EP1518085B1 - Locked machine gun - Google Patents

Abstract

Methods and apparatus are disclosed for a locked machine gun that includes a casing, a barrel, a locking breech mechanism, an abutment and a quick change attachment. The locking breech mechanism has at least one locking body. The abutment holds the locking body or locking bodies of the locked breech mechanism. The quick-change attachment is used to facilitate the removal of the barrel and insertion and attachment of a new barrel. A first part of the abutment remains on the casing when the barrel is being changed, and a second part of the abutment is firmly connected to the barrel. The quick-change attachment is equipped to bring about a separation between the first part of the abutment remaining with the casing and the barrel with the second part. Also, the second part of the abutment has a curved section which controls the engagement of the breech mechanism in the abutment when the breech mechanism closes.

Description

The invention relates to a locked machine gun according to the preamble of claim 1.

As far as here without details of "front", "rear", "top" etc. is spoken, refers to the machine gun in a horizontal shooting position. The shooting direction is "forward".

In locked machine guns takes place before the shot of an engagement of locking members which are attached to the closure, and an abutment. Because of the extremely high numbers of shots (at least a few 10 ⁵ shot), which are delivered with a machine gun during its life, these are subject to locking parts and abutment of considerable wear, especially since the engagement elements of these parts are very abruptly loaded, since they are actuated by the approaching closure.

To remedy this disadvantage, it has, for example, the MG 42, which machine gun starting point for the claim 1 is still an exemplary universal machine gun, the abutment associated with the interchangeable barrel, so that when the barrel is worn and it is retired , even the abutment is forcibly retired. The cooperating with the abutment, movable locking parts are assigned to the closure at MG 42. They can be replaced with them and then, if necessary, replaced individually in the weapons workshop. In the MG 42 thus the most loaded wearing parts can be replaced, which is advantageous. However, the abutment can be produced only with considerable effort and must be replaced altogether even if only the barrel is worn, but not the abutment. Furthermore, it has been found that not all parts of the abutment wear out to the same extent.

The mentioned MG 42 is a recoil loader with moving barrel. In gas-pressure-loaded machine guns, the barrel usually remains rigid when fired: the unlocking movement and thus the initiation of the loading movement takes place by means of a gas piston. Here, therefore, the abutment is usually formed rigidly in the weapon housing; in the regular overhaul of the weapon therefore also housing parts are usually replaced with the abutment.

If, during use of the machine gun, a quartz pebble comes into contact with the abutment during firing, it may happen that the entire interlock no longer works. With the MG 42 it is sufficient to replace the barrel and, if necessary, the cap, in order to make the MG operational again. These activities can be done in Sagittarius less than a minute. In contrast, the gas-pressure-controlled MG has to be replaced altogether, since the shooter does not carry a second weapon housing with him.

Of course, it would be conceivable to assign the abutment to the barrel even with the gas-pressure-charged MG. But this would only resume the above-mentioned disadvantage of the MG 42, which was overcome in the gas-pressure-loaded MG yes. Overall, the disadvantages of the old solution of the MG 42 predominate.

Other solutions (US-PS 26 25 766) are not usable here.

US 1 744 162 shows a self-loading rifle with a housing and a rearwardly extended barrel, in which an obliquely extending delay groove is introduced. A ring and a spring connected to the barrel keep the barrel in position. They prevent a longitudinal movement, but allow a rotational movement of the barrel. In addition, the locking pin comprises locking cams, which engage in closing the locking bolt with the delay groove. After a firing, the spring turns the barrel in the direction of his moves. At the same time, the locking bolt pushes backwards. Its locking cam urge against the rotational movement of the barrel from the delay groove. This delays the return movement of the closure pin and thus reduces the force acting on the closure spring force. The weapon also has no quick change device.

US-3 645 165 shows a fire mechanism for a machine gun with a lock chamber in a barrel extension of a screwed barrel. The firing mechanism drives a locking bolt and a firing pin guided longitudinally movably therein. In a cocked weapon, the firing pin is prevented from triggering until the locking pin is fully locked in the locking chamber via locking means which engage cam lobes. He turns over cam means turned around the firing pin. In addition, the firing mechanism comprises a transverse drive pin which extends through the locking pin by means of two opposed cam slots and by the firing pin by means of two opposed longitudinal slots. When advancing the drive pin, the locking pin rotates at the same time in its locked position. After locking, the drive can drive the drive pin forward. At the same time, the firing pin rotates in such a way that the trigger bar slides over a front-to-back ramp on the firing pin head and releases it. The firing pin then exits through an opening and strikes a primer of a cartridge.

EP 0 803 698 A2 also shows a lockable self-loading handgun with a locking chamber which on the one hand delimit the rear end of the barrel and on the other hand a locking sleeve. In addition, the weapon comprises a rotatable closure head, which controls a laterally formed backdrop. A first and a second, each opposite the longitudinal direction of the weapon inclined side face limit the backdrop. The scenery takes on a transverse to the extending control bolt, which is located at the rear of the closure head. The locking or unlocking process we are each initiated and performed by an action of the first and second, the control cam limiting side edges on the control pin.

Based on this prior art, it is an object of the invention to improve the machine guns mentioned above, wherein a gas pressure controlled solution should be selected. In particular, the replacement cycle should be as inexpensive as possible. At the same time but also all wear options should be taken into account. In particular, the requirement of a replacement closure should be avoided. Here, the EP-803 698 provides for a separation of the abutment, which initially allows its considerably simplified processing. This is especially important when using modern, small-caliber cartridges, as in such cartridges, the mechanics of the weapon is considerably reduced and therefore correspondingly higher demands on the manufacturing accuracy. In sensible division of the abutment, it is no longer necessary to reach with thin endmills through openings in the receptacle for the abutment or in the housing to be milled faces of the abutment, but the faces are easily accessible and can be conveniently milled, ground and measured become. Especially the benefit of the final measurement is essential, because it simplifies the work of the weapon mechanic in the troop and makes it more accurate.

As already mentioned above, occur in the front part of the abutment, which is inventively associated with the barrel, particularly high loads when the shutter closes under the force of the closing spring. On top of this comes the fact that in a machine gun, when it is kept in readiness, usually the shutter is open. Only when you press the trigger closes the lock, takes a cartridge from the magazine or from the belt and leads them into the chamber, where it is ignited immediately. Thus, the shutter remains in the rear and open position as long as a cartridge is in the weapon; and not just being shot. Therefore, there is a particular danger with machine guns in that they easily become dirty in use when they are kept ready to fire. This dirt is pushed by the shutter to the front and can reach the deflection curve of the abutment in the worst case, where it ensures increased wear.

This object is achieved in that protrudes in the aforementioned machine gun from the second abutment part a curve piece in the direction of the first abutment part, which curves piece when closing the shutter, the rotational movement of the closure head triggers its engagement in the abutment and controls (claim 1). On this curve piece, the highest surface pressure takes place. This curve is but according to the invention mounted on the barrel and is from the back from. If wear occurs there, then the shooter can recognize when changing the barrel without further scratches in said curve piece and then let this pattern with the associated run out.

The invention is applicable, for example, to a closure having locking rollers. However, the invention is particularly useful in a closure with a rotatable closure head. In such a closure, the abutment would be difficult to produce, as long as it is not shared in accordance with the invention. But there is another advantage: while previously trying to relieve the abutment by the device for twisting the closure head was the whole shutter-turning work left, in the invention this Task are taken over by the control cam, which forms the second abutment part and is associated with the barrel.

In such a machine gun with a twist lock. is laterally attached to the closure head a sliding block, which engages in a slot on the closure carrier. In this case, the sliding block is located on closing and locking the closure head on a transverse surface of the backdrop, which extends transversely to the direction of movement of the closure. The screwing of the closure head in the abutment is therefore triggered according to the invention exclusively from the curve piece (claim 2). There is therefore greatly reduced the wear occurring on the closure itself; because the backdrop on their part does not have to worry about locking. Of course, it is very difficult to close the shutter silently. But in a machine gun, this is not necessary anyway, since with the closing of the shutter yes the shot is fired.

The machine gun according to the invention is further developed in that the sliding block with a first guide surface rests flat on the transverse surface of the gate (claim 3). This avoids that it comes at the moment of highest load on the sliding block and on the guide surface of the backdrop for the point or line load.

The sliding block can basically be fixed in the closure in any way. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, however, it is laterally inserted into the closure head and then held by the firing pin passes through (claim 4). Thus, the firing pin causes the convenient and rapid interchangeability of the sliding block when it should be worn.

The sliding block has its first guide surface opposite to a second guide surface, which after removal of the firing pin, pulling the sliding block from the closure head, turning the sliding block by 180 °, Putting back the sliding block in the closure head and reinstallation of the firing pin in turn rests flat on said control surface (claim 5). In the initial moment of closing so alone the curved piece initiates the rotational movement, while the complementary first and second guide surfaces of the sliding block and the backdrop allow no rotational movement by their flat support. In connection with the previous training a sliding block is created, which is simply removed in the case of wear, reversed and reused, namely on its previously unused area.

Fig. 1

ein herkömmliches Maschinengewehr,

Fig. 2

ein Teil-Längsschnitt durch das erfindungsgemäße Maschinengewehr,

Fig. 3

den Verschluß des Maschinengewehres der Fig. 2 im Schrägbild,

Fig. 4

den Verschlußkopf des Verschlusses der Fig. 3, im Schrägbild,

Fig. 5

der Kulissenstein des Verschlusses der Fig. 3,

Fig. 6

den Verschluß der Fig. 3, in der Seitenansicht kurz vor dem Verriegeln, und

Fig. 7

eine Darstellung wie in Fig. 6, aber kurz nach dem Verriegeln.

The object of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment and the accompanying drawings; in this shows:

Fig. 1

a conventional machine gun,

Fig. 2

a partial longitudinal section through the machine gun according to the invention,

Fig. 3

the closure of the machine gun of Fig. 2 in the oblique image,

Fig. 4

the closure head of the closure of Fig. 3, in an oblique view,

Fig. 5

the sliding block of the closure of Fig. 3,

Fig. 6

the closure of Fig. 3, in the side view just before locking, and

Fig. 7

a representation as in Fig. 6, but shortly after locking.

Fig. 1 shows a conventional, lightweight machine gun, with a barrel 1, which is associated with a barrel-changing device 3, by means of which the barrel 1 is replaceably held in the housing 5. The housing has a recharging device 7, a handle 9 with trigger and an upper shaft 11 assigned.

The machine gun according to the invention also has a barrel changing device 3. The rear end of the barrel 1 is partly in a radial plane to the central axis 19 of the barrel. 1 cut to length and has, moreover, a rearwardly extending projection 17 '. The housing 5 has a recess open to the front, which forms a shoulder to the rear and is also open to the rear with a smaller diameter. When the barrel 1 is inserted, an abutment 13 is formed between said radial plane and said shoulder. This abutment 13 is formed from a first part 15 which is associated with the housing 5, and from a second part 17 which is associated with the barrel 1 and provided with the extension 17 '. The first part 15 has breakthroughs, not shown in the figure, into which the closure head can penetrate with two locking lugs 23, 25, one of which 23 can be seen in Figs. 3, 4 and 6 and both 23, 25 in Fig. 7 or are. The second abutment part 17 has on its extension 17 'on a control cam 21.

The associated closure has a closure head 27 and a closure support 29 (Figure 4). The closure carrier 29 is arranged for rectilinear movement along the central axis 19. The closure head 27 follows this movement, but performs in the first phase of the backward movement and in the last phase of the forward movement, a rotation about the central axis 19 by.

To perform this rotation, the closure head 27 has a pin or sliding block 31 which is inserted perpendicular to the central axis 19 in the closure head 27 and a link 33 passes through, which is introduced in the closure carrier 29 (FIGS. 3, 6, 7). , For holding the sliding block 31 in its position, this has a hole which is penetrated by the firing pin (indicated by the central axis 19). To remove the sliding block 31, the firing pin in the direction of the central axis 19 must first be pulled out to the rear, and then the sliding block 31 can be pulled radially out of the closure head 27 and from the link 33.

The contour of the gate 33 has, as usual, an elongated Z-shaped configuration, with an end portion extending extends parallel to the direction of the central axis 19, and with a central portion inclined thereto. These two sections each have a top and bottom edge which are parallel to each other. However, the initial portion is shaped differently: its lower edge is a straight line continuation of the lower edge of the central portion, while the upper edge extends parallel to the central axis 19. Between the rear end of the upper edge of the front portion and the front end of the upper edge of the middle portion extends a transition surface 37 which extends transversely to the central axis 19.

Completely complementary to this transverse surface 37, the sliding block 31 has on its rear side a planar first guide surface 35 extending transversely to the direction of the central axis 19. If the surfaces 35 and 37 are seated together with the closure open, as shown in Fig. 6, then this seating can not exert any lateral force from the closure support 29 to the closure head 27 or vice versa, as this force would act perpendicular to the abutting surfaces.

Therefore, the shutter head 27 does not seek to twist at this stage and therefore does not stress the guide formations in the housing 5 in the transverse direction in which it is guided. Namely, if the case becomes dirty on the inside, which may easily occur with a machine gun held ready to fire for a long time, the resistance exerted on the closing shutter, and in particular the friction in the guiding formations (grooves and / or Rails) occurs minimized. Thus, the machine gun still works perfectly even with heavy pollution, and the wear is kept as low as possible.

Shortly before reaching the transverse surface 17 at the rear end of the barrel 1 and already after entering the abutment 13 of the closure head 27 meets with the concealed in Fig. 6 locking cam 25 on the control cam 21 and is rotated in the counterclockwise direction. The locking lugs 23, 25 engage behind the first part 15 of the abutment 13 and the closure head 27 runs on the transverse surface of the barrel 1. The middle and rear portion of the link 33 act on the sliding block 31 in such a way that the rotation of the closure head 27 takes place exactly to the correct extent. The moment of the shot is shown in FIG.

When shot runs, driven by a gas piston, the shutter carrier 29, without first turning the closure head 27. The locking lugs 23, 25 rest on the first part 15 of the abutment 13 and keep the lock head 27 locked.

When the sliding block 31 has run along the rear portion of the link 33, he encounters the obliquely upwardly extending, lower edge of the central portion, which rotates the closure head 27 back into the position of Fig. 6. The locking lugs 23, 25 come free from the abutment 13, d. H. unlock them, and the entire closure can go back.

When the barrel 1 is shot, it is replaced by a cold barrel 1; In this case, forcibly also the extension 17 'of the second part 17 of the abutment 13 and thus the control cam 21 is replaced. If the cam 21 of the heaped barrel 1 should be damaged or dirty, the barrel may be retired or the cam 21 may be cleaned after cooling.

In Fig. 3 to 5 of the sliding block 31 is shown in a modification; opposite to the guide surface 35, it has a second, parallel to the first surface 39. If the guide surface 35 is worn, the sliding block 31, as described in connection with FIG. 5, removed, rotated by 180 ° about its own longitudinal axis and re-installed. Now points the new, not yet worn Guide surface 39 to the rear and takes over the task of worn guide surface 35th

As far as easily replaceable wear parts are provided, they can be matched in hardness and material quality so on the mating surfaces that this mating surfaces are not or significantly less worn as the wear surfaces.

Claims (5)

1. Locked, gas-operated machine gun, comprising

   - a casing (5),

   - a barrel (1),

   - a lockable breech (27, 29) comprising a longitudinally movable bolt carrier (29) and a bolt head (27) which is guided therein such that it can be moved longitudinally and in rotation in a crank (33), said breech having at least one locking body (23, 25),

   - an abutment (13, 15, 17) which holds the locking body or bodies (23, 25) in order to lock the breech, and

   - a barrel quick-change device (3), wherein

   - a first part (15) of the abutment (13, 15, 17) remains on the casing (5) when the barrel is being changed,

   - a second part (17) of the abutment (13, 15, 17), which lies opposite the first abutment part (15), is fixedly connected to the rear end of the barrel, and

   - the quick-change device (3) is designed to bring about a separation between the first abutment part (15) and the second abutment part (17),

   - wherein a curved section (21) projects from the second abutment part (17) towards the first abutment part (15), which curved section, during closing of the breech (27, 29), triggers and controls the rotational movement of the bolt head (27) so that it engages in the abutment (13, 15, 17).
2. Machine gun according to Claim 1, characterised in that

   - a sliding block (31), which engages in the crank (33), is attached to the side of the bolt head (27),

   - which sliding block, during closing and locking of the bolt head (27), firstly bears against a transverse face (37) of the crank (33), which extends transversely to the direction of movement of the breech (27, 29),

   - so that the rotation of the bolt head (27) into the abutment (13, 15, 17) is triggered exclusively by the curved section (21).
3. Machine gun according to Claim 2, characterised in that the sliding block (31) bears with a first guide face (35) flat against the transverse face (37) of the crank (33).
4. Machine gun according to Claim 3, characterised in that the sliding block (31) is inserted into the side of the bolt head (27) and then is passed through by the firing pin (19) to secure it.
5. Machine gun according to Claim 4, characterised in that the sliding block (31) has, opposite its first guide face (35), a second guide face (39) which, after the firing pin (19) has been removed, the sliding block (31) has been pulled out from the bolt head (27), the sliding block (31) has been rotated through 180°, the sliding block (31) has been placed back into the bolt head (27) and the firing pin (19) has been re-inserted, bears flat against said control face (37).

Images