Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C8/00—Hand tools or accessories specially adapted for fire-fighting, e.g. tool boxes
  • A62C8/08—Shields
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C2/00—Fire prevention or containment
  • A62C2/06—Physical fire-barriers
  • A62C2/10—Fire-proof curtains
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
  • A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
  • A62C3/0221—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires for tunnels
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
  • A62C3/02—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for area conflagrations, e.g. forest fires, subterranean fires
  • A62C3/0257—Fire curtains, blankets, walls, fences
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
  • E21F11/00—Rescue devices or other safety devices, e.g. safety chambers or escape ways

Definitions

• an emergency cantonment screen can constitute (for isolation of fire smoke or heavy gas circulating at ground level) with regard to maintaining access to the evacuation route (exhibition hall open to the public, industrial complex, etc.).
• the problem of uncontrolled oscillation, with the risk of snagging and tearing, that an atmospheric cantonment curtain would have in a transport tunnel under the effect of air turbulence is also not resolved (see shock waves) induced by the movement of vehicles (road) or convoys (rail, metro, etc.). The installation without other of such a curtain would paradoxically constitute an unacceptable increase in danger here.
• the problem or object of the present invention is to propose a system of screens or curtains for atmospheric confinement which does not have the drawbacks of the systems already known, in particular that described in WO 01/02056.
• the invention relates to a retractable para-smoke gallery placed above a pedestrian escape route located in a confined space, comprising a top closure or roof, laterally at least one access curtain with strips all or partly transparent. or fitted with windows, and a fresh air supply installation.
• the access curtain and depending on the case, the top closing or roof of the para-smoke gallery, are folded back into a rest position. They thus reduce their size and obstruct the movement of people or vehicles.
• the curtain is generally tucked into a housing sheltered from possible eddies.
• the retractable gallery is arranged to deploy the access curtain vertically to the ground, that is to say generally at a lesser distance at 5 cm, so as to create, thanks to the supply of fresh air, a slight overpressure inside the gallery which makes it possible to maintain in it a breathable and transparent atmosphere, devoid of smoke or toxic gas.
• the para-smoke gallery generally includes emergency lighting to give sufficient visibility to people moving inside.
• the external visibility of the deployed gallery is improved by parts of the curtain made of transparent material or provided with windows.
• the present invention therefore makes it possible to considerably increase the safety of persons in the event of a fire or the invasion of a toxic gas in a confined space.
• the access curtain consists of overlapping bands successively fixed individually by their top using a pivoting axis, which allows access to people by a slight lateral spacing bands, and storage in a housing located at the top or roof closure by a complete lateral tilting of the bands.
• these bands are not completely rigid but made of a material having a certain elasticity so as to allow a slight folding in a direction perpendicular to their plane during manual support on these bands.
• the access curtain consists of a succession side by side of semi-rigid vertical bands articulated by hinges in several horizontal ribs and articulated sectors, which allows the passage of people by a transverse spacing of the strips followed by a partial raising of the latter and storage at the level of the roof by folding and complete raising of the strips.
• the vertical strips of the access curtain can also be mounted on a rotary drum axis, for example motorized, allowing their vertical deployment.
• the retractable para-smoke gallery is arranged so that during the opening phase of the access curtain, the expansion of a longitudinal inflatable tube, a jack or the movement of a set of bevelled blades come clamp elements of the upper part of the curtain against friction elements, so as to control by pressure braking, rotation and thereby the descent of the bands into their vertical working position.
• said elements of the upper part of the curtain can be the upper parts of the pivoting bands, in particular in the areas where they overlap.
• said elements of the upper part of the curtain can be the hinges higher.
• the top closure or roof can for example be formed from sheets, rigid or semi-rigid plates by articulations, or be a flexible flame-retardant tarpaulin which can also be wound on a drum axis. In the case where the ceiling of the confined space is low, it can fulfill the role of top closure.
• top or roof closure and the access curtain can be mounted on supports with articulated and / or sliding arms. These are generally provided with locks actuated manually or remotely for opening the assembly by gravity or by actuators. A suspension by maneuvering cables of the retractable smoke gallery can also be carried out in the case of a large ceiling height.
• the top or roof closure and the access curtain can also be suspended by cables.
• the supply of fresh air is generally carried out by a supply duct and air vents, either forming an integral part of the permanent ventilation system of the confined space, or specially dedicated to said retractable para-smoke gallery.
• the start-up of the fresh air supply system is generally controlled by the smoke, toxic gas or fire detection system, which also triggers the deployment of the access curtain and the if applicable from the roof.
• a braking device gently controls the opening of the assembly.
• the ventilation duct and the air vents also act as top closure or roof at which the access curtain is suspended.
• the ventilation duct and the air vents or grilles act as a sidewalk or a landing platform of the railway or metro type.
• the ventilation system and the air vents may consist of transverse ducts fitted with fans located at regular intervals between the two tubes in a twin-tube tunnel, or between a single-tube tunnel and its adjacent exhaust gallery, so as to take fresh air into the intact tube of the twin-tube tunnel or in the exhaust gallery of the single-tube tunnel.
• Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the para-smoke gallery of the invention (on the left in the retracted position, on the right in the deployed position), which comprises a top closure or retractable roof mounted on a wall of the confined space and an access curtain with pivoting bands.
• Figure 2 is a side view of the access curtain with side pivoting bands (on the left both in the rest position and in the intermediate position, on the right in the deployed position).
• Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the para-smoke gallery of the invention (on the left in the retracted position, on the right in the deployed position), which comprises a flexible drop-down roof.
• Figure 4 is a transverse view of a third embodiment of the para-smoke gallery of the invention, in which the ventilation duct also acts as a fixed roof.
• Figure 5 is a transverse view of a variant of the first embodiment of the para-smoke gallery of the invention (on the left in the retracted position, on the right in the deployed position and in intermediate positions), with a semi curtain -rigid with sectors and hinges for transverse opening in place of the access curtain with bands with lateral pivoting.
• FIG. 6 is a transverse view of a variant of the first embodiment of the para-smoke gallery of the embodiment invention (on the left in the retracted position, on the right in the intermediate position), which comprises a device for braking access curtain with side pivoting bands.
• the first embodiment of the para-smoke gallery according to Figure 1 and its variant according to Figure 5 each include a top closure 1, also called roof, retractable, formed of plates or sheets (for example stainless steel, aluminum or another metal protected by an anti-corrosion coating).
• This roof is stiffened by ribs or is semi-rigid by joints and mounted on the wall 12 via supports 10 with articulated and / or sliding arms 8 and 9. It is placed in sections juxtaposed all along and above of the pedestrian evacuation route 13 at a height (about 2 m) compatible with the movement of people and possibly a light emergency vehicle.
• the top closure or roof 1 In the absence of a low ceiling in the confined space, the top closure or roof 1 has the function of limiting the vertical volume of the retractable gallery and the height of the access curtain 4.
• the confined space includes a low ceiling, it could constitute the roof 1.
• the deployment of the gallery could then be limited to the deployment of an access curtain 4 if the gallery is leaning against a wall confined space, or two access curtains otherwise (for example by being located in the middle of the corridor).
• the locks consist of a pin and a striker with eyelet or hook.
• the controls for unlocking (removing) the bolts and releasing the strikes, followed by the opening or putting into working position of the roof and the access curtain, are made by means of a type actuator. pneumatic or electromagnetic cylinder, or a local control lever.
• the opening of the smoke gallery is done under its own weight (by gravity).
• the latches and their actuators are not shown.
• the roof is lighter and even less bulky by being formed of a tarpaulin 1 mounted on a drum axis 11 allowing its unwinding similar to a blind.
• the access curtain 4 and its housing 2 are then fixed to the end of the articulated and / or sliding arms 8, 9. It should be noted that this sheet 1, like the access curtain 4, must meet the criteria of and resistance in the environment considered. .
• the access curtain 4 is formed by vertical strips which go as far as the ground (at a distance between 1 and 5 cm from it) in the working position. It is placed on at least one side and over the entire length and height of the para-smoke gallery.
• the access curtain has a side partitioning function to limit the intrusion of smoke or toxic gas while keeping people easy and quick access.
• the vertical strips of the curtain 4 of the first embodiment overlap partially and successively. They are fixed individually by their upper part using a pivoting axis 3 allowing a slight lateral spacing of the bands access to people and by a complete lateral tilting of the bands storage at rest in a housing 2 located under the roof 1.
• the vertical strips of the curtain are mounted in sections on two planes or parallel and contiguous rows in the housing 2, this so as to be able to be folded towards each other by crossing without overflowing onto the juxtaposed sections.
• the bands are held in their housing by supports 11 (see Fig. 1).
• the latter can form a continuous box also serving as a housing for the cables and pipes for command and control of the device.
• an alternative to lateral pivoting bands is the use of semi-rigid bands made up of several sectors, ribs and articulated.
• the strips are hung side by side by hinges at the top closure (roof). They have a practical width of the order of 0.5 to 1 m.
• a transverse spacing followed by a partial lifting under the push of the hand opens the way to people.
• Full folding and raising of these bands to sectors allow storage at roof level 1 (Fig. 5-left). All the strips of a suspended module, for example on a hinge tube 17, can then be unfolded / folded by rotation or the drive (pins) on this tube.
• a longitudinal energy dissipation retention device can slow the sudden descent of the curtain as well as possibly that of the roof.
• the latter may also include end-of-course stops.
• a longitudinal energy dissipation retention device mechanical, gas or liquid
• the friction elements can be for example rubber, elastomer, etc.
• the braking device at the opening of the curtain also applies to the sector curtain with hinges described above.
• the hinge tube 17 (Fig. 5), an element of the upper part of the curtain, can also act as a longitudinal jaw 15 and form or cover one of the friction elements 16.
• the longitudinal clamping element 14 then pushes (such as a brake shoe) the support tubes and hinges 17 one against the other.
• the correct positioning of the curtain strips is particularly suitable for the use of holding magnets (eg with guide cones). It can also be improved by the longitudinal braking device which would press simultaneously on the flat of the upper edge of all the strips (see fig. 6-right).
• the lateral tilting of a strip has the effect of lifting, at least one section, of the longitudinal jaw 15.
• the important lever arm which constitutes the length of a strip with respect to the distance between its pivot axis 3, fixed on the support 18, and the (sliding) point of support nevertheless makes it possible to easily spread a strip for the opening of the curtain.
• the upper corners of the strips are rounded and possibly a sliding strip 19 (for example made of Teflon) placed in the bottom of the longitudinal jaw comes into contact with the upper edge of said strips with lateral pivoting.
• the strips are partly transparent or provided with windows, and consequently possibly also partially in plastic material compatible from the fire point of view (absence of halogens, etc.).
• a plastic material that can be envisaged is, for example, an extruded polycarbonate with a thickness of approximately 1 to 2 mm which is particularly resistant (of the type used in bulletproof glass, shields, etc.).
• polycarbonate withstands temperatures continuously above 135 ° C.
• “fire stop” strips are nevertheless recommended and placed at regular intervals to avoid the possible spread of a fire from one plastic strip to another.
• Possible materials for "fire-resistant” strips are, for example, aluminum and stainless steel. Rounded edges, folded or provided with a protective seal avoid the protruding side of the strips.
• fresh air distribution vents 5 either are directly part of the basic permanent ventilation system of the confined space, or are specially installed for the operation of the gallery.
• the use of fresh air from its so-called transverse or semi-transverse ventilation system is particularly indicated and constitutes a significant saving in infrastructure.
• the distribution of fresh air is generally already done by air vents 5 located in the pedestal of the tunnel at the evacuation sidewalk or at breast height and are spaced from 6 to 10 m.
• the air flow is compatible with that necessary for the proper functioning of the smoke-free gallery, which is of the order of 30 to 50 l / s per meter of gallery length.
• a fresh air supply installation is specially designed for the smoke-free gallery.
• the tunnel system single-tube or two-tube
• different variants are possible or can be combined with one another.
• the ventilation system can consist of a succession of spaced transverse ducts (branches) the two tubes and fitted with reversible fans so as to take in fresh air from the intact tube, which then also serves as a final evacuation gallery.
• the same principle of air distribution can be adopted, except that here the fans in the branches are not reversible.
• the fresh air distribution duct 6 and the air vents or grilles 5 can also be integrated into the sidewalk or the landing platform of the railway or metro type, or alternatively be integrated into the retractable roof.
• the fresh air supply duct 6 located on the ceiling with the air vents 5 of a corridor can advantageously act as a roof fixed and supporting the housing 2 of the retractable access curtain 4 of the gallery.
• the start-up of the device that is to say if necessary the unlocking followed by the opening of the roof 1 and the access curtain 4, as well as the arrival of fresh air 5 in the gallery para-smoke, is done manually or automatically by order of the smoke, toxic gas and / or fire detection system.
• the opening of the para-smoke gallery can be done “selectively” according to the "contaminated areas" or overgrown with smoke or likely to be. The opening is then done by "entire sectors" on either side of the fire.
• a sector should include at least three emergency exit doors (2 ends and 1 middle), which corresponds to a deployed length of the smoke-spray gallery of at least 500 m on each side of a fire or place of fire. emission of toxic gas.
• the invention consists in creating in case of emergency a fresh air space delimited on the one hand by an evacuation path 13, possibly a wall wall 12 against which would be leaned the retractable para-smoke gallery and other by a top closure (roof) 1 and laterally by a movable access curtain 4.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Emergency Management (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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• 2002
  • 2002-05-01 CH CH21002002A patent/CH703083B1/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2003
  • 2003-05-01 EP EP03717484A patent/EP1499397A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2003-05-01 AU AU2003222398A patent/AU2003222398A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-05-01 WO PCT/IB2003/001698 patent/WO2003092818A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation

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