EP1525227A2 - Nanocomposites, procede de production et utilisation desdits nanocomposites - Google Patents

Nanocomposites, procede de production et utilisation desdits nanocomposites

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Publication number
EP1525227A2
EP1525227A2 EP03794812A EP03794812A EP1525227A2 EP 1525227 A2 EP1525227 A2 EP 1525227A2 EP 03794812 A EP03794812 A EP 03794812A EP 03794812 A EP03794812 A EP 03794812A EP 1525227 A2 EP1525227 A2 EP 1525227A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nanocomposites
nanofillers
nanocomposites according
producing
binder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03794812A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andreas Hartwig
Monika Sebald
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of EP1525227A2 publication Critical patent/EP1525227A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/005—Reinforced macromolecular compounds with nanosized materials, e.g. nanoparticles, nanofibres, nanotubes, nanowires, nanorods or nanolayered materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
    • C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
    • C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
    • C08G59/42—Polycarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or low molecular weight esters thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
    • C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/28—Compounds of silicon
    • C09C1/30—Silicic acid
    • C09C1/3081—Treatment with organo-silicon compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/36—Compounds of titanium
    • C09C1/3607—Titanium dioxide
    • C09C1/3684—Treatment with organo-silicon compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D163/00—Coating compositions based on epoxy resins; Coating compositions based on derivatives of epoxy resins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D167/00—Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D167/06—Unsaturated polyesters having carbon-to-carbon unsaturation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
    • C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
    • C09D7/62—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic modified by treatment with other compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J167/00—Adhesives based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J167/06—Unsaturated polyesters having carbon-to-carbon unsaturation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2363/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
    • C08L2666/54—Inorganic substances
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]

Definitions

  • Patent application nanocomposites, process for their production and their use
  • the invention relates to composites of nanoscale fillers and binders, a process for their production and their use.
  • nanocomposites are obtained either using the so-called sol-gel process or by mechanically incorporating agglomerated nanofillers.
  • alkoxysilanes are hydrolyzed and the silanols formed condense slowly to form particles with diameters of a few nanometers with the elimination of water. If tetraalkoxysilanes are used, unfunctionalized silicon dioxide nanoparticles are obtained. Particles are primarily synthesized by the Stöber process (W. Stöber, J. Coll. Interf. Sei. 26 (1968) 62). When trialkoxysilanes with another functional group are used, the resulting nanoparticles carry the corresponding functional groups. With a suitable choice, these groups are then able to react with an organic matrix.
  • composites can be made from agglomerated nanoparticles in an organic matrix.
  • the most commonly used agglomerated nanofiller is flame-pyrolytically produced silicon dioxide.
  • the flame-pyrolytically produced silicon dioxide is therefore usually used as a thixotropic agent.
  • a surface treatment with silanes in the gas phase is described in some cases.
  • solutions of the silanes in alcohols are sprayed onto the dry powder.
  • Both ways of surface modification lead to a less thixotropic effect of the treated nanofillers and to an initial breakdown of the agglomerates in the organic binder.
  • the measures are not sufficient to provide largely isolated nanoparticles in an organic binder.
  • the present invention is based on the technical problem of overcoming the disadvantages of the prior art and of providing nanocomposites which consist of nanoparticles in an organic matrix and an inexpensive process for their preparation. In particular, the use of expensive components in large quantities should be avoided.
  • commercially available agglomerated nanopowders are dispersed in an organic solvent for the production of the nanocomposites according to the invention and organically modified on the surface with a silane, chlorosilane, silazane, titanate and / or zirconate.
  • the dispersion of the modified nanoparticles in the solvent is used directly, or preferably the solvent is stripped off, and the dry nanopowder is then incorporated into the organic binder.
  • nanocomposite is understood to mean mixtures of a binder or a polymeric matrix and organically modified nanofillers.
  • the agglomerates usually formed by nanofillers are surprisingly broken up to such an extent that at least 60%, preferably at least 80%, of the agglomerates have a particle diameter of less than 300 nm. In most cases, it is even possible to achieve individual particles and agglomerates with diameters of less than 100 nm.
  • the systems according to the invention have the advantages associated with nanofillers. These are the possibility to provide transparent but still filled composites and an improvement in the mechanical and thermal properties.
  • the composites according to the invention stand out from the so-called sol-gel materials by a simplified production, more universal applicability and the possibility of providing dry nanofillers.
  • the nanoparticles according to the invention which have been organically modified in an organic solvent have the advantage that they have the theological properties of the nanocomposites produced therewith compared to the influence the unfilled binder only slightly.
  • the nanofillers according to the prior art usually have a strong thixotropic and thickening effect.
  • the nanocomposites according to the invention have the advantage of inexpensive production.
  • the fillers required for the production are made from available agglomerated nanofillers by organic surface treatment. Compared to the sol-gel process known from the prior art, this procedure has the advantage that significantly smaller amounts of the expensive organic components can be used, since they are only required for surface treatment and not for the production of the entire particles.
  • the agglomerated nanopowders to be used as the starting material are, in particular, oxidic or nitridic compounds which have been produced by flame-pyrolysis or by precipitation. But also agglomerated nanofillers on a different basis, e.g. Barium sulfate or barium titanate are suitable. Oxides are preferably used, and particularly preferably flame-pyrolytically produced silicon dioxide.
  • the organic modification of the surface in the solvent takes place by treatment with a siloxane, chlorosilane, silazane, titanate or zirconate.
  • a siloxane chlorosilane, silazane, titanate or zirconate.
  • the R 'bonded via the oxygen is any organic functional group, preferably an alkyl group and particularly preferably methyl, ethyl or isopropyl. These groups are split off in the form of the alcohol during the organic modification In the case of modification with the silazane, ammonia is split off and, in the case of chlorosilanes, hydrochloric acid The alcohol, hydrochloric acid or ammonia formed is no longer contained in the nanocomposite produced in the subsequent steps.
  • the functional group R is preferably any organic group and is bonded directly to the silicon, titanium or zirconium via a carbon atom.
  • the groups R may be the same or different. R is selected so that the group can react chemically with the monomer used to produce the nanocomposite or has a high affinity for the organic binder.
  • R preferably contains an epoxy group or an amino, carboxylic acid, thiol or alcohol group which can react with an epoxy group.
  • R is particularly preferably 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyl, 3-glycidoxypropyl, 3-aminopropyl and 3-mercaptopropyl.
  • R preferably contains a reactive double bond.
  • R is particularly preferably vinyl or styryl or contains a vinyl or styryl group.
  • R preferably contains an isocyanate, amino, alcohol, thiol or carboxylic acid group.
  • R is particularly preferably 3-isocyanatopropyl, 3-aminopropyl and 3-mercaptopropyl.
  • the mixture of organically modified nanofillers and organic binder is hardened using the methods customary for the respective binder. This is typically a thermal reaction at room temperature or elevated temperature, reaction with air humidity or UV or electron beam curing.
  • the organically modified nanofillers according to the invention can be used in the manufacture of the nanocomposites on their own or as a combination of different nanofillers or different particle size distribution can be used. In order to be able to achieve particularly high fill levels, it is advisable to combine nanofillers with different particle size distributions and, if necessary, even to add microfillers. Furthermore, the nanocomposites according to the invention can contain the additives customary for polymeric materials, such as antioxidants, leveling agents, dispersing aids, dyes, pigments, further fillers or stabilizers.
  • the solvent in which the modification of the nanofillers is carried out is preferably a polar aprotic solvent and particularly preferably acetone, butanone, ethyl acetate, methyl isobutyl ketone, tetrahydrofuran and diisopropyl ether.
  • the direct modification in the organic binders to be used for the production of the nanocomposites is a particularly preferred procedure.
  • the monomers to be polymerized as individual components or as a formulation are the solvents to be used.
  • an acid e.g. Hydrochloric acid
  • a catalyst e.g. Hydrochloric acid
  • catalytic amounts of water preferably between 0.1% and 5%, must be present in order to carry out the modification. This water is often already present as an adsorbate on the surfaces of the agglomerated nanofillers used as the starting material. Additional water, e.g. can also be added in the form of a dilute acid.
  • an advantageous development of the invention is the modification of the surface of the nanofillers with dyes.
  • the group R of the siloxane, silazane, titanate or zirconate used for the modification is a dye or can react with a dye.
  • the binding of the dye to the surface of the nanofiller can take place both via a covalent bond and via an ionic bond.
  • the plastic components and lacquers which contain the nanofillers modified with dyes have a better bleaching resistance than the plastic components and lacquers which contain the same dyes without being bound to the nanofillers. In this way it is possible to provide transparent polymeric materials that are resistant to bleaching.
  • the method according to the invention is also particularly suitable for providing the filler particles which can be excited by fields for the production of thermosets according to DE 102 10 661 A1.
  • nanocomposites are available in which the agglomerated nanofillers can be excited by electrical, magnetic and / or electromagnetic fields.
  • Adhesive compositions according to DE 102 10 661 A1 can be hardened under mild conditions to form a permanent adhesive bond with high strength and can be removed again without the long-term stability of the adhesive bond having to suffer. Due to the organic modification according to the invention in a solvent, the stimulable nanoparticles can be distributed particularly homogeneously in such adhesive compositions.
  • an additional mechanical energy input by the conventional methods can take place before or during the modification. This can be done, for example, using ultrasound, a high-speed stirrer, a dissolver, a bead mill or a rotor-stator mixer.
  • this is the preferred procedure, in particular when the organic binder for the production of the nanocomposites is used directly as a solvent. If the binder is not used as a solvent, the binder to be used can be filled directly with the dispersion of the organically modified nanofiller in the organic solvent.
  • the solvent is drawn off after the mixture of binder and organically modified nanofiller has been produced or only at the later stage Application of the nanocomposite from binder and nanofiller.
  • the latter is a practicable procedure, particularly in the case of solvent-based paints based on the nanocomposites according to the invention.
  • the organically modified nanofiller is preferably freed from the solvent and further processed as a dry powder.
  • the dry, organically modified nanofiller powder is then added to the binder and incorporated with mechanical energy input.
  • the incorporation can take place, for example, using ultrasound, a high-speed stirrer, a dissolver, a bead mill, a roller mill or a rotor-stator mixer.
  • the organically modified nanofiller is preferably incorporated into the monomer on which the thermoplastic is based. These monomers are then polymerized conventionally, resulting in the nanocomposites according to the invention.
  • the organically modified nanofiller is incorporated into methyl methacrylate.
  • the subsequent polymerization results in a filled polymethyl methacrylate.
  • this is transparent and has improved mechanical properties (e.g. scratch, tensile and bending strength) compared to the unfilled material.
  • Another example is a nanocomposite based on polystyrene as a binder.
  • the organically modified nanofiller is incorporated into styrene and then polymerized conventionally. If a siloxane, chlorosilane, silazane, titanate or ziconate is used in the modification of the nanofillers, in which the group R can polymerize together with the monomer, the nanocomposite formed is crosslinked. In this case, the organically modified nanoparticles act as crosslinker particles. If the groups R cannot react with the monomer, the nanocomposite formed is thermoplastic.
  • the modified nanoparticles can also be easily incorporated into the melt of thermoplastics. This is done particularly effectively with an extruder or twin-screw extruder.
  • a polystyrene melt can be effectively modified by extruding pyrogenic silica treated with phenyltriethoxysilane in butanone. Polymer dispersions are required for many applications. So far, these could not be modified with nanoparticles.
  • polymer dispersions modified with nanofillers can be produced. This is done by incorporating the surface-modified nanofillers according to the invention into the monomer on which the polymer dispersions are based, then dispersing this monomer / nanofiller mixture in water with the addition of a surfactant and then dispersing or emulsion polymerizing.
  • the surface modification of the nanofiller is preferably carried out directly in the monomer or monomer mixture.
  • the nanofiller particles can be chemically bound to the polymer formed.
  • any gradation between silanes with reactive and non-reactive groups can be made here.
  • Manufacture modified polystyrene latex or polystyrene-co-butadiene latex with nanofiller particles by incorporating pyrogenic silica with simultaneous surface treatment with phenyltriethoxysilane in the monomer, dispersing the filled monomer in water with the addition of a surfactant and subsequent thermal polymerization using a radical initiator.
  • the nanofiller according to the invention is incorporated analogously into the polymer on which the dispersion is based and then the dispersion is produced as with the unmodified polymer.
  • the properties of the nanocomposites with the organically modified nanofillers can be further improved if, in addition, platelet-shaped or needle-shaped nanofillers are preferably added in amounts of between 0.1 and 10%.
  • Boehmite, bentonite, montmorillonite, vermicullite, hectorite and laponite are preferably used for this.
  • the platelet-shaped nanofillers are organically modified according to the prior art.
  • the Addition of the platelet-shaped or needle-shaped nanofillers to the nanocomposites according to the invention leads to a further increase in the mechanical strength.
  • the nanocomposites as an adhesive or potting compound, the further increase in thermal conductivity, the improvement in mechanical strength and the reduction in combustibility due to the addition of the platelet-shaped nanofillers should be emphasized as a further improvement in properties.
  • nanocomposites according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously in the form of adhesives, casting compounds, lacquers, coatings and molded plastic parts.
  • the particular advantage of the nanocomposites according to the invention is the improved scratch and abrasion resistance compared to the unfilled lacquers. At the same time, transparency is maintained. This combination of properties is particularly useful when using top coats e.g. in demand for automotive painting and parquet lacquers.
  • Another application is the painting of transparent plastics, in particular polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate and polystyrene, in order to improve the scratch resistance of the surface without impairing the transparency.
  • the modified nanoparticles according to the invention can be used to apply both surface adhesion (e.g. to contaminants or pressure sensitive adhesives) and mechanical properties (e.g. abrasion, strength) ) modify. This also has an impact on the feel of the polymer and can therefore be used on handles and other objects touched by hand.
  • surface adhesion e.g. to contaminants or pressure sensitive adhesives
  • mechanical properties e.g. abrasion, strength
  • This also has an impact on the feel of the polymer and can therefore be used on handles and other objects touched by hand.
  • the improvement of the mechanical strength and the thermal conductivity is particularly important.
  • a special form of casting compound or adhesive is required in the dental field. Both when filling and veneering teeth, as well as when making prostheses, etc. particularly abrasion-resistant and mechanically resilient polymer materials are required. These can be made available with the nanocomposites according to the invention.
  • the preferred basis of such materials are the reactive materials known from the prior art. Methacrylates and acrylates should be mentioned in particular.
  • the hardening is preferably carried out photochemically, for which purpose suitable photoinitiators (e.g. camphorquinone) are added.
  • nanocomposites according to the invention can furthermore advantageously be used in aircraft construction, in electronics, for automotive painting and for painting transparent plastics (e.g. car windows made of polycarbonate).
  • Dispersions modified with nanofillers are preferred for water-based paints, coatings and adhesives - especially contact and pressure sensitive adhesives.
  • Solvent-based polymer preparations are often used for the same applications needed. These can be made available either by incorporating the modified nanofillers or modifying the nanofillers in the finished polymer solution. On the other hand, it can also be modified in the monomer or the monomer / solvent mixture and only then polymerized.
  • Aerosil 200 40.3 g were suspended in butanone (650 g) for 5 min and 25.5 g of 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane (ECHTMO) and 5.6 g of 1N hydrochloric acid were added dropwise for catalysis. The mixture was stirred for 48 hours. The butanone was then removed completely on a rotary evaporator. A loose porous white powder was obtained. b) Production of a masterbatch in epoxy resin
  • a masterbatch with 50% by weight of the modified filler is produced in the epoxy resin ERL 4221 (Union Carbide).
  • 30.2 g of the filler modified according to a) and 1.5 g of Disperbyk-1 1 1 were added to 30 g of the epoxy resin in several portions while stirring with the Dispermat CA 40 C at 1-2 m / s. Dispersion was carried out at 8 m / s between the additions.
  • the mixture was dispersed for a total of 8.5 h at a peripheral speed of 8 m / s (125 ml vessel, 30 mm 0 dissolver disc).
  • the sample was then degassed on a vacuum dispenser at 2300 rpm for 2 hours. The result is a transparent resin system that is diluted to the desired filler concentration with additional resin if necessary.
  • FIG. 1 shows the examination of the polymer obtained in the transmission electron microscope.
  • the agglomerates typical of the unmodified filler are largely broken up by the modification, which is the reason for the good transparency of the sample.
  • the masterbatch produced is diluted with additional epoxy resin to a filler content of 25% by weight and 1% of the Sarcat CD 1010 photoinitiator (Sartomer) is added.
  • the mixture hardens by irradiation with UV light and is used in Example 7 to investigate the abrasion resistance.
  • titanium dioxide P25 (Degussa) was silanized with 3.94 g of ECHTMO.
  • the P25 was suspended in 400 g of butanone, the ECHTMO and 8.86 g of 1N HCl were added dropwise and the mixture was stirred for 24 hours on a magnetic stirrer. The butanone was then removed completely on a rotary evaporator.
  • the modified titanium dioxide P25 was obtained as a loose white powder.
  • FIG. 2 shows a TEM image of the nanocomposite hardened by UV radiation.
  • the filler is in the form of largely isolated particles:
  • binder as an organic solvent
  • the samples a), b) and c) based on the epoxy resin ERL 4221 were squeegee with a wire doctor knife of 60 ⁇ m on 10 X 10 cm polycarbonate disks and in two runs in the UV radiation system BK 200 (arccure technologies) (ambient atmosphere, 100% Exposure, 28% transport speed) cured.
  • the acrylate samples d) and e) were heated to approx. 50 ° C, doctored onto preheated 10 X 10 cm aluminum disks with a thickness of 60 ⁇ m and in the UV radiation system BK 200 (arccure technologies) in two runs (ambient atmosphere, 100% Exposure, 28% transport speed) cured.
  • the following abrasions were measured:
  • the abrasion of the modified coatings is less by a factor of 2 to 4 than that of the non-filled base resins.
  • a base resin is prepared from 120 GT Genomer 4302, 74 GT Genomer 1223 and 2 GT Additive 99-622 (all Rahn). 2.8 g of Aerosil 200 (Degussa) is gradually stirred in with 1 ml of Disperbyk-1 1 1 (BYK) in 61.9 g of base resin using a Dispermat. The mixture was then dispersed at 8 m / s for 3 hours. Even with the low filling level of 4.3% by weight, a non-transparent, highly viscous, thixotropic resin resulted.
  • Aerosil 200 20 g are placed in a bottle with 12.7 g of ECHTMO and mixed for one hour on a shaker. The mixture is left to react further overnight and the remaining silane and the methanol formed are removed in vacuo. The reaction product is dispersed in 100 g ERL 4221 at a peripheral speed of 8 m / s. A highly viscous white resin system is formed.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de production de nanocomposites à partir de nanopoudres sous forme agglomérée et de liants organiques. La modification de surface des nanocharges dans un milieu organique permet la dispersion durable des agglomérats et la production de nanocomposites transparents. La nanopoudre modifiée est de préférence isolée en tant que produit intermédiaire sec. La production des nanocomposites susmentionnés est plus simple que la production de nanocomposites par la technique sol-gel et le présent procédé de production présente une applicabilité plus large et plus flexible. Ces nanocomposites trouvent une application importante dans la production de peintures résistantes à l'abrasion.
EP03794812A 2002-09-07 2003-09-04 Nanocomposites, procede de production et utilisation desdits nanocomposites Withdrawn EP1525227A2 (fr)

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DE10241510 2002-09-07
DE10241510A DE10241510A1 (de) 2002-09-07 2002-09-07 Nanokomposite, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung
PCT/DE2003/002933 WO2004024811A2 (fr) 2002-09-07 2003-09-04 Nanocomposites, procede de production et utilisation desdits nanocomposites

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EP (1) EP1525227A2 (fr)
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AU (1) AU2003266194A1 (fr)
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WO (1) WO2004024811A2 (fr)

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WO2004024811A2 (fr) 2004-03-25
DE10393704D2 (de) 2005-07-21
DE10241510A1 (de) 2004-03-18
JP2005538228A (ja) 2005-12-15
AU2003266194A1 (en) 2004-04-30
AU2003266194A8 (en) 2004-04-30
US20060084723A1 (en) 2006-04-20
WO2004024811A3 (fr) 2004-09-16

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