EP1517060A1 - Accouplement électromagnètique - Google Patents

Accouplement électromagnètique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1517060A1
EP1517060A1 EP04009067A EP04009067A EP1517060A1 EP 1517060 A1 EP1517060 A1 EP 1517060A1 EP 04009067 A EP04009067 A EP 04009067A EP 04009067 A EP04009067 A EP 04009067A EP 1517060 A1 EP1517060 A1 EP 1517060A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
clutch
electromagnetic coil
pilot clutch
electromagnetic coupling
electromagnetic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04009067A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Shigeaki Yamanaka
Masahiro Dohi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kubota Iron and Machinery Works Ltd
Original Assignee
Kubota Iron and Machinery Works Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kubota Iron and Machinery Works Ltd filed Critical Kubota Iron and Machinery Works Ltd
Publication of EP1517060A1 publication Critical patent/EP1517060A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D28/00—Electrically-actuated clutches
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D27/00—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
    • F16D27/10—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings
    • F16D27/108—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings with axially movable clutching members
    • F16D27/112—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings with axially movable clutching members with flat friction surfaces, e.g. discs
    • F16D27/115—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings with axially movable clutching members with flat friction surfaces, e.g. discs with more than two discs, e.g. multiple lamellae
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D27/00—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
    • F16D27/14—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D23/00—Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
    • F16D23/12—Mechanical clutch-actuating mechanisms arranged outside the clutch as such
    • F16D2023/123—Clutch actuation by cams, ramps or ball-screw mechanisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D27/00—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
    • F16D27/004—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with permanent magnets combined with electromagnets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnetic coupling for operating a main clutch into ON (connecting) and OFF (disconnecting) states by means of a pilot clutch operated by electromagnetic force.
  • a conventional electromagnetic coupling of this type is made up, for example, as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the electromagnetic coupling includes an input shaft 1 that is connected to an engine (not shown) side , an output shaft 2 for transmitting power to rear wheels, and a main clutch 3 for connecting and disconnecting the input shaft 1 to and from the output shaft 2.
  • the main clutch 3 comprises inner plates 3a whose inner diameter sides are coupled in spline engagement with the outer periphery of the input shaft 1 and outer plates 3b whose outer diameter sides are coupled in spline engagement with the inner periphery of a casing 2a united to the output shaft 2 in a manner to be described later, the inner and outer plates 3a and 3b being alternately positioned.
  • a fixed plate 4 is fastened to an end of the casing 21 and a thrust means 5 has a push plate 6 such that pushing the inner and outer plates 3a and 3b against the fixed plate 4 with the push plate 6 under a pressure engages the input shaft 1 with the output shaft 2 and removing the pushing pressure or thrust disengages the output shaft 2 from the input shaft 1.
  • a thrust means 5 has a push plate 6 such that pushing the inner and outer plates 3a and 3b against the fixed plate 4 with the push plate 6 under a pressure engages the input shaft 1 with the output shaft 2 and removing the pushing pressure or thrust disengages the output shaft 2 from the input shaft 1.
  • the thrust means 5 comprises the abovementioned push plate 6, a backing plate 7 disposed behind the push plate 6, and a thrust generating mechanism 8 for actuating the push plate 6 to push with respect to the backing plate 7 via balls disposed between them.
  • the inner diameter side of the push plate 6 is coupled in spline engagement with the input shaft 1.
  • the backing plate 7 with its end face supported by a thrust bearing 16 is supported rotatably relative to a boss section 2b of the output shaft 2 and has its inner diameter side fitted with the outer periphery of the input shaft 1 so that it can be rotated while in sliding contact with the latter.
  • this backing plate 7 is coupled via a pilot clutch 9 lying outwards thereof to the casing 2a united with the output shaft 2 so that it can engage with and disengage from the casing 2a in a direction in which it is rotated.
  • a retaining ring 10 is axially inserted into an annular space formed between the outer periphery of the backing plate 7 and an inner periphery of the casing 2a so that it can be axially moved in sliding contact with these peripheries in that space to an extent that it comes into contact with a stop ring 17.
  • clutch plates 9a of a first group whose inner diameter sides are coupled in spline engagement with the outer periphery of the backing plate 7
  • clutch plates 9b of a second group whose outer diameter sides are coupled in spline engagement with the inner periphery of the casing 2a.
  • a ring shaped electromagnetic coil 11 for electromagnetically attracting the retaining ring 10 towards the rotor section 2a' of the casing 2a to bring the clutch plates 9a, 9b into pressure contact with one another, thereby turning the pilot clutch 9 into its ON state.
  • the electromagnetic coil 11 is disposed in a ring shaped chamber 12 formed by a stepped recess formed in the casing 2a and an outer periphery of the boss section 2b of the output shaft 2 and arranged therein so that it is juxtaposed with the pilot clutch 9 across the rotor section 2a'. And, this electromagnetic coil 11 is supported from a cover member 13 which is securely connected to a frame (not shown) and which is fitted over and rotatably coupled to the output shaft 2via a bearing 18.
  • the rotor section 2a' of the casing 2a and the flange 2b' of the boss section 2b which are positioned diametrically outwards and inwards, respectively, as separate members, are united together with a ring of nonmagnetic material 14 that is composed of stainless steel as a nonmagnetic material.
  • the clutch plates 9a, 9b of the pilot clutch 9 are provided at respective diametrical positions thereof flush with the inner and outer peripheral surfaces of the ring of nonmagnetic material 14 with cutouts 19 and bridges (not indicated) interconnecting them for preventing a magnetic force on a magnetic loop 15 of the electromagnetic coil 11 from short-circuiting.
  • the electromagnetic coupling constructed as mentioned above operates as stated below.
  • the abovementioned thrust generating mechanism 8 comprises balls 8a each of which as shown in Fig. 2A is rollably interposed between a pair of opposed reentrant cam surfaces 6a and 7a of the push and backing plates 6 and 7.
  • the ball 8a tends to run on the reentrant cam surfaces 6a and 7a as shown in Fig. 2B with the result that the push plate 6 is moved away from the backing plate 7 in the direction of the arrow shown. Consequently, the plates 3a, 3b of the main clutch 3 is moved and pushed to the fixed plate 4.
  • the pilot clutch in a conventional electromagnetic coupling as mentioned above must have its capacity increased to meet with the need for a greater torque transmission of the main clutch. If a large torque is to be transmitted in the main clutch, an insufficient capacity of the pilot clutch creates troubles such as that the clutch slips. Also, in strengthening the magnetic force, measures have hitherto be taken of devising the configurations and thicknesses of inner and outer diametrical parts of the housing in which the electromagnetic coil is accommodated. As a result, a considerable number of man-hour and its attendant time period have so far been required in manufacturing an electromagnetic coupling.
  • the present inventors in their zealous research to solve the problems mentioned above have ascertained through several simulations that surrounding an electromagnetic coil with a ferromagnetic material increases the force of attraction of the electromagnetic coil to a pilot clutch.
  • an electromagnetic coupling with a pilot clutch for activating a main clutch wherein clutch plates are thrust with a retaining ring moved by magnetic force produced by an electromagnetic coil in the pilot clutch, characterized in that the electromagnetic coil in the pilot clutch is surrounded with ferromagnetic material over at least two of its three facial sides other than its magnetic force exerting facial side, namely over at least its rear and outer facial sides and further that the magnetic material is covered with nonmagnetic material.
  • At least one of the retaining ring and the clutch plate in the pilot clutch may be made of ferromagnetic material; and .the ferromagnetic material mentioned above is preferably one of materials selected from the class which consists of a spherical graphite cast iron having a chemical composition containing by weight 2.7 to 3.9 % of C, 3.3 to 4.8 % of Si, 0.3 to 1.2 % of Mn, P ⁇ 0.1 %, S ⁇ 0.1 %, 0.01 to 0.1 % of Mg, 0.01 to 0.1 % of at least one of Ce and La and the balance Fe and having a carbon equivalent (C-E) ⁇ 4.3 and a silicon steel containing by weight 2.8 to 3.3 % of Si, not greater than 1.0 % of Al, 0.1 to 0.2 % of Mn, not greater than 0.002 % of C and the balance Fe.
  • the spherical graphite cast iron may have 0.1 to 1.5 % by weight of Mo
  • the magnetic force exerted from an electromagnetic coil in the direction in which a pilot clutch is operated can be strengthened. Also, the force exerted by the electromagnetic coil to attract the retaining ring and clutch plates can be increased.
  • a casing 21 in which acting parts for the main and pilot clutches 3 and 9 are accommodated including the retaining ring 10, the casing 21 being united with the output shaft 2. Coupled in spline engagement with inner peripheries of the casing 21 are the outer diametrical ends of the outer plates 3b in the main clutch 3 and the outer diametrical ends of the clutch plates of one group 9a in the pilot clutch 9. And, between the rotor section 21a of the casing 21 and the flange 2b of the boss section 2b of the output shaft 2 there lies, here also, the ring of nonmagnetic material 14, made of stainless steel and fitted to unite them together.
  • the retaining ring 10 and the clutch plates 9a, 9b of the pilot clutch 9 are each composed of a ferromagnetic material, of which use is preferably made of a high-silicon spherical graphite cast iron excelling in electromagnetic properties, by having a chemical composition containing by weight 2.7 to 3.9 % of C, 3.3 to 4.8 % of Si, 0.3 to 1.2 % of Mn, P ⁇ 0.1 %, S ⁇ 0.1 %, 0.1 to 1.5 % of Mo, 0.01 to 0.1 % of Mg, 0.01 to 0.1 % of at least one of Ce and La and the balance Fe and having a carbon equivalent (C-E) ⁇ 4.3 as disclosed in JP 2001-33470 A by the present applicant.
  • the spherical graphite cast iron so composed is also a material that is low in remanence and magnetic hysteresis.
  • a cover member 22 with which the output shaft 2 is covered and coupled rotatably via the bearing 18 is securely connected to the frame (not shown) and made of a nonmagnetic material such as Al, or synthetic resin which in the form of implementation illustrated is nylon (registered trade mark).
  • an electromagnetic coil 23 is disposed so that its magnetic force exerting facial side (at its front) is opposed to the clutch plates 9a, 9b of the pilot clutch 9 and that other three sides thereof, namely its rear side, and inner and outer peripheral sides, are surrounded with a ferromagnetic material 24 disposed in the cover member 22. And, to be so disposed, the electromagnetic coil 23 and the ferromagnetic material 24 are molded together into the cover member 22 made of resin. Electrical leads connected to the electromagnetic coil 23 are not shown.
  • the ferromagnetic material 24 with which the electromagnetic coil 23 is to be surrounded may be composed of the high silicon spherical graphite cast iron of which the retaining ring 10 is also preferably composed.
  • looped lines of magnetic force generated around the inner and outer peripheries of the magnetic coil by energizing the magnetic coil 23 with electric current are confined within the cover member 22 made of nonmagnetic material while being emanated through the magnetic material from the rear side of the electromagnetic coil along those inner and outer peripheries towards the clutch plates 9a, 9b of the pilot clutch 9.
  • the electromagnetic coil 23 surrounded over its three facial sides with the magnetic material 24, the lines of magnetic force from the electromagnetic coil are exerted efficiently.
  • the electromagnetic coil for emanating lines of magnetic force of a desired strength can be made smaller in size and, in other words, an electromagnetic coil made smaller in size can be manufactured which produces a force of attraction that is sufficiently large.
  • the electromagnetic coil 23 is shown surrounded over three facial sides thereof with the ferromagnetic material 24, it may be surrounded over two facial sides thereof, e. g., its rear and outer peripheral sides, with the ferromagnetic material 24 in another form of implementation shown in Fig. 4 so that its inner peripheral side is opposed to the outer periphery of the output shaft 2 united with the casing 21.
  • the output shaft 2 is here composed of a carbon for machine construction, e. g., S25C.
  • a high silicon spherical graphite cast iron mentioned above is not only a ferromagnetic material but also a material low in magnetic hysteresis. It is compared with a carbon steel for machine construction as the conventional material so far commonly used, with respect to magnetic property (BH curve), magnetic saturation (Bs), magnetic permeability ( ⁇ ) and hysteresis as shown in Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8, respectively.
  • BH curve magnetic property
  • Bs magnetic saturation
  • ⁇ magnetic permeability
  • hysteresis hysteresis
  • the carbon steel for machine construction is S25C while the high silicon spherical graphite cast iron has a composition containing by weight 3.33 % of C, 4.23 % of Si, 0.25 % of Mn, 0.021 % of P, 0.008 % of S, 0.036 % of Mg, 0.011 % of Ce and the balance Fe.
  • curve a represents the BH curve of the conventional material and curve b represents that of high silicon spherical graphite cast iron, from which it is seen that the latter is superior to the former in the BH property.
  • curve c represents that of the conventional material and curve d represents that of high silicon spherical graphite cast iron, from which it is seen that the latter is greater than the former in magnetization.
  • curve e represents that of the conventional material and curve f represents that of high silicon spherical graphite cast iron, from which it is seen that the latter produces greater magnetization than the former with a small current when the coil current is relatively small.
  • curve g represents that of the conventional material and curve h represents that of high silicon spherical graphite cast iron, from which it is seen that the latter is smaller than the former in both coercive force (Hc) and residual flux density (Br).
  • the retaining ring 10 and the clutch plates 9a, 9b of the pilot clutch 9 and the ferromagnetic material 24 may alternative to high silicon spherical graphite cast iron be composed of a silicon steel.
  • the silicon steel should preferably has a chemical composition containing by weight 2.8 to 3.3 % of Si, not greater than 1.0 % of Al, 0.1 to 0.2 % of Mn, not greater than 0.002 % of C and the balance Fe.
  • Such silicon steel has an elongation of 20 % and can well withstand a press forging. This material is not as good as the high silicon spherical graphite cast iron with respect to electromagnetic characteristics, but is high in productivity and inexpensive.
  • the addition of Mo is not indispensable as far as a part or component of the high silicon spherical graphite cast iron composition is allowed to work at the room temperature and its electromagnetic characteristics are also unaffected by no addition of Mo. In an environment, however, where its temperature rises to 300°C or more, the part or component may be embrittled and broken. In order to preclude this possibility, the addition of Mo in an amount of 0.1 to 1.5 % by weight has been found effective. Thus, the tendency of high silicon spherical graphite cast iron to embrittle can be eliminated by adding thereto Mo in an amount of, say, 1.0 % by weight. Also, while in the form of implementation illustrated above both the retaining ring 9 and the clutch plates 9a, 9b are shown to be composed of ferromagnetic material, one of them may be composed of a carbon steel for machine construction such as S25C.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)
EP04009067A 2003-09-19 2004-04-16 Accouplement électromagnètique Withdrawn EP1517060A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003327538 2003-09-19
JP2003327538A JP2005090685A (ja) 2003-09-19 2003-09-19 電磁カップリング

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1517060A1 true EP1517060A1 (fr) 2005-03-23

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EP04009067A Withdrawn EP1517060A1 (fr) 2003-09-19 2004-04-16 Accouplement électromagnètique

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US (1) US7172059B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1517060A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2005090685A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2014945A2 (fr) 2007-07-13 2009-01-14 Jtekt Corporation Dispositif de transmission de puissance

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007058552A1 (de) * 2007-12-05 2009-06-10 Magna Powertrain Ag & Co Kg Brems- oder Kupplungsvorrichtung
CN108441753A (zh) * 2018-06-07 2018-08-24 广东中天创展球铁有限公司 一种球墨铸铁及其制备工艺

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2933171A (en) * 1957-04-17 1960-04-19 Robert C Kraeplin Pilot actuated disk clutch
GB1500766A (en) * 1974-06-14 1978-02-08 Goetzewerke Spheroidal cast-iron alloy of increased wear resistance
US4189042A (en) * 1977-12-08 1980-02-19 Facet Enterprises, Inc. Constant torque friction clutch
EP0326966A2 (fr) * 1988-01-28 1989-08-09 Christian Mayr GmbH & Co. KG Frein à ressort à actionnement électromagnétique
US5123157A (en) * 1990-04-24 1992-06-23 Tesma International Inc. Method of making a rotor for an electromagnetic clutch
US20020079179A1 (en) * 2000-12-27 2002-06-27 Tochigi Fuji Sangyo Kabushiki Kaisha Structure and method for supporting electromagnetic coupling
JP2002266904A (ja) 2001-03-08 2002-09-18 Tochigi Fuji Ind Co Ltd 電磁式カップリング
WO2003019028A1 (fr) * 2001-08-28 2003-03-06 Eaton Corporation Embrayage comprenant une rampe a billes a amortissement par frottement

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0947720B1 (fr) * 1998-04-01 2007-09-12 Jtekt Corporation Disque d'embrayage
JP2001033470A (ja) 1999-07-21 2001-02-09 Kubota Tekkosho:Kk センサロータ
JP4048701B2 (ja) * 2000-08-01 2008-02-20 株式会社ジェイテクト 駆動力伝達装置
JP4247568B2 (ja) * 2001-01-24 2009-04-02 株式会社ジェイテクト 駆動力伝達装置
US6769524B2 (en) * 2001-05-15 2004-08-03 Ntn Corporation Electromagnetic clutch and rotation transmission device
JP4904649B2 (ja) * 2001-08-31 2012-03-28 株式会社ジェイテクト 電磁パイロット式クラッチ装置

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2933171A (en) * 1957-04-17 1960-04-19 Robert C Kraeplin Pilot actuated disk clutch
GB1500766A (en) * 1974-06-14 1978-02-08 Goetzewerke Spheroidal cast-iron alloy of increased wear resistance
US4189042A (en) * 1977-12-08 1980-02-19 Facet Enterprises, Inc. Constant torque friction clutch
EP0326966A2 (fr) * 1988-01-28 1989-08-09 Christian Mayr GmbH & Co. KG Frein à ressort à actionnement électromagnétique
US5123157A (en) * 1990-04-24 1992-06-23 Tesma International Inc. Method of making a rotor for an electromagnetic clutch
US20020079179A1 (en) * 2000-12-27 2002-06-27 Tochigi Fuji Sangyo Kabushiki Kaisha Structure and method for supporting electromagnetic coupling
JP2002266904A (ja) 2001-03-08 2002-09-18 Tochigi Fuji Ind Co Ltd 電磁式カップリング
WO2003019028A1 (fr) * 2001-08-28 2003-03-06 Eaton Corporation Embrayage comprenant une rampe a billes a amortissement par frottement

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2014945A2 (fr) 2007-07-13 2009-01-14 Jtekt Corporation Dispositif de transmission de puissance
EP2014945A3 (fr) * 2007-07-13 2013-05-22 Jtekt Corporation Dispositif de transmission de puissance

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2005090685A (ja) 2005-04-07
US20050061597A1 (en) 2005-03-24
US7172059B2 (en) 2007-02-06

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