EP1524738B1 - Isolating brush guide - Google Patents

Isolating brush guide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1524738B1
EP1524738B1 EP04022219A EP04022219A EP1524738B1 EP 1524738 B1 EP1524738 B1 EP 1524738B1 EP 04022219 A EP04022219 A EP 04022219A EP 04022219 A EP04022219 A EP 04022219A EP 1524738 B1 EP1524738 B1 EP 1524738B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carbon brush
brush guide
guide
carbon
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04022219A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1524738A1 (en
Inventor
Dietmar Berghänel
Rainer Schach
Jörg SKRIPPEK
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
Original Assignee
BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH filed Critical BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH
Publication of EP1524738A1 publication Critical patent/EP1524738A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1524738B1 publication Critical patent/EP1524738B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/38—Brush holders
    • H01R39/40—Brush holders enabling brush movement within holder during current collection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/38—Brush holders
    • H01R39/388—Brush holders characterised by the material of the brush holder
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/18—Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush
    • H01R39/24—Laminated contacts; Wire contacts, e.g. metallic brush, carbon fibres

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a carbon brush guide for a power transmission unit of a dynamo-electric machine, in particular for an electric motor, wherein the power transmission unit consists of at least one carbon brush, which is designed in particular as a multilayer carbon brush, and a carbon brush guide made of metal, which has an insulating layer at least on the carbon brush side.
  • a carbon brush guide of an electric motor which consists of a tinned sheet steel coated with an insulating layer and which is particularly suitable for a multilayer carbon.
  • the insulation layer applied in the carbon brush guide serves to avoid a short-circuit current or cross-current between the individual layers of the multilayer carbon brush.
  • a paint such as phenolic resin, epoxy resin or polystyrene is applied to the steel sheet of carbon brush guide.
  • the gap can be tightly tolerated.
  • the disadvantage of such insulation is that the insulation layer can not be stressed as much thermally and mechanically as a pure metal guide.
  • a metal brush holder known from EP 0 358 812 A1, ie a metal brush guide, for a multilayer carbon brush
  • the guide walls of the brush holder are coated with an insulating layer of polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the brush quiver In order to achieve a sufficient mechanical adhesion and resistance of the insulation layer, the brush quiver must be elaborately pretreated and the insulation layer must be made relatively thick. The production costs are significantly increased by such an embodiment of the metal brush holder over conventional brush holder.
  • the Gap between the carbon brush guide and the carbon brush are not as tight tolerated, since the layer thickness of such insulation itself has relatively large differences in thickness.
  • carbon brush guides are also known from the prior art, which usually consist of sheet brass and have no insulation layer. Large gaps must be present between such an electrically conductive carbon brush guide and a multilayer carbon brush, so that the multilayer carbon brush usually touches the carbon brush guide only with a maximum of one carbon layer.
  • the carbon brushes within the carbon brush guide can tilt so that at least two different layers of the carbon brush come into line with the guide. Thus arise in this position short-circuit currents, which lead to excessive heating of motor windings and collector and increased brush wear.
  • the carbon brush runs in this tilted position over a brush edge, whereby even an unnecessary brush noise is generated.
  • GB-A-2191346 discloses a carbon brush guide according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide for a carbon brush guide of the type mentioned insulation between a carbon brush and its leadership, which is thermally and mechanically strong load, and that the carbon brush guide is economical to manufacture.
  • the carbon brush guide should be such that when used properly in a dynamo-electric machine no unnecessary brush noise and on the other hand, the carbon brush has the least possible wear.
  • the carbon brush guide made of aluminum, since aluminum has very good thermoelectric properties.
  • the aluminum forms advantageously during anodizing a non-conductive very thin oxide layer. This alumina layer or
  • Eloxal Anlagen! usually has a thickness of 5 microns to 30 microns and is still extremely durable and thermally and mechanically resistant. In addition, advantageously the good thermal properties of the aluminum are maintained.
  • the heat generated at the commutator can be absorbed by the anodized layer and dissipated via the thermally conductive carbon brush guide. This is particularly important because during operation of the dynamo-electric machine, the heat generated at the commutator, in particular at the contact point of the carbon brush to the commutator, heat must be dissipated as quickly and adequately. As a result, advantageously a wear of the carbon brush can be additionally reduced.
  • the anodized layer is advantageously formed in a dark color, preferably in black.
  • the power transmission unit consisting of the carbon brush guide and the carbon brush may additionally include a holder for receiving the carbon brush guide.
  • This holder is generally made of plastic. So that the heat can be dissipated again in such a power transmission unit of the carbon brush guide, this carbon brush guide is advantageously not completely surrounded by the plastic holder. Thus, the heat can be radiated over the remaining free surfaces of the carbon brush guide again.
  • the carbon brush guide is bent from an anodized aluminum sheet. Anodizing the already manufactured aluminum carbon brush guide proved to be significantly more expensive. In addition, very even layer thicknesses can be generated when anodising flat surfaces.
  • the carbon brush and / or the carbon brush guide is designed so that the carbon brush and the carbon brush guide can not touch in the crack areas of the anodized layer. This reliably prevents the formation of short-circuit currents, in particular between the layers of a multilayer carbon brush.
  • the carbon brush can also be provided with a chamfer on its longitudinal edges, so as to produce the required distance from the crack regions of the anodization layer of the carbon brush guide.
  • the carbon brush guide 5 of a power transmission unit for a washing machine electric motor is determined.
  • This washing machine electric motor is preferably a universal motor.
  • the universal motor (not shown) includes, inter alia, a stator, a rotor, a commutator, two bearing plates and the power transmission unit, which consists essentially of the carbon brush guide 5, the carbon brush 1 and the holder 8.
  • the rotor and the stator are each provided with iron packets and corresponding windings for generating magnetic fields.
  • the commutator is mechanically connected to the rotor shaft and electrically connected to the rotor windings.
  • the stator is mechanically attached to the bearing plates, which also serve to accommodate and support the rotor shaft.
  • the holder 8 of the power transmission unit is attached to one of the bearing plates.
  • FIG. 1 shows a two-layer carbon brush 1 which is composed of two interconnected by means of a non-conductive connection 3 conductive carbon halves 2, 4 consists.
  • the one end face of the carbon brush 1 rests on the commutator, whereby a conductive connection between a commutator blade and the carbon brush is formed, and the other end face of the carbon brush 1 is contacted with a Stromzu arrangementslitze, whereby the two carbon halves 2 and 4 at the contact point with each other are electrically connected.
  • the carbon brush guide 5 is shown purely schematically in FIG.
  • this carbon brush guide 5 is made of an aluminum sheet, which is anodized on both sides.
  • the carbon brush guide 5 is on both sides with a non-conductive aluminum oxide or anodized coating 6, 7 equipped.
  • the carbon brush 1 facing layer 6 causes the two carbon halves 2 and 4 are not short-circuited in a possible contact of the carbon brush guide 5. Such a contact occurs in particular when the carbon brush 1 tilts slightly during operation in the carbon brush guide 5.
  • the insulating layer 6 avoids a short circuit between the coal halves 2 and 4.
  • the coal halves 2, 4 are always energized evenly. Such energization of the carbon halves 2, 4 leads to a uniform and low brush wear.
  • the outer wall of the carbon brush guide 5 is equipped with a non-conductive Eloxal Anlagen 7.
  • a non-conductive Eloxal Anlagen 7 possible leakage currents between the conductive bearing plate and the carbon brush guide 5 are avoided. This is especially important if the holder 8 can not ensure a sufficient distance between the bearing plate and the carbon brush guide 5 due to its shape.
  • the carbon brush guide 6 is mounted directly on the bearing plate, since the outer anodized layer 7 is sufficiently insulating.
  • the power transmission unit can be made even more cost-effective, since it is possible to dispense with the holder 8 of the carbon brush guide 5.
  • the anodized layer 6, 7 is applied to the carbon brush guide 5 in a thickness of 15 ⁇ m. But other layer thicknesses between 5 and 30 microns are possible. Such Eloxal harshen 6, 7 are sufficiently insulating and thereby very resistant to wear and resistant to climatic and chemical influences. Because the thickness of the Eloxal layer 6 can be produced very uniformly and a contact of the carbon brush 1 with the carbon brush guide 5 due to the non-conductive Eloxal harsh 6 is possible, the guide gap (game) between carbon brush 1 and carbon brush guide 5 can be tolerated very tight. A transverse play according to DIN 43008 between the carbon brush 1 and the carbon brush guide 5 is readily observed in the present embodiment and tilting of the carbon brush 1 in the carbon brush guide 5 is thus avoided. By such a precise guidance of the carbon brush 1 is precluded that a carbon brush edge passes over a commutator blade and thus generates a corresponding brush noise.
  • the anodized layer 6 of the carbon brush guide 5 is executed on the carbon brushes 1 facing surface in a black color.
  • Such coloring of the anodizing layer 6 is easily achievable in an anodization process by suitable choice of the production parameters. There are also other, especially dark, colors conceivable that can absorb heat radiation well. This special coloring ensures that the heat generated in the region of the carbon brush 1, which radiate the contact point between the carbon brush 1 and the commutator and the carbon brush 1 in the form of thermal radiation, is well absorbed by the anodized layer 6.
  • the heat absorbed by the anodizing layer 6 is released to the aluminum carbon brush guide 5 and radiated again on the side facing away from the carbon brushes 1.
  • the holder 8 of the carbon brush guide 5 is designed so that the carbon brush guide 5 is not completely enclosed by the holder 8.
  • the free outer surfaces of the carbon brush guide 5 then radiate the heat to the environment.
  • the heat radiation or the heat emission of the exposed surfaces of the carbon brush guide is additionally favored when the carbon brush guide is arranged in an air flow generated by the engine itself. This air flow can be influenced by a suitable design of the bearing plates and / or the stator.
  • the carbon brush guide 5 is fixed in direct contact with the bearing plate on the bearing plate of the engine.
  • the heat dissipation from the region of the carbon brush 1 is additionally favored, since the heat absorbed by the carbon brush guide 5 is discharged directly to the end shield.
  • Such a direct attachment of the carbon brush guide 5 to the bearing plate is made possible by the non-conductive outer anodized layer 7.
  • an aluminum sheet is anodized in a first production step.
  • a semifinished product for the carbon brush guide 5 is produced in a second production step.
  • the semi-finished product is punched from the anodized aluminum sheet, but other suitable methods are conceivable.
  • This semi-finished product is then bent in a third manufacturing step to the carbon brush guide 5.
  • the bending process is designed so that the anodized layer 6 lies inside, ie in the guide region of the carbon brush 1.
  • an anodized layer may crack in the bending area. Such cracks can reduce the insulating effect of the anodizing layer 6 with respect to the carbon brush 1 in the bending region.
  • 2 shows a favorable design possibility of a carbon brush guide 10, in which each deformation region of the carbon brush guide begins and ends with a convex curvature 11, that is, a curvature 11 facing away from the carbon brush 12. This ensures that the carbon brush 12 does not move when displaced curved surfaces of the carbon brush guide 10 can touch. Thus, a contact of the carbon brush 12 is excluded with the areas that may have possible cracks in the anodized layer 6. Over time, the exposed areas of aluminum within the cracks by the oxygen in the air automatically become an insulating layer of Al 2 O 3 again .
  • An alternative power transmission unit includes a special design of the carbon brush 1, in which the longitudinal edges of the carbon brush 1 each have a chamfer 9, as shown in Fig. 1. Also in this version will ensures that the carbon brush can not touch the bending areas of the carbon brush guide 5 during a displacement.
  • the present invention is not limited to the use of multi-layer carbon brushes, but it can also be applied to block carbon brushes.
  • the same embodiment of the carbon brush guide can be used for both types of carbon brushes and for AC and DC motors.

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  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
  • Fishing Rods (AREA)

Abstract

The carbon brush guide (5) is made of aluminium which is covered with an insulating aluminium oxide layer (6,7) at least on the side facing the multi-layer carbon brush (1), e.g. an artificially produced eloxal layer with a thickness of between 5 and 30 microns, used for absorption of heat radiation. Also included are Independent claims for the following: (A) a current transfer device with a carbon brush guide; (B) a carbon brush for a current transfer device; (C) a dynamoelectric machine; (D) a manufacturing method for a carbon brush guide.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kohlebürstenführung für eine Stromübertragungseinheit einer dynamo-elektrischen Maschine, insbesondere für einen Elektromotor, wobei die Stromübertragungseinheit mindestens aus einer Kohlebürste, die insbesondere als Mehrschichtkohlebürste ausgeführt ist, und einer Kohlebürstenführung aus Metall besteht, die mindestens kohlebürstenseitig eine isolierende Schicht aufweist.The invention relates to a carbon brush guide for a power transmission unit of a dynamo-electric machine, in particular for an electric motor, wherein the power transmission unit consists of at least one carbon brush, which is designed in particular as a multilayer carbon brush, and a carbon brush guide made of metal, which has an insulating layer at least on the carbon brush side.

Aus der DE 101 57 604 A1 ist eine Kohlebürstenführung eines Elektromotors bekannt, die aus einem mit einer Isolationsschicht überzogenen verzinnten Stahlblech besteht und die insbesondere für eine Mehrschichtkohle geeignet ist. Die in der Kohlebürstenführung aufgebrachte Isolationsschicht dient zur Vermeidung eines Kurzschlussstromes bzw. Querstromes zwischen den einzelnen Schichten der Mehrschichtkohlebürste. Als Isolationsschicht wird ein Lack wie Phenolharz-, Epoxidharz- oder Polystyrollack auf das Stahlblech der Kohlebürstenführung aufgebracht. Bei der Verwendung einer solchen Isolation zwischen der Kohlebürstenführung und der Mehrschichtkohlebürste kann der Zwischenraum eng toleriert werden. Nachteilig ist bei einer solchen Isolierung, dass die Isolationsschicht thermisch und mechanisch nicht so stark belastet werden kann, wie eine reine Metallführung.From DE 101 57 604 A1, a carbon brush guide of an electric motor is known, which consists of a tinned sheet steel coated with an insulating layer and which is particularly suitable for a multilayer carbon. The insulation layer applied in the carbon brush guide serves to avoid a short-circuit current or cross-current between the individual layers of the multilayer carbon brush. As a layer of insulation, a paint such as phenolic resin, epoxy resin or polystyrene is applied to the steel sheet of carbon brush guide. When using such an insulation between the carbon brush guide and the multilayer carbon brush, the gap can be tightly tolerated. The disadvantage of such insulation is that the insulation layer can not be stressed as much thermally and mechanically as a pure metal guide.

Bei einem aus EP 0 358 812 A1 bekannten Metallbürstenköcher, also einer Metallbürstenführung, für eine Mehrschichtkohlebürste werden die Führungswände des Bürstenköchers mit einer Isolationsschicht aus Polytetrafluoräthylen beschichtet. Um eine hinreichende mechanische Haftung und Beständigkeit der Isolationsschicht zu erzielen, muss der Bürstenköcher aufwendig vorbehandelt und die Isolationsschicht muss relativ dick ausgeführt werden. Die Herstellungskosten werden durch eine solche Ausführungsart des Metallbürstenköchers gegenüber üblichen Bürstenköcher deutlich verteuert. Außerdem können die Spalte zwischen der Kohlebürstenführung und der Kohlebürste nicht so eng toleriert werden, da die Schichtdicke einer solchen Isolation selbst relativ große Dickenunterschiede aufweist.In a metal brush holder known from EP 0 358 812 A1, ie a metal brush guide, for a multilayer carbon brush, the guide walls of the brush holder are coated with an insulating layer of polytetrafluoroethylene. In order to achieve a sufficient mechanical adhesion and resistance of the insulation layer, the brush quiver must be elaborately pretreated and the insulation layer must be made relatively thick. The production costs are significantly increased by such an embodiment of the metal brush holder over conventional brush holder. In addition, the Gap between the carbon brush guide and the carbon brush are not as tight tolerated, since the layer thickness of such insulation itself has relatively large differences in thickness.

Ferner sind aus dem Stand der Technik auch Kohlebürstenführungen bekannt, die üblicherweise aus Messingblech bestehen und keine Isolationsschicht aufweisen. Große Spalte müssen zwischen einer solchen elektrisch leitenden Kohlebürstenführung und einer Mehrschichtkohlebürste vorhanden sein, damit die Mehrschichtkohlebürste im Regelfall nur mit maximal einer Kohleschicht die Kohlebürstenführung berührt. Durch Drehung des Kommutators, an dem die Kohlebürsten anliegen, können die Kohlebürsten innerhalb der Kohlebürstenführung so kippen, dass mindestens zwei verschiedene Schichten der Kohlebürste mit der Führung linienförmig in Kontakt kommen. Somit entstehen in dieser Stellung Kurzschlussströme, die zu einer übermäßigen Erwärmung von Motorwicklungen und Kollektor und einem erhöhten Bürstenverschleiß führen. Außerdem läuft die Kohlebürste in dieser Kippstellung über eine Bürstenkante, wodurch noch ein unnötiges Bürstengeräusch erzeugt wird.Furthermore, carbon brush guides are also known from the prior art, which usually consist of sheet brass and have no insulation layer. Large gaps must be present between such an electrically conductive carbon brush guide and a multilayer carbon brush, so that the multilayer carbon brush usually touches the carbon brush guide only with a maximum of one carbon layer. By rotation of the commutator, which abut the carbon brushes, the carbon brushes within the carbon brush guide can tilt so that at least two different layers of the carbon brush come into line with the guide. Thus arise in this position short-circuit currents, which lead to excessive heating of motor windings and collector and increased brush wear. In addition, the carbon brush runs in this tilted position over a brush edge, whereby even an unnecessary brush noise is generated.

GB-A-2191346 offenbart eine Kohlebürstenführung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.GB-A-2191346 discloses a carbon brush guide according to the preamble of claim 1.

Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, für eine Kohlebürstenführung der eingangs genannten Art eine Isolierung zwischen einer Kohlebürste und deren Führung anzugeben, die thermisch und mechanisch stark belastbar ist, und dass die Kohlebürstenführung wirtschaftlich zu fertigen ist. Dabei soll zum einen die Kohlebürstenführung so beschaffen sein, dass beim bestimmungsgemäßen Einsatz in einer dynamo-elektrischen Maschine keine unnötigen Bürstengeräusche entstehen und zum anderen die Kohlebürste einen möglichst geringen Verschleiß aufweist.The invention is therefore based on the object to provide for a carbon brush guide of the type mentioned insulation between a carbon brush and its leadership, which is thermally and mechanically strong load, and that the carbon brush guide is economical to manufacture. Here, on the one hand, the carbon brush guide should be such that when used properly in a dynamo-electric machine no unnecessary brush noise and on the other hand, the carbon brush has the least possible wear.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 und das Verfahren des Anspruchs 10 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung werden durch die Merkmale der Unteransprüche dargestellt.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of claim 1 and the method of claim 10. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are represented by the features of the subclaims.

Als besonders vorteilhaft hat es sich erwiesen, die Kohlebürstenführung aus Aluminium auszubilden, da Aluminium sehr gute thermo-elektrische Eigenschaften aufweist. Außerdem bildet vorteilhafterweise das Aluminium beim Eloxieren eine nicht leitfähige sehr dünne Oxidschicht aus. Diese Aluminiumoxidschicht bzw.It has proved to be particularly advantageous to form the carbon brush guide made of aluminum, since aluminum has very good thermoelectric properties. In addition, the aluminum forms advantageously during anodizing a non-conductive very thin oxide layer. This alumina layer or

Eloxalschicht hat üblicherweise eine Dicke von 5 µm bis 30 µm und ist dabei noch äußerst beständig und thermisch wie mechanisch widerstandsfähig. Zusätzlich bleiben vorteilhafterweise die guten thermischen Eigenschaften des Aluminiums erhalten.Eloxalschicht usually has a thickness of 5 microns to 30 microns and is still extremely durable and thermally and mechanically resistant. In addition, advantageously the good thermal properties of the aluminum are maintained.

Durch eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung, bei der die Eloxalschicht als eine wärmeabsorbierende Schicht ausgebildet ist, kann die am Kommutator entstehende Wärme von der Eloxalschicht absorbiert und über die thermisch gut leitende Kohlebürstenführung abgeleitet werden. Dies ist insbesondere deshalb von Bedeutung, da beim Betrieb der dynamo-elektrischen Maschine die am Kommutator, insbesondere an der Kontaktstelle der Kohlebürste zum Kommutator, entstehende Wärme möglichst schnell und hinreichend abgeführt werden muss. Dadurch kann vorteilhafterweise ein Verschleiß der Kohlebürste zusätzlich verringert werden.By an advantageous development of the invention, in which the anodized layer is formed as a heat-absorbing layer, the heat generated at the commutator can be absorbed by the anodized layer and dissipated via the thermally conductive carbon brush guide. This is particularly important because during operation of the dynamo-electric machine, the heat generated at the commutator, in particular at the contact point of the carbon brush to the commutator, heat must be dissipated as quickly and adequately. As a result, advantageously a wear of the carbon brush can be additionally reduced.

Zur Ausbildung einer wärmeabsorbierenden Schicht wird die Eloxalschicht vorteilhafterweise in einer dunklen Farbe, vorzugsweise in schwarz, ausgebildet.To form a heat-absorbing layer, the anodized layer is advantageously formed in a dark color, preferably in black.

Die Stromübertragungseinheit bestehend aus der Kohlebürstenführung und der Kohlebürste kann zusätzlich einen Halter zur Aufnahme der Kohlenbürstenführung beinhalten. Dieser Halter wird im Allgemeinen aus Kunststoff gefertigt. Damit die Wärme bei einer solchen Stromübertragungseinheit von der Kohlebürstenführung wieder abgeführt werden kann, ist vorteilhafterweise diese Kohlebürstenführung nicht vollständig vom Kunststoff-Halter umgeben. So kann die Wärme über die freibleibenden äußeren Flächen der Kohlebürstenführung wieder abgestrahlt werden.The power transmission unit consisting of the carbon brush guide and the carbon brush may additionally include a holder for receiving the carbon brush guide. This holder is generally made of plastic. So that the heat can be dissipated again in such a power transmission unit of the carbon brush guide, this carbon brush guide is advantageously not completely surrounded by the plastic holder. Thus, the heat can be radiated over the remaining free surfaces of the carbon brush guide again.

Als ein besonders kostengünstiges Verfahren zur Herstellung der Kohlebürstenführung hat es sich erwiesen, dass die Kohlebürstenführung aus einem eloxierten Aluminiumblech gebogen wird. Ein Eloxieren der schon gefertigten Aluminium-Kohlebürstenführung erwies sich als deutlich aufwendiger. Außerdem können beim Eloxieren ebener Flächen sehr gleichmäßige Schichtdicken erzeugt werden.As a particularly inexpensive method for producing the carbon brush guide, it has been found that the carbon brush guide is bent from an anodized aluminum sheet. Anodizing the already manufactured aluminum carbon brush guide proved to be significantly more expensive. In addition, very even layer thicknesses can be generated when anodising flat surfaces.

Beim Biegen eines eloxierten Aluminiumbleches kann es vorkommen, dass die Eloxalschicht in den Biegebereichen reißt. In diesen Rissbereichen ist die Isolationswirkung deutlich vermindert. In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist die Kohlebürste und/oder die Kohlebürstenführung so gestaltet, dass die Kohlebürste und die Kohlebürstenführung sich in den Rissbereichen der Eloxalschicht nicht berühren können. Dadurch wird eine Ausbildung von Kürzschlussströmen, insbesondere zwischen den Schichten einer Mehrschichtkohlebürste, sicher unterbunden.When bending an anodized aluminum sheet, it can happen that the anodized layer breaks in the bending areas. In these crack areas, the insulation effect is significantly reduced. In a further advantageous embodiment of Invention, the carbon brush and / or the carbon brush guide is designed so that the carbon brush and the carbon brush guide can not touch in the crack areas of the anodized layer. This reliably prevents the formation of short-circuit currents, in particular between the layers of a multilayer carbon brush.

Vorteilhafterweise kann auch die Kohlebürste an ihren Längskanten mit einer Fase versehen werden, um so den benötigten Abstand zu den Rissbereichen der Eloxalschicht der Kohlebürstenführung herzustellen.Advantageously, the carbon brush can also be provided with a chamfer on its longitudinal edges, so as to produce the required distance from the crack regions of the anodization layer of the carbon brush guide.

Die Erfindung sowie deren vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen werden nachfolgend an Hand eines Ausführungsbeispiel und zweier Zeichnungen näher beschrieben. Darin zeigen

  • Fig. 1 einen schematisch dargestellten Querschnitt durch eine Kohlebürstenführung einer Stromübertragungseinheit mit einer Mehrschichtkohlebürste und
  • Fig. 2 einen schematischen Querschnitt durch eine speziell geformte Kohlebürstenführung.
The invention and its advantageous embodiments are described below with reference to an embodiment and two drawings. Show in it
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematically illustrated cross section through a carbon brush guide of a power transmission unit with a multi-layer carbon brush and
  • 2 shows a schematic cross section through a specially shaped carbon brush guide.

In dem Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Kohlebürstenführung 5 einer Stromübertragungseinheit für einen Waschmaschinen-Elektromotor bestimmt. Dieser Waschmaschinen-Elektromotor ist vorzugsweise ein Universalmotor. Der Universalmotor (nicht dargestellt) beinhaltet unter anderem einen Stator, einen Rotor, einen Kommutator, zwei Lagerschilder und die Stromübertragungseinheit, die im wesentlichen aus der Kohlebürstenführung 5, der Kohlebürste 1 und dem Halter 8 besteht. Der Rotor und der Stator sind jeweils mit Eisenpaketen und entsprechenden Wicklungen zur Erzeugung von Magnetfeldern versehen. Der Kommutator ist mechanisch mit der Rotorwelle und elektrisch mit den Rotorwicklungen verbunden. Der Stator ist mechanisch an den Lagerschildern befestigt, die auch zur Aufnahme und Lagerung der Rotorwelle dienen. An einem der Lagerschilder ist unter anderem der Halter 8 der Stromübertragungseinheit befestigt.In the exemplary embodiment, the carbon brush guide 5 of a power transmission unit for a washing machine electric motor is determined. This washing machine electric motor is preferably a universal motor. The universal motor (not shown) includes, inter alia, a stator, a rotor, a commutator, two bearing plates and the power transmission unit, which consists essentially of the carbon brush guide 5, the carbon brush 1 and the holder 8. The rotor and the stator are each provided with iron packets and corresponding windings for generating magnetic fields. The commutator is mechanically connected to the rotor shaft and electrically connected to the rotor windings. The stator is mechanically attached to the bearing plates, which also serve to accommodate and support the rotor shaft. Among other things, the holder 8 of the power transmission unit is attached to one of the bearing plates.

Wie bei Waschmaschinenmotoren im Wechselstrombetrieb (AC-Betrieb) üblich sind die Kohlebürsten als Mehrschicht-Kohlebürsten ausgeführt, um eine bessere Kommutierung zu erreichen. In Fig.1 ist eine Zwei-Schicht-Kohlebürste 1 dargestellt, die aus zwei mittels einer nichtleitenden Verbindung 3 miteinander verbundenen leitenden Kohlehälften 2, 4 besteht. Die eine Stirnseite der Kohlebürste 1 liegt auf dem Kommutator auf, wodurch eine leitende Verbindung zwischen einer Kommutator-Lamelle und der Kohlebürste entsteht, und die andere Stirnseite der Kohlebürste 1 ist mit einer Stromzuführungslitze kontaktiert, wodurch die beiden Kohlehälften 2 und 4 an der Kontaktstelle miteinander elektrisch verbunden sind.As is usual with washing machine motors in AC operation, the carbon brushes are designed as multilayer carbon brushes in order to achieve a better commutation. FIG. 1 shows a two-layer carbon brush 1 which is composed of two interconnected by means of a non-conductive connection 3 conductive carbon halves 2, 4 consists. The one end face of the carbon brush 1 rests on the commutator, whereby a conductive connection between a commutator blade and the carbon brush is formed, and the other end face of the carbon brush 1 is contacted with a Stromzuführungslitze, whereby the two carbon halves 2 and 4 at the contact point with each other are electrically connected.

Die Kohlebürstenführung 5 ist in Fig. 1 rein schematisch dargestellt. Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel ist diese Kohlebürstenführung 5 aus einem Aluminiumblech ausgeführt, das beidseitig eloxiert ist. Somit ist die Kohlebürstenführung 5 beidseitig mit einer nichtleitenden Aluminiumoxid bzw. Eloxalschicht 6, 7 ausgestattet. Die der Kohlebürste 1 zugewandten Schicht 6 bewirkt, dass die beiden Kohlehälften 2 und 4 bei einer möglichen Berührung der Kohlebürstenführung 5 nicht kurzgeschlossen werden. Eine solche Berührung tritt insbesondere dann auf, wenn die Kohlebürste 1 im Betrieb in der Kohlebürstenführung 5 leicht kippt. Die Isolierschicht 6 vermeidet einen Kurschluss zwischen den Kohlehälften 2 und 4. Dadurch werden die Kohlehälften 2, 4 immer gleichmäßig bestromt. Eine solche Bestromung der Kohlehälften 2, 4 führt zu einem gleichmäßigen und geringen Bürstenverschleiß.The carbon brush guide 5 is shown purely schematically in FIG. In the present embodiment, this carbon brush guide 5 is made of an aluminum sheet, which is anodized on both sides. Thus, the carbon brush guide 5 is on both sides with a non-conductive aluminum oxide or anodized coating 6, 7 equipped. The carbon brush 1 facing layer 6 causes the two carbon halves 2 and 4 are not short-circuited in a possible contact of the carbon brush guide 5. Such a contact occurs in particular when the carbon brush 1 tilts slightly during operation in the carbon brush guide 5. The insulating layer 6 avoids a short circuit between the coal halves 2 and 4. Thus, the coal halves 2, 4 are always energized evenly. Such energization of the carbon halves 2, 4 leads to a uniform and low brush wear.

Im vorliegenden Beispiel ist auch die außenliegende Wand der Kohlebürstenführung 5 mit einer nichtleitenden Eloxalschicht 7 ausgestattet. Hierdurch werden mögliche Kriechströme zwischen dem leitenden Lagerschild und der Kohlebürstenführung 5 vermieden. Dies ist vor allem dann von Bedeutung, wenn der Halter 8 aufgrund seiner Formgebung keinen ausreichenden Abstand zwischen dem Lagerschild und der Kohlenbürstenführung 5 gewährleisten kann.In the present example, the outer wall of the carbon brush guide 5 is equipped with a non-conductive Eloxalschicht 7. As a result, possible leakage currents between the conductive bearing plate and the carbon brush guide 5 are avoided. This is especially important if the holder 8 can not ensure a sufficient distance between the bearing plate and the carbon brush guide 5 due to its shape.

Bei einer alternativen Ausführung wird die Kohlebürstenführung 6 direkt an das Lagerschild montiert, da die äußere Eloxalschicht 7 ausreichend isolierend ist. Somit kann die Stromübertragungseinheit noch kostengünstiger hergestellt werden, da auf den Halter 8 der Kohlebürstenführung 5 verzichtet werden kann.In an alternative embodiment, the carbon brush guide 6 is mounted directly on the bearing plate, since the outer anodized layer 7 is sufficiently insulating. Thus, the power transmission unit can be made even more cost-effective, since it is possible to dispense with the holder 8 of the carbon brush guide 5.

Die Eloxalschicht 6, 7 ist in einer Dicke von 15 µm auf die Kohlebürstenführung 5 aufgebracht. Aber auch andere Schichtdicken zwischen 5 und 30 µm sind möglich. Solche Eloxalschichten 6, 7 sind hinreichend isolierend und dabei sehr verschleißfest und resistent gegen klimatische und chemische Einflüsse. Da die Dicke der Eloxalschicht 6 sehr gleichmäßig herstellbar ist und eine Berührung der Kohlebürste 1 mit der Kohlebürstenführung 5 aufgrund der nichtleitenden Eloxalschicht 6 möglich ist, kann der Führungsspalt (Spiel) zwischen Kohlebürste 1 und Kohlebürstenführung 5 sehr eng toleriert werden. Ein querliegendes Spiel nach DIN 43008 zwischen der Kohlebürste 1 und der Kohlebürstenführung 5 wird im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel ohne weiteres eingehalten und ein Kippen der Kohlebürste 1 in der Kohlebürstenführung 5 wird somit vermieden. Durch eine derartig präzise Führung der Kohlebürste 1 wird ausgeschlossen, dass eine Kohlebürstenkante über eine Kommutator-Lamelle läuft und damit ein entsprechendes Bürstengeräusch erzeugt.The anodized layer 6, 7 is applied to the carbon brush guide 5 in a thickness of 15 μm. But other layer thicknesses between 5 and 30 microns are possible. Such Eloxalschichten 6, 7 are sufficiently insulating and thereby very resistant to wear and resistant to climatic and chemical influences. Because the thickness of the Eloxal layer 6 can be produced very uniformly and a contact of the carbon brush 1 with the carbon brush guide 5 due to the non-conductive Eloxalschicht 6 is possible, the guide gap (game) between carbon brush 1 and carbon brush guide 5 can be tolerated very tight. A transverse play according to DIN 43008 between the carbon brush 1 and the carbon brush guide 5 is readily observed in the present embodiment and tilting of the carbon brush 1 in the carbon brush guide 5 is thus avoided. By such a precise guidance of the carbon brush 1 is precluded that a carbon brush edge passes over a commutator blade and thus generates a corresponding brush noise.

Die Eloxalschicht 6 der Kohlebürstenführung 5 ist auf der den Kohlebürsten 1 zugewandten Fläche in einer schwarzen Farbe ausgeführt. Eine solche Farbgebung der Eloxalschicht 6 ist bei einem Eloxierverfahren durch geeignete Wahl der Herstellungsparameter einfach erzielbar. Es sind auch andere, insbesondere dunkle, Farben denkbar, die Wärmestrahlungen gut absorbieren können. Durch diese spezielle Farbgebung wird erreicht, dass die im Bereich der Kohlebürste 1 entstehende Wärme, die die Kontaktstelle zwischen Kohlebürste 1 und Kommutator und die Kohlebürste 1 in Form von Wärmestrahlung abstrahlen, von der Eloxalschicht 6 gut absorbiert wird.The anodized layer 6 of the carbon brush guide 5 is executed on the carbon brushes 1 facing surface in a black color. Such coloring of the anodizing layer 6 is easily achievable in an anodization process by suitable choice of the production parameters. There are also other, especially dark, colors conceivable that can absorb heat radiation well. This special coloring ensures that the heat generated in the region of the carbon brush 1, which radiate the contact point between the carbon brush 1 and the commutator and the carbon brush 1 in the form of thermal radiation, is well absorbed by the anodized layer 6.

Die von der Eloxalschicht 6 aufgenommene Wärme wird an die Aluminium-Kohlebürstenführung 5 abgeben und an der den Kohlebürsten 1 abgewandten Seite wieder abgestrahlt. Um eine ungehinderte Wärmeabstrahlung zu gewährleisten, ist der Halter 8 der Kohlebürstenführung 5 so gestaltet, dass die Kohlebürstenführung 5 nicht vollständig vom Halter 8 umschlossen ist. Die freien außenliegenden Flächen der Kohlebürstenführung 5 strahlen dann die Wärme an die Umgebung ab. Die Wärmeabstrahlung bzw. die Wärmeabgabe der freiliegenden Flächen der Kohlebürstenführung wird zusätzlich begünstigt, wenn die Kohlebürstenführung in einem durch den Motor selbst erzeugten Luftstrom angeordnet ist. Dieser Luftstrom ist durch eine geeignete Gestaltung der Lagerschilder und/oder des Stators beeinflussbar.The heat absorbed by the anodizing layer 6 is released to the aluminum carbon brush guide 5 and radiated again on the side facing away from the carbon brushes 1. In order to ensure unimpeded heat radiation, the holder 8 of the carbon brush guide 5 is designed so that the carbon brush guide 5 is not completely enclosed by the holder 8. The free outer surfaces of the carbon brush guide 5 then radiate the heat to the environment. The heat radiation or the heat emission of the exposed surfaces of the carbon brush guide is additionally favored when the carbon brush guide is arranged in an air flow generated by the engine itself. This air flow can be influenced by a suitable design of the bearing plates and / or the stator.

In einer alternativen Ausführung der Stromübertragungseinheit, die keinen Halter 8 enthält, wird die Kohlebürstenführung 5 im direkten Kontakt zum Lagerschild am Lagerschild des Motors befestigt. Dadurch wird die Wärmeabfuhr aus dem Bereich der Kohlebürste 1 zusätzlich begünstigt, da die von der Kohlebürstenführung 5 aufgenommene Wärme direkt an das Lagerschild abgegeben wird. Eine solche direkte Befestigung der Kohlebürstenführung 5 an dem Lagerschild wird durch die nichtleitende außenliegende Eloxalschicht 7 ermöglicht.In an alternative embodiment of the power transmission unit, which contains no holder 8, the carbon brush guide 5 is fixed in direct contact with the bearing plate on the bearing plate of the engine. As a result, the heat dissipation from the region of the carbon brush 1 is additionally favored, since the heat absorbed by the carbon brush guide 5 is discharged directly to the end shield. Such a direct attachment of the carbon brush guide 5 to the bearing plate is made possible by the non-conductive outer anodized layer 7.

Zur vorteilhaften Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Kohlebürstenführung 5 wird in einem ersten Fertigungsschritt ein Aluminiumblech eloxiert. Aus einem solchen eloxierten Aluminiumblech wird in einem zweiten Fertigungsschritt ein Halbzeug für die Kohlebürstenführung 5 gefertigt. Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel wird das Halbzeug aus dem eloxierten Aluminiumblech gestanzt, aber auch andere geeignete Verfahren sind denkbar. Dieses Halbzeug wird dann in einem dritten Fertigungsschritt zu der Kohlebürstenführung 5 gebogen. Bei einem einseitig eloxiertem Aluminiumblech ist der Biegevorgang so gestaltet, dass die Eloxalschicht 6 innen liegt, also im Führungsbereich der Kohlebürste 1.For the advantageous production of the carbon brush guide 5 according to the invention, an aluminum sheet is anodized in a first production step. From such an anodized aluminum sheet, a semifinished product for the carbon brush guide 5 is produced in a second production step. In the present embodiment, the semi-finished product is punched from the anodized aluminum sheet, but other suitable methods are conceivable. This semi-finished product is then bent in a third manufacturing step to the carbon brush guide 5. In a one-sided anodized aluminum sheet, the bending process is designed so that the anodized layer 6 lies inside, ie in the guide region of the carbon brush 1.

Beim Biegen des voreloxierten Aluminiumbleches kann eine Eloxalschicht im Biegebereich reißen. Durch solche Risse kann die isolierende Wirkung der Eloxalschicht 6 gegenüber der Kohlebürste 1 im Biegebereich vermindert sein. Fig. 2 zeigt eine günstige Gestaltungsmöglichkeit einer Kohlebürstenführung 10, bei der jeder Umformbereich der Kohlebürstenführung mit einer konvexen Krümmung 11 beginnt und endet, also einer von der Kohlebürste 12 abgewandten Krümmung 11. Dadurch wird erreicht, dass die Kohlebürste 12 bei einer Verlagerung nur die nicht gekrümmten Flächen der Kohlebürstenführung 10 berühren kann. Somit ist ein Kontakt der Kohlebürste 12 mit den Bereichen ausgeschlossen, die mögliche Risse in der Eloxalschicht 6 aufweisen können. Im Laufe der Zeit werden die freiliegenden Bereiche des Aluminiums innerhalb der Risse durch den Sauerstoff der Luft selbsttätig wieder zu einer isolierenden Schicht aus Al2O3.When bending the pre-anodized aluminum sheet, an anodized layer may crack in the bending area. Such cracks can reduce the insulating effect of the anodizing layer 6 with respect to the carbon brush 1 in the bending region. 2 shows a favorable design possibility of a carbon brush guide 10, in which each deformation region of the carbon brush guide begins and ends with a convex curvature 11, that is, a curvature 11 facing away from the carbon brush 12. This ensures that the carbon brush 12 does not move when displaced curved surfaces of the carbon brush guide 10 can touch. Thus, a contact of the carbon brush 12 is excluded with the areas that may have possible cracks in the anodized layer 6. Over time, the exposed areas of aluminum within the cracks by the oxygen in the air automatically become an insulating layer of Al 2 O 3 again .

Eine alternative Stromübertragungseinheit beinhaltet eine spezielle Gestaltung der Kohlebürste 1, bei der die Längskanten der Kohlebürste 1 jeweils eine Fase 9 aufweisen, wie es auch in Fig. 1 dargestellt ist. Auch in dieser Ausführung wird sichergestellt, dass die Kohlebürste bei einer Verlagerung nicht die Biegebereiche der Kohlebürstenführung 5 berühren kann.An alternative power transmission unit includes a special design of the carbon brush 1, in which the longitudinal edges of the carbon brush 1 each have a chamfer 9, as shown in Fig. 1. Also in this version will ensures that the carbon brush can not touch the bending areas of the carbon brush guide 5 during a displacement.

Die vorliegende Erfindung ist nicht auf die Verwendung von Mehrschichtkohlenbürsten beschränkt, sondern sie kann auch für Blockkohlebürsten angewendet werden. Somit kann vorteilhafterweise die gleiche Ausführung der Kohlebürstenführung für beide Kohlebürstenarten bzw. für Wechselstrom- und Gleichstrom-Motore verwendet werden.The present invention is not limited to the use of multi-layer carbon brushes, but it can also be applied to block carbon brushes. Thus, advantageously, the same embodiment of the carbon brush guide can be used for both types of carbon brushes and for AC and DC motors.

Claims (10)

  1. Carbon brush guide for a current transfer unit of a dynamo-electric machine, particularly for an electric motor, wherein the carbon brush guide (5) is constructed in aluminium and has an aluminium-oxide layer (6) at least at the carbon brush side, characterised in that the carbon brush guide (5) is bent from a plate section having the aluminium-oxide layer (6) and that the aluminium-oxide layer (6, 7) is electrically insulating before the bending.
  2. Carbon brush guide according to claim 1, characterised in that the aluminium-oxide layer (6, 7) is an artificially applied anodised coating.
  3. Carbon brush guide according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the anodised coating (6, 7) has a thickness lying between 5 microns to 30 microns.
  4. Carbon brush guide according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the anodised coating (6, 7) of the carbon brush guide (5) at least at the carbon brush side is suitable for the absorption of heat radiation.
  5. Carbon brush guide according to claim 4, characterised in that the anodised coating (6, 7) of the carbon brush guide (5) at least at the carbon brush side is coloured to be dark, particularly black.
  6. Current transfer unit with a carbon brush guide according to one of claims 1 to 5 and a carbon brush, which is constructed particularly as a multi-layer carbon brush, characterised in that the carbon brush (1, 12) and/or the carbon brush guide (5, 10) is so formed that the carbon brush (1, 12) and the carbon brush guide (5, 10) can come into contact only at uncurved areas of the carbon brush guide (5, 10).
  7. Current transfer unit according to claim 6, characterised in that the carbon brush (1) has a bevel (9) at all longitudinal edges.
  8. Current transfer unit according to claim 6 or 7, which additionally comprises a holder (8) of synthetic material for reception of the carbon brush guide (5), characterised in that the carbon brush guide (5) is not completely embraced by the holder (8).
  9. Dynamo-electric machine, particularly an electric motor, characterised in that the dynamo-electric machine is provided with a carbon brush guide (5) according to one of claims 1 to 5, with a carbon brush according to claim 8 and/or with a current transfer unit according to one of claims 6 and 7.
  10. Method of production of a carbon brush guide for a current transfer unit of a dynamo-electric machine, particularly an electric motor, characterised in that the method comprises the following steps:
    a. anodising an aluminium plate section at least on one side,
    b. production of a semi-finished product for the carbon brush guide (5, 10) from the anodised aluminium plate section and
    c. bending of the semi-finished product to form a carbon brush guide (5, 10).
EP04022219A 2003-10-14 2004-09-17 Isolating brush guide Expired - Lifetime EP1524738B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE10347764 2003-10-14
DE10347764A DE10347764A1 (en) 2003-10-14 2003-10-14 Insulated carbon brush guide

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EP1524738B1 true EP1524738B1 (en) 2006-11-29

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CN1607704A (en) 2005-04-20
US20050156478A1 (en) 2005-07-21
EP1524738A1 (en) 2005-04-20
DE10347764A1 (en) 2005-05-12
US7514836B2 (en) 2009-04-07
ATE347185T1 (en) 2006-12-15
CN100481650C (en) 2009-04-22
DE502004002158D1 (en) 2007-01-11

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