute, is generally sufficient. As a result of the high pressure drop of the extinguishing agent in the region of the pressure reducer, the extinguishing agent in this area changes from the liquid phase into the gaseous phase.

In dem Löschmittel sind stets gewisse Verunreinigungen in Form von nicht flüchtigen Stoffen enthalten. Hierbei handelt es sich beispielsweise um Öle, Fette, Feststoffpartikel oder dergleichen: die sich in unvorteilhafter Weise gerade am Ort des Phasenwechsels, d. h. vorzugsweise im Bereich des Druckreduzierers abscheiden. Nachteilig an den bekannten Löscheinrichtungen ist, dass sich im Bereich des Druckreduzierers, bedingt durch den geringen Massenstrom des Löschmittels Halon sowie die tiefen Temperaturen von bis zu -50 die Verunreinigungen des Löschmittels Halon niederschlagen und einen negativen Einfluss auf das Regelverhalten des Druckreduzierers ausüben, was schließlich zum totalen Systemversagen der gesamten Feuerlöscheinrichtung führen kann.The extinguishing agent always contains certain impurities in the form of non-volatile substances. These are, for example, oils, fats, solid particles or the like: which are unfavorably just at the location of the phase change, d. H. preferably in the region of the pressure reducer. A disadvantage of the known extinguishing equipment is reflected in the area of the pressure reducer, due to the low mass flow of the extinguishing agent halon and the low temperatures of up to -50, the impurities of the extinguishing agent halon and exert a negative influence on the control behavior of the pressure reducer, which finally can lead to total system failure of the entire fire fighting equipment.

Aus der US 4 643 260 ist ein Feuerbekämpfungssystem zum Einsatz in Frachträumen von Flugzeugen bekannt, das zwei Löschmittelbehälter mit einem verflüssigten Löschgas bzw. einem gasförmigen Löschmittel, insbesondere Halon®, aufweist. Ein erster Löschmittelbehälter wird im Brandfall rasch entleert, um das Feuer möglichst schnell zu löschen bzw. zu ersticken. Aus einem zweiten Löschmittelbehälter strömt hingegen das Löschmittel über ein Regulierventil bzw. einen mechanischen (Membran-)Druckminderer gedrosselt in das zum Frachtraum führende Rohrleitungssystem, um eine Minimallöschmittelkonzentration im Frachtraum über einen möglichst langen Zeitraum hinweg aufrechtzuerhalten. Hierdurch soll ein Wiederaufflammen des Feuers über einen längeren Zeitraum hinweg zuverlässig unterdrückt werden. Ein stetig arbeitender (Membran-)Druckminderer weist jedoch eine signifikant höhere Vereisungsanfälligkeit und daher einen erhöhten Wartungsbedarf auf.From the US 4 643 260 a fire fighting system for use in cargo holds of aircraft is known, the two extinguishing agent container with a liquefied extinguishing gas or a gaseous extinguishing agent, in particular Halon ® has. A first extinguishing agent container is quickly emptied in case of fire to extinguish the fire as quickly as possible or suffocate. From a second extinguishing agent container, however, the extinguishing agent flows via a regulating valve or a mechanical (diaphragm) pressure reducer throttled into the cargo space leading piping system to maintain a minimum concentration of extinguishing agent in the hold over a longest possible period of time. This is intended to reliably suppress a rekindling of the fire over a longer period of time. However, a continuously operating (diaphragm) pressure reducer has a significantly higher susceptibility to icing and therefore an increased need for maintenance.

Die US 3 783 946 offenbart eine automatische Feuerlöscheinrichtung, die unter anderem für Flugzeuge vorgesehen ist, und die ein druckverflüssigtes, im Normalzustand gasförmiges Löschmedium, wie beispielsweise Halon® 1301, verwendet. Das in einem Druckbehälter bereitgehaltene Löschmedium gelangt über ein von einer Steuereinheit kontrolliertes Steuerventil und eine daran angeschlossene Leitung in den Brandbereich. Die Betätigung des Steuerventils erfolgt jedoch unabhängig von den jeweils aktuell herrschenden Druck- und/oder Temperaturverhältnissen, so dass eine Vereisung der Anlage nicht sicher ausgeschlossen werden kann.The US 3,783,946 discloses an automatic fire extinguishing arrangement, which is intended, inter alia, for aircraft, and a pressure-liquefied gaseous extinguishing medium in the normal state, such as Halon ® 1301 used. The extinguishing medium kept ready in a pressure vessel passes via a control valve controlled by a control unit and a line connected thereto into the fire area. However, the actuation of the control valve is independent of the currently prevailing pressure and / or temperature conditions, so that icing of the system can not be safely excluded.

Aus der US 2 539 452 ist ein Feuerlöschsystem für geschlossene Räume bekannt. Hierbei wird aus einem Löschmittelbehälter insbesondere CO2 über ein Steuerventil in einen allseitig geschlossenen Raum abgegeben. Um eine vorgegebene Löschmittelkonzentration im Brandbereich auf einem vorgegebenen Wert zu halten, wird mittels eines (Gas-)Messgerätes jeweils die aktuelle CO2-Konzentration in dem Raum gemessen. Sobald ein vorgegebener kritischer Wert für die CO2-Konzentration unterschritten wird, öffnet die Kontrolleinheit das Ventil, um weiteres CO2 in den Brandraum nachströmen zu lassen, bis die Solikonzentration wieder erreicht ist und das Ventil geschlossen wird. Hierdurch wird das Wiederaufflammen des Feuers über lange Zeiträume hinweg bei gleichzeitig minimalem CO2-Verbrauch verhindert. Diese Vorrichtung erfordert jedoch eine störanfällige und zudem aufwändige messtechnische Erfassung der Löschmittelkonzentration im zu überwachenden Raum, um die Ansteuerung des Ventils zu ermöglichen.From the US 2,539,452 is a closed fire extinguishing system known. In this case, CO 2 in particular is discharged from an extinguishing agent container via a control valve into a space which is closed on all sides. In order to keep a given extinguishing agent concentration in the fire area at a predetermined value, the current CO 2 concentration in the room is measured by means of a (gas) measuring device. As soon as a predetermined critical value for the CO 2 concentration is undershot, the control unit opens the valve to allow further CO 2 to flow into the combustion chamber until the sol-concentration is reached again and the valve is closed. This prevents the fire from re-igniting over long periods of time with minimal CO 2 consumption. However, this device requires a fault-prone and also expensive metrological detection of the extinguishing agent concentration in the space to be monitored in order to enable the control of the valve.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Systemversagen der bekannten Feuerlöscheinrichtungen infolge einer starken Unterkühlung des Druckreduzierers und des Niederschlags von Löschmittelverunreinigungen im Bereich des Druckreduzierers zu vermeiden.The object of the invention is to avoid a system failure of the known fire extinguishing equipment due to a strong supercooling of the pressure reducer and the precipitation of extinguishing agent impurities in the area of the pressure reducer.

Die erfindungsgemäße Aufgabe wird durch die Feuerlöscheinrichtung gemäß dem Patentanspruch 1 dadurch gelöst, dass das Löschmittel aus dem zweiten Löschmittelbehälter mittels der die Ventileinheit steuernden Steuereinheit periodisch abgebbar ist, wobei die Temperatur des Löschmittels und der Druck des Löschmittels im zweiten Löschmittelbehälter mittels einer Messeinheit erfassbar sind und die zeitliche Dauer der Abgabe des Löschmittels aus dem zweiten Löschmittelbehälter mittels der Steuereinheit in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur und/oder dem Druck des im Bereich der Messeinheit befindlichen Löschmittels variierbar ist, so dass in dem vor Feuer zu schützenden Raum zu keinem Zeitpunkt eine Minimallöschmittelkonzentration unterschritten wird, um ein Wiederaufflammen des Brandes zu verhindern.The object of the invention is achieved by the fire extinguishing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the extinguishing agent from the second extinguishing agent container by means of the valve unit controlling control unit is periodically releasable, the temperature of the extinguishing agent and the pressure of the extinguishing agent in the second extinguishing agent container by means of a measuring unit can be detected and the time duration of the delivery of the extinguishing agent from the second extinguishing agent container by means of the control unit as a function of the temperature and / or the pressure of the extinguishing agent located in the region of the measuring unit is variable, so that in the space to be protected from fire at any time a minimum extinguishing agent concentration is exceeded in order to prevent a re-ignition of the fire.

Weiterbildungen und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in weiteren Patentansprüchen niedergelegt. Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Detailbeschreibung der Erfindung.Further developments and advantageous embodiments of the invention are laid down in further claims. Further advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention.

In der Zeichnung zeigen:

Fig. 1
Eine schematische Darstellung der Feuerlöscheinrichtung,
Fig. 2
und den zeitlichen Verlauf der Löschmittelkonzentration.
In the drawing show:
Fig. 1
A schematic representation of the fire extinguishing equipment,
Fig. 2
and the time course of the extinguishing agent concentration.

Die Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Feuerlöscheinrichtung 1.The Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a fire extinguishing device 1 according to the invention.

Die erfindungsgemäße Feuerlöscheinrichtung 1 ist hierbei nicht auf die in Fig. 1 gezeigte Ausführungsvariante mit zwei Löschmittelbehältern beschränkt. Denkbar sind weitere Ausführungsvarianten mit drei, vier, fünf oder einer noch höheren Anzahl von an ein Rohrleitungssystem angeschlossenen Löschmittelbehältern, wobei mindestens ein Löschmittelbehälter das Löschmittel gesteuert von einer Steuereinheit periodisch in den vor Feuer zu schützenden Raum abgibt.The fire extinguishing device 1 according to the invention is not on the in Fig. 1 shown embodiment variant with two extinguishing agent containers limited. Conceivable are further embodiments with three, four, five or even higher number of connected to a pipeline system extinguishing agent containers, wherein at least one extinguishing agent container emits the extinguishing agent controlled by a control unit periodically in the fire to be protected room.

Die Feuerlöscheinrichtung 1 nach Maßgabe des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels mit zwei Löschmittelbehältern umfasst im Wesentlichen einen ersten Löschmittelbehälter 2, einen zweiten Löschmittelbehälter 3, eine Steuereinheit 4, eine Ventileinheit 5 sowie eine Messeinheit 6. Weiterhin ist eine Filtereinheit 7 vorgesehen, die beispielsweise einen Wasseradsorptionsfilter 8 sowie einen Feststofffilter 9 umfassen kann. Der erste und der zweite Löschmittelbehälter 2, 3 sind über ein Rohrleitungssystem 10, bestehend aus den Rohrleitungen 11 und 12 mit dem vor Feuer zu schützenden Raum 13 verbunden. Die Rohrleitungen 11 und 12 sind in einem Verbindungspunkt 14, beispielsweise mittels eines T-Stücks, zusammengeführt. Im Bereich des vor Feuer zu schützenden Raumes 13 ist das Rohrleitungssystem 10 mit in der Zeichnung nicht näher dargestellten Löschmittelaustrittsdüsen versehen. Der zweite Löschmittelbehälter 3 ist mittels eines Rohrstücks 15 mit der Filtereinheit 7 verbunden. Hinter der Filtereinheit 7 ist eine Messeinheit 6 angeordnet, die mit der Filtereinheit 7 über ein in der Darstellung der Fig. 1 nicht näher bezeichnetes Rohrstück verbunden ist. Der Messeinheit 6 ist die Ventileinheit 5 nachgeschaltet, die mit der Messeinheit 6 ebenfalls über ein entsprechendes, in der Darstellung der Fig. 1 nicht näher bezeichnetes Rohrstück verbunden ist. Die Ventileinheit 5 ist schließlich über die Rohrleitung 12 mit der Rohrleitung 11 des Rohrleitungssystems 10 verbunden, die zum vor Feuer zu schützenden Raum 13 führt.The fire extinguishing device 1 according to the first embodiment with two extinguishing agent containers essentially comprises a first extinguishing agent container 2, a second extinguishing agent container 3, a control unit 4, a valve unit 5 and a measuring unit 6. Furthermore, a filter unit 7 is provided, for example, a water adsorption 8 and a Solid filter 9 may include. The first and the second extinguishing agent containers 2, 3 are connected via a piping system 10, consisting of the pipes 11 and 12 with the space to be protected from fire 13. The pipes 11 and 12 are combined in a connection point 14, for example by means of a T-piece. in the Area of the fire to be protected room 13, the piping system 10 is provided with not shown in the drawing extinguishing agent outlet nozzles. The second extinguishing agent container 3 is connected by means of a pipe section 15 with the filter unit 7. Behind the filter unit 7, a measuring unit 6 is arranged, which with the filter unit 7 via a in the representation of Fig. 1 unspecified pipe section is connected. The measuring unit 6, the valve unit 5 is connected downstream, with the measuring unit 6 also via a corresponding, in the illustration of Fig. 1 unspecified pipe section is connected. The valve unit 5 is finally connected via the pipe 12 with the pipe 11 of the piping system 10, which leads to the space to be protected from fire 13.

In dem ersten und dem zweiten Löschmittelbehälter 2, 3 befindet sich ein Löschmittel 16, bei dem es sich beispielsweise um das bei Normbedingungen (20 °C, 1013,25 mbar) gasförmige Löschmittel Halon handeln kann. Das Löschmittel 16 steht dabei unter Überdruck, sodass es im Bereich üblicher Raumtemperaturen von der gasförmigen Phase in die flüssige Phase übergeht. Zusätzlich wird das Löschmittel 16 mittels eines Stickstoffpolsters 17 unter Druck gesetzt. Alternativ zu dem gasförmigen Löschmittel Halon können in der erfindungsgemäßen Feuerlöscheinrichtung 1 auch Ersatzstoffe verwendet werden, die über vergleichbare Löscheigenschaften verfügen. Geeignet sind beispielsweise auch andere unter atmosphärischen Druck gasförmige Löschmittel 16, die im Vergleich zum Löschmittel Halon eine weniger ozonschädigende Wirkung aufweisen und die zudem den Treibhauseffekt weniger bis gar nicht fördern.In the first and the second extinguishing agent container 2, 3 is an extinguishing agent 16, which may be, for example, at standard conditions (20 ° C, 1013.25 mbar) gaseous extinguishing agent halon. The extinguishing agent 16 is under pressure, so that it goes from the gaseous phase into the liquid phase in the range of normal room temperatures. In addition, the extinguishing agent 16 is pressurized by means of a nitrogen pad 17. As an alternative to the gaseous extinguishing agent halon, substitutes which have comparable extinguishing properties can also be used in the fire extinguishing device 1 according to the invention. Also suitable, for example, other gaseous under atmospheric pressure extinguishing agent 16, which have a less ozone-damaging effect compared to the extinguishing agent halon and also promote the greenhouse effect less to not at all.

Der erste und der zweite Löschmittelbehälter 2, 3 weisen weiterhin Verschlussorgane 18 auf, die mit dem Rohrleitungssystem 10 verbunden sind. Die Verschlussorgane 18 verhindern ein unkontrolliertes Austreten des Löschmittels aus dem ersten und dem zweiten Löschmittelbehälter 2, 3. Die Verschlussorgane 18 können beispielsweise als Membranen ausgebildet sein, die pyrotechnisch mittels eines elektrischen Zündimpulses einmalig zu öffnen sind - beispielsweise aufgesprengt werden - und nicht wiederverschließbar sind. Der elektrische Zündimpuls zur einmaligen Öffnung der Membranen kann beispielsweise vom Cockpit eines Luftfahrzeuges aus über einen elektrischen Schalter ferngesteuert abgegeben werden. Weiterhin sind in der Zeichnung nicht näher dargestellte Brandmelder im Bereich des vor Feuer zu schützenden Raumes 13 angeordnet. Mittels der Brandmelder ist im Brandfall ein elektrisches Warnsignal, beispielsweise in das Cockpit eines Luftfahrzeugs, fernübertragbar, um die Besatzung rechtzeitig vor einem Brand zu warnen, sodass geeignete Brandbekämpfungsmaßnahmen ergriffen werden können.The first and the second extinguishing agent container 2, 3 further comprise closure members 18, which are connected to the piping system 10. The closure members 18 prevent uncontrolled leakage of the extinguishing agent from the first and the second extinguishing agent containers 2, 3. The closure members 18 may be formed, for example, as membranes which are pyrotechnic by means of an electric ignition pulse to open once - are blown up - and are not reclosable. The electrical ignition pulse for the single opening of the membranes can be emitted by remote control, for example, from the cockpit of an aircraft via an electric switch. Furthermore, fire detectors, not shown in detail in the area of the fire arranged to be protected space 13. In the event of a fire, an electrical warning signal, for example in the cockpit of an aircraft, can be transmitted remotely by means of the fire alarm in order to warn the crew in time of a fire, so that suitable fire-fighting measures can be taken.

Die Steuereinheit 4 ist mittels einer Steuerleitung 19 mit der Ventileinheit 5 verbunden. Die Messeinheit 6 ist wiederum über eine Messleitung 20 mit der Steuereinheit 4 verbunden. Alternativ zu den Steuer- und Messleitungen 19, 20 kann beispielsweise auch ein Bussystem oder dergleichen Verwendung finden, über das die Signale gleichzeitig übertragbar sind. Die Messeinheit 6 umfasst einen Temperatursensor 21 sowie einen Drucksensor 22. Der Temperatursensor 21 sowie der Drucksensor 22 können in separaten Gehäusen untergebracht sein. Die Unterbringung des Temperatursensors 21 und des Drucksensors 22 in einem Gehäuse ist nicht erforderlich, kann aber aus Gründen der Gewichtsersparung und der Systemsicherheit empfehlenswert sein. Mittels des Temperatursensors 21 ist die Temperatur des Löschmittels 16 im Bereich der Messeinheit 6 messbar und über die Messleitung 20 an die Steuereinheit 4 übertragbar. Auch die Übertragung der vom Drucksensor 22 ermittelten Druckwerte des Löschmittels 16 im Bereich der Messeinheit 6 an die Steuereinheit 4 erfolgt über die Messleitung 20. Über die Steuerleitung 19 kann die Steuereinheit 4 die Ventileinheit 5 betätigen, wobei die Ventileinheit 5 beispielsweise aus einem elektrisch betätigbaren Magnetventil gebildet ist. Alternativ zu einem elektrisch betätigbaren Magnetventil können beispielsweise piezoelektrisch betätigbare Ventile oder auf anderen Funktionsprinzipien beruhende Ventile eingesetzt werden. Mittels der Ventileinheit 5 kann die Steuereinheit 4 den Zufluss des Löschmittels 16 aus dem zweiten Löschmittelbehälter 3 in die Rohrleitung 12 freigeben oder vollständig unterbinden.The control unit 4 is connected to the valve unit 5 by means of a control line 19. The measuring unit 6 is in turn connected to the control unit 4 via a measuring line 20. As an alternative to the control and measurement lines 19, 20, for example, a bus system or the like can be used, via which the signals are simultaneously transferable. The measuring unit 6 comprises a temperature sensor 21 and a pressure sensor 22. The temperature sensor 21 and the pressure sensor 22 may be accommodated in separate housings. The housing of the temperature sensor 21 and the pressure sensor 22 in a housing is not required, but may be recommended for reasons of weight saving and system security. By means of the temperature sensor 21, the temperature of the extinguishing agent 16 in the region of the measuring unit 6 can be measured and transmitted via the measuring line 20 to the control unit 4. The transmission of the pressure values of the extinguishing agent 16 determined by the pressure sensor 22 in the region of the measuring unit 6 to the control unit 4 via the measuring line 20 via the control line 19, the control unit 4 actuate the valve unit 5, wherein the valve unit 5, for example, from an electrically actuated solenoid valve is formed. As an alternative to an electrically actuated solenoid valve, for example, piezoelectrically operable valves or based on other operating principles valves can be used. By means of the valve unit 5, the control unit 4 can enable or completely prevent the inflow of the extinguishing agent 16 from the second extinguishing agent tank 3 into the pipe 12.

Eine Brandlöschung mittels der erfindungsgemäßen Feuerlöscheinrichtung 1 gestaltet sich wie folgt:A fire extinguishing means of the fire extinguishing device 1 according to the invention is as follows:

Die Branddetektion in dem vor Feuer zu schützenden Raum 13 erfolgt mittels der bereits beschriebenen, aber in der Zeichnung nicht näher dargestellten Brandmelder bzw. Branddetektoren. Geben die Brandmelder ein Warnsignal ab, so wird zunächst das Verschlussorgan 18 des ersten Löschmittelbehälters 2 geöffnet. Daraufhin strömt das im ersten Löschmittelbehälter 2 befindliche Löschmittel 16 ungehindert durch die Rohrleitungen 11 in den vor Feuer zu schützenden Raum 13 unter hohem Druck ein. Das Löschmittel 16 strömt solange aus dem Löschmittelbehälter 2 heraus, bis ein Druckausgleich zwischen diesem und dem vor Feuer zu schützenden Raum 13 stattgefunden hat, d. h. bis eine weitgehende Entleerung des ersten Löschmittelbehälters 2 erfolgt ist. Hierdurch wird erreicht, dass sich im Raum 13 eine hohe Anfangslöschmittelkonzentration A zur schnellen Unterdrückung des Brandes einstellt.The fire detection in the room to be protected from fire 13 by means of the fire detector or fire detectors not described in the drawing, but not shown. If the fire detectors emit a warning signal, then initially the closure member 18 of the first extinguishing agent container 2 is opened. thereupon the extinguishing agent 16 located in the first extinguishing agent container 2 flows unhindered through the pipes 11 into the space 13 to be protected from fire under high pressure. The extinguishing agent 16 flows out of the extinguishing agent tank 2 until a pressure equalization has taken place between it and the room 13 to be protected from fire, ie until an extensive evacuation of the first extinguishing agent tank 2 has taken place. This ensures that sets in the room 13, a high initial extinguishing agent concentration A for rapid suppression of the fire.

Anschließend wird das Verschlussorgan 18 des zweiten Löschmittelbehälters 3 geöffnet. In diesem Fall kann das Löschmittel 16 aus dem zweiten Löschmittelbehälter 3 nur ausströmen, wenn die Ventileinheit 5 von der Steuereinheit 4 freigegeben, d.h. geöffnet ist und so einen Durchfluss des Löschmittels 16 ermöglicht. Das Löschmittel 16 strömt bei geöffneter Ventileinheit 5 unter vollem Druck aus dem zweiten Löschmittelbehälter 3 aus, weil ein Druckreduzierer nicht vorhanden ist. Die Steuereinheit 4 gibt mittels der Ventileinheit 5 den Zustrom des Löschmittels 16 aus dem Löschmittelbehälter 3 jedoch nur dann frei, wenn eine kritische Minimallöschmittelkonzentration M in dem vor Feuer zu schützenden Raum 13 unterschritten wird. Hierdurch wird erreicht, dass im Raum 13 zu keinem Zeitpunkt die Minimallöschmittelkonzentration M unterschritten wird, sodass ein Wiederaufflammen des Brandes nicht möglich ist. In vorteilhafter Weise werden im Brandfall die Verschlussorgane 18 gleichzeitig geöffnet, sodass in dem Zeitpunkt, in dem der erste Löschmittelbehälter 2 vollständig entleert ist, der von der Steuereinheit 4 gesteuerte Zustrom des Löschmittels 16 aus dem zweiten Löschmittelbehälter 3 in den Raum 13 ohne Verzögerung beginnen kann. Prinzipiell kann die "Flutung" des vor Feuer zu schützenden Raumes 13 aus dem ersten Löschmittelbehälter 2 zur schnellen Erreichung der Anfangslöschmittelkonzentration A sowie das intermittierende Eindüsen des Löschmittels 16 aus dem zweiten Löschmittelbehälter 3 zur Aufrechterhaltung der Minimallöschmittelkonzentration M aber auch zeitgleich erfolgen. Die Löschmittelbehälter 2, 3 können weitere Organe, beispielsweise Überdruckventile, Füllstutzen, Füllstandsanzeiger, Inspektionsöffnungen, Öffnung zum Einführen von Sensoren, Schaugläser und dergleichen aufweisen.Subsequently, the closure member 18 of the second extinguishing agent container 3 is opened. In this case, the extinguishing agent 16 can only flow out of the second extinguishing agent container 3 when the valve unit 5 is released by the control unit 4, ie is opened, thus allowing a flow of the extinguishing agent 16. The extinguishing agent 16 flows when the valve unit 5 is open under full pressure from the second extinguishing agent tank 3, because a pressure reducer is not present. However, the control unit 4 releases the inflow of the extinguishing agent 16 from the extinguishing agent tank 3 by means of the valve unit 5 only if a critical minimum extinguishing agent concentration M in the space 13 to be protected from fire is not reached. This ensures that in the space 13 at no time the minimum extinguishing agent concentration M is exceeded, so that a resurgence of the fire is not possible. Advantageously, the closure members 18 are opened simultaneously in case of fire, so that at the time in which the first extinguishing agent container 2 is completely emptied, controlled by the control unit 4 influx of the extinguishing agent 16 from the second extinguishing agent tank 3 in the room 13 can begin without delay , In principle, the "flooding" of the space 13 to be protected from fire from the first extinguishing agent container 2 for rapid achievement of the initial extinguishing agent concentration A and the intermittent injection of the extinguishing agent 16 from the second extinguishing agent tank 3 to maintain the minimum extinguishing agent concentration M but also at the same time. The extinguishing agent container 2, 3 may have other organs, such as pressure relief valves, filler neck, level indicator, inspection openings, opening for inserting sensors, sight glasses and the like.

Mittels des Temperatursensors 21 und des Drucksensors 22 ermittelt die Steuereinheit 4 ständig den Druck sowie die Temperatur des Löschmittels 16 im Bereich der Messeinheit 6. Diese beiden Parameter dienen zur Berechnung der zeitlichen Dauer der Öffnung der Ventileinheit 5 - bei im Übrigen konstant gehaltener Öffnungsfrequenz - in der Steuereinheit 4 mittels einer in der Darstellung der Fig. 1 nicht näher dargestellten Datenverarbeitungseinheit oder dergleichen. Sinkt beispielsweise der Druck in dem zweiten Löschmittelbehälter 3 infolge zunehmender Entleerung, muss die Steuereinheit 4 die Öffnungsdauer der Ventileinheit 5 erhöhen, weil die Dichte des Löschmittels 16 abnimmt. Um die Minimallöschmittelkonzentration M im Raum 13 aufrechtzuerhalten, muss daher die Öffnungsdauer der Ventileinheit 5 erhöht werden. Nimmt beispielsweise die Temperatur des Löschmittels 16 im Bereich der Messeinheit 6 ab, so kann die Öffnungsdauer der Ventileinheit 5 umgekehrt wieder erhöht werden, weil die Dichte des Löschmittels 16 steigt und die Minimallöschmittelkonzentration M im Raum 13 mit einer geringeren Menge des Löschmittels 16 aufrechterhalten werden kann.By means of the temperature sensor 21 and the pressure sensor 22, the control unit 4 constantly determines the pressure and the temperature of the extinguishing agent 16 in the region of the measuring unit 6. These two parameters are used to calculate the duration of the opening of the valve unit 5 - with otherwise kept constant opening frequency - in the control unit 4 by means of a in the representation of Fig. 1 not shown data processing unit or the like. If, for example, the pressure in the second extinguishing agent tank 3 decreases as a result of increasing emptying, the control unit 4 must increase the opening duration of the valve unit 5 because the density of the extinguishing agent 16 decreases. In order to maintain the minimum extinguishing agent concentration M in the space 13, therefore, the opening period of the valve unit 5 must be increased. If, for example, the temperature of the extinguishing agent 16 in the region of the measuring unit 6 decreases, the opening duration of the valve unit 5 can conversely be increased again because the density of the extinguishing agent 16 increases and the minimum extinguishing agent concentration M in the space 13 can be maintained with a smaller amount of extinguishing agent 16 ,

Mittels der Steuereinheit 4 erfolgt die periodische Öffnung der Ventileinheit 5 mit einer konstanten Frequenz, sodass das Löschmittel 16 aus dem zweiten Löschmittelbehälter 3 periodisch in den vor Feuer zu schützenden Raum 13 mit hohem Druck eingesprüht bzw. eingedüst wird. Die Steuereinheit 4 variiert lediglich die Dauer der Öffnungszeit der Ventileinheit 5 in Abhängigkeit von den Druck- und der Temperaturwerten des Löschmittels 16, sodass hierdurch letztendlich die Menge des eingesprühten bzw. eingedüsten Löschmittel 16 variierbar ist.By means of the control unit 4, the periodic opening of the valve unit 5 is carried out at a constant frequency, so that the extinguishing agent 16 is periodically sprayed or injected from the second extinguishing agent tank 3 in the space to be protected from fire 13 at high pressure. The control unit 4 only varies the duration of the opening time of the valve unit 5 as a function of the pressure and the temperature values of the extinguishing agent 16, so that ultimately the amount of sprayed or injected extinguishing agent 16 can be varied.

Alternativ ist es auch denkbar, die Öffnungsfrequenz der Ventileinheit 5 in Abhängigkeit von den Druck- und der Temperaturwerten des Löschmittels 16 zu variieren, wobei die zeitliche Dauer der Öffnungen der Ventileinheit 5 dann konstant sein kann. Schließlich wäre es auch möglich, die zeitliche Dauer der Öffnungen der Ventileinheit 5 und gleichzeitig die Frequenz der Öffnungen der Ventileinheit 5 zu verändern.Alternatively, it is also conceivable to vary the opening frequency of the valve unit 5 as a function of the pressure and the temperature values of the extinguishing agent 16, wherein the time duration of the openings of the valve unit 5 can then be constant. Finally, it would also be possible to change the duration of the openings of the valve unit 5 and at the same time the frequency of the openings of the valve unit 5.

Um die Berechnung der erforderlichen Öffnungsdauer der Ventileinheit 5 durchführen zu können ist es zum einen erforderlich, die Dichte sowie die Viskosität des Löschmittels 16 in allen Betriebszuständen der Feuerlöscheinrichtung 1 zu kennen und in der Datenverarbeitungseinheit abzulegen. Zum anderen ist es notwendig, den gemittelten Massenstrom sowie den Druckverlust des Löschmittels 16 im gesamten Rohrleitungssystem 10 zu ermitteln und in der Datenverarbeitungseinheit abrufbar bereitzuhalten. Daneben spielen auch die Größe und die Geometrie des vor Feuer zu schützenden Raumes 13 für die Berechnung der Öffnungsdauer der Ventileinheit 5 eine Rolle. Auch die Anfangs- und Minimalkonzentration A, M des Löschmittels 16 im Raum 13 sind vom Design des Raums 13 abhängig. Schließlich müssen die Steuereinheit 4, die Messeinheit 6 sowie die Ventileinheit 5 unabhängig von einer standardmäßigen Energieversorgung auch im Brandfall jederzeit mit elektrischer Energie versorgbar ausgebildet sein, um die Sicherheit der Brandbekämpfung mittels der Feuerlöscheinrichtung 1 zu gewährleisten.In order to be able to carry out the calculation of the required opening duration of the valve unit 5, it is firstly necessary to know the density and the viscosity of the extinguishing agent 16 in all operating states of the fire extinguishing device 1 and store in the data processing unit. On the other hand, it is necessary to determine the averaged mass flow and the pressure loss of the extinguishing agent 16 in the entire pipeline system 10 and to have it available in the data processing unit. In addition, the size and geometry of the space 13 to be protected from fire also play a role in the calculation of the opening duration of the valve unit 5. The initial and minimum concentrations A, M of the extinguishing agent 16 in the space 13 are dependent on the design of the space 13. Finally, the control unit 4, the measuring unit 6 and the valve unit 5, regardless of a standard power supply in case of fire at any time be supplied with electrical energy to ensure the safety of firefighters by means of the fire extinguishing device 1.

Dadurch, dass die Abgabe des Löschmittels 16 aus dem zweiten Löschmitteibehälter 3 wie beschrieben zeitlich nur intermittierend erfolgt, wird einer Vereisung der Feuerlöscheinrichtung 1 durch tiefe Temperaturen infolge einer dauernden, starken Expansion des Löschmittels 16 vorgebeugt. Da im Vergleich zu den Feuerlöscheinrichtungen nach Maßgabe des Standes der Technik auch kein Druckreduzierer vorhanden bzw. erforderlich ist, kann dieser nicht vereisen und/oder auch nicht durch unerwünschte Begleitstoffe des Löschmittels 16 verstopfen, sodass ein Systemausfall der erfindungsgemäßen Feuerlöscheinrichtung 1 weitgehend vermieden wird und ein sicherer Betrieb gewährleistet ist.Due to the fact that the delivery of the extinguishing agent 16 from the second extinguishing agent tank 3 takes place only intermittently in terms of time, icing of the extinguisher 1 is prevented by low temperatures as a result of continuous, strong expansion of the extinguishing agent 16. As compared to the fire extinguishing equipment according to the prior art, no pressure reducer is present or required, this can not freeze and / or clogged by unwanted impurities of the extinguishing agent 16 so that a system failure of the fire extinguishing device 1 according to the invention is largely avoided and a safe operation is guaranteed.

In der Fig. 2 ist der typische zeitliche Verlauf einer Löschmittelkonzentration L in dem vor Feuer zu schützenden Raum 13 dargestellt. In einem Zeitpunkt t1 bricht beispielsweise ein Brand in dem vor Feuer zu schützenden Raum 13 aus. Bereits in einem Zeitpunkt t2 ist eine hohe Anfangslöschmittelkonzentration A in dem vor Feuer zu schützenden Raum 13 erreicht, die zu einer unverzüglichen Unterdrückung des Brandes führt. Das schnelle Erreichen der Anfangslöschmittelkonzentration A im Raum 13 wird durch das ungedrosselte Entströmen des Löschmittels 16 aus dem ersten Löschmittelbehälter 2 erreicht. Der vor Feuer zu schützende Raum 13 wird mit dem Löschmittel 16 sozusagen "geflutet". Bis zu einem Zeitpunkt t3 sinkt die Löschmittelkonzentration L im Raum 13 dann wieder stetig ab, weil die Ventileinheit 5 gesteuert von der Steuereinheit 4 den Zufluss des Löschmittels 16 aus dem zweiten Löschmittelbehälter 3 noch unterbindet und sich das Löschmittel 16 aus dem Raum 13 verflüchtigt. Sinkt jedoch die Löschmittelkonzentration L unter einen kritischen Wert der Minimallöschmittelkonzentration M, so wird die Ventileinheit 5 mittels der Steuereinheit 4 geöffnet und das Löschmittel 16 strömt wieder in den Raum 13, bis eine ausreichende Unterdrückungslöschmittelkonzentration U zur sicheren Unterdrückung des Feuers in dem vor Feuer zu schützenden Raum 13 erreicht ist. Bis zu der Minimallöschmittelkonzentration M ist ein Wiederaufflammen des Brandes in dem vor Feuer zu schützenden Raum 13 nicht möglich.In the Fig. 2 the typical time course of an extinguishing agent concentration L in the space 13 to be protected from fire is shown. At a time t 1 , for example, a fire breaks out in the room 13 to be protected from fire. Already at a time t 2 , a high initial extinguishing agent concentration A is reached in the room 13 to be protected from fire, which leads to an immediate suppression of the fire. The rapid achievement of the initial extinguishing agent concentration A in the space 13 is achieved by the unthrottled outflow of the extinguishing agent 16 from the first extinguishing agent tank 2. The space 13 to be protected from fire is, as it were, "flooded" with the extinguishing agent 16. Up to a time t 3 , the extinguishing agent concentration L in the room 13 then drops steadily again, because the valve unit 5 controlled by the control unit 4, the inflow of the extinguishing agent 16 from the second extinguishing agent tank 3 still prevents and the extinguishing agent 16 from the Room 13 volatilizes. However, when the extinguishing agent concentration L falls below a critical value of the minimum extinguishing agent concentration M, the valve unit 5 is opened by the control unit 4 and the extinguishing agent 16 flows back into the space 13 until a sufficient suppression extinguishing agent concentration U for safely suppressing the fire in the fire to be protected Room 13 is reached. Up to the minimum extinguishing agent concentration M, a re-ignition of the fire in the room 13 to be protected from fire is not possible.

Für den Fall, dass die Feuerlöscheinrichtung 1 beispielsweise zur Brandbekämpfung innerhalb eines Frachtraumes in einem Luftfahrzeug eingesetzt ist, wiederholt sich der vorstehend geschilderte Ablauf solange, bis das Luftfahrzeug sicher gelandet ist. Dann kann die Bodenfeuerwehr die weitere Bekämpfung des Brandes übernehmen. Hierbei ist allerdings zu bemerken, dass die erfindungsgemäße Feuerlöscheinrichtung 1 keinesfalls auf die Anwendung in Luftfahrzeugen beschränkt ist. Die erfindungsgemäße Feuerlöscheinrichtung 1 kann beispielsweise auch zur Brandbekämpfung in geschlossenen Räumen jeder Art eingesetzt werden, in denen Güter oder dergleichen eingelagert sind. Denkbar ist auch eine Anwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Feuerlöscheinrichtung 1 im Zusammenhang mit Kraftfahrzeugen jeder Art.In the event that the fire-extinguishing device 1 is used, for example, for firefighting within a hold in an aircraft, the above-described sequence is repeated until the aircraft has landed safely. Then the ground fire brigade can take over the further fight against the fire. It should be noted, however, that the fire extinguishing device 1 according to the invention is by no means limited to use in aircraft. The fire extinguishing device 1 according to the invention can also be used, for example, for firefighting in enclosed spaces of any kind in which goods or the like are stored. Also conceivable is an application of the fire extinguishing device 1 according to the invention in connection with motor vehicles of any kind.

Nach Maßgabe eines weiteren in der Darstellung der Fig. 1 nicht näher dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Feuerlöscheinrichtung 1 sind mehr als zwei Löschmittelbehälter vorgesehen, die sämtlich an ein Rohrleitungssystem angeschlossen sind, sodass sich der Inhalt der Löschmittelbehälter in das Rohrleitungssystem entleeren kann. Hierbei ist wiederum mindestens einer der Löschmittelbehälter mit der Filtereinheit 7, der Messeinheit 6 sowie der Ventileinheit 5 versehen, die mittels der Steuereinheit 4 die intermittierende Abgabe des Löschmittels 16 in das Rohrleitungssystem bzw. in den vor Feuer zu schützenden Raum 13 unter hohem Druck ermöglicht.According to another in the presentation of Fig. 1 not shown embodiment of the fire extinguishing device 1 according to the invention more than two extinguishing agent containers are provided, all of which are connected to a piping system, so that the contents of the extinguishing agent can empty into the piping system. Here again, at least one of the extinguishing agent container with the filter unit 7, the measuring unit 6 and the valve unit 5 is provided, which allows the intermittent release of the extinguishing agent 16 in the piping system or in the space to be protected from fire 13 under high pressure by means of the control unit 4.

Nach Maßgabe des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens strömt zunächst aus dem ersten Löschmittelbehälter 2, der über keine von der Steuereinheit 4 kontrollierte Ventileinheit verfügt, das Löschmittel 16 ungehindert in den vor Feuer zu schützenden Raum 13, bis im Raum 13 die Anfangslöschmittelkonzentration A erreicht ist, die zur schnellen Unterdrückung des Brandes führt. Anschließend wird aus dem zweiten Löschmittelbehälter 3 Löschmittel 16 von der Steuereinheit 4 gesteuert mittels der Ventileinheit 5 periodisch und unter hohem Druck in den Raum 13 abgegeben, sodass die Minimallöschmittelkonzentration M im vor Feuer zu schützenden Raum 13 zu keinem Zeitpunkt unterschritten wird und ein Wiederaufflammen des Brandes verhindert wird.In accordance with the method according to the invention initially flows from the first extinguishing agent container 2, which has no controlled by the control unit 4 valve unit, the extinguishing agent 16 unhindered in the fire to be protected room 13 until the space 13, the initial extinguishing agent concentration A is reached, the rapid suppression of the fire leads. Subsequently, extinguishing agent 16 controlled by the control unit 4 by means of the valve unit 5 is discharged from the second extinguishant container 3 periodically and under high pressure into the space 13 so that the minimum extinguishing agent concentration M in the room 13 to be protected from fire is never undershot and the fire re-ignites is prevented.

Die Frequenz der Öffnungen der Ventileinheit 5 bleibt entsprechend zu den vorstehenden Ausführungen im Rahmen der Beschreibung des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Feuerlöscheinrichtung 1 konstant. Die Öffnungsdauer der Ventileinheit 5 wird in Abhängigkeit von dem Druck und der Temperatur des Löschmittels 16 im Bereich der Messeinheit 6 von der Steuereinheit 4 in Entsprechung zu den vorstehenden Ausführungen im Zusammenhang mit der Beschreibung der erfindungsgemäßen Feuerlöscheinrichtung 1 variiert. Alternativ ist wiederum eine Variation der Frequenz der Öffnungen der Ventileinheit 5 möglich, wobei dann die jeweilige Dauer der Öffnungszeiten der Ventileinheit 5 von der Steuereinheit 4 konstant gehalten wird.The frequency of the openings of the valve unit 5 remains constant in accordance with the above statements in the context of the description of the first embodiment of the fire extinguishing device 1 according to the invention. The opening time of the valve unit 5 is varied depending on the pressure and the temperature of the extinguishing agent 16 in the region of the measuring unit 6 of the control unit 4 in accordance with the above statements in connection with the description of the fire extinguishing device 1 according to the invention. Alternatively, in turn, a variation of the frequency of the openings of the valve unit 5 is possible, in which case the respective duration of the opening times of the valve unit 5 is kept constant by the control unit 4.

Auch das Verfahren ist nicht auf die Verwendung von zwei Löschmittelbehältern beschränkt, sondern lässt den Einsatz einer beliebigen Anzahl von Löschmittelbehältern zu, die an ein gemeinsames Rohrleitungssystem angeschlossen sind. Mindestens einem Löschmittelbehälter ist dabei zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wiederum die die Ventileinheit 5 kontrollierende Steuereinheit 4 sowie die Filtereinheit 7 und die Messeinheit 6 zugeordnet.Also, the method is not limited to the use of two extinguishing agent containers, but allows the use of any number of extinguishing agent containers, which are connected to a common piping system. At least one extinguishing agent container is in turn assigned the control unit 4 controlling the valve unit 5 as well as the filter unit 7 and the measuring unit 6 for carrying out the method according to the invention.

Claims (4)

  1. Apparatus (1) for extinguishing a fire, in particular for fire-fighting in cargo compartments in aircraft, with at least two extinguishing agent containers (2, 3) for holding a extinguishing agent (16) and a filter unit (7) located downstream from the second extinguishing agent container (3), wherein the extinguishing agent (16) in the extinguishing agent containers (2, 3) is dischargeable via a pipe system (10) with outlet nozzles to a source of fire and the extinguishing agent (16) from the second extinguishing agent container (3) is providable to the pipe system (10) in a controlled manner by a control unit (4) wherein the extinguishing agent (16) is a gas which can be liquefied under slight overpressure and which changes to a gaseous state at atmospheric pressure, and the extinguishing agent (16) leaves the first extinguishing agent container (2), which first extinguishing agent container (2) does not comprise a valve unit (5) controlled by the control unit (4), unrestrained until emptying of this container, such that in the space (13) to be protected from fire an initial extinguishing agent concentration (A) is established for suppressing the fire, characterized in that the extinguishing agent (16) from the second extinguishing agent container (3) is dischargeable periodically by means of the control unit (4), which control unit (4) controls the valve unit (5), wherein the temperature of the extinguishing agent (16) and the pressure of the extinguishing agent (16) in the second extinguishing agent container (3) are measureable by means of a sensing unit (6) and the time duration of the discharge of the extinguishing agent (16) from the second extinguishing agent container (3) is variable by means of the control unit (4) according to the temperature and/or the pressure of the extinguishing agent (16) being in the range of the sensing unit (6), such that in the space (13) to be protected from fire a minimum extinguish agent concentration (M) is never under-run, to avoid a recurrence of the fire.
  2. Apparatus (1) for extinguishing a fire according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit (4) controls an electrically controllable valve and the extinguishing agent (16) is providable under pressure to the pipe system (10).
  3. Apparatus (1) for extinguishing a fire according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the apparatus (1) for extinguishing a fire comprises three or more extinguishing agent containers, wherein the valve unit (5) which is controlled by the control unit (4) is assigned to at least one extinguishing agent container.
  4. Apparatus (1) for extinguishing a fire according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sensing unit (6) comprises a temperature sensor (21) and a pressure sensor (22).
EP04030216A 2003-12-24 2004-12-21 Fire extinguishing device and method in particular for cargo spaces in aircrafts Not-in-force EP1547651B1 (en)

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JP2005185835A (en) 2005-07-14
US7434628B2 (en) 2008-10-14
DE10361020A1 (en) 2005-08-04
DE10361020B4 (en) 2010-09-30
ATE521390T1 (en) 2011-09-15
EP1547651A1 (en) 2005-06-29
US20050139366A1 (en) 2005-06-30

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