EP1535288B1 - Element structural d'optique neutronique pour la technique de mesure par diffusion de neutrons a petit angle - Google Patents

Element structural d'optique neutronique pour la technique de mesure par diffusion de neutrons a petit angle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1535288B1
EP1535288B1 EP03750298A EP03750298A EP1535288B1 EP 1535288 B1 EP1535288 B1 EP 1535288B1 EP 03750298 A EP03750298 A EP 03750298A EP 03750298 A EP03750298 A EP 03750298A EP 1535288 B1 EP1535288 B1 EP 1535288B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
neutron
apertures
optical component
grid
component according
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EP03750298A
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German (de)
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EP1535288A2 (fr
Inventor
Ferenc Mezei
Daniel Clemens
Lounis Mokrani
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Hahn Meitner Institut Berlin GmbH
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Hahn Meitner Institut Berlin GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
    • G21K1/02—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators
    • G21K1/025—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators using multiple collimators, e.g. Bucky screens; other devices for eliminating undesired or dispersed radiation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a neutron-optical component for the neutron small-angle scattering measurement technique with multiple, in the extension of the neutron beam from the neutron source to the measurement sample, the small-angle beam scattering is detected by a detector, held in support elements Lochamin apertures made of a neutron-absorbing material, each having at least one active aperture to reduce the beam divergence.
  • neutron-optical components are components for guiding, for deflecting and for selectively influencing a neutron beam, in particular a cold neutron beam, referred to. They are used in measurement setups for neutron small-angle scanning measurement technology. In order to be able to perform special measurements, the neutrons must have certain properties, for example a specific energy (equivalent to speed), divergence or focusing on the measuring location, which are brought about by the neutron-optical components.
  • SANS Small angle neutron scattering
  • a so-called “collimator” is used as neutron-optical component in the measuring instrument.
  • a layer collimator which is made up of packages of alternating neutron-reflecting and neutron-absorbing films
  • a “shutter collimator” which is an aperture system comparable to the optical system with slotted or perforated apertures.
  • the diaphragm collimators normally used in the SANS are simple pinhole diaphragms which have a central or multiple apertures of 1 cm to 2 cm in diameter arranged in a circulation circle in a disk of a neutron-absorbing material.
  • pinhole diaphragms are mounted in a carrier element and are arranged in the beam path of the neutron beam. They generally have a distance of between 2m and 16m from each other.
  • Such pinhole diaphragms are in the prior art, for example, in the "LOQ diffractometer" of the English ISIS system (see http://www.isis.rl.ac.uk/largescale/LOQ/images/Loq.gif, as of 21.08.2002) or in the SANS spectrometer "Yellow Submarine” (see http://www.iki.kfki.hu/nuclear/bnc/instruments/instr_sans.html, as of 19.08.2002).
  • two pinhole diaphragms are used.
  • a plurality of aperture apertures different in diameter are arranged on a circulating circuit, which can be rotated into the neutron beam as required, so that only one aperture is always active.
  • One pinhole is located in the beginning, the other in the end of the extension of the neutron beam between the neutron source and sample. The divergence of the neutron beam is reduced by passing neutrons through the aperture only. Beyond the apertures, the neutron-absorbing material that makes up the apertured diaphragms destroys those neutrons whose trajectories are not in the desired divergence cone.
  • the combined reflectometry and small-angle scattering system KSW3 with focusing mirror is known (see http://www.fz-juelich.de/iff/institute/ism/pictures/poster.jpg .Stand 21.08.2002).
  • a toroidal mirror with a multiplicity of curved mirror layers is used as the focusing neutron optical component 2, which focuses the neutron beam in several planes through the sample to a point in the detector plane.
  • a pinhole for reducing the beam divergence is arranged, which has a variable between 1 mm 2 and 100 mm 2 aperture.
  • focusing neutron optical components include refractive lenses, magnetic lenses or curved crystals.
  • the resulting focus is dependent on neutron velocity in these neutron optical devices, which adversely affects their use on gauges utilizing a broad velocity distribution.
  • These are, for example, the neutron instruments operating according to the time-of-flight principle, as they mainly work on the neutron sources of the newer generation, the spallation neutron sources. Here it is important to use every pulse as completely as possible.
  • Refractive lenses extend for many centimeters along the neutron beam. This leads to intensity losses for suitable materials. Reflective or refractive working neutron optical components contribute by their own scattering characteristic, which results because they are not ideal in the rule, disadvantageous to the scattering pattern.
  • the neutron beam in continuous and pulsed form has neutrons of different speeds.
  • neutrons of the same velocity can thus be termed "monochrome neutrons". Therefore, in order to be able to provide only neutrons of a wavelength band for a measurement, a speed selection is necessary. This is done with a speed selector, as it is known for example from KWS3 ago. This is a neutron-optical component with a rotating drum along which absorber fans with a coiled course are arranged. The standing drum is neutron impermeable because there is no clear view through the material free channels between the coiled compartments. However, during rotation, neutrons pass through these channels at a suitable rate. This known speed selector is relatively expensive to produce.
  • a neutron spectrometer in which a neutron detector is arranged behind the irradiated sample.
  • This has two axially displaceable pinhole, each with a square aperture.
  • the pinhole apertures do not serve to divide the neutron beam into a plurality of convergent partial beams, but rather to limit the divergence of the neutron beam which has already passed through the sample. Stray radiation is thus suppressed by the pinhole.
  • the two pinhole can be moved axially, so that a divergence limitation adapted to the detector surface is achieved in order to minimize the intensity reduction through the pinhole.
  • Each pinhole has a constant number m of active apertures with a decreasing size towards the sample to produce a number m of sub-beams of the neutron beam reduced in their beam divergence, all of the sub-beams being focused on the detector, so that the component simultaneously acts as a focusing collimator is working.
  • baffles are arranged to absorb scattered radiation.
  • the apertures known from the publications have relatively large, round apertures, which are imaged on the sample as an irregular intensity pattern, whereby the sample is irradiated unevenly (generation of less than 19 partial beams).
  • the baffles and the relatively large webs between the individual apertures reduce the intensity of the neutron beam.
  • the distance between the individual pinholes decreases in the direction of the sample, whereby the divergent beam guidance is not reliably ensured precisely in the region of the still strongly diverging neutron beam behind the neutron source due to the relatively large distance between the pinhole diaphragms.
  • the apertures for forming the partial beams are each arranged on a straight line, whereby no monochromatic neutrons of a speed and thus no static neutron beam can be detected, since the neutrons are subject to gravity and their trajectory describes a parabola.
  • the neutron-optical component from the first-mentioned publication is therefore only suitable for pulsed neutron beams in which neutrons of all speeds must be used for intensity maximization.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a generic neutron-optical component is available, which achieves an undisturbed measurement resolution.
  • a generic neutron-optical component is available, which achieves an undisturbed measurement resolution.
  • the neutron optical component according to the invention should be able to take on further beam-influencing functions, in particular those of beam focusing and speed selection. A use for both continuous and pulsed neutron beams should be possible.
  • the neutron-optical component according to the invention should be relatively simple in its construction and in its technical feasibility.
  • the neutron-optical component according to the invention has pinhole apertures in the form of grid apertures.
  • the apertures which are greatly reduced in comparison to known apertures, with a consequent substantial reduction in the beam divergence, a particularly high resolution is achieved in the irradiation of the test sample.
  • the drastic intensity loss associated with a simple reduction in aperture is avoided by the neutron beam provided by the neutron source being formed by the sieve-like configuration of the apertured apertures in the form of lattice apertures with a large variety of apertures small apertures is divided into a corresponding number of partial beams.
  • Each sub-beam representing a separate channel is continuously directed through all associated apertures on all grid apertures and thereby continuously improved in its divergence.
  • a large irradiation area on the measurement sample is irradiated with great intensity. It is possible to enlarge the illuminated test sample area by a factor of 10 to 100 compared to a conventional single-channel system. In this case, the intensity of the neutron beam is hardly reduced, the provided neutrons are well used, which is particularly advantageous for a pulsed neutron beam.
  • the individual partial beams are focused on the detector location, so that with the invention, a focusing collimator is realized. Focusing takes place by means of a corresponding guidance of the bundle of all individual beam channels, which leads to the focus.
  • the measure for the reduction depends on the convergence cone formed by the entire measuring instrument. This basically determines the overall structure of the collimator according to the invention with regard to the number and spacing of the individual grid apertures and the number, spacing and size of the apertures.
  • a change in the divergence cone accordingly also requires a change in the collimator design.
  • the divergence cone starts with the beam cross section of the neutron beam provided by the neutron source and ends in the ideally punctiform detector location.
  • the length of the divergence cone is determined by the length of extension between the initial neutron beam and the detector location in the measuring instrument.
  • the measurement sample is positioned in the convergence cone according to the desired transmission area. After the set of rays, the required reduction for the individual apertures is thus calculated as a function of the position of the respective pinhole in the convergence cone. A computer-aided calculation is helpful in parameter determination.
  • the number of grid apertures used depends on the path length of the neutron beam in the measuring instrument. For example, twenty grid apertures may be arranged in the beam path in a compact dimensioned structure (for example 2 m). Important in the selection of the number is the guarantee of the leadership of the individual partial beams, which is given by the distance of the apertures in the individual lattice apertures and the respective absorption in the surrounding webs. Since there is still a relatively large divergence of the partial beams in the initial region of the neutron beam, a sufficient beam guidance can advantageously be achieved here by a relatively dense arrangement of the grid apertures can be achieved. With increasing divergence, the distance between the individual lattice apertures in the direction of the test sample can then be increased.
  • the grid apertures may be formed as a grid frame with square apertures.
  • Such lattice frames which may consist in particular of cadmium that absorbs neutrons well, are simple components whose square apertures in rows and columns are considerably easier to manufacture than round apertures.
  • the dimensioning of the required absorbent webs and the reduction of the individual apertures in the course of the divergence cone is easily calculated numerically and feasible.
  • the neutron optical component according to the invention the measurement resolution of the measuring instrument can thus be freely adjusted within wide ranges by an appropriate choice of the number n of lattice apertures and the number m of apertures for channel formation.
  • the neutron-optical component in the function as a focusing collimator, consists of an arrangement of a plurality of grating diaphragms which allow only beam progressions which converge on the same location in the detection plane.
  • Each channel is assigned a specific aperture in each grid aperture.
  • the successive row of grid apertures then defines the individual channel or the convergent profile of the individual partial beams into the focus in the detection plane.
  • the louvre apertures it is necessary for the louvre apertures to be aligned exactly with respect to their apertures in the beam path of the neutron beam. This exact alignment of the lattice apertures along or for the determination of the beam path is achieved with the aid of the carrier elements which support the lattice apertures.
  • the neutron optical device according to the invention fulfills two essential functions in SANS measurement technology and presents itself as a multifunctional device with a great compactness and simplicity of manufacture. Elaborate rotating speed selectors, as known from the prior art, are not required ,
  • the vertical alignment of the lattice panels is to distinguish between the static and the dynamic case.
  • the apertures of the mesh panels are permanently aligned on a predetermined parabolic path.
  • the vertical translational units make it possible to precisely align the respective grid apertures on the conceivable parabolic paths.
  • neutrons flying on the adjusted parabolic path in the entire neutron beam reach the test sample at any time.
  • the apertures defining a partial beam become all n lattice apertures arranged on the parabolic path at least in a time interval given by the time of flight monochromatic neutrons.
  • the term "at least” is interpreted here in the sense of a permanent alignment on a single parabolic trajectory.
  • the mesh apertures or their apertures pass through a multiplicity of imaginable parabolic webs. In this case, when setting each parabolic trajectory, a certain time delay along the neutron trajectory in the measuring instrument can be taken into account.
  • the aperture apertures on the parabolic trajectory of monochrome neutrons lie in a time interval given by the time of flight of other monochrome neutrons by corresponding local displacement of the grid apertures whose parabolic lanes are lying.
  • monochrome neutrons of different speeds are collimated and focused.
  • the implementation of prescribed movement periods for the entire neutron optical component according to the invention with all lattice diaphragms, such as For example, it requires the gravitational situation described below, can be achieved by an electronically controlled movement of the grid apertures. Therefore, it is advantageous if the displacement of the grid apertures takes place via a corresponding time control of drive units of the vertical translation units or of the carrier rails holding them.
  • the drive units required for the displacements may be adjusting screws (micrometer screws) moved by controlled servomotors, stepper motor driven adjusting screws, piezoelectric actuators or any other electronically programmable motion system.
  • the entire component or the carrier elements of the grid apertures can advantageously be mounted on springs so that its natural frequency is close to the clock frequency. In this case, it is also a task for the electronic control, during the active phase to transform the sinusoidal movements, the vibrating base for the lattice apertures in a parabolic motion with constant acceleration.
  • the effective in the neutron optical device according to the invention effective gravity is changed by the lattice diaphragms are moved during the neutron passage in the vertical direction with an acceleration A. After a period of uniform acceleration, reverse acceleration becomes effective to return the grille shutters to their original position.
  • the magnitude of the acceleration A determines the selection sharpness of the desired velocity band.
  • the lattice apertures After 20 ms, the lattice apertures reach their highest position, which is 1.962 mm above the initial position, and in the remaining 20 ms of the free-fall phase they fall back to the starting position. In the next 20 ms, its speed is reversed so that the cycle can begin again, traversing its lowest position, which is 0.981 mm below the starting position.
  • FIG. 1 shows the neutron-optical component 1 according to the invention for the neutron small-angle scanning measuring technique in a side view.
  • the extension length 2 of the neutron optical component 1 from the provision of a neutron beam, which takes place in the illustrated embodiment from the right to the test sample is mainly defined by a high-precision carrier rail 3. It can be a length of for example 2 m up 20 m.
  • a number n of support elements 4 are arranged in the guide groove of the support rail 3 .
  • n 20.
  • the carrier elements 4 are vertical translation units 5 with a particularly high positioning accuracy, for example in one embodiment as micrometer screws. These are set to a fixed value in the static application for a continuous neutron beam.
  • n 20 mesh screens 7 are present.
  • a mesh screen 7 is shown in the view at the beginning and at the end of the neutron optical component 1 .
  • all lattice apertures 7 are aligned on a straight beam axis.
  • the orientation on one or more parabolic lanes for speed selection of the monochrome neutrons whereby the neutron optical device 1 according to the invention operates not only as a focusing collimator, but also as a speed selector.
  • the distance between the grid apertures 7 is dependent on the extension length 2 and the guarantee of an optical guidance of the neutron beam.
  • the carrier elements 4 Due to the close spacing of the carrier elements 4 in the initial region, it makes sense to the drive elements 6 associated with the carrier elements 4 for the dynamic case to achieve the broadband , which can be connected at right angles with these alternately to both sides of the support elements 4, which also alternately two parallel carrier rails 3, 8 may be arranged to align.
  • FIG. 2 shows the neutron-optical component 1 according to the invention from the front from the direction of the incident neutron beam, that is to say from the right in FIG. 1 .
  • the parallel carrier rail 3, 8 are shown.
  • the first support member 4 is oriented to the left, which carries in the upper region via a support frame 9, the first mesh panel 7 .
  • the carrier element 4 which is oriented to the right on the rail 8, carries the second grid aperture, which lies exactly behind the first grid aperture 7 and therefore can not be seen in FIG .
  • Both carrier elements 4 shown have in the lower region carrier carriages 10 , via which they can be positioned along the carrier rails 3, 8 and knurled screws 11 are fixable.
  • the carrier elements 4 are connected to the electrically controllable drive units 6 for the vertical adjustment of the grid apertures 7 .
  • the support frame 9 has at the bottom of a thumbscrew 12 for fine adjustment of the mesh panel 7 . This is executed in the illustrated embodiment as a grid frame 13 with square apertures 14 .
  • Each partial beam is increasingly converged in the course of all the lattice frames 13 or lattice apertures 7 and focused on the detector location.
  • the apertures 14 in the lattice frame 13 according to FIG. 3 are in this example the largest (2 mm ⁇ 2 mm).
  • the horizontal and vertical web width here is 0, 6 mm.
  • the smallest apertures. 14 (1 mm x 1 mm) are located in the lattice frame 13 on the output side (left side) of the neutron optical component 1 according to Figure 4.
  • the web width is still 0.3 mm.
  • the decrease in size of the individual apertures 14 and web widths can be seen.
  • This reduction which corresponds to a narrowing of the individual channels and thus an improvement in their convergence, is dependent on the position of the lattice frames 13 (or lattice apertures 7) in the convergence cone of the neutron optical component 1 according to the invention to achieve a high degree of convergence through the apertures 14 , Partial beams formed.
  • the absolute number of apertures 14 depends on the desired irradiation area on the test sample, which should be as large as possible, and on the achievable divergence reduction.
  • the grid aperture number i is listed in the first column.
  • the absolute position pos of the grating diaphragms from the start side (right) of the neutron optical component according to the invention is indicated in mm in the second column.
  • the occurring divergence div is the third column as a relative factor.
  • Significantly, their reduction can be seen as the position of the lattice panels progresses.
  • the opening diameter open of the square apertures is listed in mm in the fourth column. This decreases continuously from 2 mm to 1 mm.
  • the fifth column shows the reduction factor redf associated with the reduction. Such sizing can easily be performed using computer-aided calculation programs for any parameter constellations.
  • the neutron-optical component according to the invention works not only as a focusing collimator, but also as a velocity selector.
  • the gravitational force that affects the course of the parabolic orbits of the neutrons is utilized.
  • the conversion of the speed selection for a neutron-optical component with an exemplary selected transmission of square apertures of 3 mm to 1, 5 mm over an extension length of 15 m is shown in the velocity diagram of Figure 6 with a plot of trans trans over the wavelength wav .
  • the left and right half curves each belong to different wavelength bands, that is to say different positions of the grid apertures on two different parabolic paths.
  • a specific wavelength band can be selected (applies to the static case of the continuous neutron beam, in the dynamic case of the pulsed neutron beam, all wavelengths occurring in the neutron beam are continuously and cyclically traversed in accelerated motion).
  • the neutron optical component is therefore easily adjustable in its design parameters.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Elément structural d'optique neutronique pour la technique de mesure par diffusion de neutrons à petit angle avec un nombre (n) de diaphragmes à trous garantissant le guidage du faisceau,
    l'écartement des diaphragmes est variable l'un par rapport à l'autre,
    les diaphragmes sont maintenus dans des éléments de support dans l'étendue du faisceau neutronique depuis la source de neutrons jusqu'à la sonde de mesure,
    la diffusion du faisceau à petit angle est captée par un détecteur avec chaque fois un nombre (m) constant d'ouvertures actives du diaphragme, de dimension allant en diminuant dans la direction de la sonde de mesure, produit un nombre (m) de faisceaux partiels du faisceau neutronique , à divergence de faisceau réduite, tous les faisceaux partiels étant mis au point sur le détecteur,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les diaphragmes à trous sont des diaphragmes en grille (7) absorbant les neutrons, constitués d'un cadre de diaphragme (13) avec des barres de grille d'une largeur allant de 0,3 mm à 0,6 mm et des ouvertures carrées (14) allant de 1 mm à 2 mm, dont l'écartement de l'un par rapport à l'autre augmente en direction de la sonde de mesure, et
    les ouvertures de diaphragme (14) de tous les (n) diaphragmes en grille (7) définissant un faisceau partiel sont disposées dans un intervalle de temps donné par le temps de vol des neutrons monochromes sur le trajet parabolique de ceux-ci.
  2. Elément structural d'optique neutronique selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les ouvertures de diaphragme (14) sont réalisées selon des techniques de fabrication contrôlées par ordinateur avec une haute précision de fabrication de l'ordre de ± 0,02 mm.
  3. Elément structural d'optique neutronique selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé par
    des cadres de grilles (13) en cadmium.
  4. Elément structural d'optique neutronique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les éléments de support (4) des diaphragmes en grille (7) sont des unités verticales de translation (5) ayant une haute précision de réglage.
  5. Elément structural d'optique neutronique selon la revendication 4,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les unités verticales de translation (5) sont des éléments de réglage à vis micrométriques ou des actionneurs piézoélectriques.
  6. Elément structural d'optique neutronique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les ouvertures de diaphragme (14) situées sur le trajet parabolique de neutrons monochromes, dans un intervalle de temps donné par le temps de vol de ceux-ci, se situent dans d'autres intervalles de temps donnés par le temps de vol d'autres neutrons monochromes, par décalage local des diaphragmes en grille (7), sur les trajets paraboliques de ces neutrons.
  7. Elément structural d'optique neutronique selon la revendication 6,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les diaphragmes en grille (7) se déplacent continuellement sur les trajets paraboliques de tous les neutrons monochromes apparaissant dans le faisceau neutronique.
  8. Elément structural d'optique neutronique selon la revendication 7,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les diaphragmes en grille (7) se déplacent en oscillant entre le trajet parabolique le plus haut et le plus bas.
  9. Elément structural d'optique neutronique selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le décalage des diaphragmes en grille (7) s'effectuée au moyen d'une commande temporelle adéquate d'unités d'entraînement (6) des unités verticales de translation (5) ou de rails de support (3, 8) maintenant ces dernières.
  10. Elément structural d'optique neutronique selon la revendication 9,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les unités d'entraînement (6) sont des servomoteurs commandés, des vis de réglage mobiles des vis de réglage entraînées par moteur pas à pas ou sont des actionneurs piézoélectriques.
  11. Elément structural d'optique neutronique selon la revendication 9 ou 10,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le décalage des diaphragmes en grille (7) s'effectue en phases d'accélération définies temporellement.
  12. Elément structural d'optique neutronique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11,
    caractérisé par
    un logement élastique pour les éléments de support (4) des diaphragmes en grille (7).
EP03750298A 2002-08-25 2003-08-25 Element structural d'optique neutronique pour la technique de mesure par diffusion de neutrons a petit angle Expired - Lifetime EP1535288B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10239691A DE10239691B4 (de) 2002-08-25 2002-08-25 Neutronenoptisches Bauelement für die Neutronenkleinwinkelstreu-Messtechnik
DE10239691 2002-08-25
PCT/DE2003/002869 WO2004021365A2 (fr) 2002-08-25 2003-08-25 Element structural d'optique neutronique pour la technique de mesure par diffusion de neutrons a petit angle

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EP1535288A2 EP1535288A2 (fr) 2005-06-01
EP1535288B1 true EP1535288B1 (fr) 2007-04-18

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US (1) US7214948B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1535288B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2005536757A (fr)
AT (1) ATE360254T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2003269688A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10239691B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004021365A2 (fr)

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JP5320592B2 (ja) * 2009-03-18 2013-10-23 大学共同利用機関法人 高エネルギー加速器研究機構 中性子線の単色集光装置
CN106770400B (zh) * 2017-01-06 2023-08-15 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 一种用于小角中子散射谱仪的自动换样装置
CN106950236B (zh) * 2017-05-17 2023-06-13 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 一种用于中子小角散射谱仪快速定位样品位置的装置
WO2019017233A1 (fr) * 2017-07-19 2019-01-24 国立大学法人茨城大学 Élément optique à neutrons et source de neutrons
CN111812133B (zh) * 2020-07-16 2023-02-28 北京大学 一种可调节聚焦半径的单色器
CN112002455B (zh) * 2020-08-25 2022-09-02 北京大学 一种手动调节聚焦半径的单色器
CN112927834B (zh) * 2021-01-27 2022-11-22 散裂中子源科学中心 一种光阑结构及微小角中子散射谱仪

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DE8807886U1 (de) 1988-06-18 1988-08-25 Sigri GmbH, 8901 Meitingen Neutronenspektrometer
US5606167A (en) * 1994-07-11 1997-02-25 Miller; Thomas G. Contraband detection apparatus and method

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EP1535288A2 (fr) 2005-06-01
WO2004021365A3 (fr) 2004-08-19
US20050178972A1 (en) 2005-08-18
ATE360254T1 (de) 2007-05-15
DE10239691A1 (de) 2004-03-11
DE50307088D1 (de) 2007-05-31
AU2003269688A1 (en) 2004-03-19
US7214948B2 (en) 2007-05-08
DE10239691B4 (de) 2004-06-09
WO2004021365A2 (fr) 2004-03-11
JP2005536757A (ja) 2005-12-02

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