EP1526618A1 - Gleitfunkenzündkerze mit gerichtetem Funken - Google Patents

Gleitfunkenzündkerze mit gerichtetem Funken Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1526618A1
EP1526618A1 EP04300674A EP04300674A EP1526618A1 EP 1526618 A1 EP1526618 A1 EP 1526618A1 EP 04300674 A EP04300674 A EP 04300674A EP 04300674 A EP04300674 A EP 04300674A EP 1526618 A1 EP1526618 A1 EP 1526618A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
sleeve
spark plug
spark
lug
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04300674A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean Pierre Rivère
André LE NEZET
André AGNERAY
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Renault SAS
Original Assignee
Renault SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Renault SAS filed Critical Renault SAS
Publication of EP1526618A1 publication Critical patent/EP1526618A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/52—Sparking plugs characterised by a discharge along a surface

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spark plug for a cylinder head internal combustion engine, intended in particular to equip a motor vehicle. It also relates to a breech provided of such a candle.
  • the invention more particularly relates to a candle effect of surface, that is to say using the effects of amplification of the field in the vicinity of an insulating surface.
  • Document FR-2,816,119 describes a surface effect candle to direct the spark radially relative to the axis of the candle which prevents the candle from obscuring part of the room with spark.
  • FIG. 1 A model of surface candle described in this document is shown in Figure 1.
  • the candle is shaped to present a symmetry of revolution around its longitudinal axis. She understands a cylindrical electrode 1 electrically connected to ground, which serves as metal base. This base surrounds a high voltage electrode 2 of cylindrical shape arranged in central position.
  • the central electrode 2 is isolated from the base 1 via an insulating sleeve 3 of substantially cylindrical shape.
  • the lower end of the sleeve 3 has a circular flange shape 4 of greater diameter than rest of the sleeve.
  • the flange 4 cooperates on one of its sides with a counter electrode 5 in the form of a washer, which can be embedded in the sleeve, its opposite side having a surface 6 facing the combustion chamber.
  • the extreme part of the central electrode 2 has a radially flared shape 7 which crowns the sleeve 3.
  • the electrostatic field in the vicinity of surface 6 is then amplified by the counter electrode 5 connected to the ground electrode.
  • This candle is called radial spark surface candle in the as the spark is created on the surface 6 of the insulation, according to a direction substantially perpendicular to the axis of the candle.
  • flange-shaped part 4 of such a candle must have a low thickness to allow a good amplification of the field electrostatic on the surface of the insulation and a breakdown voltage low. This small thickness weakens it, which requires assembly accurate and low tolerance of machining parts to avoid the application of mechanical stresses on the collar.
  • the aim of the invention is to overcome these disadvantages by proposing a surface effect candle having a structure for directing spark in at least one predetermined direction while having better mechanical strength of the insulation.
  • the candle according to the invention may furthermore be manufactured at low cost with higher tolerances.
  • the candle according to the invention is particularly well adapted to an integrated use in the cylinder head, without however limit.
  • a first object of the invention relates to a candle ignition system for combustion engine cylinder head internal, having a central electrode surrounded by a sleeve insulation and a ground electrode surrounding the sleeve, said central electrode and said sleeve extending in one direction D, said sleeve ending on the side intended to be directed towards the cylinder head by a substantially flat end face along which a spark can propagate and which extends in a plane P crossed by the direction D, said candle being characterized in that the end of the central electrode protrudes from said end face of sleeve and is provided with at least one lug, each lug extending in a predetermined distinct direction E substantially parallel to the plane P, and in that it comprises at least one counter-electrode of elongate shape inserted in the insulating sleeve and connected to the ground, and one end of which is located substantially in line with a pin of the central electrode, so as to generate sufficient amplification of the electric field at the end of said pin to make
  • said at least one lug is in contact with said end face of the sleeve to reduce tension bursting of the candle.
  • the central electrode is connected to a terminal of positive polarity, so that's the ground electrode and not the insulator or the central electrode, which will wear out.
  • This choice of polarity allows also significantly reduce the breakdown voltage.
  • the electrode mass with a large volume compared to these, its wear will not affect the operation of the candle in the long run.
  • said at least one counter-electrode is substantially bar-shaped or wire-shaped and / or substantially parallel to a lug. This configuration makes it easier to insertion into the sleeve of the candle while further reducing the stresses exerted by the counter-electrode on the sleeve surrounding.
  • the portion of the sleeve bearing said face end is of asymmetrical shape and / or has a section of smaller dimensions relative to the rest of the sleeve. It is so possible to reduce the size of the candle, which allows the lodge more easily in cylinder heads with low volumes free.
  • said at least one lug has a shape elongated tapered towards its end. Such a form allows create a peak effect that promotes spark formation at the end ergot and limiting the wear of the latter.
  • the candle further comprises a metal base, said counter-electrode being shaped into the material which constitutes the pellet, and said at least one counterelectrode being in contact with, or partially embedded in, said material.
  • the counter-electrode is directly conformed in the material constituting the breech of the internal combustion engine, and said at least one counter-electrode being in contact with, or partially embedded in, said material.
  • Another object of the invention relates to a cylinder head for combustion of a motor vehicle, comprising at least one candle according to the invention, the geometry and / or the dimensions of the section of said end face of said at least one candle being selected in function of number and location of air injection lines and / or fuel present in the cylinder head.
  • the cylinder head comprises at minus one spark plug according to the invention, and each spark plug is oriented so that the direction (E) of at least one lug is directed to the air / fuel mixture, so that the spark spreads following the direction (E).
  • a candle 10 according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 3. It comprises a central electrode 11, on which will be applied a high voltage, surrounded by an insulating sleeve 12 consisting of a material whose dielectric coefficient is greater than one, for example ceramic.
  • the electrode 11 and the sleeve 12 extend in a same privileged direction D.
  • the sleeve 12 presents a symmetry of revolution whose axis is confused with the direction D.
  • the sleeve has an end face 13 substantially flat, along which the spark can spread.
  • This end face 13 extends in a plane P crossed by the direction D.
  • This plane P is perpendicular to the plane of the sheet of Figures 2 and 3.
  • the sleeve 12 presents an asymmetrically shaped portion 14.
  • This asymmetrical portion is example obtained by making indentations 15 in the walls side of the candle.
  • two indentations 15 are made, the section of the asymmetric portion 14 and the end face 13 having then substantially an acute triangle shape, the small side of the triangle being rounded ( Figures 5 to 7).
  • the section then presents a surface more small as the rest of the sleeve.
  • Such a reduction in the section of the sleeve has the advantage of reducing the bulk of the candle and to facilitate its insertion in a breech.
  • the central electrode 11 has a cylindrical rod shape whose lower end has a lug 16 which protrudes from the face end 13 of the sleeve ( Figures 2 to 4).
  • This lug 16 extends into a direction E secant direction D. It has a tapered shape towards its free end so as to limit its wear.
  • the central electrode 11 is inserted into the sleeve, for example during of its manufacture, so that the lug 16 is pressed against the face end 13 of the sleeve and thus extends substantially in the same plan as this one. In the example, it is directed to the acute angle of the end face 13 in the form of a triangle ( Figures 5 to 7).
  • the insulating sleeve 12 Near its end face 13, the insulating sleeve 12 has a counter-electrode 17, one end of which is located substantially perpendicular to the end of the lug 16, and the other end is connected to a ground electrode.
  • the counter-electrode 17 extends over the entire periphery of the sleeve, contrary, it suffices that it occupies only a small volume of the sleeve, provided that its end is substantially in line with the end of ergot.
  • the counter-electrode 17 has an elongated shape of small dimensions relative to the section of the sleeve. It is for example symmetrical, in the form of a cylindrical bar or wire of small diameter extending substantially parallel to the lug 16 at a distance d from the latter.
  • the dimensions of the counter-electrode are chosen according to the size and in order to reduce the mechanical stresses and to improve the stability of the spark. Its diameter can vary from a few microns to a few millimeters.
  • the distance d is not too high in order to limit the breakdown voltage, for example of the order of 1.5 to 2 mm for a breakdown voltage of the order of 18 kV under pressure.
  • the counter-electrode 17 can be inserted into the sleeve 12 either during the manufacture thereof, for example by overmoulding in the material forming the sleeve, either after manufacture by piercing a orifice in the wall of the sleeve adapted to receive it. Constraints mechanics are then localized around the weak counter-electrode dimensions.
  • the ground electrode is shaped in the material of the cylinder head 18 of the engine connected to the mass.
  • a free portion of the counter-electrode 17, projecting from sleeve, is embedded in the metal forming the cylinder head ( Figure 3). This configuration is for example obtained by overmolding the candle in the metal.
  • the electrode of mass can be shaped into a metal base overmolded on the candle, the counter-electrode 17 flush with the surface of the sleeve coming in contact with the base connected to the ground, or a protruding part of the counter-electrode being embedded in the metal of the base.
  • FIG. 5 represents a cylinder head 18 of a combustion engine comprising two candles 10 according to the invention.
  • the breech 18 is crossed by an air injection duct 19 and an injection duct of fuel 20 opening into the combustion chamber of the engine (not shown)
  • Each candle 10 is placed in the breech 18 of so that the end face 13 of the sleeve 12 opens into the combustion chamber of the engine. This end face 13 can indifferently protrude slightly from the breech or be flush.
  • the orientation of the candle in the breech is chosen so that the ergot 16 be directed to the air / fuel mixture jet.
  • the ducts 19, 20 and the 10 candles are distributed around the rim of the breech, both ducts and two candles facing each other respectively.
  • the spurs 16 respective candles are directed towards each other.
  • This configuration is intended in particular, but not limited to, a small spark ignition engine, for which the ignition function is often difficult to solve because of fouling due to carburetion defects and oil lifts.
  • surface effect candles have the advantage of allow the creation of spark even in case of fouling, the spark also having a tendency to clean the surface of the insulation on its passage by burning the deposits.
  • each candle that is to say the shape of the asymmetrical portion 14 of the sleeve, is chosen from so that the material thicknesses between the candles 10 and the ducts 19, 20 are sufficient to ensure the robustness of the breech 18 while minimizing the space occupied by the footprint of the candle.
  • the maximum electrostatic field is located in the space separates the ends of the pin 16 and the ground electrode 17, such that so that the spark can form at the end of the pin 16.
  • presence of the spark changes the architecture of the field lines electrostatic so that it will move parallel to the against electrode 17 away from the pin 16, along the surface of the end face 13.
  • the counter electrode 17 has a section sufficiently weak, the spark is stabilized in direction and in position in space, which allows him to occupy the same position in the combustion chamber at each ignition.
  • the electrode 11 is connected to a terminal of positive polarity, so that when of the application of high voltage, this is the ground electrode 18 and not the central electrode 11 which wears.
  • Figures 6 to 9 show examples of configuration of cylinder heads for engines having air injection ducts and fuel and candles according to the invention.
  • the breeches are represented on the side of their face facing the chamber of combustion.
  • Figure 6 shows a cylinder head with four valves per cylinder and five candles 10, intended, for example, for indirect injection of fuel.
  • Two air injection ducts 19 and two ducts fuel injection 20 are distributed around the perimeter of the cylinder head, four candles 10 being placed between the four ducts near the periphery of the breech and a candle 10 being placed in the center of the cylinder head.
  • the lugs 16 of the four peripheral candles are directed towards the center of the breech, while that of the central candle is directed to one of the peripheral candles.
  • This configuration is particularly interesting to reduce the constraints adaptation of the compression ratio compared to rattling: the multi ignition provides five flame fronts that reach the area combustion chamber device faster than in the case of a simple central ignition.
  • the central candle can possibly be removed, since peripheral ignition is generally sufficient.
  • An example of a multi-ignition system that can be used is for example described in the document FR-2 792 374.
  • the notches 15 of the end of the peripheral candles have a shape suitable for optimum use of the projected area of the chamber.
  • the central candle can have a classic symmetry of revolution depending on the space available.
  • FIG. 7 represents a breech 18 similar to that of FIG. 6, but further having a central injector 21 for injection direct fuel.
  • the lug of the central candle is then directed towards the central injector 21.
  • This central candle can also be suppressed for favorable adaptations of the jets of the injector 21.
  • FIG. 8 shows a breech configuration 18 for a combustion chamber with three valves per cylinder and four candles ignition.
  • Two air injection ducts 19 and an injection duct 20 are regularly distributed on the periphery of the cylinder head, three candles 10 being distributed between the ducts nearby the periphery of the breech, their lug 16 being directed towards the center of the breech, a fourth central candle with three pins directed to the three peripheral candles.
  • the section of the face end of the candle has a shape adapted to the size, substantially in the shape of a triangle whose tips are directed as the lugs towards the peripheral candles.
  • One, two or three counter electrodes 17 can then be provided as needed. This configuration can be used for a direct injection engine of fuel, it is favorable to small bores.
  • the candle according to the invention can be advantageously used for a classic arrangement of central candle, for a room of four-valve combustion per cylinder, as shown in Figure 9.
  • the cylinder head has two air injection ducts 19 and two fuel injection pipes 20, the spark plug 10 according to the invention being placed in the center of the breech.
  • the end face of this last presents a four-pointed star-shaped section, each branch being directed between two injection ducts.
  • the central electrode of the candle has four pins 16 each directed towards a tip of the end face.
  • These four lugs may each be associated with a counter electrode 17, so that the spark bursts indifferently into one of the four directions, or one, two or three ground electrode (s) can be put in place to favor one, two or three direction (s) of propagation of the spark.

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  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
EP04300674A 2003-10-24 2004-10-11 Gleitfunkenzündkerze mit gerichtetem Funken Withdrawn EP1526618A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0312478A FR2861509B1 (fr) 2003-10-24 2003-10-24 Bougie d'allumage a effet de surface a etincelle dirigee.
FR0312478 2003-10-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1526618A1 true EP1526618A1 (de) 2005-04-27

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Family Applications (1)

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EP04300674A Withdrawn EP1526618A1 (de) 2003-10-24 2004-10-11 Gleitfunkenzündkerze mit gerichtetem Funken

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP1526618A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2861509B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102105677A (zh) * 2008-06-05 2011-06-22 雷诺股份公司 对于内燃机火花塞的供电控制

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR712855A (fr) * 1931-02-28 1931-10-14 Perfectionnements aux bougies d'allumage
US2734143A (en) * 1956-02-07 Sparking plugs for internal combustion
US2981860A (en) * 1959-07-07 1961-04-25 Globeunion Inc Spark plugs
FR2792374A1 (fr) * 1999-04-15 2000-10-20 Renault Dispositif d'allumage pour moteur a combustion interne et bougie d'allumage pour sa mise en oeuvre
FR2816119A1 (fr) * 2000-10-27 2002-05-03 Renault Bougie a effet de surface a etincelle radiale

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2734143A (en) * 1956-02-07 Sparking plugs for internal combustion
FR712855A (fr) * 1931-02-28 1931-10-14 Perfectionnements aux bougies d'allumage
US2981860A (en) * 1959-07-07 1961-04-25 Globeunion Inc Spark plugs
FR2792374A1 (fr) * 1999-04-15 2000-10-20 Renault Dispositif d'allumage pour moteur a combustion interne et bougie d'allumage pour sa mise en oeuvre
FR2816119A1 (fr) * 2000-10-27 2002-05-03 Renault Bougie a effet de surface a etincelle radiale

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102105677A (zh) * 2008-06-05 2011-06-22 雷诺股份公司 对于内燃机火花塞的供电控制
CN102105677B (zh) * 2008-06-05 2014-01-22 雷诺股份公司 对于内燃机火花塞的供电控制

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2861509A1 (fr) 2005-04-29
FR2861509B1 (fr) 2006-03-03

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