EP1525358A1

EP1525358A1 - Insulating layer consisting of mineral fibres, and building wall

Info

Publication number: EP1525358A1
Application number: EP03764923A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Gerd-Rüdiger Klose
Original assignee: Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll GmbH and Co OHG
Current assignee: Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll GmbH and Co OHG
Priority date: 2002-07-19
Filing date: 2003-06-28
Publication date: 2005-04-27
Anticipated expiration: 2023-06-28
Also published as: PL212918B1; EP2284325A3; NO20050890L; DE10261988B4; PL374556A1; DE10261988A1; EP2284325A2; EP1525358B1; WO2004009927A1; AU2003246632A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an insulating layer consisting of mineral fibres, and a building wall comprising a supporting framework consisting of at least two interspaced, preferably perpendicularly oriented posts, especially in the form of C, U, W or Ω-shaped profiled metal parts, a lining on at least one side, preferably in the form of gypsum plasterboard and/or gypsum fibreboard, and heat and/or sound insulation consisting of an insulating layer. The aim of the invention is to develop an insulating layer and a building wall in such a way that the construction thereof, especially the assembly, is essentially simplified and accelerated such that a cost-effective assembly can be achieved with insulation results which are at least as good. To this end, the mineral fibre body (10) consists of at least two layers (11, 12) which are arranged in the form of a sandwich and have a different apparent density and/or dynamic rigidity.

Description

Insulation layer made of mineral fibers and building wall

The invention relates to an insulating layer made of mineral fibers, in particular rock wool and / or glass wool, in the form of insulating material sheets, insulating boards, insulating felts or the like, for installation between two building components arranged at a distance from one another, such as rafters, profiles in stud walls or assembly walls and / or Facing shells and for sound and / or thermal insulation of ceilings and walls and similar parts of buildings, consisting of a mineral fiber body with two large, preferably spaced and parallel to each other oriented surfaces and connecting side surfaces. Furthermore, the invention relates to a building wall with a supporting structure, consisting of at least two, preferably vertically aligned stands arranged at a distance from one another, in particular in the form of C, U, W or Ω-shaped profiles made of metal, an at least one-sided cladding, preferably in Form of plasterboard and / or gypsum fiber boards, and thermal and / or acoustic insulation from an insulating layer.

Building walls and insulation layers built into them are known from the prior art. These are non-load-bearing inner walls, which are designed as partitions with weights per unit area of up to 1.5 kN / m ² and, in contrast to wall constructions made of bricks, stones or aerated concrete elements using mortars or adhesive compositions, are called assembly walls. This naming already describes the assembly of the components in the dry state (drywall) during the assembly of the individual components.

Generic building walls are mainly stressed by their own weight and are not integrated in the static concept of a building. However, they have to absorb forces acting on their surface and introduce them into the adjacent load-bearing components. Deformations of the adjacent components must not lead to constraining stresses in the non-load-bearing building walls, so that these building walls must be separated from the adjacent components by movement joints. Generic building walls must meet certain requirements with regard to sound, heat and fire protection. In particular, high sound insulation properties and at least one fire resistance class F 30 according to DIN 4102 Part 4 should be achieved. But there are also known building walls that can withstand fire exposure for up to 180 minutes due to appropriate fire protection constructions and are therefore fire-resistant with a correspondingly higher classification of the fire resistance classes. Corresponding requirements for the resistance of the building wall in the event of a fire mean that certain building materials, particularly in the area of the load-bearing construction elements, may not be used if these building materials lose their stability in the fire or make an active contribution to the fire.

The building walls in question, which consist of metallic stands and plasterboard, are described in DIN 18 183. A distinction is made between single and double stud walls and free-standing facing shells. According to DIN 18 183, a single stud wall consists of a substructure arranged on one level with stands that are planked on both sides with plasterboard panels as cladding. In the double stud wall, the studs are arranged in two parallel levels and only covered with plasterboard cladding on the two outer sides. Free-standing facing shells consist of a substructure arranged on one level with stands and a one-sided cladding made of plasterboard.

The stands are referred to as C or U profiles according to their profile, the C profiles differing from the U profiles in that the free ends of their legs are flanged to one another or twice. In addition, the letters "W" or "D" are appended to the letters "C" or "U" if the profiles are used as wall profiles (W) or ceiling profiles (D). The flanging of the free ends of the webs serves to stiffen the profiles, which can alternatively or additionally also be achieved by beads in the area of the web or else in the area of the legs. Through the beads In addition, a smaller contact surface is achieved on the cladding elements, so that the sound energy in the area of the contact surfaces between the cladding and the profile is reduced. Alternatively, point-like elevations can be arranged on the outside of the legs in order to set a distance between the legs and the cladding elements.

Cables can also be laid in the area of the beads.

The profiles are fastened to the floor or ceiling with the help of doweled screws or twist-pin dowels. The pivot pin anchors separate the metallic core from the profile via a cylindrical plastic sleeve in order to reduce the transmission of structure-borne noise. In the event of a fire, the metal pin fixes the profile and thus the building wall even when the plastic has melted or burned. The distance between the individual fastening points is preferably approximately one meter. In a building wall, a profile is usually arranged on the floor and a profile on the ceiling opposite, so that a vertically aligned building wall already results when the cladding elements are attached to one leg of the ceiling profile and the opposite leg of the floor profile.

Sealing elements must be inserted between the profiles attached to the floor and the ceiling and the adjacent components, for example the floor and the ceiling, in order to provide both a soundproof seal and a largely sealed seal against fire and smoke between the adjacent components and the building wall build. Appropriate seals must be designed to be compressible in order to be able to compensate for unevenness of the adjacent components to a certain degree. As a result, both compressible sealing tapes made of foam, putty or very often strips of mineral wool insulation material in thicknesses of approx. 10 to approx. 20 mm can be used.

In the U-profiles fastened in the floor area and on the ceiling, vertically aligned profiles, so-called stand profiles, are inserted, with the legs of these stand profiles in a building wall have essentially the same orientation, ie the legs of the stand profiles are oriented towards the web of an adjacent stand profile. If a stand profile is arranged in the area of an adjacent component, for example a load-bearing wall, this stand profile is fastened to the load-bearing wall in the same way as the U-profiles described above in the area of the floor and ceiling.

As a rule, the upright profiles are held frictionally in the U-profiles on the ceiling and floor, the upright profiles being arranged at a distance from the web of the U-profile fastened on the ceiling in order to enable the upright profiles to move relative to the U-profiles. In addition, the stand profiles can be connected to each other by so-called blind rivets if cross bolts are used for openings or other internals. Normally, however, the upright profiles are fixed by the cladding elements with the U-profiles arranged on the ceiling and floor.

Gypsum plasterboards in the varieties Gypsum Cardboard (GKB) or Fire Protection (GKF) or Gypsum Fibreboard are used as cladding elements. Such plates are known with different material thicknesses and with lengths between 2000 and 4000 mm with a gradation of 250 mm, the width of such plates being constant at 1250 mm. With material thicknesses of more than 18 mm, the maximum length of such panels is limited to 3500 mm, whereby these panels are offered with widths of 600 mm or 1250 mm. Due to the dimensions of the panels and the preferred upright orientation, a distance between adjacent upright profiles of 62.5 cm has proven to be particularly advantageous, so that the panels with their two longitudinal edges on two upright profiles and additionally with the central area on a third upright profile are attached. The panels are connected to the upright profiles by means of fast building screws according to DIN 18 182, part 2 "Accessories for processing plasterboard - quick building screws".

The cavity between adjacent upright profiles on the one hand and the cladding elements on the other hand is filled by insulating layers, which are usually consist of individual insulation boards with great rigidity. On the one hand, these insulation boards are inserted between the legs of a support profile until the narrow sides of the insulation boards rest on the inside of the web. On the other hand, the insulation boards are placed with their opposite narrow side on the outside of the web of the adjacent stud profile. Filling the cavities with individual insulation boards leads to excellent insulation results, but due to the installation of the relatively rigid insulation boards between the legs of the carrier profiles, this is a complex and possibly inadequate work.

The insulation layer preferably consists of mostly light fiber insulation materials with low length-specific flow resistance, low dynamic rigidity (S 'in MN / m ³ ) and high sound absorption capacity. The insulation layer is clamped between the profiles.

Fiber insulation materials used for the insulation layer must be non-flammable in accordance with DIN 4101 Part 1. Glass wool insulation felts as well as glass wool and / or rock wool insulation boards are mainly used. For building walls that are to represent fire protection constructions according to DIN 4102 part 4 or have a high fire resistance class, stone wool fire protection boards with a melting point according to DIN 4102 part 17> 1000 ° C in defined bulk densities with mostly reduced proportions of organic binders in the corresponding thicknesses are used. Partition, acoustic and fire protection panels are usually offered and processed with the dimensions 1000 mm x 625 mm. The bulk density of normal acoustic panels is approx. 27 to approx. 35 kg / m ³ depending on the desired thermal conductivity. The minimum bulk densities for fire protection panels are 30, 40, 50 or 100 kg / m ³ , whereby material thicknesses of 40 to 100 mm are installed. The bulk densities depend on the fire safety requirements.

The widths of the acoustic rabbets or insulation panels are exactly the same as the regular spacing of the vertical profiles. It must be taken into account that the nominal width dimensions of the insulation elements are reduced by dimensions. can be. For example, DIN 18 165 Part 1 provides for permissible deviations from the nominal dimensions of length and width of ± 2%. Such deviations rarely occur in practice and only in the case of faulty productions, but if these insulation elements are used, they lead to a lack of clamping installation of the insulation elements between the profiles. If the necessary excess of the insulation elements is missing, continuous joints are created in the insulation layer, which sometimes go undetected and then lead to reduced heat and sound insulation.

In order to rule out the problems associated with this, it is common practice to cut the insulation boards crosswise to the longitudinal axis, i.e. prepare it for installation. However, this practice leads to an additional process of trimming the panels and to considerable amounts of waste, since it is usually not possible to reassemble the individual sections to form a functioning insulation element of the insulation layer. The insulation elements are pressed between the legs of the profiles. This activity is very arduous because, on the one hand, possible edges of the legs and in particular the screw tips of the cladding that is already installed on one side form obstacles, the overcoming of which also leads to damage to the insulation layer, but also to a not inconsiderable risk of injury to the hands of the handling workers represent. On the other hand, the screws in particular also represent fastening elements for the insulation layer, provided that the insulation layer is impaled or hung on the screws, so that the acoustic felts already mentioned can also be used. In order to reduce the risk of injury, this work is carried out very carefully and therefore slowly. In addition to the associated poor work progress, there is also a work result that is sometimes flawed, whereby the flaws, particularly in the area of the profiles, are not immediately recognizable.

In the case of distances between the profiles that are smaller than the widths of the insulation elements, there is the possibility of forming the edges of the insulation elements to be inserted into the profiles from thin and compressible glass wool panels which, due to their compressibility, can be handled in a simple manner and can be pressed into the profiles, so that this results in a complete filling of the profile without the risk of injury described above. However, this procedure has disadvantages with regard to the requirements for the accuracy of the processing of the insulation elements, since the degree of compression of the individual insulation elements, in particular insulation panels, is different, so that the insulation panels are inserted into the profiles at different depths and, if necessary, are no longer completely on the web of the opposite one arranged profile.

After the cavity between the profiles has been filled, the cladding is added. After closing the building wall with the cladding lying on the second side, the insulation layer usually lies in a random, rarely in the intended position between the cladding elements, the insulation panels generally being of a smaller thickness than the clear distance between the cladding elements on the two legs of the profiles.

Proceeding from this prior art, the invention is therefore based on the task of developing an insulation layer and a building wall in such a way that their creation, in particular assembly, is considerably simplified and accelerated, so that inexpensive assembly with at least equally good insulation results is possible without the foregoing problems of the prior art arise.

The solution to this problem provides for an insulating layer according to the invention that the mineral fiber body consists of at least two sandwich-like layers which have a different bulk density and / or dynamic stiffness.

The insulating layer according to the invention thus consists of at least two layers which are arranged flat one above the other, the layers having a different bulk density and / or dynamic rigidity. It is preferably provided that the mineral fiber body consists of three layers, of which the middle layer has a lower bulk density and / or dynamic rigidity than the two outer layers. The mineral fiber body and thus the insulation layer thus has a high compressibility and flexibility in the area of the middle layer, while the two outer layers have a higher rigidity, which, if the insulation layer is too large, is in full contact with the cladding of a building wall. The insulation layer thickness between the cladding elements is thus adjusted to the distance between the two adjacent claddings exclusively via the compressible middle layer.

The mineral fiber body preferably consists of a plurality of insulation boards lying with their narrow sides against one another, which are installed, for example, one after the other between profiles of stud walls. The insulation panels can have a material thickness that essentially corresponds to the spacing of the cladding. However, if the spacing of the cladding is greater than the material thickness of the insulation panels or the insulation layer, two or more insulation panels or other insulation elements can be installed side by side to form the insulation layer.

According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that the two outer layers have different bulk densities and / or material thicknesses. This configuration enables the insulation layer to be further adapted to the properties required for the specific application.

It is further provided that the layers are made elastic in some areas in order to set a direction-dependent stiffness of the insulation layer or the insulation elements forming the insulation layer. The subregions are designed in particular to run in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction of the layers. In addition, it can be provided that the partial areas extend over the entire material thickness of the layers.

The partial areas are preferably designed in the form of strips and, according to a further advantageous feature, extend over the entire width and / or length of the layers. According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that at least one layer in one surface has a plurality of recesses which are filled with tough-hard to brittle material, in particular with mortar, preferably adhesive mortar. With this configuration, the transverse tensile strength of corresponding insulation layers is varied.

The recesses are preferably round and, according to a further feature of the invention, can be arranged in a regular grid or offset in rows.

It has also proven to be advantageous to design the layers preferably with their mineral fiber orientation with different strength properties in the longitudinal and transverse directions, in particular bending tensile strengths and stiffnesses. For example, the layers can be arranged in such a way that, depending on their strength properties, they are aligned or oriented at right angles to one another. In this way, the properties of the insulation layer can be specifically adapted to the corresponding application.

It has proven to be advantageous to form the two outer layers of rock wool and the middle layer of glass wool in order to form a suitable insulation element with which a thickness compensation is optimally possible.

At least the middle layer has a laminar fiber course in order to enable a high compressibility in the direction of the surface normal of the large surfaces of the insulation element.

As already mentioned, it is advantageous to make the total thickness of the layers larger than the distance between the two parallel legs of the profile, between which the insulation layer is to be introduced. In such a configuration, the outer layers lie firmly against the cladding elements. This results in a reduction in the vibration ability of the insulation layer, so that the Sound insulation of a building wall formed with this is significantly improved, ie increased.

Different dynamic stiffness in different zones of an insulation layer can be achieved by artificially elasticizing panels with an initially homogeneous structure. For this purpose, one of the large surfaces is advantageously rolled over several times with rollers of small diameter, which leads to high linear, but in particular shear stresses in the surface. The structure of the insulation board is rolled down to the desired depth so that the dynamic rigidity is significantly reduced.

Insulating elements or insulating boards made of mineral fibers generally have largely uniform strength properties over their large surfaces, although they vary in their direction depending on the direction. In particular with such insulation elements made of rock wool, these direction-dependent differences in the strength properties can be observed. Insulating elements made of stone wool are produced in a manner known per se by first collecting the mineral fibers obtained from a silicate melt in the form of a thin fleece, a so-called primary fleece, and then feeding them to an oscillating conveyor. The primary fleece is placed on a belt conveyor with oscillating movements of this conveying device and pushed together to form an endless mineral fiber web. A longitudinal compression of the deposited fiber web, which is also referred to as secondary fleece, leads to a different arrangement of the mineral fibers transversely to the conveying direction and in the longitudinal direction of the secondary fleece. The bending tensile strength and the stiffness of the secondary nonwoven crosswise to the conveying direction are significantly higher than in the longitudinal direction, i.e. in the conveying direction. This also results in directionally dependent acoustic properties of the mineral fiber insulation elements produced from them.

The stiffness of the mineral fiber insulation elements is changed by loosening the bond between the individual fibers. For example, local pressure can be exerted on the mineral fibers by a flexing process, whereby the connection between individual mineral fibers is loosened and the mineral fibers themselves are broken or rearranged. The result of this procedure is an elasticization of the mineral fiber web. Mineral fiber insulation elements made from this are made more compressible or easier to bend by this procedure.

This is also accompanied by a change in the acoustic properties of these mineral fiber insulation elements, which can be installed in wall structures. However, the advantage of these mineral fiber insulation materials now lies in the fact that application-specific insulation layers can be produced due to the locally different dynamic stiffnesses or different sound damping properties. Here, the elastification occurs in particular transversely to the direction _t of the greatest rigidity of the Mineralfaserdämmelemente.

In the case of two-layer insulation layers which have a higher bulk density on the outside and a lower bulk density on the inside, the insulation elements can be mechanically joined by a corresponding shaping of the adjacent surfaces.

The individual layers of the insulation layer can be installed separately from one another or are connected to one another, for example glued. It should be ensured here that the design of the adhesive and its arrangement between the individual layers do not lead to hardening of the middle layer, so that the compressibility of the middle layer is reduced.

According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that the middle layer has a greater length in comparison to the outer layers and in particular projects in the region of one, preferably both, narrow side (s) in the longitudinal direction over the outer layers. An insulation layer designed in this way has the advantage that when the insulation layer is installed between the legs of the profile, the area protruding from the middle layer within the space between the legs of the profile is compressed and this space consequently fills in, so that a tight fit of the less compressible outer layers over the entire surface of the profile is possible.

For this purpose, it has proven to be advantageous if the middle layer has a recess running in the longitudinal direction and / or at least one at right angles thereto, so that the middle layer is divided into two sections, for example, which can be moved in opposite directions when compressed, around the Completely fill the space between the legs of the profile. The recess is preferably T-shaped in cross section, so that it forms a kind of blind hole opening and shearing of the two sections of the middle layer during compression within the profile is avoided. The protrusions of the middle layer are preferably designed differently, on the one hand to indicate a marking with which narrow side the insulation layer is to be arranged within the profile and which narrow side lies against the outer surface of the web of the opposite profile and on the other hand to meet the different conditions, which exist between the legs and in the case of contact with the outer surface of the web.

As an alternative to a protrusion of the middle layer, it can be provided that the areas on the long and / or narrow sides of the mineral fiber body are elasticized in particular by upsetting. This elasticization increases the compressibility of the outer layers in such a way that pressing the insulation layer between the legs of the profile is considerably simplified and, at the same time, the insulation layer can be formed with an oversize compared to the distance between adjacent profiles and can be installed by clamping.

According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that stiffening laminations are arranged on the outer surfaces of the outer layers. In this embodiment, it is preferably provided as a further feature that the middle layer projects at least on one side over the outer layers and the laminations. With such an insulating layer, the installation of filling profiles between the legs of the profiles is not necessary. The Insulation is stiffened by the lamination. In this exemplary embodiment, the middle layer protruding over the outer layers and the lamination is completely inserted into the space between the legs of the profile, which it completely fills up by appropriate deformation. For this it is necessary that the volume of the section of the middle layer corresponds to the volume between the legs of the profile.

In this embodiment, too, it has proven to be advantageous to have the middle layer protrude further over a narrow side of the outer layer than over the opposite narrow side of the outer layer, which is provided for contacting the outer surface of the web of the profile, and possibly one there fill the arranged bead or provide the necessary compressibility, which is necessary for the clamping installation of the insulation layer.

The laminations consist, for example, of a fiber meal bound and cured with at least one organic and / or inorganic binder. The laminations and / or the outer layers preferably have a bulk density of 200 to 600 kg / m ³ . According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that the laminations and / or the outer layers have a layer thickness of 3 to 20 mm.

Finally, it is provided in the insulation layer according to the invention that the laminations have an outer contour, in particular a wave-shaped or trapezoidal configuration corresponding to a planking to be applied, for example made of plasterboard and / or gypsum fibreboard, in order to lie as completely as possible against the cladding, which can be designed as planking. Such outer layers or laminations are preferably prefabricated and connected to the middle layer during the manufacturing process of the insulation layer, in particular the insulation boards used for this purpose. The surface design of the insulation layer can also be achieved during the manufacturing process of the insulation layer, in particular the insulation boards, by appropriately shaping the pressure bands of a hardening furnace or else by subsequently cutting or milling out the surfaces. In addition, a thin insulation layer can be arranged on the outer layers or the lamination in order to improve the full-surface contact of the insulation layer on the cladding.

Insulation layers are preferably provided in fire protection constructions with high demands on sound insulation, which according to the invention have a middle layer of a plasterboard, gypsum fiber, calcium silicate, aerated concrete or fiber cement board between the two layers. Alternatively, a soft wood fibreboard can also be used for lower fire resistance requirements. The outer layers are in particular longer than the middle layer and protrude from the middle layer at both longitudinal ends. The two outer layers are made of mineral fibers and the slight overlap of the outer layers of mineral fibers prevents the solid middle layer from coming into direct contact with the profile, so that sound bridges are formed. The middle layer can also consist of mineral fibers, preferably fiber flour and / or gypsum reinforced with glass fiber mesh.

Such a middle layer can be used in particular with such an insulation layer in which the middle layer is completely covered by the outer layer, at least transversely to the longitudinal direction.

The middle layer can also consist of a set binder, for example mortar, preferably adhesive mortar or fine-grained adhesive or filler with fast-curing binders. Such mortars are based at least on hydraulic binders. A so-called quick cement can be used to significantly reduce the setting times of the mortar. These are, for example, particularly finely ground Portland cements that contain no or only small amounts of setting retarding substances. The solidification of such Portland cements can be significantly reduced by various organic or inorganic compounds, commonly referred to as solidification accelerators. AI temative are aluminum cements or alumina cements that also harden within a short time. These cements are rich in calcium aluminate mineral phases, especially mono calcium aluminate. The aluminum cements or alumina cement can of course also be mixed with Portland cements. Hemihydrate and anhydrite binders can be used as binders.

In order to ensure the cohesion of the mortar, but especially the adhesion to the hydrophobic mineral fibers, the mortar or the glue or filler compound contains plastics which are added as immediately reactive dispersions or in powder form. When using such plastics in powder form, however, a certain reaction time after contact with the required water has to be accepted.

It has proven to be particularly advantageous to wet the surfaces to be bonded to the outer layers and, if appropriate, also the middle layer with water, in particular with the addition of surface-active substances or with water / alcohol mixtures, and then to apply saponification-resistant adhesion-promoting plastic dispersions.

In particular, the type and quality of the surfaces to be bonded to the outer and middle layers is responsible for the required pre-wetting, so that, depending on the surfaces, the impregnation can only be carried out with a plastic dispersion. Such plastic dispersions usually contain granular aggregates made of quartz sand, limestone, marble or the like. As an alternative to this, according to the invention, heavy spar can be provided as a supplement, wherein the heavy spar as a supplement can also be present in a mixing ratio with other additives.

In addition, the insulation layer according to the invention can be further developed in that the middle layer has grooves running in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction. The grooves are preferably rectangular in cross section, in particular square. The grooves can be one with the material thickness of the middle layer have the same depth, so that they represent a connection between the two outer layers and divide the middle layer into individual segments.

Strips of insulating material, in particular stone or glass wool, can be introduced into the grooves in a positive and / or non-positive manner. To fix the strips, it can be provided that they are glued into the grooves.

An alternative embodiment provides that the strips are formed in one piece with an outer layer, i.e. Form protrusions that protrude over one of the large surfaces of the outer layer.

The grooves can finally be formed continuously in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction of the middle layer. The middle layer serves to increase the internal damping of the insulation layer.

With regard to a building wall according to the invention, it is provided for the solution of the task that the insulation layer consists of at least two sandwich-like layers which have a different bulk density and / or dynamic stiffness.

All of the features of the insulation layer according to the invention discussed above can be provided in a building wall according to the invention and further develop them according to the invention.

With regard to the advantages and the further configurations of the building wall according to the invention, in particular with regard to the corresponding features of the subclaims, reference is made to the above description of the advantages of the insulation layer, as well as to the following description of the associated drawing, in the preferred embodiments of an insulation layer are. The drawing shows:

Figure 1 shows a building wall in a sectional plan view; Figure 2 shows an insulation element of an insulation layer of the building wall according to Figure 1;

3 shows a further embodiment of an insulation element of an insulation layer of the building wall according to FIG. 1;

4 shows an insulation element of an insulation layer of the building wall according to FIG

1 ;

5 shows a further embodiment of an insulation element of an insulation layer of the building wall according to FIG. 1;

Figure 6 shows an outer layer of an insulation element according to one of Figures 3 to 5 in plan view;

7 shows the outer layer according to FIG. 6 in a sectional side view along the line VII-VII in FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 shows the outer layer according to FIG. 6 in a sectional side view shown along the line VIII-VIII in FIG. 6;

9 shows a further embodiment of an insulation element of an insulation layer of the building wall according to FIG. 1;

10 shows a further embodiment of an insulation element of an insulation layer of the building wall according to FIG. 1;

FIG. 11 shows a further embodiment of an insulation element of an insulation layer of the building wall according to FIG. 1;

12 shows a further embodiment of an insulation element in plan view for an insulation layer of the building wall according to FIG. 1 and FIG. 13 shows the insulation element according to FIG. 2 in a sectional side view shown along the line Xlll-Xlll in FIG. 12.

A building wall 1 shown in FIG. 1 consists of at least several profiles 2 set up vertically next to one another, of which two adjacent profiles 2 are shown in FIG. An insulation layer 3 is arranged between the profiles 2 and is described in more detail below.

Each profile 2 is C-shaped in cross-section and has two legs 4 running parallel to one another and a web 5 connecting the legs 4 and oriented at right angles to the legs 4 and having a bead 6 in the central region for stiffening. At the free ends of the legs 4, bends 7 are arranged which are aligned with one another. The space between the legs 4 on the one hand and the bends 7 and the web 5 on the other hand is filled with a profile body 8 made of insulating material, namely mineral fibers.

It can be seen that the two profiles 2 shown in FIG. 1 are oriented in the same orientation, so that the insulation layer 3 on the one hand on the profile body 8 in the region of the bends 7 and on the other hand, i.e. adjoins the outer surface of the web 5 in the region of the second profile 2. The insulation layer 3 is held clamped between the outside of the web 5 and the profile body 8 of the adjacent profile 2.

The building wall 1 also has two claddings 9, of which only one cladding 9 is shown in FIG. 1, which is connected to the legs 4 of adjacent profiles 2 with screws (not shown in more detail), the cladding 9 consisting of a plurality of cladding elements, for example plasterboard.

The insulation layer 3 consists of a mineral fiber body 10, which is divided into a plurality of insulation panels, which are arranged one above the other between adjacent profiles 2. The mineral fiber body has three layers 11 and 12, the two outer layers 11 made of rock wool and the middle layer 12 made of glass wool.

Compared to the two outer layers 11, the middle layer 12 has a lower bulk density and a lower dynamic rigidity, so that it is designed to be compressible overall, its compressibility being provided both in the direction of the surface normal of the large surfaces 13 of the insulation layer 3 and at right angles thereto is. The mineral fiber body 10 is otherwise shown in longitudinal section in FIG. 2 in the unassembled state. The middle layer 12 has a laminar fiber course, i.e. the mineral fibers of the middle layer 12 are aligned essentially parallel to the large surfaces 13 of the mineral fiber body 10. Depending on the field of application, the mineral fibers of the outer layers 11 can also be aligned parallel to the large surfaces 13 or at right angles to the large surfaces 13. Depending on the course of the fibers in the outer layers 11, the strength properties of the mineral fiber body 10 are substantially determined.

It can be seen from FIG. 2 that the middle layer 12 protrudes over the long sides 14 of the outer layers 11, the middle layer 12 protruding further in the area of one long side 14 than in the area of the opposite long side 14 of the outer layers 11. This configuration has the advantage that, for example, the space in the area of the bead 6 or the space of a displaced profile body 8 is filled by the compressible middle layer 12, so that no voids remain, which may adversely affect the thermal and / or acoustic insulation properties of the insulation layer 3 influence.

FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of a mineral fiber body 10, which, in addition to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, has a lamination 15 on both large surfaces 13 of the outer layers 11 made of a fiber flour bound and cured with at least one organic and inorganic binder. O 2004/009927

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The lamination 15 has a bulk density of 300 kg / m ³ and a layer thickness of 10 mm.

The middle layer 12 of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3 has, in its section 16 projecting over the long side 14, a recess 17 which extends in the longitudinal direction of the middle layer 12 and extends over the entire length of the mineral fiber body 10 and which is T-shaped in cross section. The section 16 of the mineral fiber body 10 is inserted into a profile 2 between the legs 4 instead of the profile body 8, so that the shape of the compressible middle layer 12 changes in such a way that the section 16 at least almost completely fills the space between the legs 4 , For this purpose, the recess 17 is provided, which enables a central division of the section 16, so that the two halves of the section 16 formed by the recess 17 deform on both sides of the recess 17. The T-shaped configuration of the recess 17 prevents breakage of the section 16, the fiber regions arranged on both sides of the transverse end of the recess 17 taking over the function of a joint and allowing the two halves of the section 16 to be folded away.

An embodiment of a mineral fiber body 10 for use in building walls 1 with high fire protection requirements is shown in Figure 4.

The mineral fiber body 10 of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4 has a middle layer 12 made of a fiber cement plate. Alternatively, a stiff plasterboard, gypsum fiber, calcium silicate or aerated concrete plate can be used. Outer layers 11 made of mineral fibers are arranged on both sides of the middle layer 12, which protrude beyond the narrow sides 14 of the middle layer 12 and have a high compressibility, so that the protrusions of the outer layers 1 when the mineral fiber body 10 is inserted into the space between two legs 4 deform a profile in such a way that the middle layer 12 is completely surrounded by the outer layers 11 in the installed position. O 2004/009927

21

This prevents the middle layer 12 from coming into contact with the profiles and forming a sound bridge.

An alternative embodiment of such a mineral fiber body for use in building walls 1 with high fire protection requirements is shown in FIG. 5. In this embodiment, the middle layer 12 is embedded in a recess 18 of an outer layer 11 made of mineral fibers. The middle layer 12 is flush with the outer web regions 19 of the outer layer 11 and is covered with a second outer layer 11.

Figures 6 to 8 show an outer layer 11 in the form of an insulation board. The layer 11 has elasticized partial areas 20 in the area of its surfaces 13. In these subareas, the surface 13 of the layer 11 is mechanically stressed by a flexing process, so that the individual mineral fibers are released from one another and partially broken. In this regard, layer 11 according to FIGS. 6 to 7 has a partial region 20 which extends parallel to the longitudinal extent of layer 11 over the entire length of layer 11 and is arranged in the central axis plane of layer 11.

At right angles to this partial area 20, the layer 11 has three partial areas 20 running transversely to the longitudinal extent, of which the central partial area in the central area of the layer 11 and the two outer partial areas are arranged at a uniform distance from the central partial area 20.

According to FIGS. 7 and 8, the elasticized partial areas 20 extend over the entire material thickness of the layer 11 and serve to increase the compressibility of the layer 11 in the direction of the partial areas.

Due to its method of manufacture, the layer 11 has a high longitudinal stiffness in the direction of the cut according to FIG. 7 and a low longitudinal stiffness in the direction of the cut according to FIG. 8, so that according to the number of O 2004/009927

22

elasticized partial areas 20 there is a uniform compressibility of the layer 11.

FIGS. 9 to 11 show further embodiments of a mineral fiber body 10 in a side view. These mineral fiber bodies 10 consist of two outer layers 11 of mineral fibers and are accordingly compressible. Between the outer layers 11 of the mineral fiber body 10, a layer 12 of a hardened mortar is arranged, which can alternatively consist of a plasterboard or the like. An adhesive layer 21 is arranged between the middle layer 12 and the two outer layers 11, which can alternatively be designed as an adhesion-promoting impregnation.

In FIG. 9, the middle layer 12 has the same area as the outer layers 11. In addition to the embodiment of the mineral fiber body 10 according to FIG. 9, the embodiment of the mineral fiber body 10 according to FIG. 10 has grooves 22 which are arranged in the middle layer 12 and run in the longitudinal direction. The grooves 22 are rectangular in cross section and extend through the entire material thickness of the middle layer 12, so that they connect the two outer layers 11 to one another. The grooves 22 can be filled with insulating material strips.

Such an embodiment is shown in FIG. 11, which will be discussed below.

The embodiment according to FIG. 10 shows a middle layer 12, the width of which is slightly smaller than the width of the two outer layers 11, which can be inserted and compressed, for example, of a profile 2, not shown, so that the middle layer 12 does not come into contact with the Profiles 2 made of metal. This prevents the formation of thermal and / or sound bridges.

The embodiment of the mineral fiber body 10 according to FIG. 11 essentially corresponds to the embodiment of the mineral fiber body 10 according to FIG. 10, but is - as already mentioned - supplemented by the strips 23 which are shown in the embodiment 11 are integrally formed with the upper outer layer 11 and fill in the wider grooves 22 in the embodiment of Figure 11. In this embodiment, the middle layer 12 is thus completely encased in the longitudinal direction by the outer layers 11. This embodiment also leads to a compressible contact of the mineral fiber body 10 on the leg 4 of a profile 2. FIGS. 12 and 13 show a further embodiment of a mineral fiber body 10. The mineral fiber body 10 has a lower layer 11 with certain direction-dependent strength properties made of mineral fibers. Arranged on this lower layer 11 is an upper layer 11, which likewise consists of mineral fibers and has direction-dependent strength properties which correspond to the strength properties of the lower layer 11. The upper layer 11 is arranged at right angles to the corresponding strength properties of the lower layer 11 with regard to the direction of its strength properties.

In addition, the mineral fiber body 10 has an elasticized partial region 20 which extends through both layers 11 and extends transversely to the longitudinal extent in the central region of the layers 11.

Recesses 24 of circular design are made in the surface 13 of the lower layer 11 in a certain grid. Hardening adhesive mortar 25 is introduced into these recesses 24. These teardrop-shaped adhesive mortar elements 25 influence the soundproofing properties of the mineral fiber body 10 and at the same time serve to bond the two layers 11 lying one on top of the other.

Claims

Expectations

1. Insulating layer made of mineral fibers, in particular rock wool and / or glass wool, in the form of insulation sheets, insulation panels, insulation felts or the like, for installation between two building components arranged at a distance from one another, such as rafters, profiles in stud walls or assembly walls and / or facing shells, as well as for sound - and/or thermal insulation of ceilings and walls and similar building parts, consisting of a mineral fiber body with two large, preferably spaced and parallel surfaces and side surfaces connecting them, characterized in that the mineral fiber body (10) consists of at least two sandwich-like layers (11 , 12) that have different gross density and/or dynamic stiffness.

2. Insulating layer according to claim 1, characterized in that the mineral fiber body (10) consists of three layers (11, 12), of which the middle layer (12) has a lower bulk density and / or dynamic rigidity than the two outer layers ( 11).

3. Insulating layer according to claim 2, characterized in that the two outer layers (11) have different gross densities and / or material thicknesses.

4. Insulating layer according to claim 1, characterized in that the layers (11,12) are designed to be elastic in partial areas ().

5. Insulating layer according to claim 4, characterized in that the partial areas () are designed to run in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction of the layers (11, 12).

6. Insulating layer according to claim 4, characterized in that the partial areas () extend over the entire material thickness of the layers (11, 12).

7. Insulating layer according to claim 4, characterized in that the partial areas () are strip-shaped and preferably extend over the entire width and / or length of the layers (11, 12).

8. Insulating layer according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one layer (11, 12) in a surface (13) has a plurality of recesses (24) which are filled with tough to brittle material, in particular with mortar, preferably adhesive mortar (25). .

9. Insulating layer according to claim 8, characterized in that the recesses (24) are round.

10. Insulating layer according to claim 8, characterized in that the recesses (24) are arranged in a regular grid or offset in rows.

11. Insulating layer according to claim 1, characterized in that that the layers (11, 12) preferably have different strength properties, in particular flexural tensile strengths and stiffnesses, in the longitudinal and transverse directions due to their mineral fiber orientation.

12. Insulating layer according to claim 11, characterized in that the layers (11, 12) are arranged such that they are aligned in the same direction or at right angles to one another depending on their strength properties.

13. Insulating layer according to claim 1, characterized in that the mineral fiber body (10) consists of several adjacent insulation panels.

14. Insulating layer according to claim 2, characterized in that the two outer layers (11) consist of stone wool and the middle layer (12) consist of glass wool.

15. Insulating layer according to claim 2, characterized in that at least the middle layer (12) has a laminar fiber course.

16. Insulating layer according to claim 1, characterized in that the total thickness of the layers (11, 12) is greater than the distance between two parallel legs (4) of the profile (2).

17. Insulating layer according to claim 2, characterized in that the outer layers (11) have a homogeneous structure, which is preferably characterized by an E; N tification, in particular achieved by mechanical fulling.

18. Insulating layer according to claim 1, characterized in that the layers (11, 12) are connected to one another, in particular glued.

19. Insulating layer according to claim 2, characterized in that the middle layer (12) is one compared to the outer layer. (11) has a greater length and protrudes in the longitudinal direction beyond the outer layers (11) in particular in the area of one, preferably both, long side(s) (14).

20. Insulating layer according to claim 19, characterized in that the middle layer (12) has a recess (17) running in the longitudinal direction and / or at least one at right angles thereto.

21. Insulating layer according to claim 20, characterized in that the recess (17) is T-shaped in cross section.

22. Insulating layer according to claim 1, characterized in that the long and / or narrow sides (14) of the mineral fiber body (10) are elasticized in particular by compression.

23. Insulating layer according to claim 1, characterized in that stiffening laminations (15) are arranged on the outer surfaces (13) of the outer layers (11).

24. Insulating layer according to claim 23, characterized in that the middle layer (12) protrudes at least on one side beyond the outer layers (11) and the laminations (15).

25. Insulating layer according to claim 2 or 24, characterized in that the middle layer (12) protrudes further over one long side (14) of the outer layers (11) than over the opposite long side (14) of the outer layers (11 ).

26. Insulating layer according to claim 23, characterized in that the laminations (15) consist of fiber flour bound and hardened with at least one organic and / or inorganic binder.

27. Insulating layer according to claim 2 or 23, characterized in that the laminations (15) and/or the outer layers (11) have a bulk density of 200 to 600 kg/m ³ .

28. Insulating layer according to claim 2 or 23, characterized in that the laminations (15) and / or the outer layers (11) have a layer thickness of 3 to 20 mm.

29. Insulating layer according to claim 23, characterized in that the laminations (15) have an outer contour, in particular corrugated or trapezoidal design corresponding to a cladding (9) to be applied, for example made of plasterboard and/or gypsum fiber boards.

30. Insulating layer according to claim 2 or 23, characterized in that a thin layer of insulating felt is arranged on the outer layers (11) or the laminations (15).

31. Insulating layer according to claim 1, characterized in that between the two layers (11) there is a middle layer (12) made of a tough, hard to brittle material, for example a softwood fiber, plasterboard, gypsum fiber, calcium silicate, aerated concrete or fiber cement. ment plate is arranged.

32. Insulating layer according to claim 31, characterized in that the outer layers (11) have a greater length than the middle layer (12) and protrude beyond the middle layer (12) at both longitudinal ends.

33. Insulating layer according to claim 31, characterized in that the middle layer (12) is completely covered by the outer layers (11) at least transversely to the longitudinal direction.

34. Insulating layer according to claim 31, characterized in that the middle layer (12) consists of a set binder, for example mortar, preferably adhesive mortar or fine-grain adhesive or filler with quickly hardening binders.

5. Insulating layer according to claim 31, characterized in that the middle layer (12) is glued to at least one outer layer (11).

36. Insulating layer according to claim 35, characterized in that the bonding consists of a plastic adhesive or a non-flammable adhesive based on water glass.

37. Insulating layer according to claim 31, characterized in that between the middle layer (12) and at least one outer layer (11) there is an impregnation layer (21) made of a particularly adhesion-promoting agent.

38. Insulating layer according to claim 31, characterized in that the middle layer (12) has grooves (22) extending in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction.

39. Insulating layer according to claim 38, characterized in that the grooves (22) are rectangular in cross section, in particular square.

40. Insulating layer according to claim 38, characterized in that the grooves (22) have a depth that matches the material thickness of the middle layer (12).

41. Insulating layer according to claim 38, characterized in that strips (23) made of insulating material, in particular made of stone or glass wool, are arranged in a positive and/or non-positive manner in the grooves (22).

42. Insulating layer according to claim 38, characterized in that the strips (23) are glued into the grooves (22).

43. Insulating layer according to claim 38, characterized in that the strips (23) are formed in one piece with an outer layer (11).

44. Insulating layer according to claim 38, characterized in that the grooves (22) are formed continuously in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction of the middle layer (12).

45. Building wall with a supporting framework, consisting of at least two spaced-apart, preferably vertically aligned stands, in particular in the form of C-, U-, W- or Ω-shaped profiles made of metal, at least one-sided cladding, preferably in the form of Plasterboard and/or gypsum fiber boards, and thermal and/or sound insulation consisting of an insulating layer, characterized in that the insulating layer (3) consists of at least two sandwich-like layers (11, 12) which have a different bulk density and/or have dynamic stiffness.

46. Building wall according to claim 45, characterized in that the insulating layer (3) consists of three layers (11, 12), of which the middle layer (12) has a lower bulk density and / or dynamic Stiffer than the two outer layers (11).

47. Building wall according to claim 45, characterized in that the insulating layer (3) consists of several adjoining insulation panels.

48. Building wall according to claim 46, characterized in that the two outer layers (11) are made of rock wool and the middle one

Layer (12) consists of glass wool.

49. Building wall according to claim 46, characterized in that at least the middle layer (12) has a laminar fiber course.

50. Building wall according to claim 46, characterized in that the total thickness of the layers (11, 12) is greater than the distance between two parallel legs (4) of the profile (2).

51. Building wall according to claim 46, characterized in that the outer layers (11) have a homogeneous structure, which is preferably achieved by elasticization, in particular by mechanical fulling.

52. Building wall according to claim 46, characterized in that the layers (11, 12) are connected to one another, in particular glued.

53. Building wall according to claim 46, characterized in that the middle layer (12) has a greater length compared to the outer layers (11) and in particular in the area of one, preferably both long side (s) (14) in the longitudinal direction the outer ones

Layers (11) protrude.

54. Building wall according to claim 46, characterized in that the middle layer (12) has a recess (17) running in the longitudinal direction and / or at least one at right angles thereto.

55. Building wall according to claim 46, characterized in that the recess (17) is T-shaped in cross section.

56. Building wall according to claim 46, characterized in that the long and / or narrow sides (14) of the insulating layer (3) is elasticized in particular by compression.

57. Building wall according to claim 46, characterized in that stiffening laminations (15) are arranged on the outer surfaces (13) of the outer layers (11).

58. Building wall according to claim 46, characterized in that the middle layer (12) protrudes at least on one side beyond the outer layers (11) and the laminations (15).

59. Building wall according to claim 58, characterized in that the middle layer (12) protrudes further over one long side (14) of the outer layers (11) than over the opposite long side (14) of the outer layers (11).

60. Building wall according to claim 57, characterized in that the laminations (15) consist of fiber flour bound and hardened with at least one organic and / or inorganic binder.

61. Building wall according to claim 46 or 57, characterized in that the laminations (15) and/or the outer layers (11) have a bulk density of 200 to 600 kg/m ³ .

62. Building wall according to claim 46 or 57, characterized in that the laminations (15) and / or the outer layers (11) have a layer thickness of 3 to 20 mm.

63. Building wall according to claim 57, characterized in that the laminations (15) have an outer contour, in particular wave-shaped or trapezoidal configuration corresponding to a cladding (9) to be applied, for example made of plasterboard and / or gypsum fiber boards.

64. Building wall according to claim 46 or 57, characterized in that a thin layer of insulating felt is arranged on the outer layers (11) or the laminations (15).

65. Building wall according to claim 46, characterized in that a middle layer (12) made of a plasterboard, gypsum fiber, calcium silicate, aerated concrete or fiber cement board is arranged between the two layers (11) and that the outer layers (11 ) have a greater length than the middle layer (12) and protrude beyond the middle layer (12) at both longitudinal ends.

66. Building wall according to claim 46, characterized in that the middle layer (12) is completely encased by the outer layers (11), at least transversely to the longitudinal direction.