EP1492678B1 - Security element comprising macrostructures - Google Patents
Security element comprising macrostructures Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1492678B1 EP1492678B1 EP03720418A EP03720418A EP1492678B1 EP 1492678 B1 EP1492678 B1 EP 1492678B1 EP 03720418 A EP03720418 A EP 03720418A EP 03720418 A EP03720418 A EP 03720418A EP 1492678 B1 EP1492678 B1 EP 1492678B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- macrostructure
- layer
- security element
- pattern
- function
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D15/00—Printed matter of special format or style not otherwise provided for
- B42D15/0033—Owner certificates, insurance policies, guarantees
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D15/00—Printed matter of special format or style not otherwise provided for
- B42D15/0053—Forms specially designed for commercial use, e.g. bills, receipts, offer or order sheets, coupons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D15/00—Printed matter of special format or style not otherwise provided for
- B42D15/0073—Printed matter of special format or style not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or material of the sheets
Definitions
- the invention relates to a security element with macrostructures according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Such security elements consist of a thin composite layer of plastic, wherein at least light-modifying relief structures and planar mirror surfaces are embedded in the layer composite.
- the cut from the thin layer composite security elements are glued to objects to authenticate the authenticity of the objects.
- the structure of the thin layer composite and the materials used for this purpose are, for example, in US 4,856,857 described. From the GB 2 129 739 A It is also known to apply the thin layer composite with the aid of a carrier film on an object.
- An arrangement of the type mentioned is from the EP 0 429 782 B1 known.
- the glued on a document security element has, for example, from the EP 0 105 099 A1 or EP 0 375 833 A1 known, optically variable surface pattern of mosaic-like arranged surface parts with known diffraction structures and other light-modifying relief structures. So that a forged document can not be provided with a counterfeit document cut out of a genuine document or detached from a genuine document in order to simulate an apparent authenticity, security profiles are embossed in the security element and in adjacent parts of the document. The impressing of the security profiles interferes with the recognition of the optically variable area pattern. In particular, the varies Position of the stamp on the security element from copy to copy of the document.
- the invention has for its object to provide a cost-effective security element with a novel optical effect, which consists of a thin layer composite and is to be attached to the object to be certified.
- a security element comprising a layer composite lying in a reference plane defined by coordinate axes (x; y) consisting of a molding layer made of plastic and a protective layer made of plastic with embedded optically active structures forming a pattern which form part of the surface of the part Pattern are formed into the impression layer and form a reflective interface embedded between the transparent impression layer and the protective layer of the layer composite and at least one partial area with dimensions greater than 0.4 mm at the interface as optically active structure at least one molded macrostructure (M) with at least 0.1 Having mm distant from each other extreme values and that the macrostructure (M) an at least piecewise continuous and differentiable function of the coordinates (x; y), curved at least in partial areas and no periodic triangular or Rechteckfun is proceedings.
- a security element comprising a layer composite lying in a reference plane defined by coordinate axes (x; y) consisting of a molding layer made of plastic and a protective layer made of plastic with embedded optically active structures forming a pattern which form part of
- the security element 2 has, in the layer composite 1, a macrostructure M which extends in the region of a pattern 4.
- the security element 2 is arranged in an imaginary reference plane spanned by the coordinate axes x, y.
- the macrostructure M is a one-to-one, piecewise continuous and differentiable function M (x, y) of the coordinates x, y.
- the function M (x, y) describes a surface curved at least in partial regions, where ⁇ M (x, y) ⁇ 0 holds in partial regions.
- the macrostructure M is a three-dimensional surface, where x, y are the coordinates of a point P (x, y) on the surface of the macrostructure M.
- the distance z (x, y) of the point P (x, y) from the reference plane is measured parallel to the coordinate axis z perpendicular to the plane of the drawing FIG. 1 stands.
- the pattern 4 is in one embodiment of a surface pattern 38 with those of the aforementioned EP 0 375 833 A1 known, light-modifying structures, such as a flat mirror surface, light-diffractive, microscopically fine grating structures, matt structures, etc., surrounded.
- the surface of the pattern 4 is grid-like according to FIG.
- each raster element is divided into at least two field shares.
- the corresponding portion of the function M (x, y) is formed, in the other example, mosaic elements of the surface pattern 38.
- narrow line elements and / or other arbitrarily shaped mosaic elements of the surface pattern 38 are arranged on the pattern 4 ,
- the line and mosaic elements in one direction have a dimension in the range 0.05 mm to 1 mm.
- the security element 2 is transparent in a further embodiment in an edge zone outside the pattern 4.
- the FIG. 2 shows a cross section through the bonded to the document 3 layer composite 1.
- the composite layer 1 consists of several layers of different, successively applied to a carrier film not shown here plastic layers and comprises in the order listed typically a cover layer 5, an impression layer 6, a protective layer 7 and an adhesive layer 8. At least the cover layer 5 and the impression layer 6 are transparent to incident light 9. Through the cover layer 5 and the impression layer 6 through the pattern 4 is visible.
- the protective layer 7 and the adhesive layer 8 are also transparent, indicia not shown here, which are applied to the surface of the substrate 3, can be recognized by transparent locations 10.
- the transparent areas 10 can be found, for example, within the pattern 4 and / or in the border zone of the security element 2 surrounding the pattern 4.
- the border zone is completely transparent in one embodiment, and only at predetermined transparent locations 10 in another embodiment
- the carrier film is used to apply the thin layer composite 1 to the substrate 3 and is then removed from the layer composite 1, as in the aforementioned GB 2 129 739 A is described.
- the joint contact area between the impression layer 6 and the protective layer 7 is the interface 11.
- the interface 11 In the impression layer 6 are the optically active structures 12 of the macrostructure M of the pattern 4 (FIG. Fig. 1 ) molded with a structural height H St. Since the protective layer 7 fills the valleys of the optically active structures 12, that of the function M (x, y) describes the interface 11.
- the interface 11 may be formed by a metal coating, preferably from the elements of Table 5 of the above-mentioned US 4,856,857 , in particular aluminum, silver, gold, copper, chromium, tantalum, etc., which separates the impression layer 6 and the protective layer 7 as a reflection layer.
- the electrical conductivity of the metal coating causes a high reflectivity for visible incident light 9 at the interface 11.
- one or more layers of one of the known, transparent, inorganic dielectrics for example, in Tables 1 and 4 of the aforementioned US 4,856,857 or the reflective layer has a multi-layered interference layer, such as a two-layer metal-dielectric combination, a metal-dielectric-metal combination, etc.
- Die Reflection layer is structured in one embodiment, ie it covers the interface 11 only partially and leaves at the predetermined transparent locations 10, the interface 11 free.
- the composite layer 1 is produced as a plastic laminate in the form of a long film web with a multiplicity of juxtaposed copies of the sample 4.
- the security elements 2 are cut out of the film web and joined to the document 3 by means of the adhesive layer 8.
- Documents 3 include banknotes, bank cards, identity cards or other valuable items.
- the macrostructure M (x, y) is periodically composed of a predetermined segment of another mathematical function and has one or more periods in the partial surface 13.
- the spatial frequencies F have a value of at most 20 lines / mm and are preferably below a value of 5 lines / mm.
- the dimensions of the surface part 13 are greater than 0.4 mm at least in one direction, so that details in the pattern 4 can be seen with the naked eye.
- one or more of the partial surfaces 13 form a relief image as a pattern 4, wherein the interface 11 instead of the simple mathematical functions of the macrostructure M follows the surface of the relief image.
- Patterns for the pattern 4 can be found on gems or embossed images, such as seals, coins, medals, etc.
- the macrostructure M of the surface of the relief image is piecewise continuous and differentiable and is curved in the subareas.
- the macrostructure M replicates other visible three-dimensional surface textures, for example textures
- the listing of the usable macrostructures M is incomplete since a plurality of the macrostructures M is piecewise continuous, differentiable and at least in partial areas .DELTA.M (x, y) ⁇ 0 applies.
- the layer composite 1 must not be applied too much on the document 3. On the one hand, the documents 3 would otherwise be poorly stackable and, on the other hand, a thick layer composite 1 would offer an attack surface for detaching the layer composite 1 from the document 3.
- the thickness of the layer composite varies according to the predetermined application and is typically in the range from 3 .mu.m to about 100 .mu.m.
- the impression layer 6 is only a part of the layer composite 1, so that a structure height H ST permissible for the structure macrostructure 1 molded into the impression layer 6 is limited to values below 40 ⁇ m.
- the technical difficulties in molding the macrostructure M increase with increasing structural height, so that preferred values of the structural height H ST are smaller than 5 ⁇ m.
- the boundary surface 11 is shown as an impression structure A molded into the impression layer 6 with the optically active structures 12 and a relief height h R.
- the impression structure A is a function A (x; y) of the coordinates x and y.
- the height of the layer composite 1 expands along the coordinate axis z. Since the macrostructure M to be mapped may exceed the predetermined value of the feature height H ST , in each P (x, y) of the pattern 4, the profile height h of the macrostructure M must be limited to the predetermined stroke H of the impression structure A.
- the macrostructures M with high values of the profile height h are also to be formed in the layer composite 1, which is a few micrometers thick, wherein in the Abform Modell A for technical reasons generated discontinuities 14 occur.
- the function C (x; y) is limited in terms of amount to a range of values, for example to half the value of the structure height H ST .
- the values for the stroke H may differ locally.
- the locally varying stroke H is determined by the distance between two consecutive points of discontinuity P n not exceeding a predetermined value in the range from 40 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m.
- the impression structure A is identical to the macrostructure M between two adjacent points of discontinuity 14 up to a constant value. Therefore, with the exception of the shadow cast, the impression structure A produces to a good approximation the same optical effect as the original macrostructure M.
- the illuminated pattern 4 therefore behaves like the relief image when viewed under tilting and / or rotation of the layer composite 1 in the reference plane a three-dimensional surface described by the macrostructure M, although the laminate is only a few microns thick.
- a incident light 9 ( Fig. 2 ) is reflected by the optically active structure 12 and deflected in a predetermined manner.
- a reflection layer for example, an approximately 30 nm thick layer of aluminum is used.
- the refraction of the incident light 9 and the reflected light at the boundaries of the layer composite 1 is for simplicity in the drawing of FIG. 3 not shown and not included in the following calculations.
- the incident light 9 is incident on the optically active structure 12 in the layer composite 1 in an incident plane 15 which contains a normal 16 to the reference plane or to the surface of the layer composite 1.
- Parallel illumination beams 17, 18, 19 of the incident light 9 strike surface elements of the impression structure A, for example at the points indicated by a, b, c.
- Each of the surface elements has a local inclination ⁇ and a surface normal 20, 21, 22 in the plane of incidence 15, which are determined by the component of degrees M (x, y).
- the normal 16 and the second surface normal 21 enter the angle ⁇ > 0 °.
- the observer 26 sees the surface elements of the macrostructure M with a high surface brightness, which have the same local inclination ⁇ in the plane of incidence 15 or in planes parallel to the plane of incidence 15.
- the interface 11 is inherently smooth, the other surface elements of the macrostructure M may also scatter some light parallel to the viewing direction 27 and appear to be differently shaded to the observer 26 in accordance with the local inclination.
- the observer 26 receives a plastic image impression, although the Abform Quilt A at most a few microns is high.
- this scattering effect can be intensified and used in a controlled manner for the design of the security feature 2.
- FIGS. 4a and 4b show the different scattering behavior of the partial surface 13 of the security element 2 for the incident light 9.
- the matt structures have a microscopically fine, stochastic structure in the interface 11 and are described by a relief profile R, a function of the coordinates x and y.
- the matt structures scatter, as in the FIG. 4a shown, the parallel incident light 9 in a scattering cone 29 with a predetermined by the scattering power of the matte structure opening angle and the direction of the reflected light 23 as a cone axis.
- the intensity of the scattered light is greatest, for example, on the cone axis and decreases with increasing distance to the cone axis, wherein the deflected in the direction of the generatrices of the scattering cone light is barely visible to an observer.
- the cross section of the scattering cone 29 perpendicular to the cone axis is rotationally symmetrical in the case of normal incidence of light in the case of a matt structure referred to here as "isotropic". Is, like in the FIG. 4b
- the cross section of the scattering cone 29 in a preferred direction 30 compressed, ie deformed elliptical, with the short major axis of the ellipse is aligned parallel to the preferred direction 30, the matte structure is referred to here as "anisotropic".
- the relief structure elements are parallel aligned to the preferred direction 30.
- the "isotropic" matt structures have direction-independent statistical parameters and therefore have no preferred direction 30.
- the reflective layer consists of a colored metal or the cover layer 5 (FIG. Fig. 2 ) is colored and transparent. Particularly effective is the use of one of the multilayer interference layers on the interface 11, since the bulge of the macrostructure M, the interference layer in the direction of view 27 different thickness and therefore appears in locally different, dependent on the tilt angle 28 colors.
- An example of the interference layer comprises a 100 nm to 150 nm TiO 2 layer between a transparent metal layer of 5 nm Al and an opaque metal layer of about 50 nm Al, the transparent metal layer facing the molding layer 6.
- the FIG. 5 shows in cross section through the layer composite 1, a further embodiment of the macrostructure M.
- the macrostructure M is at least in a partial surface 13 ( Fig. 4a ) a submicroscopic diffraction grating 31 is additively superimposed.
- the diffraction grating 31 has the relief profile R of a periodic function of the coordinates x ( Fig. 2 ) and y ( Fig. 2 ) and has a constant profile.
- the submicroscopic diffraction grating 31 diffracts the incident light 9 (FIG. Fig. 4a ) only in the zeroth diffraction order, ie in the direction of the beam 23 (FIG. Fig. 3 ) of the reflected light, in a dependent of the spatial frequency f section of the visible spectrum.
- the profile depth t of the diffraction grating 31 is sufficiently small ( ⁇ 50 nm), then a smooth, incident light 9 is achromatically reflecting mirror surface as an interface 11 (FIG. Fig. 2 ) in front. Outside the points of discontinuity 14, the macrostructure M - changes slowly in comparison to the submicroscopic diffraction grating 31, which extends in the partial surface 13 with the constant relief height over the macrostructure M.
- FIG. 6 shows the cross section through the layer composite 1 with a further embodiment of the security element 2 (FIG. Fig. 2 ).
- the security element 2 comprises at least two partial surfaces 13 (FIG. Fig. 4a ), which in the drawing of the FIG. 6 arranged one behind the other.
- the constant K is the magnitude of the curvature of the macrostructure M.
- the gradients of the macrostructure M, grad (M) in the surface portions 31, 32, 33 are oriented substantially parallel to the y / z plane.
- FIG. 7b shows the security element 2 after a rotation about the tilting axis 28 at a predetermined tilt angle, below which the strips 34 in the pattern 4 (FIG. Fig. 1 ) lie on the second and third surface parts 32, 33 and on the first surface part 31 on a line parallel to the tilting axis 28.
- This predetermined tilt angle is determined by the choice and positioning of the macrostructures M.
- a predetermined character can only be seen on the surface pattern surrounding the pattern 4 if the strips 34 have a predetermined position, for example that shown in the drawing FIG. 7b shown position, ie when the observer 26 ( Fig. 3 ) considers the security element 2 under the viewing conditions determined by the predetermined tilt angle.
- the embodiments of the pattern 4 described above are to be combined with one another, and the correspondingly shaped macrostructures M are to be additively overlaid with the curved mirror surfaces and the matt structures, as well as all the aforementioned embodiments of the interface 11 (FIG. Fig. 6 ).
Landscapes
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
- Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
- Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
- Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Sicherheitselement mit Makrostrukturen gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a security element with macrostructures according to the preamble of
Solche Sicherheitselemente bestehen aus einem dünnen Schichtverbund aus Kunststoff, wobei in den Schichtverbund wenigstens Licht modifizierende Reliefstrukturen und ebene Spiegelflächen eingebettet sind. Die aus dem dünnen Schichtverbund geschnittenen Sicherheitselemente werden auf Gegenstände geklebt zum Beglaubigen der Echtheit der Gegenstände.Such security elements consist of a thin composite layer of plastic, wherein at least light-modifying relief structures and planar mirror surfaces are embedded in the layer composite. The cut from the thin layer composite security elements are glued to objects to authenticate the authenticity of the objects.
Der Aufbau des dünnen Schichtverbunds und die dazu verwendbaren Materialien sind beispielsweise in der
Eine Anordnung der eingangs genannten Art ist aus der
Es ist auch bekannt, dass in früheren Zeiten bei besonders wichtigen Dokumenten mit einem Siegelabdruck die Echtheit des Dokuments beglaubigt wurde. Der Siegelabdruck weist ein aufwendig gestaltetes Reliefbild auf.It is also known that in earlier times the authenticity of the document was certified for particularly important documents with a seal imprint. The sealing impression has a complex relief image.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein kostengünstiges Sicherheitselement mit einer neuartigen optischen Wirkung zu schaffen, das aus einem dünnen Schichtverbund besteht und am zu beglaubigenden Gegenstand zu befestigen ist.The invention has for its object to provide a cost-effective security element with a novel optical effect, which consists of a thin layer composite and is to be attached to the object to be certified.
Die genannte Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch ein Sicherheitselement aus einem in einer von Koordinatenachsen (x; y) aufgespannten Referenzebene liegenden Schichtverbund bestehend aus einer Abformschicht aus Kunststoff und einer Schutzschicht aus Kunststoff mit eingebetteten, ein Muster bildenden, optisch wirksamen Strukturen gelöst, die in Flächenteilen des Musters in die Abformschicht abgeformt sind und eine zwischen der transparenten Abformschicht und der Schutzschicht des Schichtverbunds eingebettete reflektierende Grenzfläche formen und wenigstens eine Teilfläche mit Abmessungen grösser als 0,4 mm an der Grenzfläche als optisch wirksame Struktur wenigstens eine abgeformte Makrostruktur (M) mit wenigstens 0.1 mm voneinander entfernten benachbarten Extremwerten aufweist und dass die Makrostruktur (M) eine wenigstens stückweise stetige und differenzierbare Funktion der Koordinaten (x; y), wenigstens in Teilbereichen gekrümmt und keine periodische Dreieck- oder Rechteckfunktion ist.According to the invention, said object is achieved by a security element comprising a layer composite lying in a reference plane defined by coordinate axes (x; y) consisting of a molding layer made of plastic and a protective layer made of plastic with embedded optically active structures forming a pattern which form part of the surface of the part Pattern are formed into the impression layer and form a reflective interface embedded between the transparent impression layer and the protective layer of the layer composite and at least one partial area with dimensions greater than 0.4 mm at the interface as optically active structure at least one molded macrostructure (M) with at least 0.1 Having mm distant from each other extreme values and that the macrostructure (M) an at least piecewise continuous and differentiable function of the coordinates (x; y), curved at least in partial areas and no periodic triangular or Rechteckfun is ktion.
Vorteilhafte. Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Advantageous. Embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und werden im folgenden näher beschrieben.Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and will be described in more detail below.
Es zeigen:
Figur 1- ein Sicherheitselement auf einem Dokument,
Figur 2- einen Querschnitt durch einen Schichtverbund
Figur 3- Reflexion an einer Makrostruktur,
Figuren 4- Streuung an Mattstrukturen,
Figur 5- die additive Überlagerung der Makrostruktur mit einem Beugungsgitter,
- Figur 6
- zwei Makrostrukturen eines Sicherheitselements im Querschnitt und
- Figuren 7
- ein Sicherheitselement unter verschiedenen Kippwinkein.
- FIG. 1
- a security element on a document,
- FIG. 2
- a cross section through a layer composite
- FIG. 3
- Reflection on a macrostructure,
- FIGS. 4
- Scattering on matt structures,
- FIG. 5
- the additive superimposition of the macrostructure with a diffraction grating,
- FIG. 6
- Two macrostructures of a security element in cross-section and
- FIGS. 7
- a security element under different Kippwinkein.
In der
Die
Falls auch die Schutzschicht 7 und die Kleberschicht 8 transparent sind, werden hier nicht gezeigte, auf der Oberfläche des Substrats 3 angebrachte Indicia durch transparente Stellen 10 erkennbar. Die transparenten Stellen 10 finden sich beispielsweise innerhalb des Musters 4 und/oder in der das Muster 4 umgebenden Randzone des Sicherheitselements 2. Die Randzone ist in einer Ausführung völlig transparent, in einer anderen Ausführung nur an vorbestimmten transparenten Stellen 10. Die Trägerfolie kann in einer Ausführung die Deckschicht 5 selbst sein, in einer anderen Ausführung dient die Trägerfolie zum Applizieren des dünnen Schichtverbunds 1 auf das Substrat 3 und wird danach vom Schichtverbund 1 entfernt, wie dies in der eingangs erwähnten
Die gemeinsame Berührungsfläche zwischen der Abformschicht 6 und der Schutzschicht 7 ist die Grenzfläche 11. In die Abformschicht 6 sind die optisch wirksamen Strukturen 12 der Makrostruktur M des Musters 4 (
Der Schichtverbund 1 wird als Kunststofflaminat in Form einer langen Folienbahn mit einer Vielzahl von nebeneinander angeordneten Kopien des Musters 4 hergestellt. Aus der Folienbahn werden die Sicherheitselemente 2 beispielsweise ausgeschnitten und mittels der Kleberschicht 8 mit dem Dokument 3 verbunden. Unter Dokumente 3 fallen, Banknoten, Bankkarten, Ausweise oder andere wichtige bzw. wertvolle Gegenstände.The
Die Makrostruktur M(x, y) ist für einfache Muster 4 aus einer oder mehreren Teilflächen 13 (
In einer anderen Ausführung bilden eine oder mehrere der Teilflächen 13 ein Reliefbild als Muster 4, wobei die Grenzfläche 11 anstelle der einfachen mathematischen Funktionen der Makrostruktur M der Oberfläche des Reliefbildes folgt. Vorbilder für das Muster 4 finden sich auf Gemmen oder Prägebildern, wie Siegeln, Münzen, Medaillen usw. Die Makrostruktur M der Oberfläche des Reliefbilds ist stückweise stetig und differenzierbar und ist in den Teilbereichen gekrümmt.In another embodiment, one or more of the
In weiteren Ausführungen bildet die Makrostruktur M andere sichtbare dreidimensionale Oberflächenbeschaffenheiten nach, beispielsweise von Texturen von fast periodischen Geflechten oder Geweben, einer Vielzahl von relativ einfach strukturierten Körpern in einer regelmässigen oder unregelmässigen Anordnung usw. Die Aufzählung der verwendbaren Makrostrukturen M ist unvollständig, da eine Vielzahl der Makrostrukturen M stückweise stetig, differenzierbar ist und wenigstens in Teilbereichen ΔM(x, y) ≠ 0 gilt.In further embodiments, the macrostructure M replicates other visible three-dimensional surface textures, for example textures The listing of the usable macrostructures M is incomplete since a plurality of the macrostructures M is piecewise continuous, differentiable and at least in partial areas .DELTA.M (x, y) ≠ 0 applies.
Der Schichtverbund 1 darf auf dem Dokument 3 nicht zu stark auftragen. Einerseits wären die Dokumente 3 sonst schlecht stapelbar und andererseits böte ein dicker Schichtverbund 1 eine Angriffsfläche zum Ablösen des Schichtverbunds 1 vom Dokument 3. Die Dicke des Schichtverbunds variiert nach der vorbestimmten Anwendung und liegt typisch im Bereich von 3 µm bis etwa 100 µm. Die Abformschicht 6 ist nur ein Teil des Schichtverbunds 1, so dass eine von der Struktur des Schichtverbunds 1 her zulässige Strukturhöhe HST für die in die Abformschicht 6 abgeformte Makrostruktur M auf Werte unter 40 µm beschränkt ist. Ausserdem wachsen die technischen Schwierigkeiten beim Abformen der Makrostruktur M mit zunehmender Strukturhöhe an, so dass bevorzugte Werte der Strukturhöhe HST kleiner als 5 µm sind. Die Profilhöhe h der Makrostruktur M ist die Differenz zwischen einem Wert z = M(x, y) im Punkt P(x, y) zur Referenzebene und dem Wert z0 = M(x0, y0), am Ort P(x0, y0) des minimalen Abstands z0 zur Referenzebene, also Profilhöhe h = z(x, y) - z0.The
In der nicht massstäblichen Zeichnung der
Die Unstetigkeitsstellen 14 der Abformstruktur
Die Abformstruktur A ist zwischen zwei benachbarten Unstetigkeitsstellen 14 bis auf einen konstanten Wert mit der Makrostruktur M identisch. Daher erzeugt die Abformstruktur A mit Ausnahme des Schattenwurfs in guter Näherung den gleichen optischen Effekt wie die originale Makrostruktur M. Das beleuchtete Muster 4 verhält sich also bei der Betrachtung unter Kippen und/oder Drehen des Schichtverbunds 1 in der Referenzebene wie das Reliefbild bzw. wie eine von der Makrostruktur M beschriebene, dreidimensionale Oberfläche, obwohl der Schichtverbund nur wenige Mikrometer dick ist.The impression structure A is identical to the macrostructure M between two adjacent points of
Anhand der
Die
Die Mattstrukturen besitzen im mikroskopischen Massstab feine hier nicht gezeigte Reliefstrukturelemente, die das Streuvermögen bestimmen und nur mit statistischen Kenngrössen beschrieben werden können, wie z.B. Mittenrauhwert Ra, Korrelationslänge Ic usw., wobei die Werte für den Mittenrauhwert Ra im Bereich 200 nm bis 5 µm liegen mit Vorzugswerten von Ra = 150 nm bis Ra = 1,5 µm. Die Korrelationslängen Ic weisen zumindest in einer Richtung Werte im Bereich von Ic = 300 nm bis Ic = 300 µm, vorzugsweise zwischen Ic = 500 nm bis Ic = 100 µm, auf. Bei den "anisotropen" Mattstrukturen sind die Reliefstrukturelemente parallel zur Vorzugsrichtung 30 ausgerichtet. Die "isotropen" Mattstrukturen weisen richtungsunabhängige, statistische Kenngrössen auf und haben daher keine Vorzugsrichtung 30 .The matt structures have on a microscopic scale fine relief features not shown here, which determine the scattering power and can only be described with statistical parameters, such as average roughness R a , correlation length I c , etc., wherein the values for the average roughness R a in the range 200 nm to 5 μm lie with preferred values of R a = 150 nm to R a = 1.5 μm. The correlation lengths I c have values in the range from I c = 300 nm to I c = 300 μm, preferably between I c = 500 nm and I c = 100 μm, at least in one direction. In the case of the "anisotropic" matt structures, the relief structure elements are parallel aligned to the
In einer anderen Ausführung besteht die Reflexionsschicht aus einem farbigen Metall oder die Deckschicht 5 (
Die
Die
In der Ansicht weist das Muster 4 (
Bei der Beleuchtung des Sicherheitselements 2 mit parallelem einfallenden Licht 9 (
Die
In der
Selbstverständlich reichen für das Muster 4 zum Ausrichten der Sicherheitselements 2 in einer anderen Ausführung eine benachbarte Anordnung aus dem ersten Flächenteil 31 und einem der beiden anderen Flächenteile 32, 33 aus.Of course, for the
Ohne von der Idee der Erfindung abzuweichen, sind die oben beschriebenen Ausführungen des Musters 4 mit einander zu kombinieren, die entsprechend geformten Makrostrukturen M mit den gewölbten Spiegelflächen und den Mattstrukturen additiv zu überlagern, sowie alle genannten Ausführungen der Grenzfläche 11 (
Claims (12)
- Security element (2) for authenticating a document (3), which comprises a layer composite (1) located in a reference plane covered by coordinate axes (x; y) and comprises plastic layers having embedded, optically active structures (12) forming a reflective pattern (4), which are moulded into a moulded layer (6) of the layer composite (1) in subareas (13; 31; 32; 33) of the pattern (4) and form a reflective boundary layer (11) embedded in between the transparent moulded layer (6) and the protective layer (7) of the layer composite (1),
characterized
in that in at least one subarea (13; 31; 32; 33) having dimensions in at least one direction of greater than 0.4 mm, a three-dimensional area of at least one macrostructure (M) is moulded into the boundary layer (11) as an optically active structure (12) having adjacent extreme values at least 0.1 mm apart from one another, in that the structure height (HST) is restricted to values below 40 µm, and in that the macrostructure (M) of the boundary layer (11), which is curved at least in subregions, is a function of the coordinates (x; y) which is continuous and can be differentiated, at least in some parts, and is not a periodic triangular or square-wave function. - Security element (2) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the pattern (4) has at least two adjacent subareas (31; 32; 33), in that one macrostructure (M) is moulded in the first subarea (31) and the other macrostructure (-M) is moulded in the other subarea (32; 33), the gradients of the two macrostructures (M, -M) being oriented in substantially parallel planes which contain a normal (16) to the reference plane.
- Security element (2) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the macrostructure (M) is a function, which is continuous and can be differentiated, at least in some parts, having a spatial frequency (F) of at most 20 lines/mm.
- Security element (2) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the macrostructure (M) is a function, which is continuous and can be differentiated, at least in some parts, of a surface structure of a relief image.
- Security element (2) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the macrostructure (M) is moulded into the moulded layer (6) in the form of a moulded structure (A) with a profile height (h) exceeding the structure height (HST), in that the moulded structure (A) is restricted to a predetermined excursion (H) and is equal to the result reduced by a function (C) of a modulus excursion (H) reduced sum of the macrostructure (M) and the function (C), the excursion (H) being less than the structure height (HST), and in that the magnitude of the function (C) dependent on the coordinates is restricted to half the structure height (HST).
- Security element (2) according to Claim 5, characterized in that the structure height (HST) is restricted to values below 5 micrometres, and the excursion (H) lies in the range from 0.5 micrometres to 4 micrometres.
- Security element (2) according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a sub-microscopic diffraction grating (31) having a relief profile (R), a function of the coordinates (x; y), is superimposed additively on the macrostructure (M), the relief profile (R) having a spatial frequency (f) of more than 2400 lines/mm and a constant profile depth (t) from the value range 0.05 to 5 micrometres, and in that the diffraction grating (31) retains the predetermined relief profile (R), following the macrostructure (M).
- Security element (2) according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a light-scattering matt structure having a relief profile (R), a function of the coordinates (x; y), is superimposed additively on the macrostructure (M), the matt structure having a mean roughness Ra in the range from 200 nm to 5 µm, and in that the matt structure retains the predetermined relief profile (R), following the macrostructure (M).
- Security element (2) according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the boundary layer (11) is formed by a multilayer interference layer.
- Security element (2) according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the boundary layer (11) is formed by a full-area and/or structured metallic reflective layer.
- Security element (2) according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a top layer (5) of the layer composite (1) is transparent and coloured.
- Security element (2) according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that line and/or other mosaic elements of a surface pattern (38) having light-modifying structures from the group comprising flat reflective surface, microscopic grating structures and matt structures surround the pattern (4).
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SI200331579T SI1492678T1 (en) | 2002-04-05 | 2003-04-03 | Security element comprising macrostructures |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10216561A DE10216561B4 (en) | 2002-04-05 | 2002-04-05 | Security element with macrostructures |
DE10216561 | 2002-04-05 | ||
PCT/EP2003/003483 WO2003084766A2 (en) | 2002-04-05 | 2003-04-03 | Security element comprising macrostructures |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1492678A2 EP1492678A2 (en) | 2005-01-05 |
EP1492678B1 true EP1492678B1 (en) | 2009-01-28 |
Family
ID=28458824
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03720418A Expired - Lifetime EP1492678B1 (en) | 2002-04-05 | 2003-04-03 | Security element comprising macrostructures |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7002746B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1492678B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2005528634A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20040106311A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1646328B (en) |
AT (1) | ATE421926T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003224034A1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE10216561B4 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1492678T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2321079T3 (en) |
PL (1) | PL204059B1 (en) |
PT (1) | PT1492678E (en) |
RU (1) | RU2314931C2 (en) |
SI (1) | SI1492678T1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003084766A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (23)
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DE10216562C1 (en) | 2002-04-05 | 2003-12-11 | Ovd Kinegram Ag Zug | Security element with micro and macro structures |
DE102004017094A1 (en) * | 2004-04-07 | 2005-11-03 | Leonhard Kurz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for producing secure licence plate for vehicle with a macroscopic pattern pressed into the areas not covered by the number symbols |
DE102005006074B4 (en) | 2005-02-10 | 2009-12-10 | Leonhard Kurz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Decorated injection molded article and method of making the decorated injection molded article |
DE102005017169B4 (en) | 2005-04-13 | 2023-06-22 | Ovd Kinegram Ag | transfer film |
DE102005017170B4 (en) | 2005-04-13 | 2010-07-01 | Ovd Kinegram Ag | Transfer film, process for their preparation and multilayer body and its use |
DE102005061749A1 (en) * | 2005-12-21 | 2007-07-05 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Optically variable security element for making valuable objects safe has an achromatic reflecting micro-structure taking the form of a mosaic made from achromatic reflecting mosaic elements |
JP4961944B2 (en) * | 2006-10-24 | 2012-06-27 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | Display and printed matter |
DE102007063275A1 (en) * | 2007-12-27 | 2009-07-02 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Security feature for high tilt angles |
US20100206953A1 (en) * | 2009-02-19 | 2010-08-19 | O'boyle Lily | Durable washable label having a visible diffraction grating pattern |
JP2011002491A (en) * | 2009-06-16 | 2011-01-06 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | Display body and article with label |
FR2959830B1 (en) * | 2010-05-07 | 2013-05-17 | Hologram Ind | OPTICAL AUTHENTICATION COMPONENT AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME |
WO2012143426A1 (en) * | 2011-04-20 | 2012-10-26 | Rolic Ag | Asymmetric optically effective surface relief microstructures and method of making them |
DE102012010908A1 (en) * | 2012-06-01 | 2013-12-05 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Verification of value documents with a window with diffractive structures |
CN102760379B (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2014-12-10 | 深圳职业技术学院 | Anti-fake label and manufacture method thereof |
FR3019496A1 (en) | 2014-04-07 | 2015-10-09 | Hologram Ind | OPTICAL SECURITY COMPONENT WITH REFLECTIVE EFFECT, MANUFACTURE OF SUCH A COMPONENT AND SECURE DOCUMENT EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A COMPONENT |
CN104385800B (en) | 2014-10-16 | 2017-10-24 | 中钞特种防伪科技有限公司 | Optical anti-counterfeit element and optical anti-counterfeiting product |
DE102015005911A1 (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2016-11-10 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Optically variable security element |
RU2754983C2 (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2021-09-08 | Виави Солюшнз Инк. | Product with inclined reflective segments |
RU174679U1 (en) * | 2017-02-13 | 2017-10-25 | Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Центр Компьютерной Голографии" | Micro-optical system for the formation of visual images with kinematic effects |
FR3066954B1 (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2019-11-01 | Surys | OPTICAL SECURITY COMPONENT VISIBLE IN REFLECTION, MANUFACTURE OF SUCH COMPONENT AND SECURE DOCUMENT PROVIDED WITH SUCH COMPONENT |
DE102018004088A1 (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2019-11-21 | Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh | Security element with micro-reflectors |
DE102019008250A1 (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2021-05-27 | Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh | Security element with tilt-dependent display of motifs |
CN111842287B (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2021-07-16 | 山东大学 | Non-contact positioning device for jet cleaning, cleaning system and method |
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JPS58200275A (en) * | 1982-05-18 | 1983-11-21 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Production for patterned fresnel hologram |
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DE10028426A1 (en) * | 1999-06-10 | 2001-04-12 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Manufacture of three-dimensional structure using coarse structure with recesses having edges inclined at angle between 0 and 90 degrees |
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WO2004003668A1 (en) * | 2002-07-01 | 2004-01-08 | Toray Plastics (America), Inc. | Patterned deposition of refractive layers for high security holograms |
-
2002
- 2002-04-05 DE DE10216561A patent/DE10216561B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-04-03 CN CN03807929.1A patent/CN1646328B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-04-03 PT PT03720418T patent/PT1492678E/en unknown
- 2003-04-03 DK DK03720418T patent/DK1492678T3/en active
- 2003-04-03 ES ES03720418T patent/ES2321079T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-04-03 AU AU2003224034A patent/AU2003224034A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-04-03 KR KR10-2004-7015639A patent/KR20040106311A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-04-03 SI SI200331579T patent/SI1492678T1/en unknown
- 2003-04-03 DE DE50311142T patent/DE50311142D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-04-03 US US10/510,114 patent/US7002746B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-04-03 EP EP03720418A patent/EP1492678B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-04-03 RU RU2004132232/12A patent/RU2314931C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-04-03 JP JP2003581988A patent/JP2005528634A/en active Pending
- 2003-04-03 AT AT03720418T patent/ATE421926T1/en active
- 2003-04-03 WO PCT/EP2003/003483 patent/WO2003084766A2/en active Application Filing
- 2003-04-03 PL PL371280A patent/PL204059B1/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2321079T3 (en) | 2009-06-02 |
SI1492678T1 (en) | 2009-08-31 |
DE10216561A1 (en) | 2003-10-23 |
CN1646328A (en) | 2005-07-27 |
JP2005528634A (en) | 2005-09-22 |
RU2004132232A (en) | 2005-04-20 |
PL204059B1 (en) | 2009-12-31 |
RU2314931C2 (en) | 2008-01-20 |
AU2003224034A1 (en) | 2003-10-20 |
PT1492678E (en) | 2009-04-03 |
US7002746B2 (en) | 2006-02-21 |
PL371280A1 (en) | 2005-06-13 |
EP1492678A2 (en) | 2005-01-05 |
DE10216561B4 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
US20050163922A1 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
CN1646328B (en) | 2011-03-30 |
DK1492678T3 (en) | 2009-05-04 |
DE50311142D1 (en) | 2009-03-19 |
ATE421926T1 (en) | 2009-02-15 |
WO2003084766A3 (en) | 2004-02-05 |
AU2003224034A8 (en) | 2003-10-20 |
KR20040106311A (en) | 2004-12-17 |
WO2003084766A2 (en) | 2003-10-16 |
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