EP1486749A2 - Turbulator - Google Patents

Abstract

In a process to heat and homogenise the temperature of a single- or two-phase fluid, the fluid passes through a tube containing a bank of vortex generators. The bank of vortex generators is a comb-like sheet metal array inclined (10-80) to the oncoming fluid flow. Also claimed is a commensurate automotive radiator or heat exchanger, and a commensurate heat exchanger or flash heat exchanger.

Description

The present invention relates to housing (1), preferably acc. Fig.1, 1a and 1b, for Temperature control of liquid and gaseous material flows, for example, as a heat exchanger housing and in the at least two plug-in comb-shaped sheets (2, 2 ') are releasably inserted and when flowing through the housing with fluids as a turbulence generator Act by forming the free flow cross-section of the housing by forming downsize a stretched spatial lattice, and each layer (comb-shaped sheet), preferably in its largest width dimension and there preferably at right angles to the flow direction, at least two different sections (areas) has an unstructured section (area) (3) and at least a section (area) (4) along the main flow direction (5) by changing webs (8) and gaps (9) is structured, and thereby the plug-in sheets opposite continuous and / or form broken lines of contact to the inner housing wall to a thermal conduction through a To allow temperature control in the flow region of the fluid, and at the same time the comb-shaped sheets by the preferably metallic contact points and / or To tense contact lines in the housing, and the webs at an angle α of 10 to 80 degrees to Main flow direction are inclined, and at least two stacked sheets in the Flow cross-section of the housing by the alternating angle α of the webs a lattice structure form and the outer surface of the housing at least 50% with a tempering zone (6) is surrounded.

Known turbulence elements or turbulence generators are made of wires or thin rods manufactured with round cross-section and for example by the company CalGavin on their Internet Homepage http://www.calgavin.co.uk/HITRAN/hitran.htm (15 November 2002) under the name HITRAN® Thermal System distributed. The round wire used in it only works a slight improvement in heat transfer performance when high flow rates available. However, the pronounced mixing effect required to increase the power becomes not sufficiently improved due to the round wire cross sections. Are high flow velocities before, such as in aqueous or gaseous systems, is usually the improved turbulent flow behavior. From the fluid dynamics is known that internals with round cross-sections produce a low cross-flow and even at low viscosities of a substance (a few mPa · s) these properties in terms of mixing cross flow almost completely lost.

Therefore, turbulence elements or turbulence exciters are also only in conjunction with aqueous Known systems. EP 0 624 771 B1 proposes to solve the problem, the soldering complicated wavy Wires as turbulence elements in flat tubes, profile tubes or tubular bodies before. At this Execution takes place a small heat conduction into the primary flow area as a result of metallic contact between the heat transfer tube and bent wire.

CH 627 263 A5 describes a flow channel provided with internals for a medium involved in an indirect exchange, in particular heat exchange, wherein the internals consist of at least two groups of webs, the webs within each group directed substantially parallel and inclined with respect to the channel axis are arranged, the webs of a group intersect with the webs of the other group and at least a portion of the webs and the intersection points is connected to each other.

CH 648 404 A5 shows a ribbed device composed of sheet metal elements for improving the heat transfer for installation in tubes of heat exchangers, each plate element having a toothing that fits into the toothing of the adjacent sheet metal element, wherein the central parts of the plate elements form a channel ,

A special arrangement of a housing for controlling the temperature of liquid and gaseous material flows, in which at least two plug-in, comb-shaped sheets are detachable as a turbulence generator are inserted and this while flowing through the housing with fluids as a turbulence generator act is not disclosed in these documents.

Turbulence pathogens can also be static mixers. In industrial application, however static mixers (Messrs. Kenics, Sulzer, Koch-Glitsch) are often too expensive, so that such designs rarely used.

There are also known designs in which corrugated sheets inserted in profile channels and be soldered later. Even with these technical solutions if only one slight enlargement of the product side heat transfer surface and thus a Power increase.

From EP-A 0 659 500 flat tubes are known for improving heat exchange processes, which are made by flat rolling of round tubes. In flat tubes is the distance from tempered channel inner wall reduced to the middle of the channel. The disadvantage of this design is the small tempering surface and the low pressure stability of the flat tubes. Become higher viscous Tempered in such flat channels, there is an uneven velocity distribution, which in turn generates an uneven temperature distribution in the product stream. Highly viscous substances additionally produce high differential pressures, so that these flat tubes tend to bulge due to the low pressure stability and are not dimensionally stable. High occurring Differential pressures in flat tubes also cause the rectangular cross-section of the Flat tubes regresses and again assumes a round cross-section. To increase the Pressure stability of a flat tube, the pipe wall thickness can be increased with the disadvantage that the heat transfer performance also deteriorates.

From EP-A 0 302 232 a flat tube for a heat exchanger is known, which consists of a bent Sheet metal strip can be produced. This flat tube can also be provided with turbulence inserts be soldered in a soldering everything tight. Such bent sheet metal flat tubes can only be used for low differential pressures. Once the flat tube is due to a high Pressure flexes, it loses the improved heat transfer properties. The pressure stability of the flat tube described is increased by webs are incorporated by folding. The webs change the flat tube to the effect that a multi-channel flat channel with higher Pressure stability arises. The resulting single channel of the flat tube is almost square. Of the However, square flow cross-section leads to only two tempering effective are. In addition, the distance from the center of the channel to the inner tempering surface is so large that a Temperature gradient setting, the uniform fast and gentle product tempering prevented. If a higher-viscous substance at low; tempered laminar flow rate be, the temperature differences in the flow cross-section are particularly pronounced.

In DE 10 212 799 C1, a hollow chamber profile is described, which inner and outer ribs may have. The ribs are arranged in the longitudinal extent of the metallic profile. The Ribs, especially in the interior of the profile channel, are very short and do not extend beyond the entire channel width. For this reason, the inner ribs only partially increase the heat transferring Surface, but can not take over a mixed task and no turbulence increase. The hollow chamber profile thus described always consists of several parallel quadrangular and channels also has outer ribs, which are also in longitudinal extension are arranged. All inner and outer ribs are used only for surface enlargement and Due to their design, they can not perform mixing functions and turbulence increases.

In DE 3 022 270 C2 rib-like devices (rib insert) are described, always three or four such sheets are needed and the ribs of the sheet metal inserts for interlock mutual support, and all the rib inserts together in the Flow channel must be inserted, and due to the central portion (7) of the rib inserts a longitudinal channel (3) is automatically formed in the tube center axis, and the skeleton nested sheets in a flow tube can be inserted. The single rib insert is not detachable from the flow tube. The rib inserts are not turbulence generators, but should enlarge the heat-transmitting surface of the tube and as inner serve heat-transmitting ribs, further even the flow velocity in the Reduce tube center. However, as is known, the heat transfer performance deteriorates at decreasing flow velocity.

DE 3 022 270 C2 describes so-called static mixers which are used as pipe installations serve. These static mixers are complexly assembled from sheet metal or molded parts and welded at several contact points of the sheets. The welded sheets then form spatial mixing elements that are pushed into the pipe, with multiple mixer groups one behind the other by 90 ° C offset from each other. Each mixing element is elaborately positioned from two groups with at least two web plates to each other, welded and adapted to the flow channel. The exact positioning of the webs to each other, so that each individual bridge is at an angle to the flow direction, is special complicated and elaborate, so that from a manufacturing point of view, it is here in each case Made to order. The sheets used have no structured and non-structured Areas are not superimposed and do not extend in the right one Angle to the main flow over the entire flow channel width.

EP 1 067 352 A1 describes a heat exchanger which is located in the main flow channel Heating pipes has to offer an additional or extended heating surface in the flow area. The inner heating pipes additionally have, in analogy to DE 3 022 270 C2, sheet metal segments. which are drilled and attached to the inner heating pipes welding technology. Therefore, EP 1 067 352 A1 quasi like DE 3 022 270 C2, with the difference of the additional inner Temperierrohre. In EP 1 067 352 A1, the inner heating pipes are welded to the deflecting plates only as a whole from the main flow channel herauslösbar.

FR 2 123 185 A1 describes a rectangular channel with a slide-in sheet. This Insert sheet must be cut, punched, outer edges bent and inner sheet metal sections additionally be deformed twice. Furthermore, there are no webs, in particular are extended to the width of the flow channel. There are no spatial grids no contact lines and no contact points, only contact surfaces. The same principle becomes for round channels described in DE A 3008930.

Finally, in EP-A 1 213 556 flat tubes with a plurality of juxtaposed Flow areas described in a manifold lead. The flat tubes consist of a plurality of parallel flow channels, so that the walls of the individual chambers a pressure-stabilizing Have an effect on the shape of the flat tube. Several parallel flat tubes, all of which open into a manifold form a heat exchanger. The shape of the described Flat tube is extruded with e.g. Made of aluminum. The production of this Flat tubes is complicated and requires special tools. As a result, such are Flat tubes can not be produced in highly corrosion-resistant materials.

It was therefore an object to develop an apparatus and a method with which Temperature control operations of single-phase and / or two-phase liquid or gaseous material streams be improved and operational problems, such. the occurring fouling within the Device to be minimized. In addition, a simple and good cleaning option should be be created. This extended task also results in a change in the Flow channel, so that turbulence generator or turbulence exciter in conjunction receiving flow channel should be improved together. The flow channel and Also, the turbulence generators must be easy to produce, so that the production costs low are, so that a cheap new technology is created. The entire device should be a small one and compact design to obtain further advantages of the prior art. The Temperature control of flow channels or pipes should be as simple as possible mounting elements are increased so that with improved dwell time spectrum and Minimum product volume in the temperature control channel, the temperature control is significantly increased. Furthermore, the improved temperature control should also be used for substances with increased viscosity of e.g. up to 100,000 mPas become visible. The task is particularly difficult as substances with high Viscosity a laminar flow behavior, and the flow rates low be kept to keep the pressure losses occurring small. In professional circles is at These low flow velocities of creeping or creeping currents spoken. Due to the possible high pressure losses, a pressure stability of at least 300 bar can be achieved.

According to the invention the object is achieved by a liquid or gaseous material flows equally suitable housing (1), preferably according to FIG. 1, 1a and 1b, which thereby characterized in that in this housing at least two plug-in comb-shaped sheets (2, 2 ') are releasably inserted and these when flowing through the housing with fluids as a turbulence generator act by adjusting the free flow area of the housing, by forming a spatial lattice extended in the flow direction, and reduce each layer (comb-shaped sheet), preferably in its largest width dimension and there preferably at least two different sections (areas) at right angles to the inflow direction has an unstructured section (area) (3) and at least a section (area) (4) along the main flow direction (5) by changing webs (8) and gaps (9) is structured, and thereby the plug-in sheets opposite continuous and / or form interrupted contact lines to the inner housing wall to a temperature control by heat conduction to allow in the flow area of the fluid and at the same time the comb-shaped Sheets through the preferably metallic contact points and / or contact lines in the housing to brace, and the webs of the comb layers at an angle α of 10 to 80 degrees to Main flow direction are inclined, and at least two stacked sheets in the Flow cross-section of the housing by the alternating angle α of the webs a Lattice structure form, and the outer surface of the housing at least 50% with a Tempering zone (6) is surrounded.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sheets lie on each other and touch yourself.

The combs can be straight or angled.

Therefore, several comb layers are preferably stacked on top of one another first layer, the respective adjacent layer is turned around its longitudinal axis by 180 °, so that the angle α 'forms in the turned layer (FIG. 1a). In the layer package changes the web angle to the adjacent layer, measured to the main flow direction, between α and α ' (Fig. 1b).

The housing for receiving the comb-shaped sheets which can serve as a turbulence generator Pipe, a profile tube, but in particular a rectangular channel or flat channel.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention is on an unstructured section (3) on both sides of a structured by webs and gaps section (4) and attached the webs reach to the inner housing wall.

The housing according to the invention allows the efficient implementation of tempering operations at low investment costs.

The present invention therefore also relates to a method for the efficient performance of Tempering processes of single-phase and / or two-phase liquid or gaseous material streams, characterized in that a housing (1), as shown for example in Fig. 1, 1a and 1b, is used, in the at least two plug-in comb-shaped structured sheets (2, 2 ') are releasably inserted and this while flowing through the housing with fluids as a turbulence generator with complete vertical and horizontal mixing effect by acting the free Reduce flow area of the housing, and each layer (comb-shaped plate), preferably in its greatest width at right angles to the direction of flow has at least two different sections (areas), a first non-structured area (3) and at least a portion (region) (4) along the main flow direction (5) is structured by changing webs (8) and gaps (9), and thereby the plug-in sheets opposite continuous and / or broken contact lines to the inner housing wall form, by thermal conduction to allow a temperature control in the flow region of the fluid and at the same time the comb-shaped sheets by the preferably metallic To clamp contact points and / or contact lines in the housing and the webs at an angle α are inclined from 10 to 80 degrees to the main flow direction, and at least two stacked sheets in the flow cross-section of the housing through the alternating Angle α of the webs form a lattice structure, and the outer surface of the housing at least to 50% with a tempering zone (6) is surrounded.

To complete mixing over the entire flow cross-section of the housing too reach, is preferably provided with a complete assembly so that at least two comb-shaped plates fill the free housing cross-section.

The tempering processes carried out with the housing according to the invention with turbulence generator single-phase and / or two-phase liquid or gaseous streams can in one Temperature range of -100 ° C to 800 ° C are applied and therefore have compared to known prior art significant advantages. Furthermore, they are suitable for fabrics Viscosities from 0.1 mPas up to 100,000 mPas. Due to large volume flows and one large viscosity range, high differential pressures can arise, ranging from a few mbar up to several hundred cash. The device according to the invention is therefore also for the turbulent and the laminar flow area but also for creeping or creeping currents used.

The frequently encountered in industrial applications contamination or fouling problems are significantly reduced. The housing according to the invention is good and particularly easy to Clean, as the turbulence generators are designed plugged.

Cases according to the invention with turbulence generators are also particularly suitable for corrosive to be tempered substances and mixtures of substances, because they are made of high quality and corrosion resistant Materials can be produced inexpensively.

The invention therefore also relates in particular to heat exchangers whose tubes or housings, are adapted to the turbulence generators according to the invention.

The turbulence generator or turbulence generator according to the invention in the form of structured Layers and layer packages formed therefrom serve, in particular, to improve the temperature control performance of heat exchanger channels with rectangular profile. The application of the invention Turbulence generator in combination with filling pieces, increases the flow velocity The fluid at constant flow, so that the economic use in round Channel cross sections or pipes is made possible. The structured layers have the appearance a comb, however, the comb teeth are at an angle to the flow direction.

Furthermore, it is also inventive that a turbulence generator is designed so that not at one structured section (3) on both sides of a webs and gaps structured section (34, 3) is attached (Fig. 3, Fig. 3a) and the webs to the inner housing wall rich.

In the specific embodiment, the turbulence generator builds up with three sections, and shows the shape of a double comb with inclined to the flow direction webs. The through bridges and Gaps structured sections of a double comb according to the invention can be different so that, depending on the technical task, the angle α, the length of the webs and the web distance can be varied to optimal fluidic conditions for a tempering process to enable. In special cases, turbulence generators can be used on both sides structured sections are designed so that a layer (comb-shaped sheet metal) in the main flow direction has different structured sections (Figure 5).

The simple production engineering design by variation of the structured sections, by Change of the web position, the web angle, the land width in the main flow direction, by change the web distance and the web shape, allows all degrees of freedom to the optimum procedural interpretation of the turbulence generator to the respective tempering task.

Comb layer packages are design-wise easy to design, since the sheet thickness, web spacings, Length of comb layers, width ratio of structured and unstructured Sections are slightly variable. All procedural parameters can be used for one Temperiervorgang necessary are to be considered sufficiently. Because the Turbulence generators can be releasably introduced into heat transfer channels and always a large number of layers is needed is almost always a mass production possible, so that Unit costs are reduced.

The manufacture of the turbulence generator according to the invention from sheets or metal sheets produced always bar shapes with a square or rectangular cross section. The square ones Angled webs are particularly effective in terms of flow and increase the turbulence is particularly effective. In particular viscous fluids are forced a good cross-mixing, so that a constant shift of the material to be tempered, from the internal heating surface is carried to the flow channel center. The forced displacement causes a constant cross-mixing and prevents Temperierspitzen in the fluid. Another advantage intensive cross mixing has an effect on the tempering performance of the invention Housing with turbulence generator off, since in each flow-through section of the tempering with maximum mean temperature difference, the temperature compensation between temperature control and product is done. As a result, the heat exchangers used, in particular when a rectangular channel bundle heat exchanger is used, has shorter designs than comparatively known heat exchangers.

If the tempering of very large flow channels or cross-sections, such. at Housing greater than 200 mm can be improved, so the comb-shaped Hollow-type turbulence generators, manufactured from hollow sections, are used so that a significant weight reduction of the required comb layers takes place.

Heat exchanger channels with a rectangular cross-section have great potential for standardization and for low-cost mass production of heat exchangers, as the task-specific Design focuses on the structure of the comb layers or comb layer packages. This concept is particularly advantageous when used for car radiator, radiator for Oil hydraulic systems, exhaust gas coolers and short-time heaters for the pharmaceutical or biotechnical Industry.

In particular, the use of materials with high material-specific thermal conductivities at the same time high product-side heat transfer surface and low hold-up of the tempering channel promotes gentle product tempering. Even fluid mixtures whose individual Components have different densities, can be tempered well, because a constant Ensures complete mixing of the fluid flow in the equipped with comb layers channel and even a segregation of a two-phase mixture of substances is prevented.

In particularly sensitive biotechnical processes with required high sterility is the Easy to clean. Due to the low production costs, the Possibility to use the comb layer packages as disposable inserts depending on the application and to be exchanged at product change or in any production campaign.

Therefore, especially in the pharmaceutical industry apparatus combinations such. metallic Rectangular channel bundle heat exchanger with comb layer packages, consisting of e.g. plastics are made, particularly advantageous. The plastic comb layers are very inexpensive to produce on injection molding machines, so that the turbulence generator or turbulence can be used as disposable mounting kits without major financial loss.

Therefore, applications are also economical, where the corrosion requirements are particularly high and metallic materials can not be used. Rectangular channel bundle heat exchanger made of graphite or glass can be manufactured technically simple. Especially in the case of the material glass with low heat conduction, it is advantageous with the invention Turbulence generators to work at any point of the tempering with maximum possible to be able to work with a medium temperature difference. Are the tempering tubes or channels off a material with a low thermal conductivity can e.g. Comb layers of plastics such as e.g. Polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene or other thermoplastics are advantageously used. In these applications turbulence generation takes place with only two layers and the Housing is an extremely flat rectangular channel.

According to the invention, the structured sheets or layers (2, 2 ') have a comb-like appearance, However, with the main flow direction inclined comb teeth, so that even from Comb plates or comb layers can be spoken.

The layers are preferably sheets whose largest width extension is the parallel distance the directly opposite inner housing contact points in the flow cross-section of the housing equivalent. The comb layers are always in contact with the inner housing wall. It always forms a closed contact line at the non-structured comb area and or at least one broken line of contact at the structured crest area along the housing length extent. The housing length dimension corresponds to the extent parallel to the main flow direction.

At least two comb layers superimposed and mounted or used form in the Interior of the housing in the flow area, a layered three-dimensional Grid, which expands in particular in the channel length.

In the invention preferred case, the structured sheets are slightly larger in width dimensioned as the equivalent width of the housing to the metallic contact and thus the To improve energy transfer. Become two equally structured sheets with minor Exceeding the excess width and pulling it into the tempering housing changes the angle β by the resilient property of the oblique comb teeth to the angle α. The structured sheets are after mounting in a housing under tension; they are virtually clamped between the parallel contact points in the interior of the housing, so that due the fluid passage and the resulting pressure loss slipping out of the mounted Comb layers is prevented.

The length of the structured sheets or comb layers, which act as turbulence generators, corresponds a multiple of the sheet width.

The structured comb plates can be made of all metallic materials and alloys, non-metallic materials, plastics, possibly also made of glass or ceramic so that there are no differences in chemical corrosion requirements There are restrictions. The structured comb plates are preferably made of sheets or Metal sheets manufactured. Thus, economical laser and etching processes can be used for production become. Further economic production methods are punching, wire eroding, or at Sheet thicknesses greater than 5 mm may also be considered casting methods.

In a preferred variant, the invention relates to turbulence generators and those containing them Housing according to Fig. 1, 1a and 1b ,, wherein the structured sheet (2) in its width dimension is designed transversely to the direction of flow so that the structured portion (4) is greater than the non-structured portion (3), so that the proportion of the structured portion (4) larger 50%, preferably greater than 75% and particularly preferably up to 95%.

The greater proportion of the structured section of a turbulence generator is for the respective Application advantageous, material-specific and physical properties such. viscosity or different density and resulting pressure loss are optimally taken into account.

In a further preferred embodiment, the invention relates to housing (Heat exchanger channel), wherein the flow-through cross-sectional area of a housing, tube, Profile tube or rectangular tube with comb layers to 20% to 100%, preferably 30% to 100% and more preferably 50% to 100% of the free flow cross-section are filled. In the case of the tube, the degree of filling is more preferably 70-90%, most preferably 80%. In the case of the profile tube, the degree of filling is particularly preferably 80-95%, especially preferably 90% and in the case of the rectangular tube, the degree of filling is particularly preferably 90-100 %, most preferably 100%.

For determining the housing filling or the degree of filling of a flowed channel cross-sectional area with comb layers, the layer cross-sectional area becomes the cross-sectional area flown of the channel. Here, the filling surface portion of a single layer, the product of layer thickness multiplied by the layer width.

The filling of the flow channel or the flow cross-section with inventive Turbulence generators describes the degree of filling. Therefore, it is advantageous the inner dimensions of the flow channel to the turbulence generator to vote as possible a degree of filling of 100% reach.

If, for example, a round flow channel or a pipe with comb layers to fill, so that due to a higher flow velocity, the turbulence increases and thereby an improved Temperature exchange takes place from the temperature control chamber or temperature control zone to the fluid, so the flow cross-section can be filled in layers. For filling a pipe channel a variety of comb layers are stacked. It may be advantageous for the user be to fix several layers to a layer package and the package as a whole assemble. Forming layer packages simplifies assembly and disassembly.

Therefore, also belongs to the invention that more than two layers for assembly with each other are fixed so that a formed stack of layers in the flow channel can be inserted and released can be mounted.

The fixing of several stacked comb layers can by punctual Welding, by pinning, by screwing or by soldering done. The fixing is preferably in the non-structured section of the layers, so that for the assembly the webs are bendable with little effort.

The filling of round flow channels with comb layers according to the invention requires a Position-dependent width adjustment of the turbulence generator to the housing inner contour. Especially easy are adjustments when a layer packet is formed and this packet, e.g. through a Grinding process, adapted to the housing contour.

Comb layers are used in profile tubes, in particular in rectangular tubes (Fig. 2), are several equal width layers stacked one above the other until the rectangular flow area of the Profile housing completely filled and a high degree of filling is achieved.

The present invention relates to housing, wherein for the permanent reduction of the local Temperature gradients, the webs of the comb layers over the length of a tempering under an angle α to the flow direction.

The webs of the comb layers are preferably in an angular range α of 20 to 80 Degree, preferably from 30 to 60 degrees and particularly preferably from 40 to 50 degrees to the flow direction the fluid to three-dimensional lattice over the entire channel length build.

In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to turbulence generators and enclosures containing them, wherein the structured layers are characterized are that the width of the comb layers is greater than the straight inner distance between the parallel inner housing contact points, so that the web angle β in the unassembled Changes state by less than 5 degrees during assembly and assumes the web angle α, whereby the structured layers after assembly always contact the inner wall of the housing to have.

The maximum width extension of the comb layers in the unassembled state is greater than the width in the assembled state. As a result, the selected web angle β during the assembly is reduced to the angle α. The larger width extension of a comb layer During assembly, the webs bend elastically and the metal ones bend Contact with the inner tempered housing wall is always guaranteed.

For this reason it is advantageous, e.g. the webs in the transition area to the non-structured 4) to reduce the bending resistance to set and thereby keep the force required for the Monatage small.

In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to housings in which the webs of the comb layer have a preferred cross-sectional shape around a turbulence increase to effect and at the same time the radial and horizontal mixing effect of the webs to strengthen. The webs of the layers then have cross-sectional shapes such as square, rectangular or hexagonal on.

In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to turbulence generators and this containing housing, wherein the quotient of sheet thickness or web height to Preferably, lying parallel to the flow direction web width is in the range of 0.1 to 5. Particularly preferably, the quotient is in the range 0.1 to 3.

The quotient formed from web thickness to web width ensures during the flow of the Comb layers filled channel a good mixing action and turbulence increase, even then if substances with high viscosities, for example from 1 Pas to 10 Pas (Pascal second), flow and there is a laminar flow behavior. At the same time temperature peaks avoided on the entire channel length, allowing also temperature-sensitive substances can be tempered gently.

The web center distance of the comb layers is therefore preferably greater than twice the web width, more preferably greater than four times the web width and particularly preferably larger as the fivefold web width of the comb layer.

The web center distance influences the occurring pressure loss of a channel, especially if Substances with higher viscosities need to be tempered, it lends itself to a larger Bridge center distance to realize to minimize the pressure loss.

In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to turbulence generators and enclosing housings, wherein the comb layers or the comb layer packets extended in length to the flow direction by a mounting tab on one or both sides are, wherein the total length of the layers or packages plus the mounting tab longer is, as the channel assigned for the assembly, so that after assembly of the turbulence generator the mounting tabs protrude from the channel and an additional fixation of the layers or the layer pacings outside the channel is possible.

The comb layers may have an additional mounting tab, preferably centrally to the Layer width is arranged and has an opening or bore. The opening can be for recording Serve with a mounting tool, leaving a complete unfixed comb layer package in a channel can be pulled. After assembly, the stacked Openings of the mounting tabs are used to an additional cross bar, for example a screw to put. A shifting of the layers is then due during operation possible occurring high pressure losses not possible because in addition to the tension of the Layer webs inside the housing provide further security outside the channel by e.g. a protruding screw or a transverse bolt is possible.

In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to housing as Turbulence generator, wherein a flow channel is filled with a layer packet and wherein the Layer package is constructed by differently thick comb layers, in addition to a Turbulence increase and an improved mixing effect different flow rates to produce in the flow cross-section and due to different layer thicknesses at the same time to minimize the pressure loss. Structured sheets in the form of turbulence generators with different sheet thicknesses can Bleckpaketen be united, so that the turbulence boosters are detachably mounted in the housing and so easily changeable.

In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to turbulence generators and enclosing housings, wherein the length of a comb layer is at least as long is like the channel assigned for installation.

In this case, the structured sheets or comb layers have a length of 0.05 m to 5 m, preferably a length of 0.05 m to 2 m and particularly preferably a length of 0.05 m up to 1 m in order to be manufactured and assembled as one piece as possible.

In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to turbulence generators dual comb layer and housing containing the same, wherein one comb layer is three Sections has and from an inner unstructured section bilaterally structured web sections out.

With web sections are structured by webs and gaps sections of an inventive Turbulence generator or a comb layer called.

Both sides formed web sections of a comb layer, also referred to as herringbone layer or Doppelkammschicht, provide fluidic advantages by adding to the tempered Channel inner walls all web contact points are well flowed around and no dead zones and thus no product deposits occur. Product deposits on tempered walls lead to damage and aging of the product.

In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to turbulence generators with double comb layer (Fig. 3) and housings containing the same, wherein the comb layer consists of three sections and related to the layer width of one out of center lying unstructured section two differently extended structured web sections extend to the respective inner housing wall.

The different extent of the structured sections means in particular that under the same angle α standing comb webs are different lengths. This will be the case Flowing through the channel equipped with double comb structures, for example a rectangular channel, due to the resulting pressure differences different flow velocity profiles generated, which increase the mixing effect and compensate for local temperature differences quickly. There are no poorly traversed channel areas, so that no dead spaces exist and product deposits are avoided.

Structured Doppelkammschichten consisting of three sections can be formed be that go out from the non-structured comb section of different length comb webs. It may be advantageous, for example, that the portion of the long webs below another angle to the main flow direction than the section of the short webs.

Furthermore, the long lands may take different courses (Figure 3a), e.g. one Zigzag course. Thus, structured sheets or double comb elements in very wide Profile channels produce very fine three-dimensional flow grid and especially good as turbulence enhancer or turbulence generator act.

Structured layers with three sections, one unstructured section and two structured sections Sections for forming the webs and gaps can also be used as double comb elements or are called herringbone structures.

However, the present invention also relates to turbulence generators with a double comb layer structure or simple comb webs and enclosures containing them, if not completely filled of e.g. round flow channel cross section with the unfilled flow cross section fills cross-section matched filling pieces (11), and then the filler simultaneously as Umlenkkonturen serve to guide the flow, see for example Fig. 2a or Fig. 2aa.

The patches or filling elements may be bilateral or alternating on a comb layer package be positioned. Internal filling pieces or deflection devices in the form of offset arranged patches parallel to a mounted comb layer package reduce the Pressure loss with good flow turbulence. At the same time, a cross flow through the Forced comb layer package.

In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to turbulence generators with simple comb layer or with double comb layer and housing containing these turbulence generators contain, wherein the inflow and outflow of the flow deflection used filler pieces (11) on a layer package one to the middle housing axis standing angle γ (see, for example, Fig. 2b) and have alternating and / or offset in Flow or in the longitudinal direction are positioned on the layer package.

The angular range γ of the inflow and outflow surfaces of the filler pieces is preferably 20 to 70 degrees, more preferably 30 to 60 degrees, and most preferably 40 to 50 degrees.

In a further preferred variant, the present invention relates to turbulence generators simple comb layer or double comb layer and housing containing them, wherein the deflection elements opposite, that are arranged above and below the comb layers, or are arranged overlapping or offset in the flow direction.

In a further preferred variant, the present invention relates to turbulence generators Double comb layer or more than two comb layers and housings containing them, wherein at least two comb layers form a comb layer packet, and the comb layers or individual comb layers of differently structured zones or non-structured zones in the flow direction and thereby in the flow direction over the entire channel length areas are formed, on the one hand cause a turbulence increase and the other again have a calm flow, see for example Fig.5.

Comb layers with differently structured zones also means that comb teeth in the different zones may have different angles to the main flow direction and or have different bridge center distances.

As a result, different flow conditions can be differentiated depending on the process requirements Temperierleistungen be created. Different zones of comb layers in Flow direction also means that a comb layer package can be varied, wherein Layers with one-sided and or two-sided comb tooth sections can be used the center distances of the introduced comb teeth are varied over the length of the layers can, and the unstructured comb portions of the layers positioned centrally or eccentrically are, so that in the flow of z. As a low-viscosity product, no orderly but there are almost forced chaotic flow conditions.

The present invention further relates to turbulators and housings containing them, wherein the comb layers are soldered to each other at the contact points and thereby also Column in a comb layer package, especially in the overlapping region of the webs avoided become.

However, the present invention also relates to turbulence generators and enclosures containing them. their comb layers up to a layer thickness of less than 10 mm preferably from metal sheets preferably produced by laser, etching, wire eroding or water jet technology.

Comb layers with a layer thickness of greater than 10 mm are preferably produced by casting. Cast coats can be integrally solid or in one piece be made hollow, so that material savings and weight reductions occur.

The present invention further relates to turbulence generators and housings containing them, wherein the comb layer elements and packages used for turbulence increase in catalytic processes be and consist of structured layers with three sections, the surfaces the layers are completely coated with a catalyst material. When Catalyst material are all common catalysts, such as. heterogeneous or homogeneous Catalysts used.

The present invention further relates to turbulence generators and housings containing them, wherein the comb layer elements and packages used for turbulence increase in catalytic processes be and consist of structured sections, with the gaps with catalyst granules or filled with coated ceramic catalyst carriers.

However, the present invention also relates to turbulence generators and housings containing them, wherein an array of comb layer packages with mounting tabs arranged on both sides so is arranged, that at least two comb layer packages connected in series with a coupling are and fill the entire length of a tempering channel.

The arrangement of at least two comb layer packages in sequence in a flow channel forms a chain of comb layer packages.

Chains of comb layer packages, so-called comb layer chains can also not in straight running tempered channels, pipes or profile tubes are used when the fasteners or couplings have swivel joints.

However, the present invention also relates to turbulence generators and enclosures containing them. wherein the comb-layered comb-layer packages have a preferred length of 50 mm to 200 mm and more preferably have a length of 50 mm to 100 mm.

The present invention further relates to turbulence generators and housings containing them, wherein the comb - layered comb layer packages combined with filling pieces for the Inserted in channels by 70 to 100 degrees and preferably twisted 75 to 95 degrees from each other and are movably connected to mounting brackets.

However, the present invention also relates to heat exchangers, such as in FIG. 6 illustrated, comprising at least two housings, characterized in that in the housings the interaction of several parallel flowed rectangular channels (rectangular housing) with detachable comb layer packages, in particular with at least two comb layers per rectangular housing (channel), are fully populated, and the rectangular housing (channels) with a common larger inflow and outflow plate are welded, so that a uniform Flow of all rectangular casings (channels) takes place and all rectangular casings (channels) have a common Have tempering and thereby a rectangular channel or bundle heat exchanger form, which in the range of -50 ° C to 500 ° C gentle on products and especially fast Temperature control of fluids and in a pressure range of 1 mbar to 200 000 mbar operable, wherein the product-side hold-up of the housing or the heat exchanger channels at most 10% to 95%, preferably 10 to 79%, in one embodiment preferably 10 to 70%, in another embodiment particularly preferred 80 to 95%, due to the pluggable comb layer packages of the gross flow channel volume

The gross flow channel volume is determined from the volume of all product channels through which flow of the bundle heat exchanger without turbulence generator. With hold-up is that meant recorded product volume of a turbulence generator equipped channel.

The rectangular channel bundle heat exchanger consists of at least two parallel flowed through Rectangular or slot channels have the same or different channel cross sections and with inventive Turbulence generators are equipped. The channels have a common larger inflow and outflow plate and a common tempering. By the assembly The slot channels with turbulence generators can hold-up and residence time behavior of the fluid to be tempered in the channels to be optimized. By appropriate choice the comb layer structures in addition, the pressure loss occurring is changeable, so that with low investment costs a high performance heat exchanger can be made.

Due to a geometrically changeable comb layer or double comb layer structure can the pressure loss can be varied within wide limits, so that also heat exchangers for viscose Fluids with a pressure drop of less than 100 bar, preferably less than 50 bar and especially preferably less than 10 bar can be produced.

For a product-gentle temperature control, the residence time and the residence time in the Temperierkanal crucial, so that with almost unchanged retention behavior of all parallel flow channels simultaneously the Temperierzeit by appropriate choice the comb layer structures can be reduced. The uniform short tempering time is co-determined by the hold-up and the available heat exchange surface, so that the Rectangular channels with comb layer packages a preferred reduced gross channel volume exhibit. As already described, the present invention also relates to a method for efficient Performance of tempering single-phase and / or two-phase liquid or gaseous Material streams, characterized in that a turbulence generator according to the present Invention is used.

The invention preferably relates to a tempering process with the comb layer structures according to the invention and the rectangular channel heat exchanger according to the invention for the short-time temperature control a fluid or a fluid mixture, characterized in that the tempering substances have a viscosity range of 0.001 to 1 Pas, preferably a viscosity from 0.1 mPas to 5000 mPas and more preferably a substance-specific viscosity of 0.1 mPas have to smaller than 10000 mPas, so that with small dwell time due to the small Volume of the material to be tempered in the heat exchange channel (hold-up) and due to the narrow residence time spectrum and due to the good cross-mixing in the flow channel in Exit region of the slot channels a temperature difference between the temperature control and the Product outlet temperature is adjusted, which is in the range 2 - 20 ° C, preferably in the range 2 - 10 ° C. and more preferably in the range 2-5 ° C.

Particularly preferably, the present invention relates to a method for efficient temperature control single-phase and / or two-phase liquid or gaseous streams, wherein to carry out of endothermic or exothermic reactions with fluids in single-phase or multi-phase Condition and use as a tube reactor, as well as an upstream mixer for first homogenization of the reactants before one or more in series one behind the other or parallel to each other installed slot heat exchangers, so that after passing of the mixer chemical reaction of an immediately intense tempering in the Slot channels can be supplied with turbulence generators and generated in the pre-mixer high mixing quality is maintained during the course of the reaction in the slot channel.

Finally, the present invention relates to the use of turbulence generators according to the invention preferably with associated rectangular channels as a short-time heater or as a cross-flow heat exchanger for the food industry, as a sterilizer for pharmaceutical or biological Processes, as exhaust gas cooler for a complete condensation of vapors and for the Retention of recyclables in an exhaust gas stream to avoid polluting Emissions. Furthermore, as a heat exchanger for car radiator or oil cooler, but without common tempering and the removal of heat through the outer surface of the Rectangular ducts to the ambient air, whereby the performance of the radiator is increased by the Rectangular duct outer surfaces increased by attaching or soldering sheet metal fins be done and a good heat dissipation to the ambient air, and in a preferred Form the use as a car or oil cooler, characterized in that the radiator a material with a specific heat capacity of 15W / mK to 400 W / mK are.

Characters:

Fig. 1

shows a section of a tempering channel with one-sided tempering and used structured comb layer,

Fig. 1b

shows two superposed layered comb structures in the housing, similar to FIG. 1,

Fig. 1a

represents a sheet metal section in comb structure,

Fig. 2

shows the flow cross-section of a filled rectangular or profile tube,

Fig. 2a

round flow cross-section of a tube with layer package and filler pieces,

Fig. 2aa

shows the structured and unstructured portions in Fig. 2a,

Fig. 2b

shows a flow tube with offset offset in the flow direction to each other patches,

Fig. 3

FIG. 3 shows a comb plate with webs extending on both sides, FIG.

Fig. 3a

shows a double comb plate with short webs and long webs with zig-zag profile,

Fig. 4

is schematically the angle change of the ridge after housing mounting shown,

Fig. 5

schematically shows a over the entire length of the housing mounted comb layer package with structures of varying intensity acting for turbulence generation,

Fig. 6

shows the upstream side of a rectangular channel bundle heat exchanger with common tempering,

Fig. 7

shows a car radiator with large heat-dissipating surface to the ambient air.

Fig. 7a

shows the cross section of a single car radiator pipe with externally mounted Slats for efficient heat transfer to the air.

Examples example 1

In Fig. 1 is a housing portion (1) or pipe or profile tube, with a turbulence generator, in a sectional view shown. In the lower area is the housing with a temperature control room (6), for example, provided for heating or cooling. The tempering is through a Temperiergehäuse (6 ') limited. Inside the case is a short structured example Sheet metal (2) used with comb structure. It can be seen that the comb-shaped sheet for inner housing wall has metallic contact. The structured sheet has two sections, a non-structured portion (3) which is synonymous with the sheet back (7), and a structured section (4), wherein the structure consists of webs (8) and between the webs inevitably forms during production forming gaps (9). The bridges are always at an angle α to the direction of flow (5) or to the main flow direction through the housing.

In Fig. 1a, the structured sheet (2) of Figure 1 is 180 degrees about its longitudinal axis, equivalent to the direction of flow, turned, so that a sheet (2 ') with the angle α' is present. In the figure are further the comb back (7 '), the webs (8') and the gaps (9 ') and the flow direction of the fluid (5 ') is characterized. The comb layers are in both FIG. 1 u. 1a structured the same.

In Fig. 1b, the housing (1) with inserted structured sheet (2) of FIG. 1 is shown and the Turned sheet (2 ') of Fig. 1a is a second structured comb plate to form a Comb layer package used. It can be seen that the ends of the webs with wall contact are slightly rounded, so that the retraction of the structured sheets or laminations with less Force can be done and at the same time the webs with little force itself spring-like to the inner housing wall brace. The turning of the adjacent layer creates inside the housing a flow-through three-dimensional grid. A flowing through Fluid must forcibly flow through the grille inside the channel and flow around the webs, so that a constant mixing or a turbulence excitation by radial and horizontal Redirection takes place. This results in a faster degradation of local temperature peaks.

The structured sheets can also be positioned one above the other in such a way that the unstructured sheets can be positioned one above the other Comb portions to the adjacent layer are alternating, i. on the opposite side Page are located.

Example 2

In Fig. 2, a housing is shown, which is a profile or rectangular channel, which with structured Comb plates is completely filled. You can see the almost complete completion the flow area with comb profiles. Even a comb profile package requires hardly any erosion Adjustment work to fill the inner profile cross-section to a high degree. The fitting works of a laminated core are limited to an adjustment of the top and bottom layer in the corner of the canal.

By way of comparison, a round housing or a tube is shown in FIG. 2 a and FIG Also filled with a comb layer package (12), which consists of individual comb layers as in Fig. 1 forms and the comb layers structured sections (4) and unstructured sections. (3) have (see Fig. 2aa). Here is the comb layer package (12) with a lower (11 ') and provided upper (11) filler, so that required adjustment work of Kammschichtpaketes be reduced to the circular flow cross-section of the housing. Especially for that Retrofitting turbulence generators in tube bundle heat exchangers offers the Combination of comb layer packages with filler pieces. The patches can with the Layer package to be fixed together before assembly.

In Fig. 2b, a round tube or housing (1) is shown that with turbulence generators according to the invention as Turbulenzerzeugerpaket (12) is equipped and filling pieces (11, 11 ') above and below in the flow direction (5) are arranged offset.

Example 3

Fig. 3 shows a housing portion (1) with a specially structured comb plate as so-called Double comb plate with herringbone structure, which as a detachable element or turbulence enhancer is used.

The structured double comb member is with an off-center unstructured portion (30), from both sides of the comb teeth or webs (31, 32) under a Angle to the main flow direction (5) of the fluid extend to the inner wall of the housing. The comb teeth (31) are shorter than the opposing comb teeth (32). The assembly to a comb layer package with both sides different long webs, too referred to as a double-comb layer, causes the unstructured layer areas to be the assembly no longer lie on top of each other. It is advantageous that the flow area no Dead spots has where substances can settle.

This allows different speed profiles in the flow cross-section of the channel to adjust.

Furthermore, in very wide profile channels or housings (rectangular channels) different Three-dimensional lattice structures are built up layer by layer. In Fig. 3a is also shown a double comb structure, with the portion of the long webs zig-zag (34, 34 ') is formed. If such Doppelkammschichten superimposed and mounted, there are no dead spaces, very fine grid structures and all areas in the housing cross-section are well flowed through. Good flow prevents aging and deposition of sensitive substances and prevents fouling. The angular ranges of the webs of double comb elements can be different. The two turbulence generators (34, 34 ') are in the Representation shown as a line or as a dotted line.

Example 4

4 illustrates, by way of example, that each individual web (8) of the comb plates is somewhat longer is formed to a during installation in a tempering to the inner temperature control surface to create secure contact. If the structured sheet is drawn into the housing (1), changed the web (8) its original position slightly, so that the manufactured angle β itself slightly changed by a few angular minutes and in the mounted position the angle α. Therefore, it is favorable during production in the transition of the web (8) to the non-structured Comb portion (7) to provide a cross-sectional taper (10), which is preferred Bending point is used, so that during assembly of Kammschichtpakete the force not significantly increased. Due to the elasticity of each material prevails in the web, in particular at the bending point, then a bending stress, which is a wedging of the comb elements between the inner housing surface and ensures a metallic contact.

Example 5

Fig. 5 shows a temperature-controlled housing (50) with a double comb layer, wherein along the housing axis (51) or the flow direction, the structure of the double comb layer is varied. It four structured zones (53, 53 ', 54, 54') can be seen along the main flow direction. The zones (53, 53 ') and (54, 54') are each arranged alternately. The variation of the zones is in this example such that individual sections have different web angles α, different Bar spacing and the structured zones have different lengths. This creates a alternating three-dimensional grid with different fineness in the flow channel.

For ease of assembly, the dual comb layers are about as long as the flow channel itself and on both sides with a mounting tab (52, 52 ') provided. With the mounting bracket can be a complete Doppelkammschichtpaket, consisting of at least two structured Layers, simply mounted and optionally by a, not shown here screw or In addition, bolts should be secured against slipping. In Fig. 5, the temperature control room is not shown.

Example 6

In Fig. 6 is the inflow profile of a rectangular channel or slot channel bundle heat exchanger shown with common tempering. To recognize the common Anströmplatte (63) for receiving all slot channels (1). The slot channels are in this example to the diameter the common tempering (60) adapted so that the slot channels different Have flow cross sections (64) and therefore inventive turbulence generator can accommodate with different widths. The slot channels are exemplary chosen with a small height, so that e.g. used two to three turbulence generator layers can be. As a result, the heat exchange surface is fully utilized and the Flow direction inclined webs of the inserted structured layers allow a complete rapid mixing across the respective flow cross-section of each slot channel. The turbulence generators are in their structured and unstructured sections in FIG of Fig. 6 only shown schematically by lines. Furthermore, the common tempering has a connection for the supply and discharge (61, 62) of the temperature control. The Anströmplatte the Temperiergehäuses depending on the task by varying the Slot spacing accommodate a different number of slot channels. The slot channels can also example replaced by a variety of similar rectangular channels or profile tubes become.

The slot-channel bundle heat exchanger is not shown in its length, being on the tempering side corresponding baffles can be provided.

Example 7

In Fig. 7, the structure of a car radiator (70) is exemplified. Here are several inventive Flat channels (71) complete with three turbulators according to the invention (72) equipped. In addition, the flat channels have outer, soldered lamellae (73) to the accumulating Heat quickly through the enlarged outer surface of the flat channel to the ambient air to derive. The flat channels are inserted at both ends in collecting channels (74, 75) and welded or soldered. When using materials with a high thermal conductivity, such as. Aluminum or copper can be put together car radiator, Provide the joints with solder and solder the cooler as a whole.

In Fig. 7a, a single car radiator tube is shown in a sectional view. It can be seen, in that the flat channel (71) is connected to e.g. three turbulence generators according to the invention is equipped and completely fills the flow cross-section of the flat channel. The comb layers used can be clearly seen, in particular the non-structured portion (72 ') and by webs and gap structured section (72). To the flat channel is exemplified a lamella (73) shown, which causes an enlargement of the outer temperature of the flat channel. In the Fig. Is also a part of the collecting channel (75) can be seen.

Claims (10)

Housing for controlling the temperature of liquid and gaseous material flows, characterized in that in this at least two plug-in comb-shaped plates (2, 2 ') are releasably inserted and these act as turbulence generator when flowing through the housing with fluids by the free flow cross-section of the housing by forming a in the direction of flow extended spatial grid, and each comb-shaped plate has at least two different sections, an unstructured section (3) and at least a portion (4) along the main flow direction (5) by changing webs (8) and gaps (9) structured is, and form the plug-in plates opposite continuous and / or broken lines of contact to the inner housing wall to allow by conduction of heat a temperature control in the flow region of the fluid, and at the same time the comb-shaped sheets through the contact points and / or lines of contact in the housing to brace, and the webs are inclined at an angle α of 10 to 80 degrees to the main flow direction, and at least two stacked sheets in the flow cross-section of the housing by the alternating angle α of the webs form a lattice structure, and the outer surface of the housing at least 50th % is surrounded by a tempering zone (6). Housing according to claim 1 and FIG. 1, characterized in that in this as a turbulence generator at least two plug-in comb-shaped plates (2, 2 ') are releasably inserted and they act as turbulence generator when flowing through the housing with fluids by the free flow cross-section of the housing by forming a spatial lattice extended in the direction of flow and each layer of the sheet in its greatest width at right angles to the inflow direction has at least two distinct sections, an unstructured section (3) and at least a section (4) along the main flow direction (5). by alternating webs (8) and gaps (9) is structured, and form the plug-in plates opposite continuous and / or broken contact lines to the inner housing wall to allow by conduction of heat a temperature control in the flow region of the fluid and at the same time came M-shaped metal sheets to be clamped by the metallic contact points and / or contact lines in the housing, and the webs are inclined at an angle α of 10 to 80 degrees to the main flow direction, and at least two stacked sheets in the flow cross-section of the housing through the alternating angle α of the webs a Form grid structure, and the outer surface of the housing is at least 50% surrounded by a tempering zone (6). Housing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the webs (8) of the comb layer have a square, rectangular or hexagonal cross-sectional shape. Housing according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a comb layer consists of three sections, wherein based on the layer width of an out-of-center unstructured section, two differently extended structured web portions extend to the respective inner housing wall. Housing according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in incomplete filling of a flow channel cross-section with comb layers of unfilled flow cross-section through cross-section matched filling pieces (11), which also serve as Umlenkkonturen for flow guidance, is filled Heat exchanger comprising at least two housings according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the interaction of several parallel-flowed rectangular housing are fully equipped with releasable Kammschichtpaketen, in particular with at least two comb layers per rectangular housing, and the rectangular housing with a common larger Anström - And Abströmplatte are welded so that a uniform flow of all rectangular housing takes place and all rectangular housing have a common tempering and thereby form a rectangular channel bundle heat exchanger in the range of -50 ° C, up to 500 ° C product gentle and especially fast tempering of fluids and allows a pressure range of 1 mbar to 200000 mbar is operable, and that the product-side hold-up of the housing or heat exchanger is not more than 10% to 95% of the gross flow channel volume. Use of a housing according to one or more of claims 1 to 6 for the short-term temperature control of a fluid or a fluid mixture, characterized in that the substances to be tempered have a viscosity range of 0.001 to 1 Pas, preferably a viscosity of 0.1 mPas to 5000 mPas and more preferably have a substance-specific viscosity of 0.1 mPas to less than 10000 mPas, so that with a short residence time due to the small volume of the material to be tempered in the heat exchange channel and narrow residence time spectrum and the good cross-mixing in the flow channel in the exit region of the slot channels, a temperature difference between the temperature control and the product outlet temperature is less than 15 ° C, preferably less than 10 ° C and more preferably less than 5 ° C, adjusts itself. Use of a housing according to one or more of claims 1 to 5 for carrying out endothermic or exothermic reactions with fluids in the single-phase or multi-phase state, characterized in that a mixer for the first homogenization of the reactants before one or more in series behind each other or installed in parallel Housings is switched. Use of the housing according to one or more of claims 1 to 5 or one this housing containing heat exchanger according to claim 8 as a short-term heater or as a cross-flow heat exchanger for the food industry, as a sterilizer for pharmaceutical or biological processes, as an exhaust gas cooler for a complete Condensation of vapors and for the retention of recyclables in one Exhaust gas flow to avoid polluting emissions, as a heat exchanger for car radiator or as an oil cooler but without common tempering, wherein the Dissipation of the amount of heat over the outer surface of the rectangular channels to the Ambient air takes place and the performance of the radiator is increased in which the Rectangular channel outer surfaces by attaching or soldering sheet metal plates be enlarged and a good heat dissipation to the ambient air. Car or oil cooler, characterized in that they are made of a housing according to one or more of claims 1 to 5 and at least one material having a specific thermal conductivity of 15 W / mK to 400 W / mK.

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