DE10326381A1 - Turburlenzerzeuger - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to housings which can function, for example, as heat exchangers and in which at least two plug-in comb-shaped structured sheets are detachably inserted as turbulence generators, these acting as turbulence exciters and mixers when flowing through the housing with fluids by reducing the free flow cross-section of the housing and have at least two different sections at right angles to the inflow surface, a first unstructured section and a second section, which is structured along the main flow direction by changing webs and gaps, and thereby form the plug-in plates opposite continuous and / or broken contact lines to the inner housing wall, to allow thermal conduction by a temperature control in the flow region of the fluid and at the same time mechanically clamp the comb-shaped sheets, and the webs at an angle alpha of 10 to 80 DE G are inclined to the main flow direction, and formed at least two sheets stacked in the flow cross-section of the housing by the alternating angle alpha of the webs a lattice structure, and the outer surface of the housing is at least 50% surrounded by a tempering zone.

Description

The present invention relates to housings ( 1 ) according to 1 which can act, for example, as a heat exchanger housing and in which as a turbulence generator - at least two plug-in comb-shaped sheets ( 2 . 2 ' ) are releasably inserted and they act as turbulence generator when flowing through the housing with fluids by reducing the free flow cross-section of the housing by forming a stretched in the flow direction spatial grid and each layer in its largest width at right angles to the direction of flow at least two different sections (areas) has an unstructured section (area) ( 3 ) and at least one section (area) ( 4 ) along the main flow direction ( 5 ) by changing webs ( 8th ) and gaps ( 9 ) is structured, and thereby form the plug-in plates opposite continuous and / or broken contact lines to the inner housing wall to allow thermal conduction by a temperature control in the flow region of the fluid and at the same time to clamp the comb-shaped sheets through the metallic contact points and / or lines of contact in the housing , and the webs are inclined at an angle α of 10 to 80 degrees to the main flow direction, and at least two stacked sheets in the flow cross-section of the housing by the alternating angle α of the webs form a lattice structure, and the outer surface of the housing at least 50% with a tempering zone ( 6 ) is surrounded.

Known turbulence elements or turbulence generators are made of wires or thin rods with a round cross-section and, for example, by the company CalGavin on their Internet homepage http://www.calgavin.co.uk/HITRAN/hitran.htm (15 November 2002) under called HITRAN ^® thermal distributed system. The round wire used therein causes little improvement in heat transfer performance when high flow rates exist. However, the pronounced mixing effect required to increase the power is not sufficiently improved due to the round wire cross sections. If high flow rates are present, such as in aqueous or gaseous systems, the turbulent flow behavior is usually improved. From fluid mechanics it is known that internals with round cross-sections produce a small cross-flow and even at low viscosities of a substance (a few mPa · s) these properties are almost completely lost with regard to the mixing cross-flow.

Therefore, turbulence elements or turbulence exciters are also known only in connection with aqueous systems. EP 0 624 771 B1 proposes to solve the problem, the soldering complicated wavy wires as turbulence elements in flat tubes, profile tubes or tubular bodies. In this embodiment, there is little heat conduction into the primary flow area due to the metallic contact between the heat transfer tube and the bent wire.

Vortex pathogens can also be static mixer. In industrial application are However, static mixers (Messrs. Kenics, Sulzer, Koch-Glitsch) often too more expensive, so that such designs rarely used.

It are also versions known in which corrugated sheets are inserted into profile channels and soldered subsequently. Even with these technical solutions is a minor one Magnification of the product-side heat-transferring surface and thus a performance increase.

Out EP-A 0 659 500 are flat tubes for improving heat exchange processes known, which are produced by flat rolling of round tubes. In flat tubes, the distance from tempered channel inner wall to Channel center reduced. The disadvantage of this design is the small temperature control surface and the low pressure stability the flat tubes. Get higher Viscous substances tempered in such flat channels, it comes to a nonuniform velocity distribution, in turn, a non-uniform temperature distribution generated in the product stream. Higher Viscous substances additionally produce high differential pressures, so that these flat tubes due to the low pressure stability for buckling tend and are not dimensionally stable. High occurring differential pressures in flat tubes also lead in that the rectangular cross-section of the flat tubes regresses and again takes a round cross section. To increase the pressure stability a flat tube, the tube wall thickness can be increased with the disadvantage that the heat transfer performance also deteriorates.

From EP-A 0 302 232 a flat tube for a heat exchanger is known, which can be produced from a bent metal strip. This flat tube can also be provided with turbulence inserts, wherein in a soldering process everything is soldered tight. Such curved sheet metal flat tubes can only be used for low differential pressures. As the flat tube bends due to high pressure, it loses the improved heat transfer properties. The pressure stability of the flat tube described is increased by webs are incorporated by folding. The webs change the flat tube so that one more Channel-shaped flat channel with higher pressure stability arises. The resulting single channel of the flat tube is almost square. However, the square flow cross-section means that only two tempering surfaces are effective. In addition, the distance from the center of the channel to the inner tempering surface is so large that a temperature gradient is established which prevents a uniform, rapid and product-gentle tempering. If a higher-viscous substance is to be tempered at a low, laminar flow rate, the temperature differences in the flow cross-section are particularly pronounced.

Finally in EP-A 1 213 556 flat tubes with a plurality of juxtaposed flow regions described in a manifold lead. The flat tubes exist from several parallel flow channels, so that the walls the individual chambers a pressure-stabilizing effect on the shape of the flat tube. Several parallel flat tubes, which all lead into a manifold form a heat exchanger. The shape of the flat tube described is in the extrusion process with e.g. Made of aluminum. The production of these flat tubes is complicated and requires special tools. Consequently Such flat tubes are not in highly corrosion-resistant materials produced.

It Therefore, the object was a device and a method to develop with the tempering processes single-phase and / or two-phase liquid or gaseous streams can be improved and operational problems, such as the occurring fouling within the device to be minimized. In addition, should be a simple and good cleaning possibility be created. This extended task results also a change the flow channel, so that turbulence generator or turbulence exciter in connection of receiving flow channel should be improved together. The flow channel and also the turbulence generator have to be easy to produce, so that the production costs are low, so that a cheap new technology is created. The entire device should get a small and compact design for more benefits to obtain the state of the art. The temperature control of flow-leading channels or pipes should be through as possible easy-to-mount elements are increased, so with improved Dwell time spectrum and minimum product volume in the temperature control channel the temperature control is significantly increased. Furthermore, should the improved tempering performance also for substances with increased viscosity of e.g. to 100,000 mPas become visible. The task is especially difficult because substances with high viscosity laminar flow behavior, and the flow rates be kept low, the occurring pressure losses small to keep. In professional circles is at these low flow rates of creeping or creeping currents spoken. by virtue of the possible high pressure losses, a pressure stability of at least 300 bar must be achieved become.

According to the invention the object is achieved by a suitable for liquid or gaseous material flows housing ( 1 ) according to 1 , characterized in that in this housing at least two plug-in comb-shaped sheets ( 2 . 2 ' ) are releasably inserted and they act as turbulence generator when flowing through the housing with fluids by the free flow cross-section of the housing, by forming a stretched in the flow direction spatial grid, and reduce each layer in its largest width at right angles to the direction of flow at least two different sections (Ranges) has an unstructured portion (range) ( 3 ) and at least one section (area) ( 4 ) along the main flow direction ( 5 ) by changing webs ( 8th ) and gaps ( 9 ) is structured, and thereby form the plug-in plates opposite continuous and / or broken contact lines to the inner housing wall to allow thermal conduction by a temperature control in the flow region of the fluid and at the same time to clamp the comb-shaped sheets through the metallic contact points and / or lines of contact in the housing , and the webs are inclined at an angle α of 10 to 80 degrees to the main flow direction, and at least two stacked sheets in the flow cross-section of the housing by the alternating angle α of the webs form a lattice structure, and the outer surface of the housing at least 50% with a tempering zone ( 6 ) is surrounded.

The casing for receiving the comb-shaped Sheets that can serve as a turbulence generator can be a pipe, a profile pipe, but especially a rectangular channel.

The housing according to the invention allowed efficient implementation of tempering processes at low investment costs.

The present invention therefore also relates to a method for the efficient performance of temperature control processes of single-phase and / or two-phase liquid or gaseous material flows, characterized in that a housing ( 1 ) according to 1 is used in the at least two plug-in comb-shaped structured sheets ( 2 . 2 ' ) are releasably inserted and this when flowing through the Ge By acting as a turbulence generator with full vertical and horizontal mixing action, by reducing the free flow area of the housing and having each layer in its greatest width at right angles to the direction of flow at least two distinct sections (areas), a first non-structured area (FIG. 3 ) and at least one section (area) ( 4 ) along the main flow direction ( 5 ) by changing webs ( 8th ) and gaps ( 9 ) is structured, and thereby form the plug-in plates opposite continuous and / or broken contact lines to the inner housing wall to allow thermal conduction by a temperature control in the flow region of the fluid and at the same time to clamp the comb-shaped sheets through the metallic contact points and / or lines of contact in the housing and the webs are inclined at an angle α of 10 to 80 degrees to the main flow direction, and at least two stacked sheets in the flow cross-section of the housing by the alternating angle α of the webs form a lattice structure, and the outer surface of the housing at least 50% with a Tempering zone ( 6 ) is surrounded.

The with the housing according to the invention with Turbulence generator performed Temperiervorgänge single-phase and / or two-phase liquid or gaseous material streams can in a temperature range of -100 ° C to 800 ° C are applied and therefore have opposite the prior art significant advantages. Furthermore they are suitable for Fabrics with viscosities from 0.1 mPas up to 100,000 mPas. Due to large volume flows and one huge Viscosity range can be high differential pressures arise, ranging from a few mbar up to several hundred bar. The device according to the invention is therefore synonymous for the turbulent and the laminar flow area but also for crawling or creeping currents used. Because of the high mechanical stability of the housing according to the invention with Turbulence generators these are laminar flow and high material viscosities of e.g. 50 Pas can be used at high differential pressures.

The common in industrial applications Soiling or fouling problems are significantly reduced, because the housing of the invention is good and especially easy to clean, since the turbulence generator insertable are.

Inventive housing with Turbulence generators are also particularly suitable for corrosive to be tempered substances and mixtures of substances, because they are made of high quality and corrosion resistant Materials can be produced particularly inexpensively.

The The invention therefore also relates in particular to heat exchangers, which are tubes or housing, the turbulence generators according to the invention are adjusted.

The Turbulence generator according to the invention or turbulence- in the form of structured layers and layer packages formed therefrom in particular the improvement of the temperature control of heat exchanger channels with rectangular profile. The application of the turbulence generator according to the invention in combination with filling pieces, increases the flow velocity the fluid at constant flow, so that the economic Use with round channel cross sections or pipes. is possible. The structured layers have the appearance of a comb, however stand the comb teeth to the flow direction under an angle.

Furthermore, it is also inventive that a turbulence generator is designed such that on an unstructured section (FIG. 3 ) a section structured by webs and gaps on both sides ( 4 . 4 ' ) is set ( 3 . 3a ) and the webs reach to the inner housing wall.

In the specific embodiment, the turbulence generator is built up with three sections, and shows the shape of a double comb with ridges inclined to the direction of flow. The sections of a double comb according to the invention which are structured by webs and gaps can be different, so that, depending on the technical application, the angle α, the length of the webs and the web spacing can be varied in order to allow optimal fluidic conditions for a tempering process. In special cases, the turbulence generators with structured sections on both sides can be designed in such a way that a layer in the main flow direction has different structured sections (FIG. 5 ) Has.

The simple manufacturing design by variation of the structured Sections, through change the web position, the web angle, the web width in the main flow direction, through change the web distance and also the web shape, allows all degrees of freedom for optimum process engineering design of the turbulence generator to the respective tempering task.

The comb layers can be produced very inexpensively by economical production methods, so that the increase in performance of tempering processes is only associated with low costs, and existing heat exchangers of a process plant are not replaced have to. The comb layers are usually made of inexpensive metal sheets. The required sheets for the manufacture of the comb layers are available on the market in all technical materials.

Comb-layer packages are design-wise easy to design, since the sheet thickness, Web distances, Length of Comb layers, width ratio the structured and unstructured sections can be easily varied are. It can all procedural parameters necessary for a tempering process are sufficiently considered become. Because the turbulators are releasably inserted into heat transfer channels can and getting a variety of layers is needed is almost always a series production necessary, so that unit costs be greatly reduced.

The Finishing the turbulence generator according to the invention From sheet metal or sheet metal always creates web forms with a square or rectangular cross section. The square under one Angled webs are fluidic especially effective and increase the turbulence is particularly effective. In particular special with viscous fluids Forcibly, a good cross-mixing takes place, so that a constant relocation of the material to be tempered, from the inner heating surface to Flow channel center he follows. The forced displacement causes a constant cross-mixing and prevents temperature peaks in the fluid. Another advantage of the intense Cross-mixing has an effect on the tempering performance of the housing according to the invention Turbulence generator, since in each through-flow section of the tempering with maximum mean temperature difference the temperature compensation takes place between the temperature control agent and the product. This leads to, that the heat exchangers used, especially when a rectangular channel bundle heat exchanger is used, shorter Designs has, as a comparatively well-known heat exchanger.

Should the tempering of very large flow channels or cross-sections, such as e.g. in housings greater than 200 mm can be improved so can the comb-shaped turbulence generator according to the invention in hollow design, made of hollow sections, are used, so that a considerable Weight reduction of the needed Comb layers done.

Heat exchanger channels with rectangular cross section have a big one Potential for standardization and low-cost mass production of heat exchangers, since the task-specific design is based on the structure of the comb layers or the comb layer packages concentrated. This concept is special advantageous in use for Car radiators, cooler for oil hydraulic systems, exhaust gas coolers and Short-term heating for the pharmaceutical or biotechnology industry.

Especially the use of materials with high material-specific thermal conductivities at the same time high product side heat transfer surface and Low hold-up of the tempering channel promotes gentle handling Tempering. Even fluid mixtures whose individual components are different Dens have, can be tempered well, because a constant complete mixing ensures the fluid flow in equipped with comb layers channel is.

The releasable Turbulence generators in the profile channels allow easy cleaning and also sterilizing the tempering units. For cleaning purposes can the comb layer packages are pulled out of the temperature control channels, cleaned and before reassembly, if necessary, a visual inspection of the Be subjected to cleanliness. For particularly sensitive biotechnical Process with required high sterility, the cleaning is special easy to perform. Due to the low production costs, it is possible ever after application, to use the comb layer packages as disposable inserts and to be exchanged at product change or in any production campaign.

Therefore are just in the pharmaceutical industry apparatus combinations such as. metallic rectangular channel bundle heat exchanger with comb layer packages, made of e.g. Plastics are made, particularly advantageous. The plastic comb layers are very inexpensive manufacturable on injection molding machines, so that the turbulence generator or Turbulenzerhöher without big ones financial loss can be used as disposable mounting kits.

Therefore Also, applications are economical where the corrosion requirements are particularly high and metallic materials are not used can come. Rectangular duct bundle heat exchanger graphite or glass be made technically easy. Especially with the Werkstooff Glass with low heat conduction it is advantageous to work with the turbulence generators according to the invention, at any point of the tempering channel with maximum possible to be able to work with a medium temperature difference. Are the tempering tubes or channels of a material having a low thermal conductivity may e.g. Comb layers of plastics such as e.g. Polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene or other thermoplastics are advantageously used. In these Applications are turbulence generation with only two layers and the case is an extremely flat rectangular channel.

According to the invention, the structured sheets or layers ( 2 . 2 ' ) a comb-like appearance, but with the main flow direction inclined comb teeth, so that can be spoken of comb plates or comb layers.

The Layers are preferably sheets whose largest width extension parallel Distance of directly opposite inner housing contact points in the flow cross-section of the housing corresponds. The comb layers are always in contact with the inner housing wall. It forms always a closed contact line at the non-structured Comb area and or at least one broken line of contact at the textured crest area along the housing length extent. The housing length extent corresponds to the extent parallel to the main flow direction.

At least two on top of each other laid and mounted or used comb layers form inside of the housing in the flow area, a layered three-dimensional grid, which extends in particular in the channel length.

in the preferred according to the invention Case, the structured sheets are dimensioned slightly larger in width around the metallic contact and thus the energy transfer to improve. Become two equally structured sheets with a slight excess of width on top of each other placed and in the tempering moved in, changed the angle α through the resilient property of the oblique comb teeth. The structured sheets are under tension after mounting in an enclosure; you are almost clamped between the parallel contact points inside the housing, so that due to the fluid passage and the resulting pressure loss slipping out of the mounted comb layers is prevented.

The Length of structured sheets or comb layers acting as turbulence generators act, corresponds to a multiple of the sheet width.

The structured comb plates can from all heat-conducting and metallic materials and alloys, non-metallic Materials, plastics, possibly also of glass or ceramic be manufactured so that in terms of different chemical Corrosion requirements There are no restrictions. However, must depending on the elasticity properties of the material used, the layer width can be selected that the respective position-dependent Distance inside the housing, So the opposite inner housing contact points the layer is chosen so that the webs bend only slightly during assembly but do not break.

The structured comb plates are preferably made of sheets or metal sheets manufactured. So can Economical laser and etching process used for manufacturing. Other economical production methods are the punching, wire eroding, or for sheet thicknesses greater than 10 mm can also Casting considered.

In a preferred variant, the invention relates to turbulence generators and enclosing housing according to 1 in which the structured sheet ( 2 ) in its widthwise dimension transverse to the direction of flow is designed so that the structured portion ( 4 ) is smaller than the non-structured section ( 3 ), so that the proportion of the structured section ( 4 ) is greater than 50%, preferably greater than 75% and particularly preferably up to 95%.

Of the larger proportion the structured section of a turbulence generator is for the respective Application advantageous, it can fabric specific and physical properties such as e.g. Viscosity or different Density and resulting pressure loss are optimally taken into account.

In a further preferred embodiment The invention relates to turbulence generators and those containing them casing (Wärmeaustauscherkanal) in which the flow through Cross sectional area a housing, Pipe, profile tube or rectangular tube with comb layers to 20% to 100%, preferably to 30% to 100% and more preferably to 50% % to 100% of the free flow cross-section are filled.

to Determining the housing filling or the degree of completion a streamed Channel cross-sectional area with comb layers, the layer cross-sectional area becomes be streamed Cross sectional area of the channel in proportion set. Here is the Füllflächenanteil a single layer, the product of layer thickness multiplied with the layer width.

Of the filling level describes the equipment of the single flow channel with turbulence generators according to the invention. Therefore, it is advantageous the inner dimensions of the flow channel to vote on the turbulence generator to a degree of filling of as possible 100% reach.

If, for example, a round flow channel or a pipe with comb layers to be filled, so that due to an increased flow velocity increases the turbulence and thereby an improved temperature exchange from the temperature control or Temperierzone to the fluid, the flow cross section can be filled in layers become. For the filling of a pipe channel, a plurality of comb layers are stacked. It may be advantageous for the user to fix several layers into a layer package and to assemble the package as a whole. Forming layer packages simplifies assembly and disassembly.

Therefore belongs also to the invention that more than two layers for assembly are fixed to each other, so that a formed layer package in the flow channel insertable and detachable can be mounted.

The Fix several over each other stacked comb layers can by spot welding, through Pinning, by screwing or by soldering suc conditions. The fixing is preferably in the non-structured portion of the layers so that for the assembly, the webs are bendable with little effort.

The To fill with round flow channels comb layers according to the invention requires a position-dependent Width adaptation of the turbulence generator to the housing inner contour. Especially easy are adjustments when a layer package is made and this Package is adapted by a grinding process on the housing contour.

Are comb layers in profile tubes, in particular in rectangular tubes ( 2 ) are used, several equal width layers are stacked until the rectangular flow area of the profile housing completely filled and a high degree of filling is achieved.

The The present invention relates to turbulence generators and to those containing them Casing, in which to the permanent Lowering of the local temperature gradient the ridges of the comb layers over the Length of one Temperature control channel at an angle α to the flow direction.

The Webs of the comb layers are in an angular range α from 20 to 80 degrees, preferably from 30 to 60 degrees, and more preferably from 40 to 50 degrees to the flow direction of the fluid to build three-dimensional grids over the entire channel length.

In a further preferred embodiment The present invention relates to turbulence generators and to those containing them Casing, wherein the structured layers are characterized that the width of the comb layers is greater than the straight line inner distance between the parallel inner housing contact points, so that the web angle β in the unassembled condition changed by less than 5 degrees during assembly and assumes the web angle α, whereby the structured layers are always in contact after assembly Inner wall of the housing to have.

The maximum width extension of the comb layers in the unassembled Condition is greater than the width in the mounted state. As a result, the selected web angle β during the Mounting reduced to the angle α. The larger width extension a comb layer leads while the assembly to the fact that the webs bend elastically and the metallic contact with the inner tempered housing wall is always ensured.

For this reason, it is advantageous for the webs in the transition region to the non-structured section with a Querschnittsverjüngun ( 4 ) in order to lower the bending resistance and thereby keep the force required for the Monatage small.

In a further preferred embodiment The present invention relates to turbulence generators and those containing them Casing, wherein the webs of the comb layer is a preferred cross-sectional shape have a turbulence increase to effect and at the same time the radial and horizontal mixing action reinforce the webs. The webs of the layers then have cross-sectional shapes such as square, rectangular or hexagonal on.

In a further preferred embodiment The present invention relates to turbulence generators and those containing them Casing, wherein the quotient of sheet thickness or web height to parallel to the flow direction lying ridge width is preferably in Bererich from 0.1 to 5. Particularly preferably, the quotient is in the range 0.1 to 3.

Of the Quotient formed from web thickness to web width secures during the flow of the crested layers Channels a good mixing effect and turbulence increase, even if substances with high viscosities, example, from 1 Pas to 10 Pas (Pascal · second), flow and it comes to a laminar flow behavior. At the same time, temperature peaks over the entire channel length are avoided, so that even temperature-sensitive substances are gently tempered can.

In a further preferred embodiment The present invention relates to turbulence generators and those containing them Casing, wherein the structured portion of a comb layer in the flow direction a sequence of webs and gaps forms. The distance between the comb teeth or webs to each other has an effect on the resulting during the flow Pressure loss.

Of the Web center distance of the comb layers is therefore preferably greater than twice the web width, particularly preferably greater than four times the web width and especially preferably larger than that quintuple Bridge width of the comb layer.

Of the Bar center distance influences the occurring pressure loss of a Channels, especially when tempered substances with higher viscosities Need to become, it offers a higher bridge center distance to realize the pressure loss to minimize.

In a further preferred embodiment The present invention relates to turbulence generators and those containing them Casing, wherein the comb layers or the comb layer packets in the length of the flow direction are extended by a mounting tab on one or both sides, wherein the total length the layers or packages plus the mounting tab longer is as the one for the Assembly associated channel, so that after installation of the turbulence generator the mounting tabs protrude from the channel and an additional Fixation of the layers or layer pacings outside the channel is possible.

The Comb layers can an additional mounting tab have, which is preferably arranged centrally to the layer width and an opening or bore has.

The opening can to accommodate a mounting tool, leaving a completely unfixed Comb layer package can be fed into a channel. After Assembly can the one above the other standing openings the mounting tabs are used by an additional cross bar, for example a screw to put. A shift of the layers is then while of the operation due to possible occurring high pressure losses additionally secured, there beside the tension of the layer webs in the interior of the housing another Fuse outside of the channel by a protruding Screw or a transverse bolt is possible.

In a further preferred embodiment The present invention relates to turbulence generators and those containing them Casing, wherein a flow channel filled with a layer package and wherein the layer package by differently thick comb layers is built around a turbulence increase and an improved mixing effect different flow rates in the flow cross-section to produce and due to different layer thicknesses at the same time To minimize pressure loss.

Structured Sheets in the form of turbulence generators with different sheet thicknesses can be combined to Bleckpaketen so that the turbulence remover solvable in the casing are mounted and so easily changeable.

In a further preferred embodiment The present invention relates to turbulence generators and those containing them Casing, wherein the length a comb layer is at least as long as that associated with the assembly Channel.

In In this case, the structured sheets or comb layers have one length of 0.05 m to 5 m, preferably one length from 0.05 m to 2 m, and more preferably a length of 0.05 m to 1 m, to the extent possible one piece to be manufactured and assembled.

In a further preferred embodiment The present invention relates to dual comb layer turbulators and housings containing them, wherein a comb layer has three sections and an inner one unstructured section on both sides structured web sections out.

With Web sections are the sections structured by webs and gaps a turbulence generator according to the invention or a comb layer.

both sides formed web sections of a comb layer, also referred to as Herringbone layer or Doppelkammschicht, provide fluidic advantages by at the tempered channel inner walls all web contact points are flowed around well and no dead zones and thus product deposits occur. Product deposits on tempered walls to lead to injury and Aging of the product.

In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to turbulence generators with a double comb layer according to FIG 3 and housings containing the same, wherein the comb layer consists of three sections and, with respect to the layer width, extends from a non-centered non-structured section to two differently extended structured land sections to the respective inner housing wall.

The different extent of the structured sections means in particular that at the same angle α standing comb teeth are different lengths. As a result, different flow velocity profiles are generated when flowing through the equipped with double comb structures channel, such as a rectangular channel, due to the resulting pressure differences, which increase the mixing effect and local Compensate for temperature differences quickly. There are no poorly flowed through channel areas, so that no dead spaces are present and product deposits are avoided.

Structured Double comb layers consisting of three sections can do so be formed that of the non-structured comb section go out of different lengths comb ridges. It can, for example be advantageous that the portion of the long webs under a other angle to the main flow direction stands as the section of short bridges.

Furthermore, the long webs can have different courses ( 3a ), eg a zig-zag course. For example, structured sheets or double-comb elements in very wide profile channels can produce very fine three-dimensional flow lattices and have a particularly good effect as turbulence boosters or turbulence generators.

Structured Layers with three sections, one unstructured section and two structured sections for forming the lands and gaps can also be referred to as double comb elements or herringbone structures.

The however, the present invention also relates to dual comb layer turbulence generators or simple comb layer and enclosing housing, the if not complete filling of e.g. round flow channel cross-section with comb layers the unfilled flow cross section through cross-section adapted Fill in filling pieces, and at the same time serve as Umlenkkonturen for flow guidance.

The Putties or infill can be two-sided be positioned alternately on a comb layer package. internal Putties or Deflection devices in the form of staggered filling pieces in parallel to a mounted comb layer package reduce the pressure loss with good flow turbulence. At the same time a cross-flow enforced by the comb layer package.

In a further preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to turbulence generators with a single comb layer or with a double comb layer and housing, which contain these turbulence generators, wherein the inflow and outflow surfaces of the patches used for a flow deflection on a layer package an angle γ according to the central housing axis 2 B have and are alternately and offset in the flow or in the longitudinal direction are positioned on the layer package.

Of the Angular range γ of Airflow and outflow surfaces of Putties is 20 to 70 degrees, preferably 30 to 60 degrees, and more preferably 40 to 50 degrees.

The used shorter Patches are for adapted inner channel wall, so that no unwanted non-perfused areas in the flow channel arise. The patches can be attached to the be attached to non-structured sections of the comb layers, so that over the layer packet length a simply staggered, so alternating arrangement of the filler is possible. The one in the filled Channel flowing through Fabric flows then partly through the comb layer package and partly once above and in succession below the comb layer package. This will be the flowing through Substances an additional crossflow imposed by the comb layer package, allowing a good redeposition especially for substances with laminar flow.

In Another preferred variant relates to the present invention Turbulence generator with a single comb layer or double comb layer and these containing housings, wherein the deflecting elements opposite, So are located above and below the comb layers, or overlapping or offset in the flow direction are arranged.

In Another preferred variant relates to the present invention Turbulence generators with a double comb layer or more than two comb layers and housings containing them, wherein at least two comb layers form a comb layer packet, and the comb layers or individual comb layers differ long structured zones or non-structured zones in the direction of flow and thereby in the flow direction over the entire channel length Areas formed the who, on the one hand cause a turbulence increase and again have a calm flow.

comb layers with differently structured zones also means that comb teeth in the different zones different angles to the main flow direction can have and or have different bridge center distances.

As a result, depending on the process requirements, different flow states with differentiated tempering powers can be created. Different zones of the comb layers in the flow direction also means that a comb layer package can be varied, wherein layers can be used with unilaterally and or bilaterally comb tooth portions, the center distances of the introduced comb teeth can be varied over the length of the layers, and unstructured comb portions of the layers are positioned centrally or eccentrically, so that in the flow of z. As a low-viscosity product, no ordered flow rates, but almost forced chaotic flow conditions are present.

The The present invention further relates to turbulence generators and housings these contain, wherein the comb layers with each other at the contact points soldered are and thus also smallest column in a comb layer package, especially in the overlapping area the webs are avoided.

The However, the present invention also relates to turbulence generators and these containing housing whose Comb layers to a layer thickness of less than 10 mm is preferred from sheet metal by laser, wire EDM or water jet technology getting produced.

comb layers with a layer thickness of greater than 10 mm are preferably produced by casting. Casting technology Comb layers can a lumpy solid or one-piece be made hollow, allowing material savings and weight reductions respectively.

The The present invention further relates to turbulence generators and these containing housings, wherein the comb layer elements and packages for turbulence increase in catalytic processes are used and structured from Layers consist of three sections, with the surfaces of the layers Completely coated with a catalyst material.

The The present invention further relates to turbulence generators and these containing housings, wherein the comb layer elements and packages for turbulence increase in catalytic processes are used and structured from Sections exist, with the gaps with catalyst granules are filled.

The However, the present invention also relates to turbulence generators and housings these include, wherein an array of comb layer packages with both sides arranged mounting tabs is arranged so that at least two Comb layer packages are connected in series with a clutch and the entire length fill a temperature control channel.

The Arrangement of at least two comb layer packages in order in a flow channel forms a chain of comb layer packages.

chain of comb layer packages, so-called comb layer chains can also in non-tempered channels, pipes or profile tubes be used when the fasteners or couplings Own swivel joints.

The However, the present invention also relates to turbulence generators and these containing housing, wherein the chain-shaped lined comb layer packages a preferred length of 50 mm to 200 mm and more preferably have a length of 50 mm to 100 mm.

The The present invention further relates to turbulence generators and these containing housings, wherein the chain-shaped lined comb layer packages combined with filler pieces for use in channels rotated by 70 to 100 degrees and preferably 75 to 95 degrees to each other arranged and movably connected to mounting brackets are.

The However, the present invention also relates to heat exchangers having turbulence generators are constructed, characterized in that in the turbulence generators the interaction of several parallel flowed rectangular channels with releasable Comb layer packages, in particular with at least two comb layers per square channel, completely stocked are, and the rectangular channels with a common larger inflow and outflow plate welded are, so that a steady flow of all rectangular ducts takes place and all rectangular channels have a common tempering room and thereby a rectangular channel or bundle heat exchanger form, which is gentle on products in the range from -50 ° C to 500 ° C and in particular allows rapid temperature control of fluids and is operable in a pressure range from 1 mbar to 200,000 mbar, wherein the product-side hold-up of the housing or heat exchanger is not more than 10 % to 70% due to the plug-in comb layer packages of the gross flow channel volume is.

The Gross flow channel volume determined from the volume of all product passages bundle heat exchanger.

The rectangular channel bundle heat exchanger consists of at least two parallel-flowed rectangular or slot channels have the same or different channel cross-sections and are equipped with turbulence generators according to the invention. The channels have a common larger inflow and outflow plate and a common tempering. By equipping the slot channels with turbulence generators, the hold-up and the residence time behavior of the fluid to be temperature-controlled in the channels can be optimized. By appropriate choice of Kammschichtstruktu In addition, the occurring pressure loss is changeable, so that a high-performance heat exchanger can be produced with low investment costs.

by virtue of a conformable comb layer or double comb layer structure The pressure loss can be varied within wide limits, so that also heat exchangers for viscous Fluids with a pressure drop of less than 100 bar, preferably smaller 50 bar and more preferably less than 10 bar are produced can.

For a gentle product Tempering is the residence time and the residence time in the Temperature control crucial, so with almost unchanged Dwell behavior of all parallel flow channels simultaneously the tempering by appropriate choice of comb layer structures can be reduced. The uniform tempering time is from Hold-up and the available co-determined with the heat exchange surface so that the rectangular channels with comb layer patches a preferred reduced hold-up volume from 20% to 60%, and more preferably from 30% to 60% on the not equipped with turbulence generators channel volume.

As As already described, the present invention also relates to Method of efficient implementation of tempering processes single-phase and / or two-phase liquid or gaseous streams, characterized in that a turbulence generator according to the present invention is used becomes.

The The invention preferably relates to a tempering process with the comb layer structures according to the invention and the rectangular channel heat exchanger according to the invention for the Short-term temperature control of a fluid or a fluid mixture thereby characterized in that the substances to be tempered a viscosity range from 0.001 to 1 Pas, preferably has a viscosity of 0.1 mPas up to 5000 mPas and more preferably a substance-specific viscosity from 0.1 mPas to less than 10000 mPas, so that with a small residence time due to the low hold-up and due to the tight retention time spectrum as well as the good Querver mixture in the flow channel in the exit region of the slot channels, a temperature difference between the temperature control and the product outlet temperature itself which is in the range 2-20 ° C, preferred in the range 2-10 ° C and especially preferably in the range 2-5 ° C is.

Especially Preferably, the present invention relates to a method for efficient Tempering single-phase and / or two-phase liquid or gaseous Material flows, being to carry of endothermic or exothermic reactions with fluids in single-phase or multiphase state and use as a tubular reactor, as well an upstream mixer for the first homogenization of the reactants in front of one or more in series one behind the other or parallel to each other installed slot heat exchangers, so that after passing the mixer incipient chemical Reaction of an immediately intensive tempering in the slot channels with Supplied to turbulence generators can be and the high mixing quality produced in the pre-mixer during the Reaction course is maintained in the slot channel.

Finally, concerns the present invention the use of the turbulence generator according to the invention preferably with associated rectangular channels as a short-term heater or as a cross-flow heat exchanger for the Food industry, as a sterilizer for pharmaceutical or biological Processes, as exhaust gas cooler for one full Condensation of vapors and for the retention of recyclables in an exhaust gas stream to avoid polluting Emissions, as a heat exchanger for car radiator or as oil cooler, but without common tempering and the removal of the amount of heat through the outer surface of the rectangular channels to the Ambient air, whereby the performance of the radiator is increased by the rectangular duct outer surfaces through Attach or solder be enlarged by sheet-metal fins and good heat dissipation takes place in the ambient air, and in a preferred form the Use as a car or oil cooler, thereby marked that the radiator from a material with a specific thermal conductivity of 50 KJ / m · h · degrees to 1500 KJ / m · h · degrees produced are.

Characters:

1 shows a section of a tempering channel with single-sided tempering space and inserted structured comb layer,

1b shows two superimposed layered comb structures in the housing, similar to 1 .

1a represents a sheet metal section in comb structure,

2 Shows the flow cross section of a filled rectangular or profile tube,

2a round flow cross-section of a pipe with. Layer package and filler pieces,

2 B Shows a flow tube with in Strö mung direction offset to each other positioned patches,

3 in the 3 a comb plate is shown with webs extending on both sides,

3a shows a double comb plate with short webs and long webs with zig-zag profile,

4 is shown schematically the angular change of the ridge after the housing assembly,

5 shows schematically over the entire length of the housing mounted Kammschichtpaket with different intensities acting structures for turbulence generation,

6 , shows the inflow side of a rectangular channel bundle heat exchanger with common tempering,

7 shows a car radiator with large heat-dissipating surface to the ambient air.

7a shows the cross section of a single car radiator tube with externally mounted fins for the efficient heat transfer to the air.

Examples

example 1

In 1 is a housing section ( 1 ) or pipe or profile tube, ie a turbulence generator, shown in a sectional view. In the lower area is the housing with a temperature control room ( 6 ), for example, provided for heating or cooling. The temperature control room is by a tempering ( 6 ' ) limited. In the interior of the housing is a short structured sheet metal ( 2 ) used with comb structure. It can be seen that the comb-shaped metal sheet has metallic contact with the inner housing wall. The structured sheet has two sections, an unstructured section ( 3 ) which is synonymous with the sheet back ( 7 ), and a structured section ( 4 ), in which the structure of webs ( 8th ) and between the bars inevitably form gaps during production ( 9 ) consists. The webs are always at an angle α to the direction of flow ( 5 ) or to the main flow direction through the housing.

In 1a is the structured sheet metal section ( 2 ) out 1 rotated 180 degrees about its longitudinal axis, synonymous with the flow direction, so that a sheet metal section ( 2 ' ) is present at the angle α '. In the figure are still the comb back ( 7 ' ), the webs ( 8th' ) and the gaps ( 9 ' ) as well as the flow direction of the fluid ( 5 ' ). The comb layers are in both 1 u. 1a structured immediately.

In 1b is the case ( 1 ) with inserted structured sheet ( 2 ) out 1 shown and the turned sheet ( 2 ' ) out 1a is used as a second structured comb plate for forming a comb layer package. It can be seen that the ends of the webs are slightly rounded with wall contact, so that the retraction of the structured sheets or laminated cores can be done with less effort and at the same time the webs with little effort spring-like clamped to the inner housing wall. The turning of the respectively adjacent layer generates a flow-through three-dimensional grid in the interior of the housing. A flowing fluid must forcibly flow through the grid in the interior of the channel and flow around the webs, so that a constant mixing or a turbulence excitation by radial and horizontal deflection takes place. This results in a faster degradation of local temperature peaks.

The structured sheets can also so one above the other be positioned that the unstructured comb sections alternate to the adjacent layer, i. on the located opposite side.

Example 2

In 2 a housing is shown, which is a profile or rectangular channel, which is completely filled with structured comb plates. Evident is the almost complete filling of the flow area with comb profiles. Even a comb profile package requires hardly any abrading adjustments to fill the profile cross-section to a high degree. The fitting work of a laminated core is limited to fitting the top and bottom layers in the corner area of the channel.

Comparatively, in 2a a round housing or a tube is shown, which also with a comb layer package ( 12 ) is filled. Here is the comb layer package ( 12 ) with a lower ( 11 ' ) and upper ( 11 ) Provided filling piece, so that required fitting work of Kammschichtpaketes be reduced to the circular flow cross-section of the housing. In particular for the retrofitting of turbulence generators in shell and tube heat exchangers, the combination of comb layer packages with filler pieces is suitable. The patches can be fixed together with the layer package before assembly.

In 2h is a round tube or housing ( 1 ) with turbulators according to the invention as a turbulence generator package ( 12 ) equipped is and filler pieces ( 11 . 11 ' ) above and below in the flow direction ( 5 ) are arranged offset.

Example 3

3 shows a housing section ( 1 ) with a specially structured comb plate as so-called double comb plate with herringbone structure, which is used as a detachable element or turbulence enhancer in a housing.

The structured double comb element is provided with an off-center unstructured section ( 30 ) provided on both sides of the comb teeth or webs ( 31 . 32 ) at an angle to the main flow direction ( 5 ) of the fluid extend to the inner wall of the housing. Here is the one side of the comb teeth ( 31 ) shorter than the opposing comb teeth ( 32 ). The assembly to a comb layer package with double-sided, different long webs, also referred to as a double-comb layer, results in the non-structured layer areas no longer being superimposed after assembly. It is advantageous that the flow region has no dead spots where substances can settle.

Thereby can different velocity profiles in the flow cross-section of the channel.

Furthermore, different three-dimensional grid structures can be built up in layers in very wide profile channels or housings (rectangular channels). In 3a Also shown is a double comb structure, wherein the portion of the long webs zig-zag ( 34 . 34 ' ) is trained. If such Doppelkammschichten superimposed and mounted, no dead spaces, very fine grid structures and all areas in the housing cross-section are well flowed through. Good flow prevents the aging and deposition of sensitive substances and prevents fouling. The angular ranges of the webs of double comb elements may be different. The turbulence generator ( 34 . 34 ' ) are shown in the illustration as a line or as a dotted line.

Example 4

In 4 exemplifies that every single bridge ( 8th ) of the comb plates is designed to be somewhat longer in order to produce a secure contact during installation in a tempering to the inner temperature control surface. Is the structured sheet metal in the housing ( 1 ), the bridge changes ( 8th ) its original position slightly, so that the manufactured angle β leichtfüßgig changed by a few minutes and in the mounted position assumes the angle α. Therefore, it is favorable during production in the transition of the bridge ( 8th ) to the unstructured comb section ( 7 ) a cross-sectional taper ( 10 ), which serves as a preferred bending point, so that does not increase significantly during the assembly of Kammschichtpakete the force. Due to the elasticity of each material prevails in the web, in particular at the bending point, then a resilient tension, which allows a wedging of the comb elements between the inner housing surface and ensures a metallic contact.

Example 5

5 shows a temperature-controlled housing ( 50 ) with a double comb layer, wherein along the housing axis ( 51 ) or the flow direction, the structure of the double comb layer is varied. There are four structured zones ( 53 . 53 ' . 54 . 54 ' ) parallel to the main flow direction. The zones ( 53 . 53 ' ) and ( 54 . 54 ' ) are arranged alternately. The variation of the zones in this example is such that individual sections have different web angles α, different web spacings and the structured zones have different lengths. This creates a changing three-dimensional grid with different fineness in the flow channel.

For ease of installation, the double comb layers are approximately as long as the flow channel itself and both sides with a mounting tab ( 52 . 52 ' ) Mistake. With the mounting bracket, a complete Doppelkammschichtpaket consisting of at least two structured layers, simply mounted and optionally additionally secured by a, not shown here screw or bolt against slipping. In the 5 the temperature control room is not shown.

Example 6

In 6 the inflow profile of a rectangular channel or slot channel bundle heat exchanger is shown with common tempering. Evident is the common Anströmplatte ( 63 ) for receiving all slot channels ( 1 ). The slot channels are in this example to the diameter of the common tempering ( 60 ), so that the slot channels have different flow cross sections ( 64 ) and therefore can accommodate turbulence generators according to the invention having different widths. The slot channels are chosen as an example with a small height, so that, for example, two to three turbulence generator layers can be used. As a result, the heat exchange surface is fully utilized and the flow direction inclined webs of the inserted structured layers allow complete rapid mixing over the entire flow cross-section of each slot channel. The turbulence generators are in their structured and unstructured sections in the 6 shown only schematically. Furthermore, the common temperature control housing has a connection for the supply and discharge ( 61 . 62 ) of the temperature control. The Anströmplatte of Temperiergehäuses can accommodate different numbers of slot channels depending on the task by varying the slot channel distances. The slot channels can also be replaced by way of example by a plurality of similar rectangular channels or profile tubes.

Of the Slot channel bundle heat exchanger is in his length not shown, wherein on the tempering corresponding baffles can be provided.

Example 7

In 7 is an example of the structure of a car radiator ( 70 ). In this case, several flat channels according to the invention ( 71 ) completely with three turbulence generators according to the invention ( 72 ) equipped. In addition, the flat channels have outer soldered plates ( 73 ), in order to be able to dissipate the accumulated heat quickly over the enlarged outer surface of the flat channel to the ambient air. The flat channels are at both ends in collecting channels ( 74 . 75 ) used and welded or soldered. When using materials with a high thermal conductivity, such as aluminum or copper so assembled car radiator can be put together, provided the joints with solder and soldered as a whole.

In 7a a single car radiator tube is shown in a sectional view. It can be seen that the flat channel ( 71 ) is equipped with, for example, three turbulence generators according to the invention and completely fills the flow cross-section of the flat channel. The comb layers used can be clearly seen, in particular the non-structured section (FIG. 72 ' ) and the section structured by webs and gaps ( 72 ). Around the flat channel is the lamella ( 73 ), which causes an enlargement of the outer temperature of the flat channel. In the figure is also a part of the collecting channel ( 75 ) to recognize.

Claims (31)

Housing according to 1 for controlling the temperature of liquid and gaseous streams characterized in that at least two plug-in comb-shaped plates (as turbulence generator in this ( 2 . 2 ' ) are releasably inserted and they act as turbulence generator when flowing through the housing with fluids by reducing the free flow cross-section of the housing by forming a stretched in the flow direction spatial grid and each layer in its largest width at right angles to the direction of flow at least two different sections, a unstructured section ( 3 ) and at least one section ( 4 ) along the main flow direction ( 5 ) by changing webs ( 8th ) and gaps ( 9 ) is structured, and form through the plug-in plates opposite continuous and / or broken contract lines to the inner housing wall to allow by conduction a temperature control in the flow region of the fluid and at the same time to clamp the comb-shaped sheets through the metallic contact points and / or lines of contact in the housing, and the webs are inclined at an angle α of 10 to 80 degrees to the main flow direction, and at least two stacked sheets in the flow cross-section of the housing by the alternating angle α of the webs form a lattice structure, and the outer surface of the housing at least 50% with a Tempering zone ( 6 ) is surrounded. casing according to claim 1, characterized in that this is a tube, a profile tube or represents a flat channel. Housing according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that on an unstructured section ( 3 ) a section structured by webs and gaps on both sides ( 4 ) is set and the webs reach to the inner housing wall. Housing according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the comb-shaped sheets or layers ( 2 . 2 ' ) to the main flow direction inclined comb teeth have. casing according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the flow-through cross-sectional area to the 20th % to 100% of the free flow cross section filled with comb layers. casing according to claim 1, characterized in that the permanent degradation of the local Temperature gradient over the length a Temperierkanals the webs of the comb layers at an angle α to the flow direction stands and this angle α 10 up to 80 degrees to the flow direction of the Fluids are available to build three-dimensional grids over the entire flow-through channel length. Housing according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the comb layers is greater than the rectilinear inner distance between the parallel inner Gehäusekontaktpunk th, so that the web angle .beta. in the unassembled state changes by less than 5 degrees during assembly and assumes the web angle .alpha. whereby the structured layers always have contact with the inner wall of the housing after assembly. Housing according to claim 1, characterized in that the webs ( 8th ) of the comb layer have a square, rectangular or hexagonal cross-sectional shape. casing according to claim 1, characterized in that the quotient formed from sheet metal thickness or web height to parallel to the flow direction lying web width is in the range of 0.1 to 5. casing according to claim 1, characterized in that the structured region of a comb layer in the flow direction a series of bridges and gaps makes and the bridge center spacing of the comb layers larger than is twice the bridge width. casing according to claim 1, characterized in that the comb layers or the comb layer packages in their length to the flow direction are extended by a mounting tab on one or both sides, the total length of the Layers or packages plus the mounting tab longer is, as the for the assembly associated channel, so that after assembly of the turbulence generator the mounting tabs protrude from the channel and an additional Fixation of the layers or the layer packages outside of the channel is. casing according to claim 1, characterized in that a flow channel with a layer package filled is, wherein the layer package by differently thick comb layers is built around a turbulence increase and an improved Mixed effect different flow rates in the flow cross-section too produce, and due to different layer thicknesses simultaneously the pressure loss is minimized. casing according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of a comb layer at least as long as the channel assigned to the assembly. casing according to claim 1 with a double comb layer, characterized in that a comb layer has three sections and from an inner - unstructured area Both sides structured web sections go out. Housing according to claim 1 with a double comb layer, characterized in that a comb layer of three sections ( 3 ), wherein based on the layer width of an out-of-center non-structured struc- tured section, two differently extended structured web portions extend to the respective inner housing wall. casing according to claim 1 with single comb layer or double comb layer, characterized that at not complete filling a flow channel cross section with comb layers of the unfilled flow cross-section through cross-section adapted Patches that simultaneously serve as Umlenkkonturen for flow guidance, is filled. casing according to claim 1 with single comb layer or double comb layer, characterized that the inflow and outflow surfaces of to a flow deflection used patches have a layer packet to the middle axis of the housing standing angle γ, and alternating and offset in flow or in the longitudinal direction are positioned on the layer package and the angular range γ of the inflow and outflow of the Putties 20 to 70 degrees. casing according to claim 1 with single comb layer or double comb layer, characterized that the deflecting elements opposite, are thus arranged above and below the comb layers, or overlapping or offset in the flow direction are arranged. casing according to claim 1 with single comb layer or double comb layer, characterized that at least two comb layers form a comb layer packet, and the comb layers or individual comb layers differ long structured zones or non-structured zones in the direction of flow and thereby in the flow direction over the entire channel length Areas are formed, which cause a turbulence increase on the one hand and again have a calm flow. casing according to claim 1, characterized in that the comb layers with each other soldered at the contact points are and thus also the smallest column in a comb layer package, in particular in the overlap area the webs are avoided. Housing according to claim 1, characterized in that the comb layers are made up to a layer thickness of less than 10 mm from metal sheets by laser, wire EDM or water jet technology and comb layers with a layer thickness of greater than 10 mm in casting be put. casing according to claim 1, characterized in that the comb layer elements and packages for turbulence increase in catalytic processes of structured layers with three Sections exist, with the surfaces of the layers completely with a catalyst material are coated. casing according to claim 1, characterized in that in an array of comb layer packages with mounting tabs arranged on both sides at least two comb layer packages connected in series with a clutch and the entire Length of one Fill the temperature control channel. casing according to claim 1, characterized in that in the case of chain-like lined comb layer packages this one length from 50 mm to 200 mm. casing according to claim 1, characterized in that in the case of chain-like lined comb layer packages this combined with filling pieces for use in channels preferably are arranged rotated by 70 to 100 degrees to each other and movably connected to each other at the connecting mounting tabs are. casing according to claim 1, characterized in that the comb layer elements and Kammschichtpakete for turbulence increase used in catalytic processes and from structured Sections exist, with the gaps with catalyst granules filled are. casing according to claims 1 to 26 and containing these heat exchangers characterized in that the interaction of several parallel flowed through rectangular ducts the with detachable Comb layer packages, in particular with at least two comb layers per square channel, completely stocked are, and the rectangular channels with a common larger inflow and outflow plate welded are so that a steady flow of all rectangular ducts takes place and all rectangular channels have a common tempering and thereby form a rectangular channel bundle heat exchanger in the Range from -50 ° C to 500 ° C gentle on products and in particular allows rapid temperature control of fluids and in a pressure range of 1 mbar to 200000 mbar is operable, and that the product-side hold-up of the housing or heat exchanger does not exceed 10% up to 70% due to the plug-in comb layer packages of the gross flow channel volume. Temperiererfahren with a housing according to the claims 1 to 27 for the short-time temperature control a fluid or a fluid mixture characterized that the materials to be tempered have a viscosity range of 0.001 to 1 Pas, preferably a viscosity from 0.1 mPas to 5000 mPas and more preferably a substance-specific viscosity from 0.1 mPas to less than 10000 mPas, so that with a short residence time due to the low hold-up and tight residence time spectrum as well as the good cross mixing in the flow channel in the exit region of the slot channels a Temiperaturdifferenz between temperature control and the Produktaustrittstem temperature the less than 15 ° C, preferably less than 10 ° C and more preferably less than 5 ° C is, adjusts. Method of conducting endothermic or exothermic reactions with fluids in single-phase or multi-phase Condition using a tubular reactor according to the invention, characterized that a mixer for the first homogenization of the reactants in front of one or more in series behind each other or parallel to each other installed slot heat exchangers is switched, so that after entering the mixer incipient chemical reaction of an immediately intensive tempering in the slot channels be supplied with turbulence generators can and the high mixing quality produced in the pre-mixer during the course of the reaction is maintained in the slot channel. Use of the housing according to claims 1 to 27 or one of these casing containing heat exchanger as a short-time heater or as a cross-flow heat exchanger for the food industry, as a sterilizer for pharmaceutical or biological processes, as exhaust gas cooler for complete condensation of fumes and for the retention of materials in an exhaust stream to avoid polluting Emissions, as a heat exchanger for car radiator or as oil cooler however without common Temperierraum, wherein the removal of the amount of heat on the outer surface of the rectangular channels to the Ambient air takes place and the performance of the cooler is increased in which the rectangular channel outer surfaces by attaching or soldering be enlarged by sheet-metal fins and good heat dissipation takes place to the ambient air. Auto or oil cooler, by in that it consists of a housing according to claims 1 to 27 and of a Material with a specific thermal conductivity of 50 KJ / m · h · degrees to 1500 KJ / m · h · degrees made are.