EP1466336B1 - Procede pour determiner l'usure des contacts d'un appareil interrupteur - Google Patents

Procede pour determiner l'usure des contacts d'un appareil interrupteur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1466336B1
EP1466336B1 EP02799097A EP02799097A EP1466336B1 EP 1466336 B1 EP1466336 B1 EP 1466336B1 EP 02799097 A EP02799097 A EP 02799097A EP 02799097 A EP02799097 A EP 02799097A EP 1466336 B1 EP1466336 B1 EP 1466336B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contacts
wear
pole
electromagnet
switch appliance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02799097A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1466336A1 (fr
Inventor
Gilles Baurand
Jean-Christophe Cuny
Stéphane Delbaere
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication date
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Application filed by Schneider Electric Industries SAS filed Critical Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/0015—Means for testing or for inspecting contacts, e.g. wear indicator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H01H2071/044—Monitoring, detection or measuring systems to establish the end of life of the switching device, can also contain other on-line monitoring systems, e.g. for detecting mechanical failures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for determining the wear of pole contacts in a power switch device having one or more power poles, in particular in a contactor, a choke or discontactor, or a contactor-circuit breaker .
  • the invention also relates to a switch device capable of implementing such a method.
  • a switch device has fixed contacts and movable contacts on each power pole for switching an electrical load to be controlled.
  • the pads mounted on these contacts wear out more or less during each switching, depending on the load current or voltage. After a large number of switching maneuvers, this wear can lead to a failure of the switch device whose consequences can be important in terms of safety and availability.
  • a usual solution is to systematically change either the contacts or the entire switch device, after a predetermined number of maneuvers (for example a million maneuvers), without examining the actual wear of the pellets of contacts. This can therefore lead to late interventions if the pellets are already too worn or premature if the pellets are not yet sufficiently worn.
  • the residual life of contacts is determined by calculating a change in the contact pressure during a contact opening operation.
  • the change of contact pressure is determined by a measurement of the time between the initial moment of movement of the armature of the control electromagnet and the final instant of contact opening.
  • the initial moment is detected by an auxiliary circuit which analyzes the voltage across the electromagnet coil during the opening phase.
  • the final instant corresponds to the beginning of the opening of the contacts of the most used switching pole and is detected by connecting all the phases to a detection circuit and measuring the switching voltage as voltage variation at an artificial neutral point of the downstream power lines.
  • the present invention aims to determine as simply as possible the wear of the pole contacts of a switch device avoiding these disadvantages.
  • the invention describes a method for determining the wear of pole contacts in a switch device which comprises one or more power poles provided with contacts actuated by a control electromagnet whose movement between an open position and a closed position. is controlled by an excitation coil, the wear of the contacts being determined from a travel time of the wear stroke of the contacts.
  • the travel time of the wear race of the contacts is developed, during a closing movement of the electromagnet, by measuring at least one electrical signal representative of the conducting state of at least one pole of power, by measuring an excitation current flowing in the solenoid coil and calculating the time difference between the contact closure time, determined from said electrical signal, and the end time of the momentum movement. closure of the electromagnet determined from said excitation current.
  • the instant of closure of the contacts is determined by the appearance of the electrical signal when the pole becomes conductive, and the end of the closing movement of the electromagnet determined by the detection of a minimum of the excitation current.
  • the instant of closure of the contacts of each power pole is determined by the appearance of a main current flowing in the corresponding power pole switch device. According to another characteristic, the instant of closure of the contacts of a power pole is determined by the appearance, downstream of the contacts, of a phase / neutral voltage between the corresponding power pole and a neutral point. According to another characteristic, the instant of closure of the contacts of the power poles is determined by the appearance, downstream of the contacts, of a phase / phase voltage between two power poles.
  • the measured travel time of the wear stroke is used to determine the wear of the contacts from the drift of this measured travel time with respect to an initial travel time of the race.
  • wear memory stored in storage means of the switch device.
  • the wear of the contacts can also be determined from the comparison of the measured travel time of the wear stroke with an acceptable minimum travel time of the wear stroke stored in storage means of the switch device.
  • the invention also describes a switch device capable of implementing this method.
  • a switch device comprises first measuring means delivering at least one primary signal representative of the conducting state of at least one power pole, second measuring means delivering a secondary signal representative of an excitation current flowing in the coil of the electromagnet and a processing unit receiving the primary signal (s) and the secondary signal for carrying out the method.
  • the first measuring means are placed in series on current lines of the switch device, in order to measure the main currents flowing in the power poles.
  • the first measuring means are placed between downstream current lines and a neutral point of the switch device, in order to measure the phase / neutral voltages of the power poles.
  • the switch device comprises means for memorizing an initial travel time of the wear path of the contacts.
  • the processing unit calculates a measured travel time of the wear stroke of the contacts, and compares said measured travel time with the stored initial travel time, in order to determine a residual life of the contacts and / or to give end-of-life information beyond which the performance of the product is no longer guaranteed.
  • An electrical switch device for example of the contactor, contactor-breaker or choke type, comprises one or more power poles.
  • the switch device comprises three power poles P1, P2, P3.
  • the switch apparatus comprises upstream current lines (source lines), which establish the electrical continuity between the power supply network and the poles P1, P2, P3, and downstream power lines L1, L2, L3 (lines charging) which establish the electrical continuity between the poles of the switch device and an electrical load, usually an electric motor M, that it is desired to control and / or protect with the switch device.
  • the upstream current lines are connected or disconnected from the downstream current lines by pole contacts C1, C2, C3.
  • the contacts C1, C2, C3 comprise movable contacts disposed on a movable bridge 28 and fixed contacts.
  • the movable bridge 28 is actuated by a control electromagnet 20 and a contact pressure spring 25.
  • the control electromagnet 20 comprises a fixed yoke, a movable armature 23, a return spring 26 and an excitation coil 21.
  • the moving armature 23 of the electromagnet 20 is generated by the passage of an excitation current Is in the excitation coil 21.
  • the excitation coil 21 is supplied with a DC excitation voltage.
  • a switch poles breaker device In the embodiment detailed in figure 2 there is shown a switch poles breaker device, but we could also consider that the device is poles contactors.
  • the operation of a poles breaker device is as follows: when no excitation current ls flows in the coil 21 of the electromagnet, the return spring 26 causes the separation between the movable armature 23 and the fixed yoke of the electromagnet.
  • the movable armature 23 cooperates mechanically with a mechanical link 22 not detailed here (such as a pusher) so as to act on the movable bridge 28, thus causing the opening of the contacts by separation of the movable contacts with the fixed contacts.
  • the return spring 26 must for this purpose have a force greater than that of the contact pressure spring 25.
  • a pole poles device has the particular advantage of reducing the risk of rebound at the end of the closing movement of the contacts since as the movable bridge 28 is disengaged from the mobile armature 23 of the electromagnet at that time, one thus decreases globally the inertia of the mobile bridge in motion.
  • a switch pole switch device it is possible to design by construction a sufficient thickness of the contact pads so that the end of life of the product is not the consequence of a too small thickness of the pellets, but a wear race remaining contacts too weak. Indeed, when this wear stroke becomes zero, this means that when the moving armature 23 has finished its closing movement, the pusher 22 still remains in contact with the movable bridge 28 which hinders the pressure force that must exert the spring 25 to press the movable contacts against the fixed contacts. The contact pressure is no longer sufficient, it is no longer possible under these conditions to ensure proper operation of the switch device. Thus, the wear of the contacts may depend not on the remaining thickness of the pads, but on the remaining wear stroke of the contacts.
  • the switch device comprises first measuring means 11, 12, 13, 11 'capable of delivering at least one primary signal measuring at least one electrical signal representative of the conducting state of at least one pole of power P1, P2, P3.
  • said first measuring means comprise current sensors 11, 12, 13 connected in series on each downstream current line L1, L2, L3 and each delivering a primary signal, respectively 31, 32, 33 depending on a main current. Ip flowing in each pole, respectively P1, P2, P3 of the switch device.
  • Such current sensors 11, 12, 13 are used for the purpose of providing, in particular, protection functions of the thermal defect, magnetic fault or short circuit fault type in a contactor-circuit breaker.
  • the current sensors 11, 12, 13 are, for example, Rogowski type current sensors.
  • the primary signal obtained is actually an image of the derivative of the current Ip, which makes it possible to have an important signal as soon as the current appears, thus facilitating the detection of the moment of appearance of the current Ip .
  • the first measuring means 11 ' are placed downstream of the contacts C1, C2, C3 between the downstream current lines L1, L2, L3 and a virtual neutral point N of a switch device, so as to deliver primary signals, respectively 31 ', 32', 33 ', depending on the phase / neutral voltage of the different power poles, respectively P1, P2, P3.
  • the measuring means 11 ' comprise in known manner, in derivation of each measured pole, a first strong resistance, to lower the intensity of the current, placed in series with a second resistor whose voltage is measured at the terminals.
  • the neutral point N joins the end of the second resistors.
  • the measuring means 11 'thus After possible analog processing, the measuring means 11 'thus generate primary signals 31', 32 ', 33', representative of the phase / neutral voltages of the different poles. In another alternative embodiment, one could also consider using first measuring means capable of measuring a phase / phase voltage between two power poles.
  • the primary signals 31, 32, 33 or 31 ', 32', 33 ' are sent to a processing unit 10 of the switch device.
  • This processing unit 10 is for example implanted in an integrated circuit of the ASIC type, mounted on a printed circuit inside the switch device. It can in particular be used to control the control electromagnet 20 as well as, in the case of a contactor-circuit breaker, to control a thermal and / or magnetic trip.
  • the switch device also comprises second measuring means 14 for measuring the excitation current Is flowing in the excitation coil 21 of the electromagnet 20.
  • the second measuring means 14 may be composed of a resistor connected in series on the control circuit of the coil 21, the terminal voltage of which is measured directly. After possible analog processing of this measurement, the measuring means 14 thus generate a secondary signal 34, representative of the excitation current Is, which is sent to the processing unit 10.
  • the excitation coil 21 has stored enough ampere-turns to cause the start of the closing movement of the moving armature 23. From this moment, the gap of the electromagnet 20 is gradually decrease, which will cause a change in the reluctance of the magnetic circuit composed of the fixed yoke and the movable armature 23 of the electromagnet 20. This variation in the reluctance causes the drop in excitation current Is. excitation current Is continues until a time C corresponding to the end of the travel of the movable armature 23, that is to say at the end of the closing movement of the electromagnet 20. beyond the instant C, the air gap and therefore the reluctance of the electromagnet no longer vary and the excitation current Is again increasing, as indicated on the curve 51.
  • the movement of the mobile armature gradually releases the movable bridge 28 and the latter is then driven by the contact pressure spring 25.
  • the movable bridge 28 then starts moving at a time B where the movable contacts of each power pole will be pressed against the corresponding fixed contacts, causing the conductive state of the pole. From this moment B, a main current Ip measured by the various current sensors 11, 12, 13 will appear, as schematized by the curve 52.
  • the moment B advantageously corresponds to the closing of the two pairs of fixed / mobile contacts, which makes it possible to detect the greater wear of the pellets of the two pairs of contacts of the same pole.
  • the instant B can be determined on each pole by the appearance, downstream of the contacts, of a phase / neutral voltage measured by the first measuring means 11 'between a pole and the virtual neutral N. Also, moment B could also be detected with a phase / phase voltage measurement between two of the poles of the device, downstream of the contacts.
  • the processing unit 10 is able to detect the end of the closing movement of the electromagnet, corresponding to the instant C, by detecting the appearance of a minimum of the excitation current ls, represented by a point of cusp on the curve ls of the figure 3 from the received secondary signal 34.
  • the processing unit 10 is also capable of detecting the instant of closure of the contacts, corresponding to the moment B, by detecting the appearance of electrical signals representative of the conducting state of the poles (that is to say, main current Ip, or phase / neutral voltage, or phase / phase voltage) from primary signal (s) 31, 32, 33 or 31 ', 32', 33 '.
  • the processing unit 10 is able to determine the travel time of the wear race of the contacts.
  • the time T1 between the instant A and the instant C corresponds to the duration of the closing movement of the movable armature 23 of the electromagnet.
  • the time T2 between the instant A and the instant B corresponds to the duration of the closing movement of the movable bridge 28.
  • the difference between T1 and T2, called Tu corresponds to the travel time required to perform the wear race of the contacts (also called contact crushing stroke), between the instant B and the instant C, shown diagrammatically in the diagram 53. It is obvious that the more the pellets of the fixed and / or mobile contacts are worn, the more the time T2 is important, and therefore the more time you are weak.
  • filtering or smoothing can easily be performed by the processing unit 10, especially by taking into account only average values calculated from a plurality measurements made on a given number of closing cycles of the electromagnet, for example of the order of a few tens of cycles.
  • the information relating to the wear of the contacts may include information on the residual life of the contacts, expressed as a percentage, in degrees of wear, etc., and / or an alert information indicating the end of life of the switch device contacts.
  • the processing unit 10 compares the measured travel time Tu of the contact wear race with an initial travel time Ti corresponding to an initial wear stroke of the contacts. contacts (still called crush stroke in new condition) and monitors the evolution in time of the gap between Tu and Ti.
  • This initial travel time Ti corresponds to a calibration value, determined for a given type of electromagnet.
  • the processing unit 10 compares the measured travel time Tu of the wear race of the contacts. contacts with a minimum travel time Tmini corresponding to a minimum contact wear travel acceptable below which it is no longer possible to guarantee the expected performance of the switch device. This minimum travel time Tmini is also determined for a given type of electromagnet.
  • the switch device then has internal storage means 15 connected to the processing unit 10 and capable of storing this initial value Ti and / or this minimum value Tmini.
  • the storage means 15 consist, for example, of a non-volatile memory of the EEPROM or Flash memory type.
  • the processing unit 10 and the storage means 15 are located in the same integrated circuit of the switch device.
  • the initial value Ti is stored in the storage means 15 either with a predetermined value during the manufacture of the switch device or with a first measurement of Tu performed during the first switching operations of the switch device.
  • Ti and Tmini have been determined for example from a nominal speed of the moving part 23 of the electromagnet, and this nominal speed is not necessarily identical to the actual speed used to determine Tu.
  • the moving speed of the moving armature 23 remains substantially constant for a given type of electromagnet of a given caliber.
  • the processing unit 10 is easily able to calculate the residual life of the contacts.
  • the processing unit 10 is easily able to give end-of-life information of the contacts, when you become less than Tmini, without requiring correction on the measurement of Tu.
  • the speed of displacement of the moving armature 23 depends not only on the type of electromagnet but also on the supply voltage of the excitation coil (or at least the voltage of the electromagnetic coil). average power seen by the coil in the case of a control by cutting). Indeed, the higher the supply voltage, the higher the real speed of displacement of the mobile armature 23 can be important during the movement of closing.
  • the switch device has means for measuring this supply voltage. These means are connected to the processing unit 10, allowing it to assign to the measured travel time Tu a correction coefficient taking into account the variations of the speed, before making a comparison with Ti and / or Tmini , in order to obtain a better precision in the elaboration of the information relating to the wear of the contacts.
  • the moving speed of the moving armature 23 also depends on other parameters, such as the operating temperature of the apparatus. However, it is important not to penalize the process with calculations that would become too complex. Therefore, in this case, to more precisely estimate the moving speed of the moving armature 23, the processing unit calculates a duration of the T3 take-off phase (see FIG. figure 3 ) which corresponds to the time elapsed between an instant O of appearance of a current Is in the coil and the instant determined by the maximum of the current ls, at the beginning of the start of the movement of the moving armature 23.
  • This duration T3 also being a function of the operating temperature of the apparatus and the supply voltage of the coil, one can then make a simple correlation between the variation of the duration T3 and the variation of the speed of the moving armature.
  • a correction coefficient can be assigned to the measured travel time Tu, taking into account the variations of the speed, in order to obtain a better precision in the development of the information. on contact wear.
  • the switch device further comprises communication means 18 which make it possible to connect it to a communication bus B, such as a serial link, a field bus, a local network, a global network (of the Intranet or Internet type). Or other.
  • a communication bus B such as a serial link, a field bus, a local network, a global network (of the Intranet or Internet type). Or other.
  • These communication means 18 are connected to the processing unit 10 so that information relating to the wear of the pole contacts calculated by the processing unit 10 can be transmitted on the communication bus B.
  • the switch device also includes signaling means 17 connected to the processing unit 10. These signaling means 17, such as a mini-screen or one or more lights on the front of the switch device, allow an operator located near the switch device to display information relating to the wear of the pole contacts calculated by the processing unit 10.
  • the processing unit 10 is responsible for controlling the control electromagnet 20 by means of a control command
  • the processing unit 10 is able to slave this command command to a piece of information. end of life of the pole contacts, so as to lock any possibility of closing control of the power poles of the switch device in case of excessive wear of the contacts, since it would no longer be possible to guarantee the advertised performance of the switch device. This provides an additional safety function very significant, since the switch device can self-lock in case of malfunction.
  • the switch device has a current sensor 11, 12, 13 for each of its power poles P1, P2, P3.
  • the processing unit 10 then receives as many primary signals 31, 32, 33 as poles and is therefore able to separately detect the wear of the contacts on each power pole. In this case, the wear of the contacts of the switch device will be calculated either pole by pole or by taking the power pole whose contacts are the most worn.
  • the switch device does not have a current sensor 11, 12, 13 in each power pole P1, P2, P3, but for example has a current sensor for only one pole.
  • the processing unit 10 then receives a single primary signal and is only able to actually detect the wear of the contacts of this power pole. In this case, the wear of all the contacts of the switch device will be determined from this single measurement for a pole, without taking into account any disparities between the wear of the different poles.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Multiple-Way Valves (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
EP02799097A 2001-12-21 2002-12-17 Procede pour determiner l'usure des contacts d'un appareil interrupteur Expired - Lifetime EP1466336B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0117104A FR2834120B1 (fr) 2001-12-21 2001-12-21 Procede pour determiner l'usure des contacts d'un appareil interrupteur
FR0117104 2001-12-21
PCT/FR2002/004413 WO2003054895A1 (fr) 2001-12-21 2002-12-17 Procede pour determiner l'usure des contacts d'un appareil interrupteur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1466336A1 EP1466336A1 (fr) 2004-10-13
EP1466336B1 true EP1466336B1 (fr) 2009-07-22

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EP02799097A Expired - Lifetime EP1466336B1 (fr) 2001-12-21 2002-12-17 Procede pour determiner l'usure des contacts d'un appareil interrupteur

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US7109720B2 (no)
EP (1) EP1466336B1 (no)
JP (1) JP4112497B2 (no)
KR (1) KR100926394B1 (no)
CN (1) CN1261951C (no)
AT (1) ATE437444T1 (no)
DE (1) DE60233074D1 (no)
ES (1) ES2327220T3 (no)
FR (1) FR2834120B1 (no)
NO (1) NO325543B1 (no)
RU (1) RU2297065C2 (no)
WO (1) WO2003054895A1 (no)

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JP6973365B2 (ja) * 2018-12-19 2021-11-24 オムロン株式会社 継電器状態判定装置、継電器状態判定システム、継電器状態判定方法、およびプログラム
JP6988785B2 (ja) 2018-12-28 2022-01-05 オムロン株式会社 継電器状態予測装置、継電器状態予測システム、継電器状態予測方法、およびプログラム
CN112014779B (zh) * 2020-07-08 2023-06-23 中车株洲电力机车研究所有限公司 机车变压器励磁异常的诊断方法、电子设备和存储介质
FR3112650B1 (fr) 2020-07-20 2023-05-12 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Procédé de diagnostic d’un état de fonctionnement d’un appareil de commutation électrique et appareil de commutation électrique pour la mise en œuvre d’un tel procédé
FR3119461B1 (fr) 2021-02-04 2023-07-21 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Procédé d’estimation d’un état de fonctionnement d’un appareil de commutation électrique et appareil de commutation électrique pour la mise en œuvre d’un tel procédé
CN113344977B (zh) * 2021-06-29 2022-05-27 河北工业大学 一种基于图像处理的触头压力测量模型构建方法
CN114019366B (zh) * 2021-11-05 2024-01-16 苏州迪芬德物联网科技有限公司 电器元件触点损耗评估方法
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ATE437444T1 (de) 2009-08-15
CN1261951C (zh) 2006-06-28
DE60233074D1 (de) 2009-09-03
JP2005513729A (ja) 2005-05-12
JP4112497B2 (ja) 2008-07-02
RU2297065C2 (ru) 2007-04-10
NO325543B1 (no) 2008-06-16
WO2003054895A1 (fr) 2003-07-03
FR2834120B1 (fr) 2004-02-06
AU2002364323A1 (en) 2003-07-09
ES2327220T3 (es) 2009-10-27
RU2004122421A (ru) 2005-03-27
NO20042941L (no) 2004-09-01
KR100926394B1 (ko) 2009-11-11
FR2834120A1 (fr) 2003-06-27
CN1618110A (zh) 2005-05-18
EP1466336A1 (fr) 2004-10-13
KR20040071241A (ko) 2004-08-11
US20050122117A1 (en) 2005-06-09
US7109720B2 (en) 2006-09-19

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