EP1995545B1 - Plate heater for heat transfer processes - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a disk apparatus and method for heat transfer operations.

Heat exchange processes and chemical reactions with liquids and or gases under high pressure and high temperatures are carried out in metallic tube apparatus (bundle heat exchangers), wherein the fluid-carrying tubes have large wall thicknesses due to the high pressures. The large wall thicknesses are required on the one hand to accommodate the upcoming compressive forces, since each individual tube is pressure-bearing design and on the other hand, the heat transfer performance due to the low thermal conductivity of z. B, reduced to metallic materials.

If, in addition, corrosion-resistant materials are to be used for process engineering processes, it is customary to provide the product-carrying pipes with an enveloping, tight-fitting jacket tube because of low strength values at high temperatures, so that the material expenditure used is significantly increased and the heat transfer performance additionally deteriorates. In the production technology, high throughputs are continuously generated, thereby parallel arrangements of thick-walled single-layer or multi-layer pipes are common in the apparatus, whereby each individual pipe or product channel is designed for high process forces, which leads to large, heavy and expensive apparatus, especially if difficult to process materials be used.

In the processing of hazardous chemical substances, large apparatus in the product and tempering rooms have large volumes, so that the hazardous potential increases with hazardous substances.

When processing viscous substances with laminar flow behavior, pipe channels are uneconomical with regard to the heat transfer behavior and in connection with the thick-walled pipe channels. Another problem is the product-specific deposit formation whereby the heat exchange and thus the service life of an apparatus significantly reduced. Furthermore, such apparatus must be easy to clean.

Heat transfer operations at high pressures up to 500 bar and simultaneously high process temperatures of up to 500 ° C require in the prior art apparatuses with high material costs, so that high costs occur, the apparatus have large dimensions and are difficult to assemble.

Even so-called plate heat exchangers are not suitable for such applications because extremely thin sheets are used, which tend to deformation at high pressures. In addition, the risk of corrosion is very high, so that with thin wall thicknesses, the frequency of damage is high, and these apparatuses are usually used only for less corrosive substances.

Such a plate heat exchanger, in which corrugated sheets are stacked 90 degrees offset from each other, for example, shows the publication US 4,246,963 ,

The object of the invention is to develop for chemical endothermic or exothermic reactions and for heat exchange processes at high pressures up to 500 bar and at the same time high temperatures up to 500 ° C, an apparatus and a method in which duct or pipe walls are made significantly thinner can and the flow of liquids, gases and multiphase fluids and viscous substances is improved, so that procedural operations can be performed more efficiently and the apparatus can be built more cost effective and compact as possible. Furthermore, it is an object to provide a good and improved cleaning option for an operator to perform in case of contamination and fouling on the heat exchange surfaces fast cleaning and thus to reduce production loss.

The object was achieved by an inventive plate apparatus for heat transfer processes, which can be built in a particularly compact and material-saving form and in which a cleaning is very easy.

The object was inventively achieved by a plate apparatus for heat transfer, which is characterized
in that it comprises at least one rectangular channel (1) through which a fluid can pass, comprising upper and lower, smooth, in particular flat, straight, undeformed, wide walls (2, 3) and left and right side walls (4, 5), the width walls being thinner than side walls, the walls of the rectangular channel are non-detachably and gas-tightly connected to one another and the rectangular channel for a fluid in the flow direction (6) can be flowed through in its longitudinal extension,
and width walls and side walls together form a flow-through cross-section for the inflow of a fluid whose quotient of inner width wall to inner height extent of the side wall is greater than 20 to less than 1000,
and the interior of the rectangular channel is equipped with at least one extractable flow-through, one- or multi-piece insert (7) with surface contact with the rectangular channel whose outer geometric dimensions fill the interior of the rectangular channel,
and at least on an outer width wall, over the entire width and length, at least one flow-through, one or more pieces essay (8) with surface contact to the rectangular channel and or housing is placed loosely,
and wherein the rectangular channel is surrounded by at least one attachment on all sides by a close-fitting housing (9), wherein the housing front and rear Anströmplatten (10,11), parallel to the width walls of the rectangular channels an upper and lower width plate (12,13) and Attachment plates (14,15) with openings (16), in the Anströmplatten slot-shaped openings (17) for receiving rectangular channels present and all housing plates are inextricably linked together, the rectangular channel protrudes into the slot-shaped opening of Anströmplatten and is also connected there, and As a result, an externally sealed housing is formed, which has separate flow areas in the interior
and transfer occurring compressive forces from the flow areas via flat contacts to the housing,
the fluid flow areas (6, 18) which are separate in the housing lie one above the other, and intersect the flow directions of inserts and attachments in height-offset different planes at an angle of 90 degrees,
the housing has detachable connection adapters for flow plates (19, 20) and attachment adapters for attachment plates (21, 22) to allow for the supply and discharge of fluids,
flow-through extractable inserts (7) and overlaid attachments (8) comprise at least two straight layered layers (200, 300) not deformed in the layer plane, the structure of the layers being formed by rectangular functional webs and gaps (201, 301) the layers fill the associated permeable space or area with their geometric expansions and thereby support the inner and outer surfaces of the thin width walls via surface contacts of the webs,
each structured layer has in its longitudinal extent at least one resilient and deformable spring web (202, 302) running parallel to the side wall (4, 5) or to the end plate, and the spring web is connected to at least one connecting web (203, 303) to the parallel guide web (204, 304) in the layer plane .
and starting from the guide web and / or spring bar a plurality of shorter intermediate webs (205,305) extend to the opposite parallel spring bar, and intermediate webs in straight extension have a spring gap (206,306) with deformation path (207,307) and limit deformation of the spring bar
and in the inflow and outflow zones of the fluids, a plurality of support ribs (208, 308) of different lengths protrude into the flow area,
Webs one-sided surface contact to the width wall or to the width plate and one-sided surface contact with adjacent webs of adjacent layers have to conduct existing compressive forces in the surrounding outer housing,
and connecting, intermediate and supporting webs of layers of the inserts and attachments to the respective main flow direction have an inclination angle a of 10 to 70 degrees,
and in each case one of the two layers of inserts and attachments turned by 180 degrees about its own longitudinal axis of elongation and placed on the other layer, thereby the existing inclination angle α of the webs alternated, thereby cross webs and form backmixing low-flow through sections for a fluid.

The feature of flatness applies in particular with regard to a uniform and constant wall thickness of the parts used for inserts and attachments and width walls.

Wide and flat rectangular channels with thin width walls behave like diaphragms under internal pressure load, so that even under low load a strong deformation occurs. With internal pressure in the rectangular channel, the surfaces of the webs of the applied essays ensure uniform and stable support of the width walls, so that the material thickness of the width wall must absorb the compressive forces acting only partially in the section of the respective gap. The webs of the articles consist e.g. made of incompressible materials, so that the active forces can be guided over webs of the attachment layers to the width plate and forwarded to the attachment plates of the housing.

Occurring forces in the flow areas in the interior of the housing can be partially compensated, so that only the housing is loaded by effective forces. At the same time, the attachment plates restrict the movement space of the attachments, so that the loose attachment layers between the rectangular channel and the housing are inserted almost free of play, in particular are clamped.

If several rectangular channels with interposed caps positioned one above the other and or side by side, so only the housing of the disk apparatus must withstand the forces. Process-relevant heat-transferring partitions of the rectangular channels can be extremely thin and significantly promote and improve the emissivity exchange.

If in the process engineering application the prevailing pressure in the flow area of the attachment is higher than in the rectangular channel, the membrane-like width walls can compress the layers of the inserts without play, so that a large-area contact with the webs of the inserts arises, and form the inserts additional internal heat transfer ribs and contribute to an increase in performance of the apparatus.

Structured inserts and attachments simultaneously increase the flow velocity and thus turbulence, which also increases the heat transfer performance. The side walls of the rectangular channels are supported by top plates of the housing so that welding connections between side and width wall of the rectangular channel take over essentially only sealing functions. The material consumption of the inventive plate apparatus for heat transfer is low, since only the housing is made thick-walled to take pressure or impact forces on.

Undetachable connections of the side wall and the wide wall of a rectangular channel can be produced by welding technology or by a soldering process.

The plate apparatus has in its structure two separate flow areas, so that even incompatible fluids in the apparatus can be subjected to an energy exchange. It may be advantageous that layers of inserts and essays are structured differently, so in particular the gaps between the webs can be made different widths.

Characteristic of the process technology heat transfer between two fluid streams in an apparatus application is that fluids with different pressure levels are fed into the apparatus and are exposed to width plates and top plates of a different load. As a result, it is advantageous to pass the higher pressure fluid stream through the rectangular channel and direct the low pressure fluid flow through the flow area of the tips. As a result, attachment plates can be made thinner than the width plates. The main compressive load is passed through width walls of the rectangular channel over the loose webs of the attachments to the width plate of the housing, so that the attached to the width plate top plates are subjected to a tensile load substantially to keep inner internals of the housing stabilized and not subject to deformation. The width plate is then executed stably.

If two fluid streams are fed in different amounts into the respective flow area of the inserts and attachments, the layers of the attachments and inserts will be of different thickness and structure so that flow resistances and flow rates are different to improve the heat exchange.

Process-related contaminants and deposits on the inner heat-transferring walls of the rectangular channel may require that the layers of the inserts must be quickly interchangeable and drawable.
Particularly advantageous are the slot-shaped openings of Anströmplatten, can be pulled over the inserts out of the rectangular channel out to perform a device cleaning very easy and fast. Due to the marginality of the inserts, a scraping of inner deposits in the rectangular channel takes place simultaneously when the insert layers are pulled.

When changing the layers of the essays, it is advantageous if the layers of the essays are made in several pieces, so that the length of the width of the rectangular channel wall is covered by a plurality of juxtaposed essays The essays are based on the wider side walls of the rectangular channel.

The plate apparatus and inserts and attachments can be made predominantly of materials such as steel, Cr-Ni steels, high-alloy Ni steels, nickel, titanium, aluminum, but they can also be made of non-metallic materials. Depending on the corrosion requirements, material pairings can also be used.

The innovative plate apparatus is particularly economical when chemical processes require corrosion-resistant, difficult-to-process and expensive materials.

Another inventive embodiment is when a plurality of rectangular channels are positioned in a plane next to each other, and have at least one common attachment and a common housing. Several rectangular channels are guided in a common slot-shaped opening of the Anströmplatte and there are firmly and tightly connected to the Anströmplatte of the housing.

An inventive embodiment of the layers of the inserts is that a very wide rectangular channel is filled with several juxtaposed inserts with at least two superimposed structured layers.

Inventively, layers of the inserts (7) and attachments (8) may be characterized in that the contact surfaces of the rectangular ridges and the associated gaps (201, 301) of inserts (7) and attachments (8) in one use of the disk apparatus meet the process requirements in the respective flow direction (6, 18) adapted and have different widths.

Differently large gaps allow a good adaptation with regard to the flow loss, so that fluids can be tempered in a wide viscosity range. In addition, the gap width in the respective flow direction influences the thickness of the wide wall of the rectangular channel, so that different effective forces are taken into account. By effective forces are meant the forces of the respective fluid pressure.

Inventively, inserts and attachments may be further characterized in that inserts and attachments have different heights to provide low pressure loss flow regions.

Differently formed heights of inserts between the parallel width walls of the rectangular channel and attachments between outer surface of the width wall and parallel inner surface of the width plate provide for a low flow loss and promote the heat exchange. Different heights of the inserts and attachments are formed by using different sheet thicknesses for structured layers.

Inventive attachments are characterized in preferred value formation in that essays with at least two superposed structured layers are made, the layers to the respective main flow direction inclined connecting, shorter intermediate webs (305) and support webs (308), which at an angle a of 10 degrees 45 degrees and preferably at an angle a of 30 degrees to 45 degrees to the flow direction, and located in extension of the intermediate webs spring gaps (306) with deformation path (307) on the inner housing surface (11, 14, 15) and or to adjacent attachment layers ends and the spring bar parallel to the guide web performs the function of a second longer spring bar.

Spring webs of layers of the inserts and attachments with associated deformation paths and options have a special significance, they compensate for dimensional manufacturing inaccuracies of the surrounding components and avoid the formation of flow-through corners in the flow areas. Furthermore, the assembly and disassembly is much easier

Inventive inserts of the rectangular channel may be characterized in that inserts consist of at least two superimposed structured layers, the layers with respective main flow direction inclined connecting and intermediate and supporting webs with gaps and have an angle α of 15 degrees to 45 degrees to a backmixing low flow guidance with low pressure drop in the rectangular channel to allow.

Layers of the inserts are preferably made of undeformed straight metal sheets, so that a desired gap structure is incorporated by means of known cutting or etching methods.

Inventive structured layers of the inserts may be characterized in that each structured layer has in its longitudinal extension on both sides parallel resilient and deformable spring bars and the spring bars are connected to at least three connecting webs in the layer plane, and between the connecting webs in the flow direction, starting from the lateral spring bar a Variety of shorter intermediate webs to the opposite spring bar straight and straight extension of the gutter to the opposite spring bar a spring gap is formed which limits the deformation of the spring bar, and between the connecting webs sections arise in which the spring gaps are different in width.

Innovative structured layers of the inserts may be characterized in that outer spring and guide webs have recesses (209) to minimize the frictional surface to the side wall (4, 5) of the rectangular channel (1) and the force to be applied for inserting the inserts predominantly to use for clamping with the rectangular channel.

Inventively, attachments may be characterized in that layers of the attachments are loosely sandwiched between rectangular channels and or housings, and a number of juxtaposed and superimposed layers fully support the width wall of the rectangular channel in the longitudinal expansion under internal compressive load, completely completing the travel of the layers of the attachments tight fitting top plates, Anströmplatten and rectangular channels is limited, the maximum range of motion corresponds to the deformation path (307) of the spring gap and the layers of the essays are not removable, so that the deformation path is greater 0 to 10 mm, preferably greater than 0 to 3 mm and more preferably greater than 0 to less than 1 mm,

The inventive housing may be characterized in that the width plates (12, 13) running parallel to the width wall of the rectangular channel have a greater wall thickness than the lateral attachment plates (14, 95) having openings (16).

The inventive housing may be characterized in that the parallel width plates are provided with a tempering channel (23) in order to keep the temperature differences between rectangular channel and housing low during tempering operations.

An inventive embodiment of the housing is e.g. characterized in that at least one attachment plate with openings is made detachable to make layers of essays changeable.

Inventively, a rectangular channel may also be characterized in that the thickness of the parallel width walls (2, 3) is thinner than that of the lateral side walls (4, 5).

Inventively, structured layers of inserts and attachments may be characterized in that the gaps (201, 301) between connecting and intermediate and supporting webs have a width of 1 to less than 30 mm, preferably the width is 1 to 10 mm and particularly preferred the width of 1.5 to 9 mm in size.

Inventively, a method is characterized in that throughflowable rectangular channels are operated with inserts having a higher process pressure, as the through-flowable attachments and width plates of the housing are made thicker than the attachment plates.

Inventively, a method can be characterized in that flow-through attachments between the rectangular channel and or housing are operated at a higher process pressure than through-flow rectangular channels and the gaps of the webs in the layers of the inserts have a smaller distance from each other than those of the essays.

An inventive embodiment of the plate apparatus may further be characterized in that durchströmbare rectangular channels with inserts made of corrosion resistant materials, such as metallic materials such as steel, Cr-Ni alloys, titanium, copper, aluminum and nickel, and materials of the articles preferably made of good heat conducting Materials such as steel, copper or aluminum.

Inventively, a method and the use of the inventive plate apparatus as a flow reactor may be characterized in that flows in a plate apparatus, the rectangular channels with inserts meandered by the fluid, the connection adapter of the Anströmplatten have openings for the Fluidzufürrng and -ableitung and additional deflection chambers, so that the Flow path and the residence time of the fluid is increased significantly in an apparatus without increasing the physical dimensions of the apparatus.

In one embodiment, attachments may be enclosed by their own surrounding rectangular channel, rectangular channels of inserts and attachments intersect at different levels, and rectangular channels may be routed into slot-shaped openings of the attachment plates where they are sealed to the housing.

Another rectangular channel for receiving drawable attachments, wherein the rectangular channel has the same construction features as that for the inserts, allows the energy exchange of material flows in both flow areas backmixing by lead. It is particularly advantageous that the second flow region of the essays has a good cleaning ability by pulling the attachment layers over slit-shaped openings of the attachment plates.

Figur 1

den Plattenapparat im Längsschnitt

Figur 1.1

den Querschnitt des Plattenapparates

Figur 2

die Struktur einer Schicht des Einsatzes

Figur 2.1

einen Einsatz in Draufsicht

Figur 2.2

in vergrößerter Darstellung die Federlücke mit Verformungsweg

Figur 3, 3.1

eine weitere Ausführungsform der Schicht eines Einsatzes

Figur 4, 4.1

weitere Ausführungsformen von Schichteneinsätzen

Figur 5

die Schicht eines Aufsatzes in positionierter Lage

Figur 6

eine besondere Form der Führung- und Federstege mit Rücksprung

The invention will be explained with reference to exemplary embodiments, which will be described with reference to the following figures. It shows:

FIG. 1

the plate apparatus in longitudinal section

Figure 1.1

the cross section of the plate apparatus

FIG. 2

the structure of a layer of the insert

Figure 2.1

an insert in plan view

Figure 2.2

in an enlarged view the spring gap with deformation

FIG. 3, 3.1

another embodiment of the layer of an insert

FIG. 4, 4.1

further embodiments of layer inserts

FIG. 5

the layer of an attachment in a positioned position

FIG. 6

a special shape of the guide and spring bars with return

Example 1:

In the FIGS. 1 and 1, 1 The inventive disk apparatus is shown in its construction in a sectional view. It is the flow-through rectangular channel (1), consisting of upper and lower, straight undeformed width wall (2,3) and left and right side wall (4,5) to recognize.

The side walls are covered by the width walls above and below, the width walls being thinner than the side walls. Wide. and side walls of the rectangular channel are non-releasable and gas-tight connected by non-illustrated, welds or solder joints, so that the rectangular channel for a fluid in the flow direction (6) can be flowed through over the entire longitudinal extent of the rectangular channel. Depending on the design, it may be advantageous to use a single very wide rectangular channel, or as in Figure 1.1 shown to position several narrower rectangular channels next to each other, with associated essays (8) are guided over all rectangular channels in a plane.

The interior of the rectangular channel is filled with a removable insert (7) consisting of two layers (200) whose outer geometric dimensions fill the interior of the rectangular channel and stabilize the position of the membrane-like width walls (2, 3), so that a To prevent deformation inward under external load.

On the outer width walls, over its entire width and length, attachments (8) are shown, the surface contact with the rectangular channel, in particular to the width wall and the width plate (12,13) and are loosely placed. The figures show layers (300) of the attachments (8). The height of the attachments ends at the inner surface of the width plate of the housing. In addition, the loosely mounted attachments are chambered by top plates (14, 15) and face plates (10, 11) of the housing. So that the rectangular channel with lying essays on all sides by a tight-fitting housing (9) is enclosed.

The housing has front and rear Anströmplatte (10,11), upper and lower width plate (12, 13), with tempering chamber (23), and lateral attachment plates (14, 15) with openings (16), all housing parts are insoluble with each other connected to take pending forces from the innern of the housing. In the Anströmplatten slot-shaped openings (17) are incorporated, there protrude the rectangular channels in order to be there also inseparable and tightly connected to the housing. Usually, the permanent joints are made by known methods such as welding and brazing.

In this disk apparatus, only the outer casing is formed as a pressure-bearing member. The fluid supply and discharge to the rectangular channel via detachable connection adapter (19, 20) of the Anströmplatten and the fluid supply of the essays via detachable connection adapter (21, 22) of the side attachment plates. Detachable connecting elements of the connection adapter, for example, screws or clamp connectors, they are not shown in the figure. Also, corresponding seals of the detachable components are not shown, here, for example, flat gaskets, O-rings or metallic seals can be used.

In the interior of the housing, two separate flow regions (6, 18) intersect, the energy prevailing in the flow regions can be exchanged over the thin width walls of the rectangular channels, while pressure forces occurring are conducted from the flow regions via attachments to the housing and accommodated there.

The illustrated tempering channel (23) on the width plates serves to reduce temperature differences between the rectangular channel and the housing and can serve as a compensator replacement. It is also possible, instead, to provide a compensator to compensate for different temperature expansions.

Example 2

In FIGS. 2 and 2.1 is a structured layer (200) of an insert (7) with parallel spring bar (202) and guide web (204) to see. Spring bar (202) and guide bar (204) are connected to a connecting web (203), and predominantly from the guide web (204) a plurality of intermediate webs (205), for example, at an angle a of 45 degrees directed to the spring bar (202) extend and in the Extension a spring gap (206) with a forming spring travel (207) connects. Gaps (201) are present between connecting webs and intermediate webs, so that when the second layer (200, 200 ') is superimposed on one another, webs and gaps intersect and the insert consisting of at least two layers for a fluid can flow through.

From a portion of the spring bar in extension in the inflow of the fluid and from a portion of the guide bar in the Ausströmzone of the fluid several differently long support webs (208) protrude into the flow area and end there and have no spring gap with travel and only a support function to the width of the wall Take over rectangular channels.

In Figure 2.1 It can clearly be seen that the rectangular channel (1) is completely filled with its geometry by the support webs (208) in both end regions and the width walls are fully supported under load.

The Figure 2.2 shows a section, in particular, the spring gap (206) and the resulting deformation path (207) can be clearly seen.

Example 3

In the FIG. 3 and FIG. 3.1 an exemplary embodiment of a layer of an insert is shown, but over the entire layer length distributed a plurality of connecting webs (203) are present and the layer as a whole stabilized in particular in the longitudinal extent to facilitate installation in the rectangular channel. Furthermore, the spring gap (206, 206 ') and the associated deformation path have been varied, so that different deformation paths (207, 207') are incorporated in a layer structure, and as a result large unevenness and geometric deviations during insertion can also be suppressed. As shown in the figure, the spring gaps and deformation paths can also be arranged on both sides in the layer plane in order to achieve maximum flexibility.

In Figure 3.1 two layers are superimposed, which together form a flow-through insert.

Example 4

FIGS. 4 and 4.1 shows a particular embodiment of a particularly broad structured layer (200) for the formation of an insert, for example, two geometries are integrally combined in one layer, so that the guide web (204) is mounted centrally. The geometric structure of each permeable side corresponds for example to the FIG. 2 , it forms in the middle of the guide bar (204) and two outer spring bars (202). Thus, a very wide and long layer with the shape of a thin plate can be stabilized and made easy to install. Also, changing inserts for cleaning operations can be simplified. The FIG. 4 . 1 shows two superposed layers (200, 200 ') FIG. 4 to form an insert.

Example 5

FIG. 5 shows an example of the layer structure (300) of an essay in a mounting situation with surrounding housing plates (11, 14, 15). Outer guide (304) and spring bars (302) are connected to the connecting web (303) and perform dual functions with respect to the guide and the spring. Due to the chambered installation position of the layers of an essay Support webs (308) and intermediate webs (305) each spring gaps and associated spring travel. In particular, it is ensured that width walls of the rectangular channels are well supported by essays and layers of the essays can also be used under slight tension between the housing plates (14,15) in the flow direction (18).

Example 6

In FIG. 6 For example, as shown here, the spring bar has recesses 209 to minimize friction surface and thus frictional force to the side wall 4 of the rectangular channel upon insertion of the inserts.

designations

1

rectangular duct

2.3

Upper width wall

4.5

Left and right side wall

6

Flow direction through rectangular channel and inserts

7

Calls

8th

Essays

9

Surrounding housing

10, 11

Front and rear face plate of the housing

12, 13

Upper and lower width plate of the housing

14, 15

Side attachment plate of the housing

16

Opening the side plate

17

Slot-shaped opening of the Anströmplatten

18

Direction of flow through attachments

19, 20

Connection adapter of the flow plates

21, 22

Connection adapter for attachment plates

23

tempering

200

Layers of inserts

201

Gaps of layers of inserts

202

Spring bar of the layers of inserts

203

Connecting bridge of the layers of inserts

204

Guide bar of the layers of inserts

205

Gutter of layers of inserts

206

Spring gap of the layers of inserts

207

Deformation path of layers of inserts

208

supporting webs

209

return

300

Layers of the essays

301

Gaps of the layers of essays

302

Spring bar of the layers of towers

303

Connecting web of the layers of essays

304

Guide bar of the layers of essays

305

Gutter of the layers of essays

306

Spring gap of the layers of essays

307

Deformation path of the layers of papers

308

support webs

Claims (16)

1. Plate apparatus for heat transfer, which comprises at least one rectangular channel (1), through which a fluid can flow and which has an upper and a lower smooth, in particular planar, straight undeformed broad wall (2, 3) and a left and a right side wall (4, 5), wherein the broad walls are thinner than the side walls, the walls of the at least one rectangular channel are connected undetachably and gastightly to one another and the at least one rectangular channel can be flowed through in its linear extent by a fluid in the direction of flow (6), wherein the broad walls and the side walls together form a cross section through which a fluid can flow and the inside width of which in relation to the inside height is greater than 20 to less than 1000 and wherein the interior space of the at least one rectangular channel is fitted with at least one single-part or multi-part insert (7) which can be withdrawn, through which a flow can pass, which is in surface-area contact with at least one rectangular channel and the outer geometrical extents of which fill the interior space of the at least one rectangular channel, and wherein at least one single-part or multi-part outsert (8) through which a flow can pass is loosely placed on an outer broad wall, over the entire widthwise and linear extent thereof, in surface-area contact with the at least one rectangular channel and/or housing, and wherein the at least one rectangular channel is surrounded together with the at least one outsert on all sides by a closely fitting housing (9), wherein the housing comprises front and rear flow plates (10, 11), an upper and a lower broad plate (12, 13) parallel to the broad walls of the at least one rectangular channel and outsert plates (14, 15) with openings (16), slit-shaped openings (17) are present in the flow plates for receiving rectangular channels and all of the housing plates are undetachably connected to one another, wherein the at least one rectangular channel protrudes into the slit-shaped opening of the flow plates and is likewise connected there, and thereby forms an outwardly sealed housing, which has inside separate flow regions, and wherein furthermore compressive forces occurring are transferred from the flow regions to the housing by way of surface-area contacts, and the fluid flow regions (6, 18) separated in the housing lie one over the other, and the directions of through-flow of inserts and outserts cross one another at an angle of 90 degrees in different planes that are offset in height, and the housing has detachable connection adapters for the flow plates (19, 20) and connection adapters for the outsert plates (21, 22), in order to allow a feed and discharge of fluids, and wherein furthermore the through-flow withdrawable inserts (7) and the placed-on outserts (8) comprise at least two straight structured layers (200, 300), which are not deformed in the plane of the layers and the structure of which is formed by rectangular functional webs and gaps (201, 301), wherein the layers fill the associated through-flow space with their geometrical extents and, as a result, support the inner and outer surfaces of the thin broad walls by way of surface-area contacts of the webs, wherein each structured layer has in its linear extent at least one resilient and/or deformable spring web (202, 302), running parallel to the side wall (4, 5) or the end plate, and the spring web is connected by at least one connecting web (203, 303) to the parallelrunning guiding web (204, 304) in the plane of the layers, and a multiplicity of shorter intermediate webs (205, 305) run from the guiding web and/or the spring web to the opposite parallel spring web, and intermediate webs have as a straight continuation of their extent a spring gap (206, 306) with a deformation path (207, 307) and limit a deformation of the spring web, and in the inflow and outflow zones for the fluids a multiplicity of supporting webs (208, 308) of different lengths protrude into the flow region and the webs have surface-area contact on one side with the broad wall and/or with the broad plate and surface-area contact on one side with neighbouring webs of neighbouring layers in order to direct compressive forces that are present into the surrounding outer housing, wherein connecting, intermediate and supporting webs of layers of the inserts and outserts have an angle of inclination α in relation to the respective main direction of flow of 10 to 70 degrees and in each case one of the two layers of inserts and outserts is turned about its own longitudinal axis of the linear extent by 180 degrees and placed on the other layer, whereby the existing angle of inclination α of the webs alternates, as a result of which webs cross one another and form portions that can be flowed through by a fluid and have little back-mixing.
2. Plate apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the contact areas of the rectangular webs (203, 205, 208, 303, 305, 308) and the associated gaps (201, 301) of inserts (7) and outserts (8) are of different widths.
3. Plate apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that inserts (7) and outserts (8) have different heights in order to create flow regions with little pressure loss.
4. Plate apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outserts (8) have at least two structured layers (300) placed one over the other, the layers (300) have connecting webs (303), shorter intermediate webs (305) and supporting webs (308), which are inclined in relation to the respective main direction of flow, are at an angle α of 10 degrees to 45 degrees and preferably at an angle α of 30 degrees to 45 degrees in relation to the direction of flow (18), and the spring gaps (308) that are in a continuation of the extent of the intermediate webs (305) and have a deformation path (307) end at the inner housing surface (11, 14, 15) and/or at neighbouring outsert layers (300), and the guiding web (304) running parallel to the spring web (302) assumes the function of a second, longer spring web (302).
5. Plate apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each structured layer (200, 300) has in its linear extent resilient, deformable spring webs (202, 302) running parallel on both sides and the spring webs (202, 302) are connected by at least three connecting webs (203, 303) in the plane of the layers, and a multiplicity of shorter intermediate webs (205, 305) run rectilinearly from the lateral spring web (202, 302) between the connecting webs (203, 303) in the direction of flow (6, 18) to the opposite spring web (202, 302), and a spring gap (206, 306), which limits the deformation path (207, 307) of the spring web (202, 302), is created as a straight continuation of the extent of the intermediate web (205, 305) to the opposite spring web (202, 302), and portions in which the spring gaps (206, 306) are of different widths are created between the connecting webs (203, 303).
6. Plate apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that layers (300) of the outserts (8) are placed loosely between rectangular channels (1) and/or housings (9), and a multiplicity of layers placed next to one another and one over the other completely support the broad wall (2, 3) of the rectangular channel (1) in the linear extent under internal pressure loading, the moving space of the layers (300) of the outserts (8) is completely confined by closely fitting outsert plates (14, 15), flow plates (10, 11) and rectangular channels (1), the maximum moving space corresponds to the deformation path (307) of the spring gap (306) and the layers (300) of the outserts (8) are not removable, so that the deformation path (307) is greater than 0 to 10 mm, preferably greater than 0 to 3 mm and particularly preferably greater than 0 to less than 1 mm.
7. Plate apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one outsert plate (14, 15) is detachably designed and has openings, in order to make layers (300) of the outserts (8) interchangeable.
8. Plate apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that through-flow outserts (8) between the rectangular channel (1) and/or the housing (9) are operated with a higher process pressure than through-flow rectangular channels (1), and the gaps (201) of the webs (203, 205, 208) in the layers (200) of the inserts (7) have a smaller spacing from one another than that of the outserts (8).
9. Plate apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outserts (8) are enclosed by a surrounding rectangular channel of their own, rectangular channels (1) of inserts (7) and rectangular channels of outserts (8) cross one another in different planes and rectangular channels of outserts are guided in slit-shaped openings of the outsert plates (14, 15) and are tightly connected there to the housing.
10. Plate apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that inserts (7) in the rectangular channels (1) and outserts (8) in surface-area contact with the broad wall (2, 3) of the rectangular channel (1) consist of planar, non-deformed plates or sheets which are structured in the direction of through-flow (6) by at least one incorporated series of gaps in the longitudinal extent of the rectangular channel (1), the widthwise extents of the gaps (201) of the inserts (7) in the respective plane of the plate or plane of the sheet are shorter than an imaginary line, running parallel to the gap, between the inner delimiting side walls (4, 5) of the rectangular channel (1), and webs (205), running parallel to the gap, between the side walls (4, 5) of the rectangular channel (1) have a spring path (207), in order to compensate for production-related inaccuracies in the widthwise extent of the rectangular channel (1).
11. Plate apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that inserts (7) and outserts (8) consist of at least two planar, structured and turned layers (200, 300) placed one over the other, and the webs running at the angle α cross one another and in the crossing portion form rectangular force-transmission areas, from which the forces occurring from the interior space of the rectangular channel (1) are directed at right angles to the outer enclosing and force-receiving housing (9).
12. Plate apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that crossing webs (205, 305) are formed by crossing planar, two-dimensional portions, which are distinguished by the fact that within the flow regions a multiplicity of small force-transmitting areas form in a distributed manner and the spacing of the force-transmitting areas of inserts (7) and outserts (8) are of the same or different sizes, in order to prevent a deformation of the broad walls (2, 3) of the rectangular channels (1).
13. Plate apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, for the heat transfer and for carrying out chemical reactions, inserts (7) in the rectangular channels (1) are coated with a catalytically active substance, or inserts (7) consist of catalytically active materials, in order to control or accelerate a chemical reaction in the reactor.
14. Use of the plate apparatus according to one of the preceding claims as a flow reactor, characterized in that the reactor has at least one rectangular channel (1) with inserts (7), associated outserts (8) and an enclosing housing (9), and fed into the rectangular channel (1) are liquids and/or gases, which are intensively mixed in the rectangular channel (1) by inserts (7) and react with one another in order to form a new chemical substance.
15. Plate apparatus according to one of the preceding Claims 1-13, characterized in that it comprises multiple rectangular channels (1) with inserts (7).
16. Method for operating a plate apparatus for heat transfer according to Claim 15, characterized in that the rectangular channels (1) are flowed through by the fluid in a meandering manner, the connection adapters (19, 20) of the flow plates (10, 11) have at least one opening (17) for the fluid feed and/or discharge and additional deflecting chambers, such that the flow path and the dwell time of the fluid in an apparatus is significantly increased without increasing the structural dimensions of the apparatus.

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