EP1478834A1 - Verfahren zur einstellung einer definierten sauerstoffbeladung mit binärer lambdaregelung zur durchführung der abgaskatalysatordiagnose - Google Patents
Verfahren zur einstellung einer definierten sauerstoffbeladung mit binärer lambdaregelung zur durchführung der abgaskatalysatordiagnoseInfo
- Publication number
- EP1478834A1 EP1478834A1 EP04702313A EP04702313A EP1478834A1 EP 1478834 A1 EP1478834 A1 EP 1478834A1 EP 04702313 A EP04702313 A EP 04702313A EP 04702313 A EP04702313 A EP 04702313A EP 1478834 A1 EP1478834 A1 EP 1478834A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- lambda
- factor
- control
- oxygen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1454—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/0295—Control according to the amount of oxygen that is stored on the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1477—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the regulation circuit or part of it,(e.g. comparator, PI regulator, output)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1493—Details
- F02D41/1495—Detection of abnormalities in the air/fuel ratio feedback system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/08—Exhaust gas treatment apparatus parameters
- F02D2200/0814—Oxygen storage amount
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/08—Exhaust gas treatment apparatus parameters
- F02D2200/0816—Oxygen storage capacity
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1454—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio
- F02D41/1456—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio with sensor output signal being linear or quasi-linear with the concentration of oxygen
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for setting a defined oxygen load with binary lambda control for carrying out the exhaust gas catalytic converter diagnosis.
- the invention further relates to a control device that can be used to set a defined oxygen load.
- catalysts Exhaust gas catalysts for motor vehicles, hereinafter simply referred to as catalysts, are subject to signs of aging. According to legislative requirements, it is necessary to check the function of catalytic converters in every driving cycle. The reliable functioning of catalysts is carried out by determining the oxygen storage capacity of the catalyst. The catalyst diagnosis runs over several lambda control periods, which coincide with catalyst diagnosis cycles. In order to have the lowest possible scatter of individual diagnostic cycles, a specific oxygen loading of the catalytic converter that is repeatable in each of the control cycles caused by the regulation is important.
- this defined oxygen loading can be achieved with a defined forced excitation.
- Cyclic deviations from the stoichiometric lambda setpoint are set, with half-periods alternating with lean and rich exhaust gas.
- the oxygen storage of the catalytic converter is filled by storing excess oxygen
- the oxygen storage of the catalytic converter is emptied by using oxygen for the oxidation of exhaust gas components.
- the current oxygen input is positive if excess oxygen is stored in the catalyst; he is nega- tiv if the oxygen missing for oxidation reactions in the rich exhaust gas is removed from the catalytic converter (if it was previously saved).
- the control is based on feedback from the lambda probe that the exhaust gases correspond to a rich or lean mixture.
- a lambda probe signal which indicates a fuel mixture that is too rich, the fuel quantity is continuously leaned, the oxygen used for oxidation reactions being removed from the catalytic converter. The emaciation continues until the lambda probe signal changes and indicates a fuel mixture that is too lean, the excess oxygen being stored in the catalytic converter. Then there is a short dwell time with which slight lambda shifts, i.e. different reaction times of the lambda probe can be compensated. This is followed by a so-called p jump (proportional jump) of the lambda controller factor in the enrichment direction and the fuel mixture is then continuously enriched until the binary one
- Lambda sensor indicates that the fuel mixture is too rich. This is followed by a corresponding dwell time and a p jump in the lambda control factor in the leaning direction. This control cycle is repeated.
- the duration of the control cycle and the amplitude are essentially determined by the system transport delay and the reaction time of the lambda probe.
- the system transport delay is strongly dependent on the operating point of the engine.
- the oxygen loading of the catalyst is subject to changes which make it difficult to determine the efficiency of the catalyst.
- newer catalysts for fulfilling future emission limit values eg ULEV, LEV II
- ULEV, LEV II newer catalysts for fulfilling future emission limit values
- ULEV, LEV II have a higher oxygen storage capacity, so that a higher oxygen load is required for the catalyst efficiency diagnosis than occurs automatically in a control cycle.
- standard PI lambda controllers with extended dwell times are known in order to achieve a higher oxygen load.
- the oxygen loading is subject to strong scatter from control cycle to control cycle and is significantly dependent on the operating point.
- the individual cycles of the catalyst efficiency diagnosis are also subject to strong scatter, so that there is no sufficient selectivity between differently aged catalysts.
- a method for setting a defined oxygen load for carrying out the catalyst diagnosis is provided.
- the regulation of the catalytic converter causes control cycles.
- the catalyst diagnosis is carried out with a predetermined oxygen load per control cycle.
- a fuel mixture can be set rich or lean according to a lambda control factor.
- a rich or lean exhaust gas from the fuel mixture is detected, the lambda regulator factor being incrementally increased when a lean exhaust gas from the fuel mixture is determined and the lambda regulator factor being incrementally reduced when a rich exhaust gas from the fuel mixture is determined.
- the lambda control factor is changed by a p-grade value of the lambda control factor.
- the lambda regulator factor during a first loading time to a minimum regulator factor value and after a detected change from a lean exhaust gas to a rich exhaust gas of the fuel mixture, the lambda regulator factor during a second loading time set a maximum controller factor value.
- the minimum controller factor is determined by locally minimizing the controller factor value of the current control cycle, the maximum controller factor by a local maximum of the controller factor value of the current control cycle.
- the first and the second loading time are set such that the oxygen loading in each control cycle reaches the specific oxygen loading, ie the predetermined oxygen input or oxygen output depending on the half-cycle of the control cycle.
- the lambda control factor you can set the mixture rich or lean. If a rich exhaust gas is detected with the lambda probe, the lambda control factor is continuously reduced and the mixture is thus emaciated until the lambda probe detects a lean exhaust gas. This is followed by a dwell time during which the lambda control factor is stopped in order to compensate for the difference in the probe switching times or to implement a slight mixture shift, as in the case of a standard lambda controller. This is followed by an additional P-jump ⁇ P, also in the leaning direction of the lambda controller factor to the minimum controller factor value, which results from the maximum difference from the lambda controller factor mean value, so that the value of the predetermined oxygen loading is reached more quickly.
- the P jump takes place by the amount of the incremental reductions and the additional P jump ⁇ P in the direction of enrichment. Since a lean exhaust gas is detected on the lambda probe, the lambda control factor is now continuously increased and the fuel mixture is enriched until the lambda probe detects a rich exhaust gas. Then there is a dwell time to compensate for the difference in the probe switching times or to shift the mixture realize. Then there is an additional P jump in the enrichment direction, which is limited by the maximum difference to the lambda regulator factor mean value, so that the oxygen discharge — corresponding to the oxygen entry in the lean half-cycle — is realized more quickly.
- the lambda controller factor is reset by the sum of the P jumps carried out in the course of the respective half-period (standard P jump + ⁇ P jump).
- the lambda regulator factor is gradually increased or decreased, and the fuel mixture is thus leaned or enriched. It is preferably provided that the predetermined oxygen loading determined by the maximum
- Oxygen storage capacity of an aged catalyst is determined. In this way, the catalyst efficiency diagnosis can also be carried out for an aged catalyst with an oxygen loading of the catalyst which is repeatable in each control cycle and is dependent on the operating point.
- the minimum or the maximum controller factor value is preferably determined by the difference between the lambda controller factor and the lambda controller factor average value and is specified by the oxygen storage rate of the catalytic converter.
- the oxygen storage rate of the catalytic converter depends on the flow of the exhaust gases through the catalytic converter and the catalytic converter temperature and essentially describes the maximum amount of oxygen that can diffuse and be bound into the catalytic converter per unit of time.
- the controller factor value is thus set to a minimum or maximum value at which the oxygen diffusion speed is not exceeded and, as a result, measurable oxygen behind the catalytic converter, although the storage capacity has not been exceeded.
- the control device controls the composition of a fuel mixture, the control leading to control cycles.
- the control device can be connected to an injection system in order to set the fuel mixture rich or lean according to a lambda control factor.
- Lean or rich exhaust gas is detected using a sensor.
- the control device incrementally increases the lambda control factor when the exhaust gas is lean and incrementally reduces the lambda control factor with rich exhaust gas.
- the control device sets the lambda controller factor to a minimum controller factor value during a first loading time after a detected change from a rich exhaust gas to a lean exhaust gas of the fuel mixture, the controller factor value being set to an average value of the lambda controller factor after the first loading time has expired.
- the control device also sets the lambda control factor to a maximum control factor value during a second loading time after a change from a lean exhaust gas to a rich exhaust gas of the fuel mixture has been detected. After the second loading time has elapsed, the lambda controller factor is changed to an average value of the lambda controller factor by the control device.
- the first and the second loading time are determined in such a way that the oxygen loading, ie the oxygen input or output, reaches the predetermined maximum positive or negative oxygen loading in each control cycle.
- the control device has the advantage that it controls the fuel mixture in such a way that the oxygen loading is the same for each control cycle, so that reproducible oxygen loading over several control cycles enables a catalyst diagnosis that is less sensitive to faults and reproducible.
- the control device can preferably be operated in a diagnostic mode for carrying out the catalyst diagnosis and can be operated in a second operating mode in which the control device is known as the previously known standard PI
- Lambda controller regulates.
- the catalyst diagnosis merely represents an operating mode of an already provided control device, so that a change in the overall system with a control device, injection system, engine and catalytic converter does not essentially have to be changed in terms of design.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
- FIG. 1 shows a motor system with a control device according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- the engine system has a mixture generator 1, which provides an internal combustion engine 2 with a fuel mixture of air and fuel.
- the internal combustion engine 2 burns the fuel mixture and emits exhaust gases which are fed to a three-way catalytic converter 5.
- the exhaust gas emitted by the internal combustion engine 2 is passed via a lambda probe 4, which uses the exhaust gas composition to determine whether the mixture is richer or leaner than the stoichiometric fuel mixture.
- the lambda probe 4 is connected to a control device 3, so that a measured value measured by the lambda probe 4 is available as an input variable for the control device.
- the control device 3 is a binary controller which, as an input variable, only receives the information from the lambda probe as to whether the exhaust gas corresponds to a fuel mixture that is too rich or too lean.
- the control device 3 uses this to generate a manipulated value which is transmitted to the mixture generator 1.
- the manipulated variable is the lambda regulator factor, which indicates the factor by which the basic fuel mixture ratio specified by an injection system (not shown) is to be changed.
- a catalytic converter efficiency diagnosis can be carried out. For such an efficiency diagnosis, it is important that there is as little variation as possible between individual diagnostic cycles. This can be achieved by loading the catalyst with the same amount of oxygen in each control cycle. While the same oxygen loading can be achieved in the control cycles with linear lambda control with a defined forced excitation, this is not possible with binary lambda control.
- a binary lambda control regulates the mixture composition via the lambda control factor on the basis of a binary signal which is dependent on the lambda probe or the probe voltage U ⁇ and which indicates whether the fuel mixture is too rich or too lean, the control deviation not being known.
- FIG. 2 shows the time course of the lambda controller factor over time.
- the control device 3 is in normal operation, i.e. the lambda control is performed by a cyclical oscillation of the lambda controller factor around an average value, which is approximately at a lambda value of 1, i.e. corresponds to a stoichiometric average.
- the control cycles are referred to as a lean half-period when the lambda control factor is less than its mean value and as a fat half-period when the lambda control factor is greater than its mean value.
- the lambda control takes place by gradually increasing the lambda controller factor in the phase in which the lambda sensor reports lean exhaust gas, as a result of which the fuel mixture is increasingly enriched, i.e. the proportion of fuel in the fuel mixture is increasing. This is illustrated by the step-like increase in the lambda controller factor over time in the first time period T1. As soon as it is detected by the lambda probe 4 that the fuel mixture is too rich, the gradual increase in the lambda control factor is stopped.
- a first dwell time TDLY1 can be provided, during which after the detection of a change from the lean to the rich mixture and vice versa, the lambda -Controller factor is maintained before it is suddenly reset by a P jump.
- the lambda controller factor becomes continuous, i.e. gradually reduced, so that the fuel mixture is emaciated.
- the step-by-step reduction of the lambda control factor is stopped and, after a second dwell time TDLY2, the lambda control factor is jumped P.
- the second dwell time TDLY2 can be different from the dwell time TDLY1.
- a second time period T2 now shows the course of the lambda controller factor in a diagnostic mode in which the Functionality of the catalyst should be checked.
- a constant oxygen loading is necessary for all control cycles. This means that the change in oxygen loading should have essentially the same amount both in the lean half-periods and in the fat half-periods. It does not matter whether the change in oxygen loading is positive or negative.
- ⁇ soii is the mean value of the ⁇ controller over a period of the ⁇ controller oscillation and ⁇ should represent the course of the emaciation.
- the factor 23% results from the oxygen mass fraction in the air.
- ⁇ In the case of binary lambda control, the value of ⁇ is not directly known; ⁇ can be calculated from the lambda controller factor, which represents a multiplicative factor of the basic injection quantity.
- the lambda controller factor is inversely proportional to the ⁇ shift.
- the respective mean value is an average control intervention over a control cycle and corresponds to ⁇ ⁇ n
- ⁇ l -oS is the difference between the current value and the mean value of the lambda controller factor.
- FAC_L ⁇ M is the instantaneous multiplicative lambda controller factor
- FAC_LAM_MV is its mean value over the entire lambda controller period.
- the lambda regulator factor is reset by the sum of the lambda regulator factor changes that occurred during the gradual increases or decreases in the respective half-period and the additional P jump ⁇ P.
- the sum results from the sum of all incremental increases or decreases in the lambda controller factor, as well as the additional increase or decrease to the maximum difference or the minimum value of the lambda controller factor over the entire charge controller cycle.
- the catalytic converter is no longer able to buffer the ⁇ fluctuations caused by the control cycles with respect to the output of the catalytic converter, so that no fluctuations can be detected there, although the oxygen storage capacity of the catalytic converter has not yet been exhausted.
- the specific oxygen load that is used to carry out the catalyst efficiency diagnosis corresponds to the oxygen storage capacity that an aged catalyst has, which just barely meets the requirements according to the efficiency.
- the efficiency diagnosis is carried out with the aid of a ⁇ monitor probe (not shown), which is also a lambda probe, the monitor probe being fitted in the exhaust gas stream behind the catalytic converter 5.
- the monitor probe detects whether a constant lambda value is reached or whether the lambda value fluctuates according to the control cycles. If the lambda value measured by the monitor probe fluctuates, the checked catalytic converter does not have sufficient oxygen storage capacity and a defective or aged catalytic converter is detected.
- the lambda regulator factor is not set to a maximum or minimum value after detection of a change between a lean and rich fuel mixture, but that the lambda regulator factor is maintained until the predetermined oxygen load is reached.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10307010 | 2003-02-19 | ||
DE10307010A DE10307010B3 (de) | 2003-02-19 | 2003-02-19 | Verfahren zur Einstellung einer definierten Sauerstoffbeladung mit binärer Lambdaregelung zur Durchführung der Abgaskatalysatordiagnose |
PCT/EP2004/000272 WO2004074664A1 (de) | 2003-02-19 | 2004-01-15 | Verfahren zur einstellung einer definierten sauerstoffbeladung mit binärer lambdaregelung zur durchführung der abgaskatalysatordiagnose |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1478834A1 true EP1478834A1 (de) | 2004-11-24 |
EP1478834B1 EP1478834B1 (de) | 2007-12-26 |
Family
ID=32185988
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04702313A Expired - Fee Related EP1478834B1 (de) | 2003-02-19 | 2004-01-15 | Verfahren zur einstellung einer definierten sauerstoffbeladung mit binärer lambdaregelung zur durchführung der abgaskatalysatordiagnose |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7343734B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1478834B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10307010B3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004074664A1 (de) |
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JP2004176710A (ja) * | 2002-10-01 | 2004-06-24 | Toyota Motor Corp | 動力出力装置及びハイブリッド型の動力出力装置、それらの制御方法並びにハイブリッド車両 |
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2003
- 2003-02-19 DE DE10307010A patent/DE10307010B3/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2004
- 2004-01-15 US US10/510,648 patent/US7343734B2/en active Active
- 2004-01-15 EP EP04702313A patent/EP1478834B1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-01-15 DE DE502004005778T patent/DE502004005778D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-01-15 WO PCT/EP2004/000272 patent/WO2004074664A1/de active IP Right Grant
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Also Published As
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DE502004005778D1 (de) | 2008-02-07 |
WO2004074664A1 (de) | 2004-09-02 |
EP1478834B1 (de) | 2007-12-26 |
DE10307010B3 (de) | 2004-05-27 |
US7343734B2 (en) | 2008-03-18 |
US20050252196A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
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