EP1489231B1 - Apparatusfor crossing a surface and use of the apparatus and method for crossing a traffic surface and as a summer cross-country skiing piste - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for the creation of one or more ruts passable on slideways in tracks or terrain surfaces according to the preamble of the claim (compare with DE - U - 2000 4251 ).

The crossing of motorized traffic areas or of snow-free or snow-cleared off-road areas through trails or downhill roads has always been a problem since e.g. In traffic areas safe driving by motor vehicles must be given, which requires thorough snow removal and also scattering. However, this is a hindrance for cross-country skiers or alpine skiers who have to cross this traffic area.

The DE 39 37 712 A1 and the US Pat. No. 4,497,854 show artificial ski runs made of castors or mats, which, depending on the chosen system, produce a lateral guidance through which the skis can roll or glide in the longitudinal direction, in line with the classic winter cross-country track. The AT 327 768 B shows a ski track element for skiing on roller skis. The DE 33 09 177 A1 and the US 2,924,455 A reveal artificial coverings for ski slopes without spur-giving elements and thus allow a swinging as in alpine skiing.

According to the cited documents, the skiing or similar movements are to be made possible for training purposes in the snow-free season. None of the known devices according to the aforementioned documents is integrated into the surface, all protrude with their height above the ground level, so that a barrier with vehicles hindered either these and / or the facilities are damaged by the vehicles. Thus, with the facilities mentioned neither road crossings nor unimpeded agricultural or other use of the affected areas possible. In contrast, the present invention relates to a device and a method for traversing a surface with sliding devices, such as skis, cross country skis, snowboards or toboggans, which otherwise is snow-free or otherwise unsuitable for these sliding devices.

Currently, carpets and mats, snowfills, overpasses or underpasses are used to cross snow-free areas. Carpets and mats polluted by vehicles, chemical grit, grit and its abrasion, are exposed to mechanical wear and tear due to vehicular traffic and are an obstacle to clearing vehicles. Snow heaps are unsatisfactory on busy or otherwise snow-free areas for both sides. Overpasses or underpasses can be ruled out for space and cost reasons, as well as for aesthetic reasons in most cases.

The object of the invention is, inter alia, to obtain these surfaces, even during the period of use by the listed athletes for vehicle traffic without restrictions usable.

This is achieved according to the invention by a device according to claim 1. The recessed in the road surface groove is on the one hand for receiving the sliding elements and on the other hand to drain away from the roadway liquids, such as rainwater or meltwater provided. The normal snow removal is not hindered by the inventive crossing.

The lowering of the sliding plane with respect to the surface is at least so great that the sliding plane or the sliding elements forming it are not touched by the tires of the vehicles. The width of the ruts is slightly larger than the width of the respective sliding devices, the purpose of the surface is maintained. The inventive device ensure consistent and well calculable conditions for the athletes and thus the highest level of safety. The construction prevents contamination of the rolling and sliding elements and thus damage to the lining of the sliding device. The movement of the athletes is not or hardly interrupted, eliminating the buckling and buckling.

Furthermore, the connections to the trails or slopes with the usual equipment, such as snow groomers or the like can be made without loss of time. The modular structure allows adaptation to all installation situations. The inventive device is low maintenance.

There are - different to overpasses or underpasses - no impairment of the local and landscape image. An advantageous device consists of a frame structure containing rolling or sliding elements. This device is attached to snow-free surfaces. The sliding devices, such as ski, cross-country ski, snowboard or tobogganing can then drive or cross the snow-free surfaces without damaging the coating.

A variable rolling resistance is used for adaptation, for example, to a desired or existing track characteristics (light / medium / heavy).

The DE 73 36 610 U describes a device for facilitating the shifting of objects on loading floors of trucks, semitrailer and trailers, wherein in the arranged on the chassis loading floor at least two mutually parallel grooves are used, which extend in the longitudinal direction of the loading floor and are inserted into the narrow roller tracks, the be transferred by means of hydraulic motors from their retracted positions in raised positions, in which the rollers project at least partially over the loading floor surface.

The EP-A-0 300 128 discloses a roller conveyor with a plurality of successively spaced in the conveying direction at a distance from one another and with their axes of rotation transversely to the conveying direction arranged freewheeling and / or electric motor driven rollers, wherein at least the freewheeling rollers by means of at its two end faces axially projecting stub axles rotatable in openings of spaced parallel to each other extending in the conveying direction vertical side walls of an open-topped channel of a supporting structure are releasably supported. The supporting structure consists of a panel formed of plate-shaped material, which comprises horizontal upper cover plates and at least one of them projecting downwardly projecting, open to the plane of the cover plates channel. Starting from the upper region of the side walls of the channel, retaining cutouts are formed over the connecting edge to the adjacent cover plate, and snap-in holders made of elastically deformable material are provided which each have a horizontal bore which fits on the stub axle of the roll and can be snapped into the holder cutouts from above are designed.

From the EP-A-0 214 669 a device for transporting piece goods, pallets and the like, has become known with a loading surface for the support of the goods to be transported, wherein at least on a part of the loading surface below the plane transport means are arranged, which by a relative movement between the loading area and transport over the Level of the cargo area can be arranged above.

From the DT 26 48 916 A1 is a conventional roller conveyor for pallets and the like on a loading rail for vehicles before, the roller conveyor can be raised to an operative position and lowered into an inoperative position.

The DE 200 04 251 U1 Finally, discloses a transporting device for carrying loads, in which a carriage can be pulled with his runners on rollers of sunken into the bottom of a cargo bed roller conveyors.

The width of the frame construction and the rolling or sliding elements is adapted to the corresponding sliding device For snowboards (see rolling element variant 7), for example, a wide construction is used for paired sliding devices at least two narrow constructions are performed in parallel. The base and anchoring point for the frame construction is the channel embedded in the carriageway, under which an empty piping for optional heat tracing can be inserted. The gutter can be made of concrete, for example, of concrete with reinforcing additives, of plastic or metal. The channel shape allows rapid drainage of surface and melt water, as well as rounded edges for easy cleaning with mechanical devices. Special grooves and recesses tuned to the frame allow it to be stored and anchored. A variable rolling resistance is used for adaptation, for example, to a desired or existing track characteristics (light / medium / heavy). The frame construction consists of torsion-resistant, temperature insensitive material resistant to external influences, preferably of a galvanized steel construction or of cast iron.

• Fig. 1 ist eine Draufsicht auf eine erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung,
• Fig. 2 ist ein Schnitt entlang der Linie B-B der Fig. 1,
• Fig. 3 ist ein Schnitt entlang der Linie B-B durch eine gegenüber Fig. 2 abgeänderte Einrichtung.
• Fig. 4 zeigt einen Schnitt entlang der Linie A-A der Fig. 1, die
• Fig. 5 bis 8 zeigen gegenüber Fig. 4 abgeänderte Varianten,
• Fig. 9 ist ein Schnitt entlang der Linie C-C der Fig. 1 durch eine beispielhafte Schraubbefestigung der Rahmenkonstruktion an der Rinne,
• Fig. 10 ist ein Schnitt entlang der Linie C-C der Fig. 1 durch eine beispielhafte Klemmbefestigung der Rahmenkonstruktion an der Rinne,
• Fig. 11 ist ein Schnitt durch eine Ausfiihrungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung.
• Fig. 12 ist ein Schnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung für Gleitvorrichtungen, die breiter sind als das eigentliche Gleitelement bzw. die Spurrinne, die
• Fig. 13 bis 17 sind Beispiele für günstige Querschnitte für fixe oder bewegliche Gleitelemente.

Details of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings

• Fig. 1 is a plan view of a device according to the invention,
• Fig. 2 is a section along the line BB the Fig. 1 .
• Fig. 3 is a section along the line BB through one opposite Fig. 2 modified device.
• Fig. 4 shows a section along the line AA of Fig. 1 , the
• Fig. 5 to 8 show opposite Fig. 4 modified variants,
• Fig. 9 is a section along the line CC the Fig. 1 by an exemplary screw fastening the frame construction to the gutter,
• Fig. 10 is a section along the line CC the Fig. 1 by an exemplary clamp fastening of the frame construction to the gutter,
• Fig. 11 is a section through an embodiment of the device according to the invention.
• Fig. 12 is a section through an inventive device for sliding devices that are wider than the actual sliding element or the rut, the
• FIGS. 13 to 17 are examples of favorable cross sections for fixed or movable sliding elements.

In the Fig. 1 shown frame 2 is adapted to the grid of a channel 1, whereby any lengths within the grid possible and easy and fast handling during assembly and replacement is guaranteed.

Outside the winter sports season, the frame structure 2 can be exchanged for a water intake grate. The attachment of inlet grate frame and frame 2 takes place in the grooves provided in the grooves 1 by means of screw 5 according to Fig. 9 or with clamp 6 according to Fig. 10 ,

The frame structure 2 receives the rolling or sliding elements 4. The sliders 7, such as ski, roll or slide on them, as in FIG FIGS. 2 and 3 shown, transverse to the direction of travel of the vehicle traffic below the upper edge of the roadway 9, are advantageously 2-3 cm, in a slot which is slightly wider than the corresponding slide 7, in the case of Langlaufschi about 7-10 cm. This geometry ensures, on the one hand, the sufficient lateral guidance of the sliding devices 7 along the frame 2 or along a guide rail fastened to the frame 2 for the sliding devices 7 harmless material, on the other hand crossing with vehicles and devices of all kinds, without the rolling or sliding elements 4th be touched by the vehicles.

The distance of the rolling or sliding elements 4 from each other is chosen so that on the one hand dirt and snow fall into the channel 1 and can be mechanically removed there or defrosted, and on the other hand, a corresponding support for the sliding devices 7 such. Schi, given that prevents excessive deflection or threading of the sliding device in the space between adjacent sliding elements 4. Favorable as a distance between adjacent sliding elements 4 are about 15 cm. The rolling or sliding elements 4 can be exchanged individually with the frame structure 2 removed and varied depending on the construction in their rolling resistance.

• Variante 1: Rollelement 4 wie in Fig. 4 dargestellt, mit Lagerung in Lagerbuchsen (Gleitlager).
• Variante 2: Rollelement 4 gemäß Fig. 5, mit einstellbarem Rollwiderstand mittels Schrägkugellagern, in welchen die Achse der Rolle gelagert ist.
• Variante 3: Rollelement 4 wie in Fig. 6 dargestellt, mit einstellbarem Rollwiderstand mittels Pressring.
• Variante 4: Rollelement 4 wie in Fig. 7 dargestellt, mit einstellbarem Rollwiderstand mittels Keilringen, deren Kegelflächen reibungsschlüssig ineinandergreifen, wobei eine Kegelfläche auf der Achse des Rollelementes und die andere Kegelfläche (Innenkegel) in der Lagerbohrung bevorzugt axial verstell- und feststellbar angeordnet ist.
• Variante 5: Exzentrisch schwenkbar gelagertes, längliches in Fig. 8 dargestelltes Gleitelement 4, das in Ruhestellung aufrecht steht, um Schmutzablagerungen auf seiner Gleitfläche zu verhindern, und von dem darüber gleitenden Schi 7 in eine horizontale Stellung gebracht wird (Fig. 2). Durch unterschiedliche Beschichtung der beiden Seiten (Längsflächen) des Gleitelementes 4 wird ein bezüglich der Bewegungsrichtung der Gleitelemente richtungsgebundenes System erzeugt, das auch für Steigungen des Geländes (Fläche 9) geeignet ist. Eine Seite (Längsfläche) mit Gleiteigenschaften (d.h. niedrigem Reibungskoffizienten) ermöglicht ein kontrolliertes Talwärtsgleiten, die rutschhemmend (mit höherem Reibungskoeffizienten) ausgeführte andere Seite (Längsfläche) einen sicheren Aufstieg.
• Variante 6: Unbewegliche Gleitelemente in geometrischen Formen wie in den Fig. 13 bis 16 dargestellt, beispielsweise Dreiecksprismen, die mit gerundeter Kante nach oben angeordnet sind (Fig. 13), auf einer Ecke stehende quadratische Querschnitte mit gerundeten Kanten Fig. 14, Rundstäbe Fig. 16, oder stehende elliptische Prismen, die schibelagszerstörende Ablagerungen an den Berührungsflächen verhindern (Fig. 15).
• Variante 7: Rollelement 4 gemäß Fig. 12, in Form zweier an der Deckfläche verbundener Kegelstümpfe (Diaboloform), die ein stabilisiertes Darübergleiten mit breiter als die Spurrinne gebauten Gleitvorrichtungen 7, wie beispielsweise Snowboards dergestalt ermöglicht, dass eine Teilfläche (Lauffläche) der Gleitvorrichtung (Snowboard) in Schräglage auf dem Rollelement (einem der beiden Kegelstümpfe) aufliegt und die restliche Teilfläche (Lauffläche) in der vom Rollelement vorgegebenen Seitenneigung über die zu querende Fläche hinausragt, was eine schmälere Rahmenkonstruktion und damit eine bessere Querungsmöglichkeit für den Fahrzeugverkehr gewährleistet.
• Variante 8: Rollelement 4 mit selbstregulierender Rotationsgeschwindigkeit mittels Fliehkraftbremse (nicht dargestellt).
• Variante 9: Rollelement, Konstruktionsprinzip wie in Querschnitt Fig. 17 dargestellt, mit an den Berührungspunkten zum Belag der Gleitvorrichtungen mit für die Gleitvorrichtungen unschädlichen Materialen versehenen Kanten.

As in the Fig. 4 to 8 Shown, the sliding elements 4 consist of an axis with storage, carrier layer and wear or sliding layer. The axle, preferably made of metal, carries the weight of the athletes and is the connection to the storage elements of the respective variants. On the axes, for example by pressing, the shaping element of the rolling or sliding elements 4, preferably made of plastic, fixed. In this shaped body, the required wear or wear layer of a harmless for the sliding devices 7 material, preferably a slip-resistant plastic, for example, applied by shrinking or gluing, the surface of which forms the surface of the sliding plane 10. In the following, advantageous variants are described in detail:

• Variant 1: rolling element 4 as in Fig. 4 shown, with bearings in bushings (plain bearings).
• Variant 2: rolling element 4 according to Fig. 5 , with adjustable rolling resistance by means of angular contact ball bearings, in which the axis of the roller is mounted.
• Variant 3: rolling element 4 as in Fig. 6 shown, with adjustable rolling resistance by means of press ring.
• Variant 4: rolling element 4 as in Fig. 7 shown, with adjustable rolling resistance by means of wedge rings, the conical surfaces frictionally engage, with a conical surface on the axis of the rolling element and the other conical surface (inner cone) in the bearing bore is preferably arranged axially adjustable and lockable.
• Variant 5: Eccentrically pivoted, elongated in Fig. 8 illustrated sliding member 4, which stands upright in the rest position to prevent dirt deposits on its sliding surface, and is brought by the sliding over slide 7 in a horizontal position ( Fig. 2 ). By different coating of the two sides (longitudinal surfaces) of the sliding element 4, a direction-bound with respect to the direction of movement of the sliding elements system is generated, which is also suitable for slopes of the terrain (area 9). One side (longitudinal surface) with sliding properties (ie low friction coefficient) allows a controlled downhill sliding, the other side (longitudinal surface) running anti-slip (with higher coefficient of friction) a safe ascent.
• Variant 6: Immovable sliding elements in geometric shapes as in the Fig. 13 to 16 represented, for example, triangular prisms, which are arranged with rounded edge upwards ( Fig. 13 ), on a corner standing square cross sections with rounded edges Fig. 14 , Round rods Fig. 16 , or standing elliptical prisms, which prevent schibelagszerstörende deposits on the contact surfaces ( Fig. 15 ).
• Variant 7: Rolling element 4 according to Fig. 12 in the form of two truncated cones (Diaboloform) connected to the top surface, which enables a stabilized sliding over with sliding devices 7 wider than the rut, such as snowboards, in such a way that a partial surface (running surface) of the sliding device (snowboard) is inclined on the rolling element (a the two truncated cones) rests and the rest of the surface (tread) protrudes beyond the surface to be traversed in the side slope defined by the rolling element, which ensures a narrower frame construction and thus a better crossing possibility for vehicle traffic.
• Variant 8: rolling element 4 with self-regulating rotational speed by means of centrifugal brake (not shown).
• Variant 9: Rolling element, construction principle as in cross section Fig. 17 represented with at the points of contact to the lining of the sliding devices provided with innocuous materials for the sliding devices edges.

The device according to the invention can be kept ice-free by chemical or thermal means.

In the device according to the invention also a Leerverrohrung 3 can be integrated, via which the device heat can be supplied to keep the channel 1 and the sliding elements 4 functional, in particular ice-free. The empty piping 3 is fixed in the illustrated embodiments on the outside of the channel 1. In the empty piping, an electric heater may be routed from a mains or from a mains independent power source, e.g. an accumulator, is fed.

The device according to the invention can also be used as a summer cross-country trail, wherein the devices according to the invention are strung together to form the track, with arches of the trail through arcuately shaped grooves 1, which are also strung together, or by polygonal strung straight channels can be achieved.

Claims (11)

1. Apparatus for creating one or more track grooves, which can be travelled over by sliding devices (7), in particular cross-country skis, alpine skis, snowboards or toboggans, in roadways or areas of land, wherein the sliding plane (10) to be travelled over is recessed relative to the adjoining surface of the land or roadway (9) and has lateral guides, wherein the slide plane (10) is formed by a plurality of slide elements (4) which are mounted in at least one frame (2) or on two spars disposed parallel to one another, characterised in that the frame (2) or the spars disposed parallel to one another are inserted replaceably into grooves (1), preferably commercially available prefabricated groove parts, in the surface of the land or roadway (9).
2. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that for sliding devices (7) used in pairs, e.g. skis, toboggans, a double frame (2) with two track grooves parallel to one another is disposed in a single groove (Figure 11).
3. Apparatus as claimed in either Claims 1 or Claim 2, characterised in that the groove (1) is provided with notches in which the frames (2) are fixed with screwed (5) and/or clamped fixings (6).
4. Apparatus as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the slide elements (4) are constructed as rollers, round bars (Figure 16), bars with an elliptical cross-section (Figure 15), triangular or quadrangular prisms with an upwardly rounded edge (Figure 13, Figure 14), or as polygonal prismatic elements with concave recesses between the edges (Figure 17), and wherein the slide elements (4) are fixed in the frame (2) or are mounted so as to be rotatable or pivotable.
5. Apparatus as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the slide elements (4) have a polygonal prismatic shape with concave recesses between the points of contact of the slide element with the coating of the sliding device (7), wherein wear parts which regulate the sliding resistance are attached to the exposed edges.
6. Apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the slide elements (4) are mounted obliquely.
7. Apparatus as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the slide elements (4) are of elongate construction and are mounted so that they can tilt eccentrically, wherein the slide elements have a different surface finish on each slide element (4) and each form a slide plane (10) with sliding properties which are dependent upon the direction of tilting (Figure 2).
8. Apparatus as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the slide elements (4) are constructed as rollers, characterised in that the rolling resistance of at least one roller (4) is variable by means of angular contact ball bearings, press rings, conical rings or centrifugal brakes.
9. Apparatus as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the slide elements (4) are constructed as rollers, characterised in that the surface of the slide plane (10) is provided with a surface which is harmless to the sliding device (7) and is made for example from slip-resistant plastics material.
10. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that at least one slide element (4) has the shape of two coaxial horizontal truncated cones which are joined to the cover surfaces (Figure 12).
11. Apparatus as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that empty pipework is integrated in the groove (1) for an optional trace heating means connected to or independent from the mains.

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