EP1202411B1 - Gleitentladungszündkerze mit radialem Funken - Google Patents

Gleitentladungszündkerze mit radialem Funken Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1202411B1
EP1202411B1 EP20010402770 EP01402770A EP1202411B1 EP 1202411 B1 EP1202411 B1 EP 1202411B1 EP 20010402770 EP20010402770 EP 20010402770 EP 01402770 A EP01402770 A EP 01402770A EP 1202411 B1 EP1202411 B1 EP 1202411B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
spark plug
counter
spark
insulator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP20010402770
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1202411A1 (de
Inventor
Nicolas Delmas
André AGNERAY
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Renault SAS
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Renault SAS
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Publication date
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/52—Sparking plugs characterised by a discharge along a surface

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field spark plug technology for combustion engines internal, intended in particular to equip a vehicle automobile.
  • the invention relates to a special geometry of spark plug surface, i.e. using amplification effects of the electric field in the vicinity of an insulating surface.
  • spark plug geometries characterized in particular in that the spark is said to be creeping, that is to say that it spreads along the separating insulation the central electrode, to which is applied a high voltage, of the ground electrode, the so-called electrode cooperating with the base or sometimes even being directly conformed in the said base.
  • the electrode mass can define with the surface of the insulation a obviously annular or, on the contrary, be directly in contact with said surface, but in any case, the ratio of the distances traveled by the spark in the air and on the insulation will have to remain very weak so that one could speak of surface sparks.
  • An implementation solution then consists in use a counter electrode which extends into the insulation, facing the surface on which is created the spark.
  • This electrode can be directly one of the two spark plug electrodes, as is the case with patent applications FR99 / 09473 and FR99 / 04733.
  • the counter electrode can be integrated inside the ceramic, independently functional electrodes between which is applied high voltage, and cooperate electrically with one of said functional electrodes.
  • the geometry of the candle presented is similar to that described in patent application FR99 / 07433 filed by the Applicant, and is characterized, inter alia, by a large length of spark which propagates over the surface of the dielectric 100, between the end 101 of the central electrode 102 and the collar 103 conformed to the end of the base 104.
  • This candle can be called surface spark plug with longitudinal or axial spark in the extent to which said spark is created on the insulator, in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of the candle.
  • this type of candle uses field amplification effects electric in the air in the vicinity of insulation 100 which surrounds the central electrode 102.
  • the part cylindrical metallic collar 103 added at the end of the base 104, makes it possible to reinforce field amplification by a peak effect. So, when a high voltage is applied at the central electrode 102, the amplification of the field along of the surface is maximum in the vicinity of the base and allows initiate a breakdown along said surface.
  • the presence of the dielectric 100 creates a field amplification electrostatic in the air in its vicinity, and promotes progression of the electronic avalanche along the area.
  • a first drawback of this type of geometry comes precisely from the fact that the path of the spark around the insulation is not clearly defined.
  • the said insulator systematically masks a part of the room with a spark.
  • the distribution of sparks around the insulation being random, and the local dispersions of wealth in a cylinder that can sometimes be significant, there may be cases or the said spark is generated on part of the insulator around which wealth is not conducive at the initialization of a combustion.
  • This drawback is all the more annoying on engines operating in laminate mix, in which the fuel cloud at conditions close to stoichiometry is moving in a generally poor environment.
  • the geometry electrodes of a surface effect candle generates very strong asymmetries in the distribution of electric field along the surface.
  • the effects of tip, generated by the beveled shape of the collar, contribute to reinforce this asymmetry so that the electronic avalanche phenomena that govern the physics of the spark, will always be initiated in neighborhood of the aforementioned collar 103.
  • the electrostatic field is more than 10 times greater than the field at the end 101 of the electrode central 102.
  • the object of the present invention is to resolve the aforementioned problems, by proposing new architectures for surface spark plugs, substantially different from the already existing geometries presented above.
  • the spark is created radially between the base and the central electrode along the surface of a insulator with a dielectric coefficient greater than one, and which separates the said base from the aforementioned central electrode.
  • the counter electrode which generates a amplification of the electric field along the surface of the insulation extends perpendicular to the axis of the spark plug, parallel to the surface of the insulation on which is creates the spark.
  • the quotient of the distance separating the said central electrode of said counter electrode by the relative permittivity of the insulation is substantially less than the length of the spark propagating in air along the surface.
  • the central electrode has one end flared which extends along the surface of the insulation in with respect to the aforementioned counter electrode, the so-called end ending in a beveled shape forming a angle less than 45 degrees.
  • the ground electrode could be directly conformed in the material which constitutes the cylinder head.
  • Figure 1 allowed us to present the concept of surface discharge by referring to a geometry of already existing candle, as described for example in the patent application of the Applicant FR99 / 07433.
  • This candle is shaped to present a symmetry of revolution around its longitudinal axis D. It is intended to be mounted on the cylinder head of an engine internal combustion.
  • Said candle thus comprises an electrode cylindrical low voltage 204, which serves as a base metallic, intended to be screwed into a well spark plug using a thread 205 shaped on its part exterior over a determined length.
  • the 204 base is therefore intended to come into contact with the cylinder head by through the shoulder 207 and therefore to be connected electrically grounded.
  • This base 204 surrounds a high voltage electrode 202, for example of cylindrical shape, arranged in position central, and therefore intended to be connected to the system high voltage generator ignition.
  • the electrode central 202 is isolated from. pellet 204 through an insulating sleeve 200, made of an insulating material with dielectric coefficient greater than 1, for example of the ceramic.
  • Said insulating sleeve 200 is shaped substantially cylindrical and its lower end 208 is shaped so as to form a circular collar, larger in diameter than the rest of the sleeve, the so-called collar cooperating on one of its sides with a shoulder 212 formed in the base 204, while the opposite side has a surface 206 oriented towards the combustion chamber.
  • Maintaining the insulating sleeve 200 in position is provided by the extreme part 201 of the central electrode 202, which has a flared shape, the so-called flared shape extending radially along the surface 206 of the sleeve insulating 200 above, and cooperates in support with said surface 206 over a determined length.
  • the extreme part 201 of the central electrode which covers the sleeve insulating 200, also characterized by a shape beveled which forms, with the extreme surface 206 of the sleeve insulator 200, an angle less than 45 degree.
  • the sharp edge thus shaped at the end of the cap 201 of the central electrode 202 contributes, thanks with advanced effects, to strengthen the electric field, already amplified at this point of the candle by the effects of aforementioned surface.
  • the length thus defined between the end of the base 203 and the end of the larger diameter of the cap 201 corresponds substantially to the length of spark generated when high voltage is applied to the central electrode 202 of the spark plug, object of the present invention, and that the breakdown phenomenon, along the surface of the sleeve insulator 206 between the central electrode 202 and the base 204.
  • said hat 201 conformed to the end of the central electrode 202 contributes according to this first embodiment, maintaining and sealing of the insulating sleeve 200 by means of tension applied to the opposite end 211, called upper end of the central electrode 202 by through means of restraint that we will detail below.
  • Figure 3 a view enlarged from the lower end of the candle presented in Figure 2.
  • This view highlights the particular shape to give to the contact area between the cap 201 of the central electrode 202, the collar 208 of the insulating sleeve 200, and the shoulder 212 shaped on the pellet 204 in order to obtain both good tightness of the system once assembled, good resistance of the insulator to electrostatic stresses, and to avoid that the stressing efforts applied along the surface 215, by the cap 201 on the flange 208, under the action of the setting means aforementioned constraint will damage the said flange 208.
  • a first point to respect in order to avoid the creation of local electrostatic stresses too important in the insulating sleeve 200, and make sure that the counter electrode does not have a sharp angle in look at the central electrode 202.
  • a radius of connection 216 greater than 1 mm is conformed on the part of the shoulder 212 opposite the said the central electrode 202.
  • the insulating material is ceramic, it is important to make sure that the flange 208 shaped at the end of the insulating sleeve 200 will not be subjected to bending stresses during assembly.
  • the bending moment generated in the flange 208 by the means for stressing the electrode 202 will be minimal.
  • cap 201 keeps the sleeve insulator 200, while ensuring the tightness of the device through surfaces 215 and 213, the so-called cooperating surfaces thanks to the stressing means that we mentioned above.
  • the cap 201 is integrally connected to the electrode central 202, and mechanical retaining means 209 exert tensile forces on the upper end 211 of said electrode 202.
  • the lower end 201 is kept in contact with the flange 208 along the surface 215, the so-called flange 208 then cooperates on its other side with the shoulder 212 shaped on the base 204.
  • the assembly thus forms a perfectly integral, rigid and waterproof assembly up to pressures of several tens of bars, when the device object of the invention is mounted in the cylinder head of an engine.
  • Said means of constraint 209 can be made for example using a cylindrical piece threaded, cooperating at the same time with a thread formed on the end 211 of the electrode 202, and also in support with the pellet 204, either directly or as it is presented, in Figure 2, through a part intermediate 210.
  • Radial surface spark plug geometry as well described allows, in accordance with the definition given more top of a surface spark plug, generate a amplification of the electric field along the surface 206 of the insulator 200 which separates the central electrode 202 from the pellet 204.
  • FIG. 4 represents a second mode of realization of a radial spark plug in which the counter electrode is no longer an integral part of the base 304 but is formed by an insert which can be for example a conductive metal washer 312.
  • said washer 312 cooperates electrically with the base 304 either by a direct physical contact, either via a capacitive link formed by a thin layer of air or insulation separating the said base 304 of said washer 312. In all cases, The washer 312 therefore has a substantially potential identical to that of base 304.
  • the said washer 312 is inserted inside an obviously shaped the inside of the sleeve 300 and extends radially opposite of the surface 306 of the insulation, so as to allow amplification of the field on said surface, favoring thus the progression of a spark on the surface 306 supra.
  • a shoulder 313, shaped in the base 304 allows sealing between said insulating sleeve 300 and the said base 304, by means of stressing 309 of the central electrode 302 similar to those presented upper.
  • This second embodiment has the advantage compared to the first embodiment, exposed on the Figure 2, possibly allowing, as we have seen above, the installation of an electrical coupling capacitive between the counter electrode 312 and the base 304 connected to ground, so that the amplitude can be modulated of the electric field applied through the insulating sleeve 300.
  • One solution for this is, for example, to drown the washer 312, constituting the counter electrode, at inside the insulating sleeve 300.
  • another advantage of this second embodiment is to be able to act simply on the temperature of the insulating sleeve 300, by modifying the longitudinal position of the contact zone 313 between the said insulating sleeve 300 and the base 304.
  • a radial spark plug also has the advantage of generating maximum amplification of the field electric which is obtained at the outside diameter cap 201, shaped at the end of the electrode central 202. This point also represents in operating the hottest point of the candle, and, as we saw earlier, this goes in the direction a reduction in the voltage required for breakdown.
  • the surface candle with radial spark is more suitable for integrating the cylinder head candle, made possible by aforementioned characteristics specific to candles surface, and in particular their longevity and robustness against fouling.
  • the reduction in the size of the candle optimizes the shape of the water core, thus allowing better cooling of the cylinder head, in order to repel the appearance of rattling.
  • Figures 5 and 6 and 7 show third, fourth and fifth embodiments of a candle radial spark surface according to the invention which have the additional characteristic of being directly integrated into the cylinder head, and therefore not removable.
  • FIG. 5 represents a central electrode 402, surrounded by an insulating sleeve 400, the assembly being integrated directly into the wall of a cylinder head 404.
  • the cap 401 shaped at the end of the central electrode 402.
  • the cap 401 partially extends along the surface 406 of the flange 408, while in the fourth mode of realization it is integrated into the said flange 408 of so as not to protrude from the surface 406.
  • the geometry of the central electrode 402 and of 400 insulation is similar to that of a candle removable radial spark surface as shown in Figure 1. The difference is at the low voltage electrode.
  • Said electrode, initially formed by the base dismountable is advantageously replaced according to this mode of realization by metal 404 of the cylinder head.
  • Cylinder head 404 is shaped to present a bore terminated by a shoulder 412 shaped directly into the material, so that the said material comes to cooperate with a insulation 400, said insulation having a nail shape inverted as previously described in Figure 2.
  • the said shoulder 412 acts as a counter electrode and thus generates an amplification of the field electric on the surface 406 of the insulation 400.
  • the end 403 of the bore formed in the cylinder head 404 has a form of step which limits the effect of the wear of the matter and generates a favorable turbulence at the start of the combustion.
  • the shape of the insulating sleeve 400 is similar to that described in Figure 4.
  • the against electrode 412 is formed by molding by the penetration of cast iron into the notch of the insulating sleeve 400, and the insulating sleeve 400 is maintained naturally by the material of the breech and no longer by the cap 401 shaped on the end of the electrode 402.
  • This embodiment therefore presents a solution advantageous in the case of direct integration with the pouring of the central electrode insulator assembly.

Landscapes

  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Zündkerze mit radialem Oberflächenfunken, die zur Ausstattung eines Zylinderkopfes (404) für einen Verbrennungsmotor bestimmt ist und die die Ausbildung eines Zündfunkens in der Luft entlang einer Fläche (206, 306, 406) eines Isolators (200, 300, 400) mit einem dielektrischen Koeffizienten größer als 1 ermöglicht, der eine Mittenelektrode (202, 302, 402) von einem Kerzengehäuse (204, 304) trennt, das elektrisch mit der Masse verbunden ist, wobei die Mittenelektrode (202, 302, 402) und der Isolator (200, 300, 400) sich im wesentlichen entlang einer Vorzugsrichtung D erstrecken, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fläche (206, 306, 406) sich im wesentlichen senkrecht zur Achse D der Kerze erstreckt, dass eine Gegenelektrode (212, 312, 412) in Radialrichtung gegenüber dieser Fläche (206, 306, 406) angeordnet ist, wobei die Gegenelektrode (212, 312, 412) ein Potential aufweist, das im wesentlichen identisch zu demjenigen des Kerzengehäuses (204, 304) ist, sodass eine Verstärkung des elektrostatischen Feldes in der Luft entlang der Fläche (206, 306, 406) bewirkt wird, wenn eine Hochspannung an die Mittenelektrode (202, 302, 402) gelegt wird.
  2. Kerze mit radialem Oberflächenfunken nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Quotient aus dem Abstand, der die Mittenelektrode (202, 302, 402) von der Gegenelektrode (212, 312, 412) trennt und aus der relativen Permittivität des Isolators im wesentlichen kleiner ist als die Länge des sich in der Luft entlang der Fläche (206, 306, 406) ausbreitenden Funkens.
  3. Kerze mit radialem Oberflächenfunken nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gegenelektrode (212, 312, 412) weder spitze Winkel noch scharfe Kanten gegenüber der Mittenelektrode (202, 302, 402) aufweist.
  4. Kerze mit radialem Oberflächenfunken nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kanten der Gegenelektrode (212, 312, 412) gegenüber der Mittenelektrode (202, 302, 402) einen Krümmungsradius (216) aufweisen, der größer als ein Millimeter ist.
  5. Kerze mit radialem Oberflächenfunken nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittenelektrode (202, 302, 402) ein aufgeweitetes Ende (201, 401) aufweist, das sich entlang der Fläche des Isolators (200, 300, 400) gegenüber der Gegenelektrode (212, 312, 412) erstreckt, wobei dieses Ende in einer Abschrägung endet, die einen Winkel von weniger als 45 Grad bildet.
  6. Kerze mit radialem Oberflächenfunken nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gegenelektrode (212, 312, 412) direkt in dem Gehäuse (204, 304) der Kerze ausgebildet ist.
  7. Kerze mit radialem Oberflächenfunken nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gegenelektrode (312) ein eingesetztes Teil ist, insbesondere eine Ringscheibe, das in das Innere einer Aussparung eingesetzt ist, die im Inneren der isolierenden Buchse (300) ausgebildet ist und das elektrisch mit dem Kerzengehäuse (304) zusammen wirkt, entweder durch direkten körperlichen Kontakt oder durch eine kapazitive Verbindung, die durch eine dünne Schicht aus Luft oder aus einem Isolator gebildet wird, die das Kerzengehäuse (304) von der Gegenelektrode (312) trennt.
  8. Kerze mit radialem Oberflächenfunken nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kerzengehäuse direkt in dem Material ausgebildet ist, aus dem der Zylinderkopf (404) des Verbrennungsmotors besteht.
  9. Kerze mit radialem Oberflächenfunken nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die aus dem Isolator (400) und der Mittenelektrode (402) bestehende Einheit beim Giessen des Zylinderkopfes(404) in diesen integriert wird.
EP20010402770 2000-10-27 2001-10-25 Gleitentladungszündkerze mit radialem Funken Expired - Lifetime EP1202411B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0013821A FR2816119B1 (fr) 2000-10-27 2000-10-27 Bougie a effet de surface a etincelle radiale
FR0013821 2000-10-27

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1202411A1 EP1202411A1 (de) 2002-05-02
EP1202411B1 true EP1202411B1 (de) 2003-08-27

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EP20010402770 Expired - Lifetime EP1202411B1 (de) 2000-10-27 2001-10-25 Gleitentladungszündkerze mit radialem Funken

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EP (1) EP1202411B1 (de)
DE (1) DE60100653T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2201023T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2816119B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2859831B1 (fr) * 2003-09-12 2009-01-16 Renault Sa Bougie de generation de plasma.
FR2861509B1 (fr) * 2003-10-24 2006-03-03 Renault Sa Bougie d'allumage a effet de surface a etincelle dirigee.
FR2870052B1 (fr) * 2004-05-07 2006-06-23 Renault Sas Bougie d'allumage a effet de surface a etincelles multiples
FR2878086B1 (fr) 2004-11-16 2007-03-09 Renault Sas Bougie a plasma radiofrequence
LT5490B (lt) 2006-05-18 2008-04-25 Jevgenij Bugajec Uždegimo žvakė
US8671901B2 (en) * 2009-11-30 2014-03-18 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Excess demand voltage relief spark plug for vehicle ignition system
FR2965984B1 (fr) 2010-10-12 2012-10-12 Renault Sa Prevention contre un court-circuit de la bougie rf
US9484717B2 (en) 2013-12-26 2016-11-01 Chentronics, Llc High energy ignition spark igniter
JP6709151B2 (ja) * 2016-12-15 2020-06-10 株式会社デンソー 点火制御システム及び点火制御装置

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3202859A (en) * 1961-11-08 1965-08-24 Mallory Res Co Spark plug
FR1321916A (fr) * 1962-05-11 1963-03-22 Magneti Marelli Spa Bougie d'allumage pour moteurs à combustion interne
FR2497273B1 (fr) * 1980-12-29 1985-09-20 Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) Procede et dispositif pour allumage d'un melange carbure
FR2771558B1 (fr) * 1997-11-25 2004-07-02 Renault Bougie d'allumage a effet de surface

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2816119B1 (fr) 2003-02-21
EP1202411A1 (de) 2002-05-02
FR2816119A1 (fr) 2002-05-03
ES2201023T3 (es) 2004-03-16
DE60100653D1 (de) 2003-10-02
DE60100653T2 (de) 2004-06-24

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