EP1481574B1 - Procede de fabrication d'un element electrode pour chalumeau a plasma - Google Patents

Procede de fabrication d'un element electrode pour chalumeau a plasma Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1481574B1
EP1481574B1 EP03729808A EP03729808A EP1481574B1 EP 1481574 B1 EP1481574 B1 EP 1481574B1 EP 03729808 A EP03729808 A EP 03729808A EP 03729808 A EP03729808 A EP 03729808A EP 1481574 B1 EP1481574 B1 EP 1481574B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
core
metal
work function
alloy
electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03729808A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1481574A2 (fr
Inventor
Volker Krink
Frank Laurisch
Wolfram MÖHLER
Gerd Lotze
Helmut LÖBL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Kjellberg Finsterwalde Plasma und Maschinen GmbH
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Kjellberg Finsterwalde Plasma und Maschinen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV, Kjellberg Finsterwalde Plasma und Maschinen GmbH filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of EP1481574A2 publication Critical patent/EP1481574A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1481574B1 publication Critical patent/EP1481574B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3442—Cathodes with inserted tip

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a manufacturing method for electrode elements for plasma torches.
  • Such an electrode element is particularly suitable for plasma cutting, in which oxygen is used as plasma gas.
  • the high thermal stress through temperatures up to 50,000 Kelvin requires a suitable design and a suitable selection of the materials used for such an electrode.
  • electrodes consisting essentially of hafnium, having a melting temperature in the range of 2220 ° C used.
  • Hafnium has a low work function, unlike many other electrically conductive metals, making it particularly suitable for use.
  • pin-shaped hafnium electrodes are used with a copper mount and thereby exploited the high thermal and electrical conductivity of the copper.
  • the prior art uses silver or a silver alloy.
  • Silver also has good thermal and electrical conductivities and higher work function.
  • oxide formation is lower with silver over copper at higher temperatures.
  • EP 0 437 915 A2 A similar solution is also out EP 0 437 915 A2 known.
  • a cathode-forming insert made of a metal or a metal alloy with lower work function of a sleeve of a metal or metal alloy with higher work function present, which are metallurgically connected to each other.
  • An analogous electrode is also made EP 1 272 013 A2 known.
  • an element is encased as a cathode of a metal or metal alloy with low work function of a metal (Ag, Au, Cu, Al) or a metal alloy with a higher work function sleeve-shaped.
  • a cylindrical receptacle for the element can be formed in the sleeve-shaped element by drilling or by extrusion.
  • EP 0 334 981 A1 is a material for electrodes disclosed.
  • the electrode element produced according to the invention for the plasma torch in question has at least one core of a metal or a metal alloy with a smaller work function than a metal or a metal alloy, from which / a shell part enclosing the at least one core is formed, wherein the one or more Also, several core (s) form the actual electrode connected as a cathode.
  • a boundary layer formed in graded form which is formed from mixed crystals of the respective metals or metal alloys.
  • an intermediate layer between the core surface and the cladding part material is formed from a further metal or metal alloy having a larger work function than that of the core material, wherein the intermediate layer in the direction of core and cladding part in each case a graded transition in Form forms of appropriately trained boundary layers.
  • the core hafnium or a hafnium alloy can be used, wherein the proportion of alloy components should be kept relatively small.
  • hafnium or its alloys but also tungsten, zirconium or tantalum or alloys of these elements can be used as core materials.
  • a preferred material for the shell part is copper or a copper alloy.
  • the intermediate layer can again be formed from silver or a silver alloy.
  • each forming graded transitions of the different materials are in the known from the prior art solutions, such as in the in EP 0 980 197 A2 described does not exist, because this is constructive and manufacturing conditionally not possible.
  • the electrode elements according to the invention can be produced simply and inexpensively by a shaping and joining method utilizing compressive forces (pressing forces), wherein the corresponding boundary layers with the graded transitions can be formed without additional technological process steps.
  • the production takes place by extrusion.
  • the shell part and / or an intermediate layer corresponding rod, wire or sleeve-shaped elements of the respective metals or metal alloys can be used, which then by extrusion to form an electrode element according to the invention be deformed.
  • the respective metal or metal alloy in powder form for these elements.
  • the use of powdery, for example silver is particularly favorable.
  • the space between a sleeve-shaped copper part and at least one core forming rod or wire-shaped element can be filled with a silver powder and the corresponding intermediate layer can form with a respective graded transition towards the core surface and in the direction of the shell part due to the compressive forces acting during extrusion ,
  • a mixing zone which can be achieved by the individual grains of the powder starting material, of the respective two metals or metal alloys is formed, which is homogeneous over the entire available area.
  • the core and shell part also corresponding powder.
  • the starting powders used can then by means of a pressing process, preferably by cold isostatic pressing individually or successively successively to precursors, which ensure sufficient strength for the subsequent extrusion process, and subsequently formed by extrusion molding an inventive electrode element.
  • the one or more core (s) can be used as a precursor rod-shaped elements having a circular cross-section.
  • elements whose cross sections are cross-shaped or star-shaped can also be used to form the cores forming the actual electrodes.
  • Such an element may then have three or more webs, which are each aligned at equal angular intervals to each other, and it is thereby achievable an enlargement of the respective transitional surfaces with the associated low electrical and thermal contact resistance between the core and shell part or intermediate layer.
  • a core can also be formed from a plurality of wire-shaped elements twisted together, similar to frequently used in electrical lines strands.
  • a core thus formed by twisting wire-shaped elements also increases the contact area and at the same time the advantageous gradation effect.
  • an electrode element according to the invention it is advantageous to arrange them discretely and equidistant from one another, wherein they are embedded in the sheath part material, optionally with the interposition of an intermediate layer.
  • a Preheating Before extruding a Preheating be carried out to a temperature of at least 400 ° C, in particular to reduce the stress of the extrusion die.
  • a preheating also has a favorable effect on the formation of mixed crystals or diffusion processes, which can thus take place with great certainty in the simultaneously acting relatively high pressure forces during the extrusion.
  • An inventive electrode element has by the intimate bond with the graded transitions of the various metals or metal alloys of the individual elements low thermal and electrical contact resistance, so that the problem of current corrosion counteracted and the life can be significantly increased. Consequently, not only the manufacturing cost of the electrode elements per se, but also the operating costs of a suitably equipped plasma torch at the end user are significantly reduced.
  • the electrode elements produced by the method according to the invention in which intermediate layers of silver or silver alloys are used, can be produced more cost-effectively, since such intermediate layers can be formed with significantly lower layer thickness, so that the costly use of silver can be reduced accordingly.
  • a sleeve-shaped copper element can be used for the formation of a jacket part.
  • at least one rod-shaped element made of, for example, hafnium can be introduced over the entire length of the copper sleeve, into the interior of which.
  • such a copper sleeve has an outside diameter of, for example 12 mm and the free cross-section inside such a copper sleeve have a diameter of 1.5 mm.
  • An electrode element thus obtained must then be used only in a corresponding plasma torch, wherein such a plasma torch can also be formed so that a certain, arranged in the interior of a plasma tor part of such an electrode element can be flowed around directly by a cooling medium for dissipating heat.
  • hafnium wires can be introduced into such a copper sleeve, wherein Kupferhülseninnen penmesser and the largest extent of such Kernvoriatas should be dimensioned so that a fillable with a silver powder or a silver powder alloy gap remains.
  • Such a silver powder forming an intermediate layer should as far as possible also be used if a core with a non-rotationally symmetrical cross-sectional shape or a sleeve-shaped core is to be formed.
  • a rod-shaped element made of hafnium on its outer surface in the direction of the jacket part material with a layer formed essentially of silver powder.
  • a powder can for example be applied in the form of a suspension and For example, solidified by a pressing process on the surface of the rod-shaped Hafniumimplantations or subjected to sintering.
  • the suspension containing the silver powder can then also contain an organic binder which can be expelled thermally during sintering.
  • a rod-shaped element provided with such a silver layer can then be reinserted into a sleeve-shaped copper element and an electrode element according to the invention produced by extrusion molding.
  • the electrode element according to the invention can also be further developed in that by forming a corresponding contour, wherein preferably an external thread can be selected to be able to connect this with a sleeve-shaped element.
  • a sleeve-shaped element which is preferably made of copper, can then be reused several times and so it is only an exchange of the correspondingly smaller dimensioned electrode element in more or less large intervals required.
  • the electrode element is simply screwed in or out with the thread formed on its outer circumferential surface, as an outline shape, into a sleeve-shaped element.
  • the element according to the invention can also be designed and manufactured such that a cavity open on one side has been formed inside the shell part.
  • This cavity can be connected to the filling system of a plasma torch be placed in communication, so that the cooling medium, preferably water for heat dissipation can get directly into this cavity.
  • the formation of such a cavity can be formed by a scrub profilef doublpressen.
  • This process can also be used to avoid machining.
  • the backward extrusion is a subsequent processing step on an electrode element whose fabrication has been previously described.
  • an electrode element is prepared as a precursor, which is shorter in length than the finished electrode element with the cavity and in its outer diameter is larger than this.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'un élément d'électrode pour un chalumeau à plasma comportant une partie en forme de douille formant une partie de gainage, constituée d'un métal ou d'un alliage de métal avec un travail de sortie élevé et une conductibilité électrique thermique élevée, dans lequel au moins un élément de coeur formant l'électrode en fait connectée en tant que cathode, constitué d'un métal ou d'un alliage de métal est mis en place avec un travail de sortie inférieur,
    caractérisé en ce que l'élément d'électrode est fabriqué par extrusion après un préchauffage à au moins 400 °C.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que, avant l'extrusion, la cavité entre la partie en forme de douille et l'élément de coeur est remplie pour former une couche intermédiaire avec un autre métal pulvérulent ou un alliage de métal ayant un travail de sortie supérieur à celui du matériau de coeur et une conductibilité thermique et électrique supérieure à celle du matériau de coeur.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que, pour former un coeur, plusieurs éléments filiformes sont torsadés ensemble.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la cavité d'un élément de coeur en forme de douille est remplie, avant l'extrusion, avec une poudre d'un métal ou d'un alliage de métal ayant un travail de sortie supérieur à celui du matériau de coeur.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la partie de gainage, le coeur et/ou la couche intermédiaire constitués d'une poudre forment, au moyen d'un procédé de pressage, chacun un produit préliminaire ou un produit préliminaire commun, et sont fabriqués à partir d'un ou plusieurs produits préliminaires par extrusion de l'élément d'électrode.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le/les produit(s) préliminaire(s) est/sont fabriqué(s) par pressage isostatique à froid.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que sur la surface de gainage externe de la partie de gainage, un contour est formé pour une connexion à forme finale avec une partie en cuivre en forme de douille.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7,
    caractérisé en ce que, à l'intérieur de la partie de gainage, une cavité ouverte d'un côté est formée par extrusion en arrière.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la couche frontière entre la surface de coeur et la partie de gainage est formée avec des gradations de cristaux mixtes des deux métaux ou alliages de métaux.
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que une couche intermédiaire de la surface de coeur et de la partie de gainage, constituée d'un autre métal ou alliage de métal avec un travail de sortie supérieur formant le matériau de coeur, est formée de couches frontières ayant des transitions graduées.
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que de l'hafnium ou un alliage d'hafnium est utilisé pour la fabrication du coeur.
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que du tungstène, du zirconium, du tantale ou un alliage de ces éléments est utilisé pour la fabrication du coeur.
  13. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que de l'argent ou un alliage d'argent est utilisé pour la couche intermédiaire.
  14. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que le coeur est fabriqué avec une section transversale en forme de couronne circulaire, en forme d'étoile, ou en forme de croix.
  15. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode est fabriquée avec plusieurs coeurs agencés séparément.
EP03729808A 2002-03-06 2003-03-05 Procede de fabrication d'un element electrode pour chalumeau a plasma Expired - Lifetime EP1481574B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10210421A DE10210421B4 (de) 2002-03-06 2002-03-06 Elektrodenelement für Plasmabrenner sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung
DE10210421 2002-03-06
PCT/DE2003/000763 WO2003075621A2 (fr) 2002-03-06 2003-03-05 Element electrode pour chalumeau a plasma et procede de fabrication

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1481574A2 EP1481574A2 (fr) 2004-12-01
EP1481574B1 true EP1481574B1 (fr) 2008-12-17

Family

ID=27771139

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03729808A Expired - Lifetime EP1481574B1 (fr) 2002-03-06 2003-03-05 Procede de fabrication d'un element electrode pour chalumeau a plasma

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7098422B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1481574B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE418258T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2003240381A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10210421B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003075621A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7112759B1 (en) * 2005-06-07 2006-09-26 The Esab Group, Inc. Plasma torch with interchangeable electrode systems
US8101882B2 (en) * 2005-09-07 2012-01-24 Hypertherm, Inc. Plasma torch electrode with improved insert configurations
DE102009058831A1 (de) * 2009-12-18 2011-07-14 Holma Ag Elektrode für einen Plasmabrenner
US9949356B2 (en) 2012-07-11 2018-04-17 Lincoln Global, Inc. Electrode for a plasma arc cutting torch
CN112996208B (zh) * 2019-12-16 2023-07-07 新奥科技发展有限公司 一种等离子体炬阴极及其制备方法
CN113053705B (zh) * 2021-02-05 2022-05-10 浙江大学 一种耐电弧烧蚀的铪铜复合电极及其制备方法

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5041711A (en) * 1985-10-04 1991-08-20 Hobie Holding, Inc. Spot welding electrode
JPS63199842A (ja) * 1987-02-14 1988-08-18 Toho Kinzoku Kk 電極材料
US5004888A (en) * 1989-12-21 1991-04-02 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Plasma torch with extended life electrodes
US5023425A (en) * 1990-01-17 1991-06-11 Esab Welding Products, Inc. Electrode for plasma arc torch and method of fabricating same
JPH07130490A (ja) * 1993-11-02 1995-05-19 Komatsu Ltd プラズマトーチ
US5767478A (en) 1997-01-02 1998-06-16 American Torch Tip Company Electrode for plasma arc torch
US6130399A (en) * 1998-07-20 2000-10-10 Hypertherm, Inc. Electrode for a plasma arc torch having an improved insert configuration
US6020572A (en) * 1998-08-12 2000-02-01 The Esab Group, Inc. Electrode for plasma arc torch and method of making same
US6420673B1 (en) * 2001-02-20 2002-07-16 The Esab Group, Inc. Powdered metal emissive elements

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE418258T1 (de) 2009-01-15
US20050161443A1 (en) 2005-07-28
AU2003240381A1 (en) 2003-09-16
DE10210421B4 (de) 2007-11-22
DE10210421A1 (de) 2003-10-02
US7098422B2 (en) 2006-08-29
DE50310929D1 (de) 2009-01-29
WO2003075621A3 (fr) 2003-11-13
EP1481574A2 (fr) 2004-12-01
WO2003075621A2 (fr) 2003-09-12

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