EP1503007B1 - Method of reinforcing a building structure and anchoring device therefor - Google Patents

Method of reinforcing a building structure and anchoring device therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1503007B1
EP1503007B1 EP04291892.0A EP04291892A EP1503007B1 EP 1503007 B1 EP1503007 B1 EP 1503007B1 EP 04291892 A EP04291892 A EP 04291892A EP 1503007 B1 EP1503007 B1 EP 1503007B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
anchoring device
anchoring
building element
fastening
prestressing
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EP04291892.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1503007A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-François Nieto
Christian Tourneur
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Soletanche Freyssinet SA
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Soletanche Freyssinet SA
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/12—Mounting of reinforcing inserts; Prestressing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
    • E04C5/122—Anchoring devices the tensile members are anchored by wedge-action
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the reinforcement of engineering structures. It relates more particularly to the reinforcement of engineering structures using the additional prestressing technique.
  • Additional prestressing is a known technique for reinforcing or repairing concrete or masonry structures, which has been the subject of standard NF P 95-104 (" Repair and reinforcement of concrete and masonry structures ", published in December 1992 by the French standardization association (afnor) ).
  • the reinforcements transmit the forces to the structure by means of anchors supported by pieces of hooped concrete or metal, called bosses, arranged in projection on elements of the structure, such as existing spacers, beams or walls.
  • these anchors are generally grafted by nailing using prestressing bars.
  • bosses are bulky pieces, which can either be cast in place or prefabricated. In both cases, however, the installation of the bosses proves to be difficult, in particular because of the difficulty of accessing the elements of the structure on which the bosses must rest. Openings or windows must sometimes be made in the structure to allow the installation of bosses.
  • the metal bosses are produced in the workshop to be adapted to each structure, which gives them a higher manufacturing quality than concrete bosses.
  • this bearing surface must be striated by machining or by welding of steel wires, which generates a high implementation cost.
  • the reinforcements pass through the bosses in which they are anchored.
  • Such anchoring is always carried out in the boss, on the side opposite to the current part of the reinforcements. It thus puts the boss in compression when the reinforcements are tensioned.
  • the figure 1 gives an example of such an anchor.
  • a boss 1 rests on a spacer 3 of the structure to be reinforced.
  • a prestressing reinforcement 2 crosses the boss 1 to be anchored there at its end opposite to the current part of the reinforcement 2.
  • the bosses provided for by the standard are also positioned at the ends of the structure to be reinforced so as to apply the additional preload over the greatest possible length. They are therefore often close to obstacles, such as walls, posts or spacers of the structure. This arrangement makes it difficult to install a cylinder for tensioning the armatures.
  • the boss can be placed near the obstacle, provided however to make an opening in this obstacle to allow the establishment of the jack.
  • the application of the resulting prestress is better than in the previous case, but this solution means that concrete destruction or coring work must be carried out.
  • An object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the current techniques mentioned above, by authorizing the application of prestressing on a good part of the structure element to be reinforced, while avoiding the implementation of destruction of part of the structure with a view to strengthening it.
  • Another object of the invention is to have an anchoring well suited to the structure to be reinforced, without requiring additional adaptation operations such as machining a bearing surface of the anchoring block on an element of the structure to be reinforced.
  • the invention thus provides an anchoring piece for anchoring, on a building element to be reinforced or repaired by additional prestressing, at least one prestressing reinforcement capable of being tensioned, the anchoring piece being in one piece and comprising fixing means on said construction element and means for anchoring the reinforcement adjacent to a first side of the part directed towards a running part of the reinforcement, such that the fixing means are adjacent to a second side of the piece located opposite the first side, the anchoring means comprising an orifice making it possible to receive at least one strand of said at least one prestressing reinforcement located in said first side, and a housing for receiving the end of the strand of so that, when the strand is tensioned, the strand exerts a tensile force on said first side while the fixing means retain the second side on the element to be reinforced cer, the housing being open on one face of the anchoring part separate from said first side.
  • this anchoring piece makes it possible to provide the desired compressive stress over the entire area considered.
  • the compressive stress is applied to the structure up to the fixing means, that is to say almost to the second side. This side can be placed very close to an obstacle which would hinder the implementation of conventional anchors.
  • the figure 2 shows an anchor 6 according to the invention. This part is suitable for anchoring a frame or a set of frames to reinforce a building element by additional prestressing.
  • the reinforcements used to carry out the prestressing are metallic. It may especially be strands 5 capable of being tensioned and forming a cable in their main part, that is to say between the anchoring zones.
  • the strands are generally protected from corrosion in their main part, for example by means of a sheath 4 of high density polyethylene (HDPE) surrounding the strands and injected with a cement grout or with a non-sticky flexible product, such as grease or wax.
  • HDPE high density polyethylene
  • the anchoring part 6 is monobloc and compact. It is advantageously made of cast iron. At one of its ends (right on the figure 2 ), it comprises an orifice making it possible to receive at least one strand 5 of the cable, the sheath of which stops at the entrance to the anchoring part.
  • a housing 8 is provided in the part 6 to receive the end of the strand 5. It is open on one face of the anchoring part 6, so that the end of the strand 5 anchored is accessible from outside the room 6.
  • the figure 3 more specifically shows an example of anchoring produced in part 6.
  • the strand 5 enters the anchoring part 6.
  • the end of the anchoring part receiving the strand has an orifice capable of receiving an anchoring jaw.
  • the orifice can for example be frustoconical, in which case the jaw 10 gets stuck in the orifice by conical wedging.
  • the part 6 made of cast iron can be molded to present orifices allowing sealing of the connections of the sheath 4 of the prestressing cable with the part 6.
  • a connection tube 9 as well as seals sealing can then be placed in these holes at the entrance of the part 6 to ensure such sealing.
  • the anchoring piece 6 also has means for fixing to the building element to be reinforced or repaired, which may for example be a floor of an industrial building.
  • the figure 4 shows an example of fixing the anchoring part 6 on a floor 12.
  • the fixing of the part 6 can for example be carried out by nailing one or more prestressing bars 14 on the floor 12.
  • orifices 7 can be provided in part 6 to allow the introduction of the prestressing bars.
  • the anchoring part 6 is produced so as to be able to be fixed to the element to be reinforced, in its part opposite to the anchoring of the strand 5, that is to say in the part of the part 6 furthest from the current part of the prestressing cable.
  • the orifices 7 suitable for receiving the prestressing bars 14 are located in the left part of the part 6.
  • the anchoring part 6, as shown in the figure 4 is put in tension when the strand 5 is tensioned. Indeed, the strand 5 exerts a tensile force on the right part of the part 6 in the direction of the current part of the cable, while the part 6 is retained on the floor 12 thanks to the nailing carried out in its left part.
  • This type of anchoring differs therefore conventional bosses 1 as shown on the figure 1 , which are compressed against a structural element by the effect of the force exerted by the tensioned prestressing cable 2.
  • the assembly thus formed therefore makes it possible to transmit to the structure to be reinforced, the result of the nailing and tensioning forces.
  • the anchoring part 6, fixed to the concrete floor 12 has a bearing surface with the construction element, comprising molded ridges.
  • Such molding of the cast iron makes it possible to obtain effective attachment of the part 6 to the concrete, without having to carry out additional costly operations, for example machining of the part 6.
  • the arrangement provided by the invention is particularly advantageous since it makes it possible to tension the strand 5, without having to move aside the anchoring of the wall or of the obstacle 13 which faces away from the anchoring part 6.
  • the end of the strand 5 is accessible at the level of the housing 8 of the part 6, which is located at a distance from the part attachment zone (illustrated by the orifices 7).
  • a tensioning cylinder, equipped with a curved nose can easily be installed in the space available under the part 6. This thus avoids the need for destruction or coring work of the wall 13, in order to be able to tension the strand. 5, unlike what happens with the usual bosses.
  • a cover or a protective sheath 11 can be installed to protect the end of the strand 5 from its exit from the housing 8, as illustrated in the figure 4 .
  • the prestressing bars "nailing" the anchoring parts to the structure may not be enough to fully anchor the cable stress on the structure by friction, because the coefficient of friction notched cast iron on concrete (of the order of 0.6) imposes a very high nailing force.
  • the direct support is for example obtained using a recess 17 provided in the form of a hole not opening on the face of the anchoring piece which is intended to be applied against the structure ( figure 2 ).
  • an abutment stud of shape complementary to that of the recess 17 is fixed on the structure.
  • any play at the stud should be avoided, this which is obtained by injecting the recess 17 with a sealing product when the anchoring part 6 is put in place.
  • This sealing product is for example a pasty resin or a mortar.

Description

La présente invention concerne le renforcement des ouvrages d'art. Elle concerne plus particulièrement le renforcement des ouvrages d'art selon la technique de précontrainte additionnelle.The present invention relates to the reinforcement of engineering structures. It relates more particularly to the reinforcement of engineering structures using the additional prestressing technique.

La précontrainte additionnelle est une technique connue de renforcement ou de réparation d'ouvrages en béton ou en maçonnerie, qui a fait l'objet de la norme NF P 95-104 (" Réparation et renforcement des ouvrages en béton et en maçonnerie", publiée en décembre 1992 par l'association française de normalisation (afnor) ).Additional prestressing is a known technique for reinforcing or repairing concrete or masonry structures, which has been the subject of standard NF P 95-104 (" Repair and reinforcement of concrete and masonry structures ", published in December 1992 by the French standardization association (afnor) ).

Elle consiste à générer des efforts de précontrainte par la mise en tension d'armatures, par exemple des câbles de précontrainte, extérieures à la structure à renforcer. Les armatures transmettent les efforts à la structure par l'intermédiaire d'ancrages s'appuyant sur des pièces en béton fretté ou en métal, appelés bossages, disposées en excroissance sur des éléments de la structure, tels que des entretoises existantes, des poutres ou des murs.It consists in generating prestressing forces by tensioning reinforcements, for example prestressing cables, outside the structure to be reinforced. The reinforcements transmit the forces to the structure by means of anchors supported by pieces of hooped concrete or metal, called bosses, arranged in projection on elements of the structure, such as existing spacers, beams or walls.

Comme spécifié à la section 5.2 de la norme NF P 95-104, ces ancrages sont généralement greffés par clouage au moyen de barres de précontraintes.As specified in section 5.2 of standard NF P 95-104, these anchors are generally grafted by nailing using prestressing bars.

Les bossages en béton sont des pièces volumineuses, qui peuvent être soit coulées en place, soit préfabriquées. Dans les deux cas cependant, l'installation des bossages s'avère délicate, du fait notamment de la difficulté d'accès aux éléments de la structure sur lesquels les bossages doivent reposer. Des ouvertures ou des fenêtres doivent parfois être réalisées dans l'ouvrage pour permettre l'installation des bossages.Concrete bosses are bulky pieces, which can either be cast in place or prefabricated. In both cases, however, the installation of the bosses proves to be difficult, in particular because of the difficulty of accessing the elements of the structure on which the bosses must rest. Openings or windows must sometimes be made in the structure to allow the installation of bosses.

Les bossages métalliques sont réalisés en atelier pour être adaptés à chaque ouvrage, ce qui leur confère une qualité de fabrication supérieure aux bossages en béton. Pour permettre à de tels bossages d'avoir une surface d'appui sur un élément de la structure en béton avec un coefficient de frottement suffisant, cette surface d'appui doit être striée par usinage ou par soudage de fils d'acier, ce qui engendre un coût de mise en œuvre élevé.The metal bosses are produced in the workshop to be adapted to each structure, which gives them a higher manufacturing quality than concrete bosses. To allow such bosses to have a bearing surface on an element of the concrete structure with a sufficient coefficient of friction, this bearing surface must be striated by machining or by welding of steel wires, which generates a high implementation cost.

Selon la technique préconisée par la norme NF P 95-104, les armatures traversent les bossages dans lesquels elles sont ancrées. Un tel ancrage est toujours effectué dans le bossage, du côté opposé à la partie courante des armatures. Il met ainsi le bossage en compression lorsque les armatures sont tendues.According to the technique recommended by standard NF P 95-104, the reinforcements pass through the bosses in which they are anchored. Such anchoring is always carried out in the boss, on the side opposite to the current part of the reinforcements. It thus puts the boss in compression when the reinforcements are tensioned.

La figure 1 donne un exemple d'un tel ancrage. Dans la réalisation illustrée sur cette figure, un bossage 1 repose sur une entretoise 3 de la structure à renforcer. Une armature de précontrainte 2 traverse le bossage 1 pour y être ancrée à son extrémité opposée à la partie courante de l'armature 2.The figure 1 gives an example of such an anchor. In the embodiment illustrated in this figure, a boss 1 rests on a spacer 3 of the structure to be reinforced. A prestressing reinforcement 2 crosses the boss 1 to be anchored there at its end opposite to the current part of the reinforcement 2.

Les bossages prévus par la norme sont par ailleurs positionnés à des extrémités de la structure à renforcer de façon à appliquer la précontrainte additionnelle sur la plus grande longueur possible. Ils sont donc souvent proches d'obstacles, tels que des murs, poteaux ou entretoises de la structure. Cette disposition rend difficile la mise en place d'un vérin de mise en tension des armatures.The bosses provided for by the standard are also positioned at the ends of the structure to be reinforced so as to apply the additional preload over the greatest possible length. They are therefore often close to obstacles, such as walls, posts or spacers of the structure. This arrangement makes it difficult to install a cylinder for tensioning the armatures.

C'est pourquoi, il est généralement nécessaire d'écarter le bossage de l'obstacle pour permettre de disposer d'un espace suffisant pour loger le vérin, ce qui a pour effet de limiter la précontrainte à une sous-partie seulement de l'ouvrage. De façon alternative, le bossage peut être placé à proximité de l'obstacle, à condition toutefois de pratiquer une ouverture dans cet obstacle pour permettre la mise en place du vérin. L'application de la précontrainte qui en résulte est meilleure que dans le cas précédent, mais cette solution oblige à effectuer des travaux de destruction ou de carottage du béton.This is why, it is generally necessary to separate the boss from the obstacle to allow sufficient space to accommodate the jack, which has the effect of limiting the prestressing to only a sub-part of the work. Alternatively, the boss can be placed near the obstacle, provided however to make an opening in this obstacle to allow the establishment of the jack. The application of the resulting prestress is better than in the previous case, but this solution means that concrete destruction or coring work must be carried out.

Le brevet US 5 671 572 décrit aussi des pièces d'ancrage pour des câbles de précontrainte qui présentent des moyens de fixation répartis sur la longueur de la pièce d'ancrage.The patent US 5,671,572 also describes anchoring parts for prestressing cables which have fixing means distributed over the length of the anchoring part.

Un but de la présente invention est de pallier les inconvénients des techniques actuelles rappelées ci-dessus, en autorisant l'application d'une précontrainte sur une bonne partie de l'élément d'ouvrage à renforcer, tout en évitant la mise en œuvre de travaux de destruction d'une partie de l'ouvrage en vue du renforcement.An object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the current techniques mentioned above, by authorizing the application of prestressing on a good part of the structure element to be reinforced, while avoiding the implementation of destruction of part of the structure with a view to strengthening it.

Un autre but de l'invention est de disposer d'un ancrage bien adapté à l'ouvrage à renforcer, sans nécessiter d'opérations d'adaptation supplémentaire tel qu'un usinage d'une surface d'appui du bloc d'ancrage sur un élément de l'ouvrage à renforcer.Another object of the invention is to have an anchoring well suited to the structure to be reinforced, without requiring additional adaptation operations such as machining a bearing surface of the anchoring block on an element of the structure to be reinforced.

L'invention propose ainsi une pièce d'ancrage pour ancrer, sur un élément de construction à renforcer ou à réparer par précontrainte additionnelle, au moins une armature de précontrainte apte à être mise en tension, la pièce d'ancrage étant monobloc et comprenant des moyens de fixation sur ledit élément de construction et des moyens d'ancrage de l'armature adjacents à un premier côté de la pièce dirigé vers une partie courante de l'armature, telle que les moyens de fixation sont adjacents à un second côté de la pièce situé à l'opposé du premier côté, les moyens d'ancrage comprenant un orifice permettant de recevoir au moins un toron de ladite au moins une armature de précontrainte situé dans ledit premier côté, et un logement pour recevoir l'extrémité du toron de sorte que, lorsque le toron est tendu, le toron exerce une force de traction sur ledit premier côté tandis que les moyens de fixation retiennent le deuxième côté sur l'élément à renforcer, le logement étant ouvert sur une face de la pièce d'ancrage distincte dudit premier côté.The invention thus provides an anchoring piece for anchoring, on a building element to be reinforced or repaired by additional prestressing, at least one prestressing reinforcement capable of being tensioned, the anchoring piece being in one piece and comprising fixing means on said construction element and means for anchoring the reinforcement adjacent to a first side of the part directed towards a running part of the reinforcement, such that the fixing means are adjacent to a second side of the piece located opposite the first side, the anchoring means comprising an orifice making it possible to receive at least one strand of said at least one prestressing reinforcement located in said first side, and a housing for receiving the end of the strand of so that, when the strand is tensioned, the strand exerts a tensile force on said first side while the fixing means retain the second side on the element to be reinforced cer, the housing being open on one face of the anchoring part separate from said first side.

Lorsqu'il faut renforcer par précontrainte additionnelle une portion de l'ouvrage dont les extrémités ne sont pas aisément accessibles, cette pièce d'ancrage permet d'apporter la contrainte de compression souhaitée sur la totalité de la zone considérée. Comme elle travaille essentiellement en traction entre les moyens d'ancrage adjacents au premier côté et les moyens de fixation adjacents au second côté opposé, la contrainte de compression est appliquée à la structure jusqu'aux moyens de fixation, c'est-à-dire quasiment jusqu'au second côté. Ce côté peut être disposé tout proche d'un obstacle qui gênerait la mise en œuvre d'ancrage conventionnels.When it is necessary to reinforce, by additional prestressing, a portion of the structure, the ends of which are not easily accessible, this anchoring piece makes it possible to provide the desired compressive stress over the entire area considered. As it works essentially in traction between the anchoring means adjacent to the first side and the fixing means adjacent to the second opposite side, the compressive stress is applied to the structure up to the fixing means, that is to say almost to the second side. This side can be placed very close to an obstacle which would hinder the implementation of conventional anchors.

L'invention propose en outre un procédé de renforcement ou de réparation d'un ouvrage d'art par précontrainte additionnelle comportant la mise en œuvre d'une telle pièce d'ancrage. Ce procédé comprend les étapes suivantes :

  • fixer sur un élément de construction de l'ouvrage d'art, au moins une pièce d'ancrage comprenant une portion apte à effectuer un ancrage d'une extrémité au moins d'une armature de précontrainte fixée à son autre extrémité à l'ouvrage d'art, ladite portion de la pièce d'ancrage étant adjacente à un premier côté de la pièce dirigé vers une partie courante de l'armature, la fixation sur l'élément de construction étant adjacente à un second côté de la pièce situé à l'opposé du premier côté;
  • mettre en tension l'armature de précontrainte; et
  • ancrer l'armature de précontrainte dans ladite portion de la pièce d'ancrage, de manière à ce que la pièce d'ancrage soit mise en traction.
The invention further provides a method of strengthening or repairing a structure by additional prestressing comprising the implementation of such an anchoring piece. This process includes the following steps:
  • fix at least one anchoring piece on a construction element of the structure comprising a portion capable of anchoring at least one end of a prestressing reinforcement fixed at its other end to the structure of art, said portion of the anchor being adjacent to a first side of the part directed towards a current part of the frame, the fastening on the building element being adjacent to a second side of the part situated opposite the first side;
  • tension the prestressing reinforcement; and
  • anchoring the prestressing reinforcement in said portion of the anchoring part, so that the anchoring part is put in tension.

D'autres particularités et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront dans la description ci-après d'exemples de réalisation non limitatifs, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1, déjà commentée, est une vue en coupe schématisée d'un dispositif de renforcement d'un ouvrage par précontrainte additionnelle tel que spécifié dans la norme afnor NF P 95-104 ;
  • la figure 2 est un schéma simplifié d'une pièce d'ancrage selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue en coupe d'une portion de la pièce d'ancrage de la figure 2 et de l'ancrage réalisé dans cette portion ; et
  • la figure 4 représente un mode de renforcement d'un élément de structure selon l'invention.
Other particularities and advantages of the present invention will appear in the description below of nonlimiting exemplary embodiments, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 , already commented on, is a schematic sectional view of a device for reinforcing a structure by additional prestressing as specified in the afnor standard NF P 95-104;
  • the figure 2 is a simplified diagram of an anchoring piece according to the invention;
  • the figure 3 is a sectional view of a portion of the anchoring part of the figure 2 and of the anchoring produced in this portion; and
  • the figure 4 represents a method of strengthening a structural element according to the invention.

La figure 2 représente une pièce d'ancrage 6 selon l'invention. Cette pièce est apte à réaliser l'ancrage d'une armature ou d'un ensemble d'armatures pour renforcer un élément de construction par précontrainte additionnelle.The figure 2 shows an anchor 6 according to the invention. This part is suitable for anchoring a frame or a set of frames to reinforce a building element by additional prestressing.

De façon classique, les armatures utilisées pour réaliser la précontrainte sont métalliques. Il peut notamment s'agir de torons 5 aptes à être mis en tension et formant un câble dans leur partie courante, c'est-à-dire entre les zones d'ancrage. Les torons sont généralement protégés de la corrosion dans leur partie courante, par exemple grâce à une gaine 4 en polyéthylène à haute densité (PEHD) entourant les torons et injectée d'un coulis de ciment ou d'un produit souple non adhérent, comme de la graisse ou de la cire.Conventionally, the reinforcements used to carry out the prestressing are metallic. It may especially be strands 5 capable of being tensioned and forming a cable in their main part, that is to say between the anchoring zones. The strands are generally protected from corrosion in their main part, for example by means of a sheath 4 of high density polyethylene (HDPE) surrounding the strands and injected with a cement grout or with a non-sticky flexible product, such as grease or wax.

La pièce d'ancrage 6 est monobloc et compacte. Elle est avantageusement réalisée en fonte. A l'une de ses extrémités (à droite sur la figure 2), elle comprend un orifice permettant de recevoir au moins un toron 5 du câble dont la gaine s'arrête à l'entrée de la pièce d'ancrage. Un logement 8 est prévu dans la pièce 6 pour recevoir l'extrémité du toron 5. Il est ouvert sur une face de la pièce d'ancrage 6, de manière à ce que l'extrémité du toron 5 ancré soit accessible depuis l'extérieur de la pièce 6.The anchoring part 6 is monobloc and compact. It is advantageously made of cast iron. At one of its ends (right on the figure 2 ), it comprises an orifice making it possible to receive at least one strand 5 of the cable, the sheath of which stops at the entrance to the anchoring part. A housing 8 is provided in the part 6 to receive the end of the strand 5. It is open on one face of the anchoring part 6, so that the end of the strand 5 anchored is accessible from outside the room 6.

La figure 3 montre plus spécifiquement un exemple d'ancrage réalisé dans la pièce 6. Le toron 5 pénètre dans la pièce d'ancrage 6. L'extrémité de la pièce d'ancrage recevant le toron possède un orifice apte à recevoir un mors d'ancrage. L'orifice peut par exemple être tronconique, auquel cas le mors 10 se coince dans l'orifice par coincement conique. Une fois le toron 5 mis en tension pour réaliser la précontrainte, il sera alors retenu fermement par le mors 10.The figure 3 more specifically shows an example of anchoring produced in part 6. The strand 5 enters the anchoring part 6. The end of the anchoring part receiving the strand has an orifice capable of receiving an anchoring jaw. The orifice can for example be frustoconical, in which case the jaw 10 gets stuck in the orifice by conical wedging. Once the strand 5 has been tensioned to carry out the prestressing, it will then be firmly retained by the jaw 10.

Par ailleurs, dans un mode de réalisation avantageux, la pièce 6 réalisée en fonte peut être moulée pour présenter des orifices autorisant une étanchéité des raccordements de la gaine 4 du câble de précontrainte avec la pièce 6. Un tube de raccordement 9 ainsi que des joints d'étanchéité peuvent alors être placés dans ces orifices à l'entrée de la pièce 6 pour assurer une telle étanchéité.Furthermore, in an advantageous embodiment, the part 6 made of cast iron can be molded to present orifices allowing sealing of the connections of the sheath 4 of the prestressing cable with the part 6. A connection tube 9 as well as seals sealing can then be placed in these holes at the entrance of the part 6 to ensure such sealing.

La pièce d'ancrage 6 possède en outre des moyens de fixation sur l'élément de construction à renforcer ou à réparer, qui peut être par exemple un plancher de bâtiment industriel. La figure 4 montre un exemple de fixation de la pièce d'ancrage 6 sur un plancher 12. La fixation de la pièce 6 peut par exemple être effectuée par clouage d'une ou plusieurs barres de précontrainte 14 sur le plancher 12. Dans ce cas, des orifices 7 peuvent être prévus dans la pièce 6 pour permettre l'introduction des barres de précontrainte.The anchoring piece 6 also has means for fixing to the building element to be reinforced or repaired, which may for example be a floor of an industrial building. The figure 4 shows an example of fixing the anchoring part 6 on a floor 12. The fixing of the part 6 can for example be carried out by nailing one or more prestressing bars 14 on the floor 12. In this case, orifices 7 can be provided in part 6 to allow the introduction of the prestressing bars.

Selon l'invention, la pièce d'ancrage 6 est réalisée de façon à pouvoir être fixée sur l'élément à renforcer, dans sa partie opposée à l'ancrage du toron 5, c'est-à-dire dans la partie de la pièce 6 la plus lointaine de la partie courante du câble de précontrainte. Ainsi, sur les figures 2 et 4, les orifices 7 aptes à recevoir les barres de précontrainte 14 sont situés dans la partie gauche de la pièce 6.According to the invention, the anchoring part 6 is produced so as to be able to be fixed to the element to be reinforced, in its part opposite to the anchoring of the strand 5, that is to say in the part of the part 6 furthest from the current part of the prestressing cable. So on figures 2 and 4 , the orifices 7 suitable for receiving the prestressing bars 14 are located in the left part of the part 6.

On comprend donc que la pièce d'ancrage 6, telle que représentée sur la figure 4, est mise en traction lorsque le toron 5 est tendu. En effet, le toron 5 exerce une force de traction sur la partie droite de la pièce 6 en direction de la partie courante du câble, tandis que la pièce 6 est retenue sur le plancher 12 grâce au clouage effectué dans sa partie gauche. Ce type d'ancrage diffère donc des bossages 1 classiques tels que représentés sur la figure 1, lesquels sont comprimés contre un élément de structure par l'effet de la force exercée par le câble de précontrainte tendu 2.It is therefore understood that the anchoring part 6, as shown in the figure 4 , is put in tension when the strand 5 is tensioned. Indeed, the strand 5 exerts a tensile force on the right part of the part 6 in the direction of the current part of the cable, while the part 6 is retained on the floor 12 thanks to the nailing carried out in its left part. This type of anchoring differs therefore conventional bosses 1 as shown on the figure 1 , which are compressed against a structural element by the effect of the force exerted by the tensioned prestressing cable 2.

L'ensemble ainsi constitué permet donc de transmettre à la structure à renforcer, la résultante des efforts de clouage et de mise en tension.The assembly thus formed therefore makes it possible to transmit to the structure to be reinforced, the result of the nailing and tensioning forces.

Dans un mode de réalisation avantageux, la pièce d'ancrage 6, fixée sur le plancher 12 en béton, possède une surface d'appui avec l'élément de construction, comportant des stries moulées. Un tel moulage de la fonte permet d'obtenir un accrochage efficace de la pièce 6 au béton, sans avoir à effectuer des opérations coûteuses supplémentaires par exemple d'usinage de la pièce 6.In an advantageous embodiment, the anchoring part 6, fixed to the concrete floor 12, has a bearing surface with the construction element, comprising molded ridges. Such molding of the cast iron makes it possible to obtain effective attachment of the part 6 to the concrete, without having to carry out additional costly operations, for example machining of the part 6.

La disposition prévue par l'invention est particulièrement avantageuse car elle permet de réaliser la mise en tension du toron 5, sans avoir à écarter l'ancrage du mur ou de l'obstacle 13 qui fait dos à la pièce d'ancrage 6. En effet, l'extrémité du toron 5 est accessible au niveau du logement 8 de la pièce 6, qui se trouve à distance de la zone de fixation de la pièce (illustré par les orifices 7). Un vérin de mise en tension, équipé d'un nez courbe, peut aisément être installé dans l'espace disponible sous la pièce 6. On évite ainsi de recourir à des travaux de destruction ou de carottage du mur 13, pour pouvoir tendre le toron 5, contrairement à ce qui se produit avec les bossages habituels.The arrangement provided by the invention is particularly advantageous since it makes it possible to tension the strand 5, without having to move aside the anchoring of the wall or of the obstacle 13 which faces away from the anchoring part 6. In Indeed, the end of the strand 5 is accessible at the level of the housing 8 of the part 6, which is located at a distance from the part attachment zone (illustrated by the orifices 7). A tensioning cylinder, equipped with a curved nose, can easily be installed in the space available under the part 6. This thus avoids the need for destruction or coring work of the wall 13, in order to be able to tension the strand. 5, unlike what happens with the usual bosses.

En outre, une telle disposition permet, après mise en tension et recépage du toron 5, d'avoir une surlongueur de câble suffisante pour retendre ou, au contraire, détendre le toron.In addition, such an arrangement allows, after tensioning and coppicing of the strand 5, to have a cable excess length sufficient to tighten or, on the contrary, relax the strand.

De façon avantageuse, un capot ou un fourreau de protection 11 peut être installé pour protéger l'extrémité du toron 5 depuis sa sortie du logement 8, comme illustré sur la figure 4.Advantageously, a cover or a protective sheath 11 can be installed to protect the end of the strand 5 from its exit from the housing 8, as illustrated in the figure 4 .

Lorsque les efforts de précontrainte à appliquer sont très importants, les barres de précontrainte "clouant" les pièces d'ancrage sur la structure peuvent ne pas suffire à ancrer en totalité l'effort du câble sur la structure par frottement, car le coefficient de frottement de la fonte crantée sur le béton (de l'ordre de 0,6) impose une force de clouage très importante. Dans ce cas, il peut être avantageux de transmettre les efforts entre la pièce d'ancrage et la structure en combinant le frottement et un appui direct. L'appui direct est par exemple obtenu à l'aide d'un évidement 17 prévu sous forme d'un trou non débouchant sur la face de la pièce d'ancrage qui est destinée à être appliquée contre la structure (figure 2). Lors des travaux, on fixe sur la structure un plot de butée de forme complémentaire de celle de l'évidement 17. Pour assurer une bonne répartition des efforts entre frottement et appui direct, il convient d'éviter tout jeu au niveau du plot, ce que l'on obtient en injectant l'évidement 17 avec un produit de scellement au moment où on met en place la pièce d'ancrage 6. Ce produit de scellement est par exemple une résine pâteuse ou un mortier.When the prestressing forces to be applied are very high, the prestressing bars "nailing" the anchoring parts to the structure may not be enough to fully anchor the cable stress on the structure by friction, because the coefficient of friction notched cast iron on concrete (of the order of 0.6) imposes a very high nailing force. In this case, it may be advantageous to transmit the forces between the anchoring part and the structure by combining friction and direct support. The direct support is for example obtained using a recess 17 provided in the form of a hole not opening on the face of the anchoring piece which is intended to be applied against the structure ( figure 2 ). During the work, an abutment stud of shape complementary to that of the recess 17 is fixed on the structure. To ensure a good distribution of the forces between friction and direct support, any play at the stud should be avoided, this which is obtained by injecting the recess 17 with a sealing product when the anchoring part 6 is put in place. This sealing product is for example a pasty resin or a mortar.

Claims (15)

  1. Anchoring device (6) for anchoring, on a building element (12) to be reinforced or to be repaired by additional prestressing, at least one prestressing armature suitable for being tensioned, the anchoring device (6) being of a single block and comprising means for fastening on said building element and means for anchoring the armature adjacent to a first side of the device directed towards a running portion of the armature, such that the means for fastening are adjacent to a second side of the device located opposite the first side, the means for anchoring comprising an orifice that makes it possible to receive at least one strand (5) of said at least one prestressing armature located in said first side, and a housing (8) for receiving the end of the strand (5) in such a way that, when the strand (5) is tensioned, the strand (5) exerts a traction force on said first side while the means for fastening retain the second side on the element (12) to be reinforced, the housing (8) being open on one face of the anchoring device (6) separate from said first side.
  2. Anchoring device according to claim 1, characterised in that it is made from cast iron.
  3. Anchoring device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the means for fastening comprise means for nailing on said building element by the intermediary of at least one prestressing bar (14).
  4. Anchoring device according to any preceding claim, wherein the means for fastening on the building element are inserted into at least one orifice (7) of the anchoring device.
  5. Anchoring device according to any preceding claim, comprising a support face against said building element (12), said support face comprising moulded striations.
  6. Anchoring device according to any preceding claim, wherein said anchoring device is fastened onto the building element (12) via said means for fastening, in such a way as to be positioned substantially in the vicinity of an obstacle of the building element located opposite a running portion of the armature.
  7. Anchoring device according to any preceding claim, wherein, the anchoring device comprises said at least one orifice adjacent to the first side providing a sealed connection with a sheath (4) surrounding a prestressing cable of the armature.
  8. Anchoring device according to any preceding claim, further comprising means (17) of direct support on a stop member fastened to the building element.
  9. Method of reinforcing or repairing a building structure by additional prestressing, comprising the following steps:
    - fastening on a building element (12) of the building structure, at least one anchoring device (6) according to one of the preceding claims;
    - tensioning the prestressing armature; and
    - anchoring the prestressing armature in said portion of the anchoring device, in such a way that, when the strand (5) is tensioned, the strand (5) exerts a traction force on said first side while the means for fastening retain the second side on the element (12) to be reinforced.
  10. Method according to claim 9, wherein the fastening of the anchoring device (6) on the building element (12) comprises a nailing by the intermediary of at least one prestressing bar (14).
  11. Method according to any of claims 9 to 10, wherein the fastening of the anchoring device (6) on the building element (12) comprises the inserting of means for fastening into at least one orifice (7) of the anchoring device.
  12. Method according to any of claims 9 to 11, wherein the fastening of the anchoring device (6) on the building element (12) comprises the application of a support face comprising moulded striations of the anchoring device against the building element.
  13. Method according to any of claims 9 to 12, wherein the building element (12) comprises an obstacle (13) located opposite a running portion of the armature, and wherein the fastening of the anchoring device (6) on the building element is carried out in such a way that the anchoring device is positioned substantially in the vicinity of said obstacle.
  14. Method according to any of claims 9 to 13, wherein the anchoring of the armature comprises an inserting of the end of the armature into said orifice of said portion of the anchoring device (6) suitable for carrying out an anchoring, in such a way as to allow for a sealed connection between the anchoring device and the sheath (4) of the cable.
  15. Method according to any of claims 9 to 14, wherein a stop member is furthermore fastened to the building element to cooperate with means of support (17) provided on the anchoring device (6), and wherein a sealing product is injected between the stop member and the means of support at the time when the anchoring device is set in place on the building element (12).
EP04291892.0A 2003-07-28 2004-07-23 Method of reinforcing a building structure and anchoring device therefor Active EP1503007B1 (en)

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FR0309225 2003-07-28
FR0309225A FR2858345B1 (en) 2003-07-28 2003-07-28 METHOD FOR REINFORCING AN ART WORK AND ANCHOR PIECE THEREFOR

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JP4563747B2 (en) 2010-10-13
US20120011788A1 (en) 2012-01-19
US20050028477A1 (en) 2005-02-10
FR2858345A1 (en) 2005-02-04
EP1503007A1 (en) 2005-02-02
US8333047B2 (en) 2012-12-18
JP2005048586A (en) 2005-02-24
FR2858345B1 (en) 2007-04-20
US8104246B2 (en) 2012-01-31
ES2782349T3 (en) 2020-09-14

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