EP1515587B1 - Elektrische Heizvorrichtung mit versiegeltem Heizelement - Google Patents

Elektrische Heizvorrichtung mit versiegeltem Heizelement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1515587B1
EP1515587B1 EP03020700A EP03020700A EP1515587B1 EP 1515587 B1 EP1515587 B1 EP 1515587B1 EP 03020700 A EP03020700 A EP 03020700A EP 03020700 A EP03020700 A EP 03020700A EP 1515587 B1 EP1515587 B1 EP 1515587B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
heating apparatus
electric heating
ptc heating
resilient
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03020700A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1515587A1 (de
Inventor
Franz Bohlender
Kurt Walz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Catem GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Catem GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Catem GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Catem GmbH and Co KG
Priority to DE50305966T priority Critical patent/DE50305966D1/de
Priority to ES03020700T priority patent/ES2275988T3/es
Priority to EP03020700A priority patent/EP1515587B1/de
Priority to CNB2004100064599A priority patent/CN100348433C/zh
Priority to JP2004093423A priority patent/JP3929988B2/ja
Priority to KR1020040029266A priority patent/KR100730416B1/ko
Priority to US10/835,895 priority patent/US7012225B2/en
Publication of EP1515587A1 publication Critical patent/EP1515587A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1515587B1 publication Critical patent/EP1515587B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25C—HAND-HELD NAILING OR STAPLING TOOLS; MANUALLY OPERATED PORTABLE STAPLING TOOLS
    • B25C5/00—Manually operated portable stapling tools; Hand-held power-operated stapling tools; Staple feeding devices therefor
    • B25C5/02—Manually operated portable stapling tools; Hand-held power-operated stapling tools; Staple feeding devices therefor with provision for bending the ends of the staples on to the work
    • B25C5/0221—Stapling tools of the table model type, i.e. tools supported by a table or the work during operation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25C—HAND-HELD NAILING OR STAPLING TOOLS; MANUALLY OPERATED PORTABLE STAPLING TOOLS
    • B25C5/00—Manually operated portable stapling tools; Hand-held power-operated stapling tools; Staple feeding devices therefor
    • B25C5/10—Driving means
    • B25C5/11—Driving means operated by manual or foot power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1854—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
    • F24H9/1863—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F24H9/1872—PTC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/50—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material heating conductor arranged in metal tubes, the radiating surface having heat-conducting fins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric heater, in particular as auxiliary heater for motor vehicles, a structural unit for such a heater and a corresponding manufacturing method.
  • electrical booster heaters are used for heating of the interior and engine.
  • electrical heating devices are also suitable for other applications, for example in the field of domestic installations, in particular room air conditioning, in industrial plants and the like.
  • PTC heating elements are preferably used with radiator elements in thermally conductive connection.
  • the heat generated by the PTC heating elements is released via the radiator elements to the air flowing through.
  • the overall arrangement of a stacked structure of PTC heating elements, radiator elements and contact sheets, which serve the power supply, is held in a frame to increase the efficiency of the heating in a clamping pressure. By clamping a high electrical and thermal contact of the PTC heating elements is achieved.
  • the layered structure is held in a stable frame with preferably U-shaped cross-section.
  • the frame is designed so that it compresses the layered structure.
  • the clamping may alternatively be effected by spring elements arranged in the layered structure. So that the frame can absorb the spring forces, it is mechanically particularly stable, preferably formed with a U-shaped cross-section.
  • a conventional heating device is known for example from DE-A-101 21 568.
  • the minimum height of the longitudinal members of such a frame with a U-shaped cross-section is at the required clamping forces in about 11 mm. This results in the entire heater not usable for the air passage height of at least 22 mm.
  • Such a design with external clamping or outside holding frame thus has a high surface area, which is not available for the air flow. For this reason, such electric heaters are not suitable for use at very low installation heights.
  • heaters with a conventional support frame for modern air conditioning units are increasingly suitable.
  • Air conditioning units for multi-zone air conditioning in a comfort-oriented motor vehicle increasingly require heaters of great length but low overall height.
  • metal support frames Another disadvantage of metal support frames is their conductive surface. In order to increase the safety in motor vehicles, metal surfaces are increasingly avoided, so that their contact is safely possible, i. without electrical or thermal line.
  • the heating devices described above are preferably provided with a sheath made of plastic, as for example in the heater shown in DE-A-101 21 568.
  • EP-A-1 182 908 it is known to fasten PTC heating elements to the contact sheets by means of a metal foil coated on both sides with adhesive.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an electric heater, an assembly for an electric heater and a manufacturing method for an electric heater, which has an improved structure, which does not have the above-mentioned disadvantages.
  • the manufacture of the electrical heating device first of all one of the contact plates which contact the PTC heating element is provided with a lacquer layer.
  • the PTC heating element is “provisionally” fixed and sealed on the contact plate via this lacquer layer.
  • Such a heater has several advantages.
  • the lacquer layer additionally applied to the electrode brings about further corrosion protection than conventionally achievable.
  • the varnish protects the contact plate and the connection between the PTC element and the contact plate against the ingress of moisture. A corrosion over Moisture, with which the contact plate comes into contact during manufacture or during operation, is thus excluded.
  • the lacquer layer is applied during the manufacturing process on the side of an electrode facing the PTC heating elements. Subsequently, the PTC heating elements are positioned on the lacquer layer. By caused by the spring element clamping pressure existing between the PTC element and the contact plate paint is largely pushed out. The pressed-out lacquer seals the gap between the PTC heating element and the contact plate via a bead. This sealing of the transition between the electrode and the PTC heating element enables efficient corrosion protection.
  • the invention enables a simplified production of such an electric heater.
  • the PTC heating elements are held above the paint at predetermined positions on the contact sheet.
  • the paint is an electrically non-conductive paint.
  • a silicone varnish used for this purpose, not only is such a silicone varnish electrically non-conductive, but it is also capable of compensating for the different expansion coefficients of the PTC heating element and the contact sheet, which is preferably made of aluminum. It is therefore particularly advantageous to use an elastic paint.
  • a highly viscous lacquer is used.
  • the paint has a viscosity lower than 900 mPa.s.
  • Such a coating can therefore be processed particularly easily, for example, a simple coating application by a brush or stripping coating, in particular by a drip coating on commercially available metering devices possible. In this way, the production of prefabricated units can be particularly simplified.
  • a further simplification of the production can be achieved in that the prefabricated units consist of a radiator element, a contact plate fastened thereto and the PTG heating elements fastened on the latter above the lacquer. With such a larger prefabricated unit, the production can be further simplified and accelerated.
  • the contact plate, on which the PTC heating element is attached via the paint made of aluminum. With this material, a particularly good heat transfer between the PTC heating element and the radiator element can be achieved.
  • the elongated end faces are mechanically very stable and therefore can absorb very high forces.
  • transverse struts are provided in openings of the elongated end faces for the air flowing through, which receive the clamping forces generated by the spring element. In this way, high clamping forces at low height and much lighter materials such as plastic are possible.
  • electrical heating devices can be used more diversely, in particular even with only a small available structural height.
  • longitudinal struts are provided so that the struts form a lattice structure.
  • the struts themselves can be kept particularly thin, so that they impede the air flow only insignificantly and yet prevent bending of the housing effectively.
  • a housing for an electric heater is thus produced in a simple manner from a lightweight and also easily processable material such as plastic.
  • the longitudinal struts are arranged so that they are in the range of PTC heating elements.
  • the longitudinal braces are placed so that they coincide sections where there is no air flow.
  • the housing is made of plastic.
  • An important advantage of a plastic housing is its low weight, its flexible formability and its low production costs. With this material, the cost of a heater can be kept very low.
  • the housing has a lateral opening for insertion of the spring element after assembly of the heater.
  • the spring is inserted into the housing only when the composite housing is able to absorb the forces generated by the spring when compressing the layered structure.
  • the spring is guided in a groove.
  • the housing is composed of two half-shells.
  • the half shells are designed to be plugged together.
  • locking pins or locking lugs which cause a mating latching of the half shells when mating the half shells of the housing, a particularly fast assembly is possible.
  • Both half shells are preferably designed so that they separate the housing approximately centrally between the opposite, open housing sides.
  • the housing is particularly stable on the open sides and only in the middle, i. At the dividing line of both half-shells, the housing can absorb little or no clamping forces.
  • the two half shells are provided at their parting lines with additional projections and depressions which engage in mating together and interlock the half shells.
  • the housing can thus absorb higher forces in the middle area, at the dividing lines of both half-shells.
  • the projections and depressions entangle both half shells together and thereby cause an increase in the mechanical stability of the side surfaces. With such a construction, high clamping forces can be used even with housing materials with a fundamentally lower stability.
  • the spring element is designed such that it transmits the clamping forces substantially to the reinforced housing sides.
  • the spring element preferably consists of a sheet metal part with obliquely projecting spring segments.
  • the spring element is formed integrally with the spring segments.
  • the spring can be produced for the first time as an endless part and fed in a simple manner from a roll to the production.
  • each spring must be made separately and manufactured individually for different lengths.
  • the spring element of the heating device according to the invention can be easily cut to size from a roll to any desired length, so that costly individual production processes for the spring and adaptations of the production process are avoided in the event of changes to the structure of the heating element.
  • the thickness of the springs can be reduced from conventionally about 0.8 mm according to the new design principle to a thickness of about 0.3 mm. As a result, the spring can be produced with little effort, without the efficiency of the heater is reduced.
  • a spring segment is provided for each position of a PTC heating element, so that by an individual clamping of each PTC heating element, the efficiency is improved.
  • a particularly high efficiency can be achieved by increasing the clamping forces when a plurality of spring segments is provided in the region of a PTC heating element, preferably two or three individual spring segments. This keeps each PTC heater clamped along its entire length.
  • the springs consist of a metal sheet, from which obliquely individual spring segments protrude in the transverse direction, which reinforce the spring mechanically so that a deflection about the longitudinal axis of the spring is not possible.
  • the spring segments each extend into the edge region of the spring, so that the spring can be supported on the stable outer edge of the housing.
  • the housing must therefore absorb forces only at its edges and may be made less stable in the middle. In this way, a particularly lightweight and easy to use housing material can be used.
  • a seal is provided between the longitudinal struts and the layered structure.
  • a seal in particular as a silicone seal, is preferably formed in one piece and seals the entire grid structure.
  • the PTC heating elements While in conventional electric heaters, the PTC heating elements are positioned by means of positioning, such as a positioning frame between contact plates, electrical heaters are produced according to the invention so that at least one of the contact plates is provided with a lacquer layer and on this the PTC heating elements prior to assembly in the electric heater can be positioned. These manufacturing steps are shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 in an illustrative manner.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically the side view of a contact plate 2, which is provided with a coating layer 3 on the side facing the PTC heating element later.
  • the PTC heating element 4 is then placed on this lacquer layer 3 (FIG. 2).
  • the contact plate 2 with the lacquer layer 3 and the PTC heating element 4 arranged thereon form a prefabricated structural unit 1, which is shown schematically in FIG. 3.
  • the strength of the fixation of PTC heating elements 4 via the varnish 3 on the contact sheet is designed so that it sufficiently withstands mechanical stresses which occur up to and during the production of an electrical heating device. Stronger mechanical stress does not withstand this fixation.
  • the production of electrical heating devices can be significantly simplified. In particular, the number of parts to be assembled can be reduced by way of the prefabricated structural units 1 produced in this way become. In addition, the assembly is simplified because no tedious positioning of the individual elements in a housing is required. In addition, no positioning means are required because the PTC heating elements are held in position during insertion.
  • a particular advantage achieved by the paint is improved moisture protection.
  • the achievable during assembly of the heater additional sealing of the connection PTC heating element 4 and contact plate 2 will be described below with reference to FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 4 A variant of a prefabricated unit is shown in Fig. 4.
  • a radiator element 5 On the contact plate 2, a radiator element 5 is additionally attached.
  • This prefabricated structural unit in which a PTC heating element 4 according to the manufacturing process illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3 is fastened on the contact plate 2, allows a further reduction of the assembly steps required in the manufacture of an electrical heating device, since a separate insertion of the radiator elements 5 is dispensed with ,
  • further elements of the heating device can subsequently be integrated into the prefabricated component to the radiator element 5. With each additional element of the prefabricated assembly, the number of manufacturing steps required in the fabrication of the heater decreases.
  • FIG. 4 When installing the prefabricated structural unit 1 according to the invention (as shown in FIG. 4) into a housing of the heating device, the individual elements of the heating device are held in place after insertion of a spring element (not shown in FIGS. 1 to 8) via a clamping pressure.
  • FIG. 4 A section of an electrical heating device according to the invention, which illustrates the clamping pressure and its effect, is shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 5 shows, in addition to the prefabricated structural unit 1 from FIG. 4, radiator element 5, contact plate 2, lacquer layer 3 and PTC heating element 4, a contact plate 10 adjoining the PTC heating element 4 and a further adjacent thereto Radiator element 11.
  • the contact pressure caused by the clamping pressure is symbolized by black arrows in FIG.
  • the contact pressure causes the paint 3 located between the PTC heating element 4 and the contact sheet 2 to be pressed out on the sides of the interspace 13 between the PTC heating element 4 and the contact sheet 2.
  • the extruded from the gap 13 paint forms at the outer edges of the gap 13 Lackwülste 12, which seal the gap 13 against moisture penetration.
  • the heating device according to the invention is protected over the coating of the contact sheet with a lacquer layer and the sealing of the contact point PTC heating element and contact sheet caused thereby in an efficient manner against moisture damage, in particular corrosion, and a concomitant loss of performance.
  • the heating device according to the invention is thus particularly suitable for extreme operating conditions, in which the risk is particularly great that the heater comes into contact with moisture ... activity.
  • an electrically non-conductive paint is used for the paint 3.
  • the paint is pressed out of the gap 13 and thus realizes an electrically conductive contact between the contact plate 2 and the PTC heating element 4th
  • the thickness of the coating application is preferably in the range between 10 and 20 ⁇ l / cm 2 , particularly preferably in the range of 14 ⁇ l / cm 2 .
  • the paint 3 can be applied in a simple manner by a brush, stripping or drip coating. This coating is made possible by a particularly high viscosity, which is preferably in the range of 900 mPa.s to 750 mPa.s. Particularly preferably, the paint has a viscosity of about 850 mPa.s.
  • the paint forms a durable coating to protect against moisture and atmospheric contaminants.
  • the metering device is preferably a Dosiemadel.
  • a high-viscosity paint is to be used.
  • a paint is used to increase the environmental impact, which has only a low proportion of solvents.
  • the contact plate 2 is made of aluminum. Aluminum enables a particularly good advertising transition between the PTC heating element 4 and the radiator element 5.
  • the contact plate 10 which contacts the PTC heating element 4 on the opposite side of the contact plate 2, made of brass, preferably tin-plated brass.
  • Fig. 6 shows schematically a preferred embodiment for the clamped held components of the heating device according to the invention.
  • the structure comprises two prefabricated units 1, each having at least one PTC heating element 4, a contact plate 2 and a radiator element 5.
  • the structure comprises further contact plates 20, 21, which abut the opposite sides of the PTC heating elements 4, and a final radiator element 22.
  • the two contact plates 20 and 21 are at different potential.
  • the lower radiator element 5 shown in Fig. 6 is connected to a plus potential power supply.
  • the internal structure of an advantageous embodiment of the heating element according to the invention shown in Fig. 6 comprises only five components to be mounted, namely two prefabricated units 1, two contact plates 20, 21 and an additional radiator element 22.
  • Such a layered structure is thus particularly simple and quick to produce ,
  • FIGS. 7a and 7b A perspective view and a sectional view of a preassembled unit 30 are shown schematically in FIGS. 7a and 7b.
  • the assembly 30 consists of a radiator element 35 which is connected to a contact plate 32.
  • a paint layer 33 is applied, via which the PTC heating elements 31 are fixed on the contact plate 32.
  • Fig. 7a is a sectional view of the assembly 30 is shown, which is mounted in a heater under a clamping voltage.
  • the varnish 33 located between the PTC heating element 31 and the contact plate 32 is pressed laterally out of the intermediate space, so that it seals or seals the interspace via beads 34, the so-called adhesive meniscus, against the ingress of moisture and contaminants.
  • the heating device according to the invention is constructed from two plastic half-shells.
  • a housing half can first be fitted in a simple manner and then the housing is completed by placing the second housing half.
  • the assembly of the electric heater will be described below with reference to FIGS. 12 to 15.
  • FIGS. 8 to 10 show various views of a multilayer electric heating device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a sectional view through the electric heater is shown in Fig. 8, while Fig. 9 is a perspective view and Fig. 10 is a plan view of the arranged in a half-shell of the housing components of the heater.
  • the housing consists of two interlocking half-shells 40a and 40b.
  • the structural units according to the invention are arranged from a radiator element 44, a contact plate 42 connected thereto and heating elements 41 fixed on the contact plate.
  • the units are each separated by spacers 43 in one of the half-shells 40a, 40b used.
  • each housing half-shell 40a, 40b reinforcing elements are provided for reinforcing the narrow housing longitudinal sides.
  • latching tabs 46, 47 engage with one another when the two housing halves 40a, 40b are plugged together.
  • the narrow housing longitudinal sides are mechanically reinforced and therefore can absorb higher clamping forces. Details and alternatives for a mechanically reinforced design of the narrow housing longitudinal sides are explained with reference to the following figures.
  • the clamping pressure is generated via a spring element 49, which compresses the layered structure of PTC elements 41, contact plates 42 and radiator elements 44, so that the electrical and thermal transition between the contact plates 42 and the PTC heating elements 41 is improved. This can increase the efficiency of the heater.
  • the PTC heating elements 41 are prepositioned on first contact plates 42 via a lacquer. On the opposite sides of the PTC heating elements 41, a further contact plate is provided during assembly.
  • FIG. 1 The layered structure of a plurality of assemblies inserted into the housing 40 is shown in FIG.
  • FIGS. 12 to 15 show successive stages of the assembly of the heating device according to the invention, which illustrate the structure of the heating device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 12 shows a perspective view of a half-shell 62a of the half-shells 62a, 62b of the housing.
  • a contact plate 66, a radiator element 64 and adjacent thereto PTC heating elements 4 are used.
  • the position of the contact plate 66 is defined with the contact pin 66a when inserted via the guide 66b (or 67b for the contact plate 67 in Fig. 13).
  • the radiator elements 64 are preferably designed in the form of corrugated rib elements.
  • the corrugated fin element is provided with a contact plate.
  • guides 64a are laterally provided in the inside of the housing. These guides are used only to facilitate assembly. In an alternative embodiment, they can therefore be dispensed with.
  • a radiator element 64 and a contact plate 67 with a plug contact 67a are again provided above the PTC heating elements 4, corresponding to the construction shown in FIG.
  • the second housing half-shell 62b can be plugged onto the first half-shell 62a so equipped.
  • Both housing half-shells are preferably formed so that their parting line approximately in the middle between the two elongated housing end faces (having the passage openings) extends.
  • the assembly of the housing can be simplified in particular by the fact that both half-shells 62a, 62b are provided with latching pins 78 and corresponding bores 79 in the respectively opposite half-shell. When plugging together lock both half-shells as soon as the second half-shell 62b is completely attached to the first half-shell 62a.
  • each of the housing halves 62a, 62b has openings for the air flowing through at the elongated end faces.
  • the PTC heating elements are kept clamped within the housing described in connection with FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 layered structure.
  • This clamping is effected by an additional spring element 72.
  • the spring element is inserted at least between a housing inner side and the layered structure.
  • such a spring element can also be inserted between the opposite housing inner side and the layered structure or at a location within the layered structure.
  • the elongated housing end sides are mechanically reinforced. Between the mechanically reinforced GeHousestimfact, especially in the region of the dividing line, the housing is not able to absorb high clamping forces.
  • transverse struts 69 are provided within the lateral opening for the air to be heated. These cross braces allow the housing to accommodate sufficiently high clamping forces without deflection or deformation of the housing.
  • the half-shells with the struts are each formed in one piece and preferably made of plastic.
  • the cross struts 69 are supplemented by one or more longitudinal struts 70, so that the struts 69 and 70 have the shape of a grid structure.
  • a grid structure allows the cross braces 69 to be kept particularly thin and not obstruct the air flow. At the same time effectively prevents bending of the housing.
  • the stability of the housing between the mechanically reinforced Gerissausestimfact is reinforced in an advantageous embodiment by a special design of the upper and lower sides of the half-shells.
  • protrusions 76 and depressions 77 are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of each half shell 62a, 62b, which are arranged so that they engage in one another when plugged together. In this way, the mechanical stability of the upper and lower sides is increased by entanglement of the sides of the two half shells and between the mechanically reinforced elongated Gerissausestimfact.
  • the spring element 72 can be used only after assembly of the housing.
  • the housing 62 has an opening 71 on one side of the housing. Such an opening is preferably provided on the narrow sides of the housing 62.
  • Each housing half 62a, 62b has corresponding recesses which complement each other in the assembled housing 62 to the slot 71 for insertion of the spring element 72.
  • a particular embodiment of the inner sides of the housing to form a spring channel for insertion of the spring element 72 is described below with reference to Figures 21 to 23.
  • the positioning means 64a, 66b, 67b provided in the housing are arranged so that the pre-positioned elements of the heating device leave sufficient space for the spring element.
  • the prepositioned elements are fixed in the clamping direction effected by the spring with play in order to keep them movable and to absorb the clamping pressure generated by the spring.
  • the spring element 72 has a plurality of individual spring segments which generate the clamping pressure. Preferred embodiments of the spring element 72 will be discussed below in conjunction with FIGS. 26a, 26b and 26c.
  • the contact plates 66 and 67 are each disposed on the outside of the layered structure so that power is supplied to the PTC heating elements 74 via the radiator elements 64.
  • This structure leads to a particularly good heat transfer between the PTC heating elements 4 and the radiator elements 64, which deliver the heat to the air flowing through, and heat conduction losses are therefore particularly low.
  • the air flow is particularly little with special needs.
  • the height can be kept small without reducing the air passage volume.
  • the narrow sides of the housing can therefore be designed as desired.
  • the housing narrow sides are designed so that they allow a mechanical fixation and electrical contacting of the heater.
  • electrical contacting at least one narrow side of the housing is arbitrarily adaptable to the geometry of a plug for power supply.
  • FIGS. 12 to 15 The design of the narrow sides is shown by way of example in FIGS. 12 to 15.
  • a plug shape is formed from the respectively formed on both housing halves projections 73 a, 73 b.
  • the connector tabs 66a and 67a of the two contact plates 66, 67 protrude.
  • a plug 74 is formed from the projections 64a, 64b, which essentially serves for the mechanical fastening of the electric heating device. Since the narrow sides of the housing 62 do not absorb high forces, they can be arbitrarily designed for mechanical and / or electrical attachment.
  • FIGS. 16 to 18 show a further embodiment of a housing and a corresponding electrical heating device.
  • FIG. 16 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of an electric heating device 80, which is narrower in comparison to the embodiment of FIGS. 12 to 15, but with a larger cross-sectional area for a higher air throughput.
  • the heating device has PTC heating elements 4 in a plurality of planes in the layered structure.
  • the PTC heating elements 4 which have a rectangular shape, are aligned with their longitudinal sides parallel to the elongate housing end sides of the heating device.
  • longitudinal struts 70 are respectively provided at the height of the layers with PTC heating elements.
  • a total of four layers with PTC heating elements 4 are present and, accordingly, four longitudinal struts 70 are provided. Due to the greater longitudinal extent of the heating device in comparison to the heating device of FIGS. 12 to 15, this embodiment also has a larger number of transverse struts 69.
  • two spring elements 72 are used in the heater shown, which are respectively inserted at the upper and lower end on the narrow side of the housing.
  • the springs are each inserted so that the spring segments 86, which protrude from the spring element 72, project from the housing surface in the direction of the layered structure.
  • other spring elements 72 can be inserted between the two illustrated spring positions in the layered structure.
  • the uppermost and lowermost of the contact sheets 82 are respectively disposed adjacent to the upper and lower inner sides of the housing.
  • the three middle contact sheets are each disposed adjacent to the three lower layers with PTC heating elements, i. corresponding to the three lower of the longitudinal struts 70th
  • Each of the contact sheets 81, 82 has protruding tabs 81a, 82a from the frame.
  • the housing side 83, from which the contact tongues 81a, 82a protrude, can be configured as desired.
  • a particular embodiment is shown in FIG. 17.
  • the attachable plug attachment 85 consists of a mechanical stop with Befest Trentslöchem and a plug shoe 85a, in which the contact tongues 81a, 82a are arranged.
  • transverse struts 69 of the grid structure are arranged at a distance of 30 to 40 mm.
  • a distance of the cross braces which is greater than 40 mm, in particular from about 60 mm distance, the clamping forces can not be absorbed by the cross braces sufficiently.
  • Figures 21 to 23 show a particular embodiment for the design of the insides of the two housing halves.
  • the inner structure of the housing half-shells has a spring channel into which the spring 72 can be inserted after assembly of the two half-shells of the housing.
  • the spring channel causes a guide of the spring during insertion, via each laterally extending grooves.
  • the grooves are formed, for example, by the projections 94 and either the housing top or, as in the illustrated embodiment, via latch tabs 92a, 92b.
  • the projection 94 not only forms one side of the spring channel for inserting the spring, but also serves as a positioning aid of the elements of the heater. These are (pre-) fixed by the projection 94 with play in the housing to a insertion channel for the inserted after assembly spring.
  • the embodiment shown in Figures 21 to 23 also has an increased rigidity. Such additional stiffening may be required, inter alia, for the following reasons. In order to achieve high efficiency even with "large area heaters", ie heaters that are narrow but large area designed for high air flow, very high clamping forces are required. At housing temperatures of about 170 degrees Celsius, however, the stiffness of the plastic used decreases. In addition, the springs can not force only on the Transmitted edge of the housing, since the spring segments used have a minimum distance of about 2 mm to 2.5 mm to the edge of the spring. In order nevertheless to avoid a deflection of the upper and lower sides of the housing, these are preferably additionally stiffened.
  • latching tabs 92a, 92b are provided in two housing halves.
  • the latching tabs each protrude in the direction of the opposite half of the housing and are latched together via locking lugs 91 during assembly. This toothing on the upper and lower sides of the housing increases their mechanical rigidity and prevents bending.
  • a further increase in rigidity can be achieved via an additional side wall 95, 96.
  • This side wall 95, 96 is respectively arranged above the previous side walls and connected via support members 93 thereto.
  • the mechanical rigidity of the upper and lower sides can be increased so that the housing can accommodate very high clamping forces.
  • a "large-area construction" is possible, ie a heating device with a plurality of layers of PTC elements stacked on top of each other and radiator elements lying between them.
  • FIG. 24 shows a plan view of the spring element 72
  • FIG. 25 shows a side view
  • FIG. 26 shows a perspective view of the spring element 72.
  • the spring element 72 consists of a sheet metal part 85 and of this protruding spring segments 86.
  • the spring element 72 is integrally formed, wherein the spring segments are punched out on three sides of the sheet metal part 85 and bent about an axis 89 in the transverse direction of the sheet metal part 85.
  • the angle ⁇ , by which the punched-out segments are bent, is approximately between 5 ° and 30 °, preferably between 15 ° and 20 °.
  • the spring interacts ideally with the housing, the due to its structure can accommodate greater forces only in the housing sides and in the middle, in the region of the dividing line, less resilient.
  • the lateral ends of the spring segments are arranged very close to the edge of the spring element.
  • each spring segment 86 need not be rectangular, but may also include areas of different width and inclination.
  • each spring segment may have a wider end portion that is slightly flattened to allow for better insertion of the spring element into the housing.
  • a radiator element 64 and a contact plate 66 connected thereto are shown in an elongated embodiment for a "large area heater" (eg, as shown in Fig. 20).
  • the corresponding spring element is shown in Fig. 27b.
  • the spring element has a multiplicity of spring segments 86 arranged one behind the other. Each of the spring segments 86 is capable of exerting a pressing force of about 15 N.
  • the spring segments according to FIG. 27b are positioned closely one behind the other, so that two or three spring segments 86 are arranged over the surface of a PTC element.
  • the clamping pressure can be doubled or even tripled.
  • the clamping pressure is applied uniformly over the entire length of the spring in contrast to conventional frame mounts.
  • the elongated Gescousestimfact are equipped with cross braces 69, that between two successive transverse struts 69 two to a maximum of five spring segments 86 are arranged.
  • FIG. 15 shows a spring element 72 with two or more spring segments arranged next to one another. This embodiment is advantageous in housing shapes having a large depth.
  • spring elements with a thickness of 0.2 to 0.5 mm, preferably about 0.3 mm can be used in the new design principle. As a result, a spring action of the spring segments 86 can be achieved even with a small length of a spring segment.
  • a particular advantage of the heating device according to the invention is that the spring element can be produced for the first time as an endless part and thus can be supplied by a roller during production. Conventionally, each spring segment is manufactured separately and manufactured individually for all different heater lengths. In addition, it is sufficient to provide only one spring element per heater.
  • the heating device In addition to the low height is a particular advantage of the heating device according to the invention, that it can be produced in a particularly simple manner.
  • the assembly of the heating device takes place as described in connection with FIGS. 12 to 15. According to the assembly of the individual elements takes place in contrast to conventional heaters without the clamping forces acting on the layered structure. Only after assembly of the housing, the spring is inserted into the composite housing (see Fig .. 15).
  • the invention relates to a new design principle for electric heaters, in which the functions of the frame and spring are separated.
  • a housing is used, which consists of two half-shells. Positioning aids for the PTC heating elements are arranged in the housing. The longitudinal sides of the housing are designed to be substantially open in order to allow an air flow through the heating coil.
  • the PTC heating elements are attached via a paint on a contact plate contacting the PTC heating elements.
  • the so prefabricated units facilitate assembly and avoid additional positioning means for the correct position of the PTC heating elements during manufacture.
  • the paint also provided protection against the ingress of moisture. In this way, at the same time effective corrosion protection is achieved.
  • a spring is inserted in the housing, which compresses the layered structure of radiator elements, PTC heating elements and contact plates.
  • the spring can be inserted laterally into the housing by means of an opening provided laterally in the housing. As a result, the housing is exposed to the spring forces only after assembly, if it is mechanically strong.
  • the new construction principle has a number of advantages.
  • the weight can be significantly reduced with the same heating power, since no metal frame is used, up to about 50 percent.
  • the heater has no additional measures and no additional weight on exposed metal surfaces.
  • Another advantage is the low height, which is up to 30 percent lower than conventional heaters. As a result, much smaller heaters than conventionally be realized, which nevertheless achieve high efficiency due to the clamping principle used for increasing the electrical and thermal contact. In addition, longer heating elements can be produced, which can be realized with the conventional support frame design only with great effort.
  • the production cost compared to conventional heaters is significantly reduced.
  • the manufacture of the heating device according to the invention is much easier, since no special device for overcoming the spring forces of the frame during the manufacturing process is required.
  • the construction principle requires no special design of the side rails of a holding frame to accommodate the force acting on the longitudinal beams clamping force.
  • the narrow sides the housing according to the invention are therefore adaptable in design to any desired plug geometry surrounding the protruding from the housing connector tongues of the contact sheets.
  • the spring is much cheaper to produce in this way.
  • the thickness of the spring can be reduced and thus a material saving can be achieved.
  • the spring element can now be produced for the first time as an endless part and fed from a roll during production. In addition, a single spring element is sufficient.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Direct Air Heating By Heater Or Combustion Gas (AREA)
EP03020700A 2003-09-11 2003-09-11 Elektrische Heizvorrichtung mit versiegeltem Heizelement Expired - Lifetime EP1515587B1 (de)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE50305966T DE50305966D1 (de) 2003-09-11 2003-09-11 Elektrische Heizvorrichtung mit versiegeltem Heizelement
ES03020700T ES2275988T3 (es) 2003-09-11 2003-09-11 Dispositivo calefactor electrico, con elemento calefactor sellado.
EP03020700A EP1515587B1 (de) 2003-09-11 2003-09-11 Elektrische Heizvorrichtung mit versiegeltem Heizelement
CNB2004100064599A CN100348433C (zh) 2003-09-11 2004-03-08 带有护盖的电加热装置
JP2004093423A JP3929988B2 (ja) 2003-09-11 2004-03-26 ハウジングを備えた電気加熱装置
KR1020040029266A KR100730416B1 (ko) 2003-09-11 2004-04-27 하우징을 갖는 전기 가열 장치
US10/835,895 US7012225B2 (en) 2003-09-11 2004-04-30 Electric heating apparatus with housing

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03020700A EP1515587B1 (de) 2003-09-11 2003-09-11 Elektrische Heizvorrichtung mit versiegeltem Heizelement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1515587A1 EP1515587A1 (de) 2005-03-16
EP1515587B1 true EP1515587B1 (de) 2006-12-13

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EP03020700A Expired - Lifetime EP1515587B1 (de) 2003-09-11 2003-09-11 Elektrische Heizvorrichtung mit versiegeltem Heizelement

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US7012225B2 (ja)
EP (1) EP1515587B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP3929988B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR100730416B1 (ja)
CN (1) CN100348433C (ja)
DE (1) DE50305966D1 (ja)
ES (1) ES2275988T3 (ja)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN100348433C (zh) 2007-11-14
ES2275988T3 (es) 2007-06-16
JP2005093415A (ja) 2005-04-07
US7012225B2 (en) 2006-03-14
DE50305966D1 (de) 2007-01-25
CN1593964A (zh) 2005-03-16
KR20050026980A (ko) 2005-03-17
JP3929988B2 (ja) 2007-06-13
KR100730416B1 (ko) 2007-06-19
US20050056637A1 (en) 2005-03-17
EP1515587A1 (de) 2005-03-16

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