EP1489365A1 - Conditionneur d'air - Google Patents

Conditionneur d'air Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1489365A1
EP1489365A1 EP02701665A EP02701665A EP1489365A1 EP 1489365 A1 EP1489365 A1 EP 1489365A1 EP 02701665 A EP02701665 A EP 02701665A EP 02701665 A EP02701665 A EP 02701665A EP 1489365 A1 EP1489365 A1 EP 1489365A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
heat exchanger
drain pan
air blower
air conditioner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02701665A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1489365B1 (fr
EP1489365A4 (fr
Inventor
Hidetomo c/o MITSUBISHI DENKI K.K. NAKAGAWA
Masao c/o MITSUBISHI DENKI K.K. NAGANO
Isao c/o Mitsubishi Denki K.K. Funayama
Toshiaki c/o MITSUBISHI DENKI K.K. YOSHIKAWA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Electric Corp filed Critical Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Priority to EP10168061A priority Critical patent/EP2228606B1/fr
Publication of EP1489365A1 publication Critical patent/EP1489365A1/fr
Publication of EP1489365A4 publication Critical patent/EP1489365A4/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1489365B1 publication Critical patent/EP1489365B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/22—Means for preventing condensation or evacuating condensate
    • F24F13/222—Means for preventing condensation or evacuating condensate for evacuating condensate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
    • F24F1/0043—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by mounting arrangements
    • F24F1/0057—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by mounting arrangements mounted in or on a wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
    • F24F1/0059—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by heat exchangers
    • F24F1/0063—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by heat exchangers by the mounting or arrangement of the heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
    • F24F1/0083—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units with dehumidification means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an air conditioner for managing condensed water from the air cooled by a heat exchanger.
  • drained water and dehumidified water will be used below in the same meaning as the condensed water.
  • a front heat exchanger 2 and a rear heat exchanger 3 are provided in an air conditioner body 10 so as to surround an air blower 1.
  • an air path 4 is provided so that the indoor air sucked from a front air inlet 10a and a top air inlet 10b provided in the front surface and the top surface of this air conditioner body 10 is passed through the above-mentioned heat exchangers 2 and 3 and the air blower 1 sequentially and blown out of a bottom air outlet 10c provided in the bottom surface of the body.
  • a rear drain pan 11 for recovering condensed water dropping from the rear heat exchanger 3 is provided under the rear heat exchanger 3.
  • a vortex flow stabilizing member 20 formed to extend upward along and between an air blower rear air path surface 4b and the rear heat exchanger 3 is provided to make the air, which passes through the rear heat exchanger 3, flow smoothly enough to prevent a vortex flow from occurring in the tongue portion of the air blower rear air path surface.
  • the air passing through the rear heat exchanger 3 flows smoothly into the bottom air outlet 10c.
  • the vortex flow in the tongue portion 4c of the air blower rear air path wall 4b becomes so small that the noise is reduced.
  • the air passing through the rear heat exchanger 3 flows into the bottom air outlet 10c too smoothly to be mixed with the air passing through the front heat exchanger 2. Accordingly, for example, there may occur a difference in temperature between the front heat exchanger and the rear heat exchanger or there may occur a difference in temperature distribution depending on the flow of a refrigerant in the respective heat exchangers. In such a case, the air blower 1 is bedewed due to the difference in temperature with respect to the rotating direction of the air blower. Consequently, water drops jump out of the bottom air outlet 10c.
  • the front end of the bottom portion of the rear drain pan 11 may be extended simply along the air flow path of the air blower 1 so that the tongue position of the air flow path reaches the central line of the air blower.
  • the suction area of the air path is reduced so that the air path resistance increases.
  • the speed of the air passing through the front exchanger 2 increases. Consequently, as shown in Fig. 10, there arises a problem of discrete frequency noise depending on the number of blades and the number of revolutions of the air blower 1.
  • the present invention was developed to solve the foregoing problems. It is an object of the invention to obtain an economical air conditioner which is silent and which restrains water drops from jumping out of an air outlet.
  • an air conditioner including an air blower for air blowing, a front heat exchanger and a rear heat exchanger respectively provided on a front side and a rear side of an indoor unit so as to surround the air blower and for carrying out heat exchange between indoor air and a refrigerant, a rear drain pan provided under the rear heat exchanger and for receiving drained water, and an air blower air path formed around the air blower and narrowed near a front end portion of the rear drain pan, a lower portion of the rear heat exchanger being located rearward in comparison with an upper portion of the rear heat exchanger so as to be inclined backward, the air conditioner being characterized in that: a louver is provided to extend upward from a front upper portion of the rear drain pan substantially along a shell of the air blower so as to guide air passing through the rear heat exchanger to the air blower air path, and to catch drained water dropping from the upper portion of the rear heat exchanger and make the drained water flow into the rear drain pan.
  • louver is arranged to vertically overlie an upper front end portion of the rear heat exchanger.
  • a front end portion of the louver extends, with an angle equal to an inclination angle of the rear heat exchanger, to a position substantially corresponding to a position where a lowest stage radiator tube of the heat exchanger is placed.
  • the rear drain pan is molded integrally with a wall surface constituting an air path of the air blower.
  • the louver molded separately from the rear drain pan is attached to the rear drain pan.
  • an air conditioner including an air blower for air blowing, a front heat exchanger and a rear heat exchanger respectively provided on a front side and a rear side of an indoor unit so as to surround the air blower and for carrying out heat exchange between indoor air and a refrigerant, a front drain pan and a rear drain pan respectively provided under the front heat exchanger and the rear heat exchanger and for receiving drained water, and a fixation plate member attached into the indoor unit and for fixing the front heat exchanger and the rear heat exchanger, the air conditioner being characterized in that: a gutter-like condensed water recovery mechanism (14) for guiding condensed water produced on the fixation plate member into the front drain pan or the rear drain pan is installed by molding integrally with the fixation plate member.
  • gutter-like condensed water recovery mechanism makes the rear drain pan and the front drain pan communicate with each other.
  • gutter-like condensed water recovery mechanism is provided on the outer side of the fixation plate member.
  • the reference numeral 1 represents an air blower provided in an air conditioner body and for circulating the indoor air; 2 and 3, a front heat exchanger and a rear heat exchanger provided to surround the front surface and the rear surface of this air blower 1 respectively and for carrying out heat exchange between the indoor air and a refrigerant; and 4, an air blower air path through which the indoor air from the front heat exchanger 2 and the rear heat exchanger 3 is blown out to the room through an air outlet 10c in the bottom surface of the air conditioner body.
  • This air blower air path 4 is formed out of a front air path wall 4a and a rear air path wall 4b. A tongue portion 4c of this rear air path wall 4b is made to communicate with a rear drain pan 11.
  • the above-mentioned rear heat exchanger 3 is configured so that its lower portion is inclined rearward in comparison with its upper portion with respect to the vertical direction of the air conditioner body in view of the relationship between the air pass area of the rear heat exchanger 3 and the flow of condensed water.
  • the reference numeral 10 represents an air conditioner body unit.
  • This body unit 10 has a front air inlet 10a in its front surface and a top air inlet 10b in its top surface, and has a unit air outlet 10c in its bottom surface.
  • These air inlets 10a and 10b and the air outlet 10c communicate with one another through the air path wall.
  • the reference numeral 11 represents a rear drain pan provided under the rear heat exchanger 3 provided in this air path wall, and for recovering drained water such as condensed water or the like from the heat exchanger in question.
  • the reference numeral 12 represents a louver provided for guiding the indoor air from the rear heat exchanger 3.
  • the louver 12 extends upward obliquely along the shell shape of the impeller of the air blower 1 from the front upper portion of this rear drain pan 11 (the position corresponding to the lowest surface 3a of the rear heat exchanger 3) to the position corresponding to the horizontal position of the upper front end portion of the rear heat exchanger 3.
  • the indoor air respectively sucked from the front air inlet 10a and the top air inlet 10b of the air conditioner body 10 pass through the front heat exchanger 2 and the rear heat exchanger 3 respectively so as to be heat-exchanged with the refrigerant in the heat exchangers.
  • the heat-exchanged indoor air is blown out of the unit air outlet 10c through the air blower air path 4 by the air blower 1, and then sucked from the front air inlet 10a and the top air inlet 10b again.
  • operation similar to the aforementioned operation is repeated.
  • the upper-side air of the air passing through the rear heat exchanger 3 flows downward by the sucking force of the air blower 1.
  • the lower-side air of the air passing through the rear heat exchanger 3 flows in accordance with the guide of the louver 12 provided on the front upper portion 11a of the rear drain pan 11. Those upper-side air and the lower-side air of the air are blown together out of the air outlet 10c through the tongue portion 4c of the rear air path wall 4b by the air blower 1.
  • the louver 12 is disposed to receive the air pass exit surface of the rear heat exchanger 3, that is, so that the front end portion 12a of the louver 12 and the front end portion of the rear heat exchanger 3 are substantially overlaid on each other vertically.
  • the louver 12 is placed to be inclined to the drain pan 11.
  • louver 12 is extended from the drain pan front upper portion 11a so as to reach the horizontal position corresponding to the upper front end of the rear heat exchanger 3 substantially along the shell shape of the impeller of the air blower 1. Accordingly, the suction air path area of the air inlet of the air blower air path 4 is secured to prevent the air path resistance from increasing.
  • this configuration as shown in Fig. 6, the production of discrete frequency noise depending on the number of blades or the number of revolutions of the air blower 1 is suppressed.
  • the front end portion of the louver 12 is formed into a slope having substantially the same angle as the inclination angle of the rear heat exchanger 3 so as to cover the exit-side inclined surface of the rear heat exchanger 3.
  • the height with which the louver 12 is extended is set to reach a position (or height) about 10 mm above the lowest surface 3a of the rear heat exchanger 3 or substantially corresponding to the position where the lowest stage radiator tube 3b of the rear heat exchanger 3 is placed.
  • the upper-side air of the air passing through the rear heat exchanger 3 flows downward by the sucking force of the air blower 1.
  • the lower-side air of the air passing through the rear heat exchanger 3 is guided further upward by the front end portion 12a of the louver 12 provided on the front upper portion 11a of the rear drain pan 11. Accordingly, the upper-side air and the lower-side air of the air in the rear heat exchanger 3 are well mixed with each other so as to be uniform in temperature.
  • the floor in the room or the like is further prevented from getting wet with condensed water.
  • the rear drain pan 11 and the rear air path wall 4b of the air blower air path 4 in Embodiment 1 or 2 are molded integrally.
  • the louver 12 is formed as a part separated from these parts, and then attached to the rear drain pan 11.
  • the shape of a mold for a unit air path with the rear drain pan 11 or the louver 12 becomes simple.
  • the louver 12 can be attached after the rear heat exchanger 3 is attached, not only are the mold cost and the material cost reduced, but the assembling performance is also improved.
  • the degree of freedom for the design of the louver 12 is improved, it is possible to obtain an economical air conditioner improved in the degree of freedom of design.
  • a fixation plate member 13 for fixing the front heat exchanger 2 and the rear heat exchanger 3 forms a side surface of an air path wall of the body unit, and a gutter-like condensed water recovery mechanism 14 for guiding condensedwater produced in the fixation plate member 13 into a front drain pan 15 or a rear drain pan 11 is provided on the fixation plate member 13.
  • the fixation plate member 13 fixing and supporting these heat exchangers 2 and 3 is cooled. Accordingly, when the warm air comes in contact with it so as to be dehumidified and cooled, condensed water is produced on the fixation plate member 13. The condensed water adheres to the fixation plate member 13, soon grows up and flows down from the upper portion of the fixation plate member 13 so as to have a tendency to fall down to the air blower 1 or the drain pan 11 or 15.
  • the gutter-like condensed water recovery mechanism 14 is provided on the lower portion of the fixation plate member 13 fixing the front heat exchanger 2 and the rear heat exchanger while the lower portion is the portion where the respective heat exchangers are fixed, so that the condensed water produced on the fixation plate member 13 is recovered by the condensed water recovery mechanism 14 and is guided to the front drain pan 15 or the rear drain pan 11.
  • the condensed water adhering to the fixation plate member 13 is received in the front drain pan 15 or the rear drain pan 11 without dropping to the air blower 1.
  • the gutter-like condensed water recovery mechanism 14 is provided on the lower portion of the fixation plate member 13 where the respective heat exchangers 2 and 3 are located so that the condensed water is guided to the front drain pan 15 or the rear drain pan 11.
  • the condensed water recovery mechanism 14 is molded integrally with the fixation plate member 13.
  • the gutter-like condensed water recovery mechanism 14 may be provided on the outer side of the fixation plate member 13.
  • the rear drain pan 11 and the front drain pan 15 are not limited to those which are located inside the fixation plate member 13. That is, these drain pans may be extended to the outside of the fixation plate member 13.
  • the present invention it is possible to obtain an air conditioner in which the production of discrete frequency noise depending on the number of blades or the number of revolutions of the air blower is prevented while the temperature is made so uniform that condensed water is hard to be produced.
  • the condensed water flows into the drain pan so that the condensed water is prevented from blowing or dropping down into the room.
  • the louver is designed to vertically overlie the upper front end portion of the rear heat exchanger. Accordingly, even if condensed water is produced, most of the condensed water flows from the louver into the drain pan so that the condensed water is prevented from blowing or dropping down into the room.
  • the front end portion of the louver extends, with the same angle as the inclination angle of the rear heat exchanger, to a position substantially corresponding to the position where the lowest stage radiator tube of the heat exchanger in question is placed. Accordingly, the air path area of the air blower is varied gradually without spoiling the air path area of the heat exchanger so that the air is made to flow smoothly while the production of a vortex flow or the production of discrete frequency noise is suppressed. It is therefore possible to obtain a silent air conditioner having superior performance.
  • the louver when the louver is formed as a separate part from the rear drain pan, the shapes of molds for molding those parts can be made simple. In addition, because the louver can be attached then, it is possible to obtain an economical air conditioner in which the mold cost and the material cost are low and the assembling performance is superior.
  • the gutter-like condensed water recovery mechanism by which condensed water produced on the fixation plate member for fixing the front and rear heat exchangers is guided into the front drain pan or the rear drain pan is provided on the fixation plate member. Accordingly, the condensed water is restrained from flying out of the air outlet.
  • the discharge pipes for discharging drained water can be arranged in order and the number of the discharge pipes can be reduced. It is therefore possibleto obtain an economical air conditioner.
  • the gutter-like condensed water recovery mechanism is provided on the outer side of the fixation plate member, it is possible to obtained an air conditioner in which the condensed water can be restrained from flying into the room with a simpler configuration.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Devices For Blowing Cold Air, Devices For Blowing Warm Air, And Means For Preventing Water Condensation In Air Conditioning Units (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning Room Units, And Self-Contained Units In General (AREA)
EP02701665A 2001-12-19 2002-03-01 Conditionneur d'air Expired - Fee Related EP1489365B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10168061A EP2228606B1 (fr) 2001-12-19 2002-03-01 Climatiseur

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2001386211 2001-12-19
JP2001386211A JP3876706B2 (ja) 2001-12-19 2001-12-19 空気調和機
PCT/JP2002/001902 WO2003052325A1 (fr) 2001-12-19 2002-03-01 Conditionneur d'air

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10168061.9 Division-Into 2010-07-01

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1489365A1 true EP1489365A1 (fr) 2004-12-22
EP1489365A4 EP1489365A4 (fr) 2010-05-12
EP1489365B1 EP1489365B1 (fr) 2011-10-26

Family

ID=19187919

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02701665A Expired - Fee Related EP1489365B1 (fr) 2001-12-19 2002-03-01 Conditionneur d'air
EP10168061A Expired - Fee Related EP2228606B1 (fr) 2001-12-19 2002-03-01 Climatiseur

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10168061A Expired - Fee Related EP2228606B1 (fr) 2001-12-19 2002-03-01 Climatiseur

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US6708516B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP1489365B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3876706B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20030071865A (fr)
CN (1) CN1232768C (fr)
AU (1) AU2002234934B2 (fr)
ES (2) ES2368381T3 (fr)
TW (1) TW552378B (fr)
WO (1) WO2003052325A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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KR20100076250A (ko) * 2008-12-26 2010-07-06 엘지전자 주식회사 공기조화장치

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WO2003067156A2 (fr) * 2002-02-06 2003-08-14 Jose Moratalla Systeme de deshumidification par dessiccation
ITVI20020154A1 (it) * 2002-07-10 2004-01-12 Xiang Srl Condizionatore d'aria monoblocco
JP2006046694A (ja) * 2004-07-30 2006-02-16 Daikin Ind Ltd 冷凍装置
JP4697427B2 (ja) * 2005-11-22 2011-06-08 三菱電機株式会社 空気調和機
JP3979427B2 (ja) * 2005-11-28 2007-09-19 ダイキン工業株式会社 空気調和機の室内機
US20080178916A1 (en) * 2007-01-25 2008-07-31 Electrolux Home Products, Inc. Apparatus for Monitoring Operation of a Dishwasher Device and Associated System and Method
JP5386509B2 (ja) * 2008-12-25 2014-01-15 東芝キヤリア株式会社 空気調和機の室内機
CN102472523B (zh) * 2009-07-10 2015-07-01 三菱电机株式会社 空气调节装置的室内机
JP4965618B2 (ja) * 2009-09-15 2012-07-04 シャープ株式会社 空気調節装置の風向変更装置
EP2386802B1 (fr) * 2010-05-13 2012-11-21 LG Electronics Inc. Climatiseur
KR20110139834A (ko) * 2010-06-24 2011-12-30 삼성전자주식회사 공기조화기의 실내기
JP5404758B2 (ja) * 2011-12-20 2014-02-05 三菱電機株式会社 空気調和機の室内機
JP2014119131A (ja) * 2012-12-13 2014-06-30 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 空気調和機の室内機
CN103900152B (zh) * 2012-12-28 2018-08-03 松下电器产业株式会社 空气调节器
JP6129126B2 (ja) * 2014-08-04 2017-05-17 三菱電機株式会社 空気調和機の室内機
CN105066407B (zh) * 2015-08-14 2018-11-30 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 一种风道的导流结构及包括该导流结构的空调器
US10724759B2 (en) * 2016-02-02 2020-07-28 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Indoor unit for air-conditioning apparatus
JP6545293B2 (ja) * 2016-02-03 2019-07-17 三菱電機株式会社 空気調和機の室内機
US10723204B2 (en) 2018-01-26 2020-07-28 Denso International America, Inc. Vehicular air conditioning system
CN111197811B (zh) * 2018-11-20 2022-07-19 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 一种出风结构及空调
US10871306B2 (en) 2019-01-02 2020-12-22 Johnson Controls Technology Company Modular drain pans for HVAC systems
CN109974087B (zh) * 2019-03-29 2021-02-09 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 出风结构、空调室内机和空调器
JP2020204430A (ja) * 2019-06-17 2020-12-24 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 空気調和機
US11408638B2 (en) * 2020-01-17 2022-08-09 Munters Italy S.P.A. Gutter for an evaporative panel of a cooling system
CN115435389A (zh) * 2021-06-01 2022-12-06 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 壁挂式空调器

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4000779A (en) * 1975-11-28 1977-01-04 General Electric Company Blowoff baffle
FR2571314A1 (fr) * 1984-10-05 1986-04-11 Daimler Benz Ag Receptacle d'eau de condensation pour une installation de climatisation d'un vehicule automobile
JPS61184341A (ja) * 1985-02-08 1986-08-18 Hitachi Ltd 空気調和機
DE4410120A1 (de) * 1993-05-27 1994-12-01 Behr Gmbh & Co Klimaanlage für ein Kraftfahrzeug
US5878591A (en) * 1996-11-19 1999-03-09 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Air conditioner
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KR20030071865A (ko) 2003-09-06
EP2228606A1 (fr) 2010-09-15
TW552378B (en) 2003-09-11
AU2002234934B2 (en) 2004-09-30
US20030167786A1 (en) 2003-09-11
AU2002234934A1 (en) 2003-06-30
ES2368381T3 (es) 2011-11-16
EP1489365B1 (fr) 2011-10-26
WO2003052325A1 (fr) 2003-06-26
JP2003185171A (ja) 2003-07-03
CN1509393A (zh) 2004-06-30
EP2228606B1 (fr) 2011-06-22
EP1489365A4 (fr) 2010-05-12
ES2375049T3 (es) 2012-02-24
CN1232768C (zh) 2005-12-21
US6708516B2 (en) 2004-03-23

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