EP1464744A2 - Manufacturing method of filament corduroy fabric - Google Patents

Manufacturing method of filament corduroy fabric Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1464744A2
EP1464744A2 EP03293352A EP03293352A EP1464744A2 EP 1464744 A2 EP1464744 A2 EP 1464744A2 EP 03293352 A EP03293352 A EP 03293352A EP 03293352 A EP03293352 A EP 03293352A EP 1464744 A2 EP1464744 A2 EP 1464744A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
yarn
filament
corduroy
fabric
warp
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03293352A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1464744A3 (en
Inventor
Sang-Myun Yeo
Jong-Kyu Oh
Jang-Ik Shon
Ki-Hyun Im
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toray Chemical Korea Inc
Original Assignee
Saehan Industries Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saehan Industries Inc filed Critical Saehan Industries Inc
Publication of EP1464744A2 publication Critical patent/EP1464744A2/en
Publication of EP1464744A3 publication Critical patent/EP1464744A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D27/00—Woven pile fabrics
    • D03D27/02—Woven pile fabrics wherein the pile is formed by warp or weft
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D27/00—Woven pile fabrics
    • D03D27/02—Woven pile fabrics wherein the pile is formed by warp or weft
    • D03D27/06—Warp pile fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/567—Shapes or effects upon shrinkage
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C11/00—Teasing, napping or otherwise roughening or raising pile of textile fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C13/00—Shearing, clipping or cropping surfaces of textile fabrics; Pile cutting; Trimming seamed edges
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
    • D06C7/00—Heating or cooling textile fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
    • D10B2401/061—Load-responsive characteristics elastic
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
    • D10B2401/063—Load-responsive characteristics high strength

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a corduroy fabric using a microfiber or ultrafine microfiber filament yarn, which has the drapability and elasticity and soft handle feel peculiar to the filament.
  • a corduroy fabric is a velveteen-like woven cut pile fabric with wales, and called "a needle cord.
  • This fabric has various colors, is formed of various layers each having wide or narrow wales, and is durable and practical. Thus, it is frequently used as a cloth for work wears, casual wears, children's wears, and the like.
  • the warp/weft of the prior corduroy fabric is made of a staple fiber, such as cotton/cotton, cotton/polyester, and cotton/polyester-rayon mixture, so that the fabric feels soft.
  • this fabric is suitable for use in trousers, but unsuitable for woman's dresses or jackets where a soft feel is required.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a filament corduroy fabric which has the drapability, elasticity, tensile strength, friction fastness and wash shrinkage peculiar to filaments, and also a soft feel caused by an ultrafine microfiber, so that it can be used in a far wider range of applications than the prior staple corduroy fabric.
  • the filament yarn is woven into a conventional corduroy texture to produce a grey fabric, and then the grey fabric is subjected to a shrinking process to form a given space between a bottom yarn and a pile yarn, so that a knife can be smoothly passed between the bottom yarn and the pile yarn, and miss cutting does not occur, whereby a corduroy fabric with excellent properties can be manufactured.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a method capable of manufacturing a corduroy fabric with an excellent drapability, the improved elasticity, tensile strength, friction fastness and wash shrinkage, and a soft feel, in a simple manner.
  • Warp/weft which are used in manufacturing the corduroy fabric according to the present invention are made of polyester filament/polyester filament, polyester filament/filament such as nylon-polyester (NP) split yarn, or filament/staple fiber.
  • the filament is preferably made of at least one selected from the group consisting of a microfiber, an ultrafine microfiber, a NP split yarn, a sea-island yarn, a drawn yarn, an undrawn yarn (UDY), a partially oriented yarn (POY), a flat yarn (FY), and a draw textured yarn (DTY), and has less than 1 denier monofilament.
  • the fabric will have a stiff feel and a rough surface, and thus a soft feel cannot be obtained.
  • the microfiber or the ultrafine microfiber has an excellent soft feel
  • the sea-island yarn has a soft feels and also special gloss and suede effects
  • the drawn yarn has a dull suede effect, and thus, they are very suitable filaments for a corduroy fabric.
  • the filament yarn is subjected to the conventional corduroy-manufacturing processes, including false twisting, sizing, weaving, cutting, dyeing and finishing processes, but a shrinking process of a grey fabric is additionally performed after the weaving process but before the cutting process without conducting a separate brushing process, so as to form a given space between a bottom yarn and a pile yarn, such that a cutting knife can be smoothly passed between the bottom yarn and the pile yarn.
  • cutting speed can be adjusted, and a specially-made knife for corduroy can be used.
  • the miss cutting of the pile yarn does not occur.
  • a filament yarn such as a microfiber filament yarn with less than 1 denier monofilament obtained by spinning a general polyester chip in the conventional method, a nylon-polyester (NP) split yarn obtained by spinning a nylon/polyester conjugate, a partially oriented yarn (POY), a draw textured yarn (DTY), an undrawn yarn (UDY), a flat yarn (FY), or a sea-island yarn, is subjected to false twisting to make it bulky and crimping. Then, after the warp is starched and dried to improve weaving efficiency, the filament yarn is woven into a conventional corduroy texture to form a grey fabric.
  • NP nylon-polyester
  • POY partially oriented yarn
  • DTY draw textured yarn
  • UTY undrawn yarn
  • FY flat yarn
  • sea-island yarn sea-island yarn
  • the grey fabric Before cutting the pile yarn of the woven corduroy texture, the grey fabric is subjected to a shrinking process such that a given space between the bottom yarn and the pile yarn can be formed. Then, the pile yarn is cut with a specially made knife, and the resulting fabric is dyed and finished, thereby producing a filament corduroy fabric of the present invention. Moreover, in producing the corduroy fabric to the present invention, the miss cutting of the pile yarn does not occur, and the produced corduroy fabric has the drapability, elasticity and soft feel peculiar to the filament and thus can be used in a far wider range of applications than the existing staple corduroy fabric.
  • a DTY yarn as a wrap, and a DTY split yarn as a weft were subjected to the conventional corduroy-manufacturing processes, including false twisting, sizing, weaving, cutting, dyeing and finishing processes.
  • the grey fabric was subjected to a shrinking process without being subjected to a separate brushing process.
  • an 8-wale filament corduroy fabric was produced and measured for its physical properties. The measured results are given in Table 1.
  • the grey fabric was subjected to a shrinking process without being subjected to a separate brushing process.
  • a 20-wale elastic corduroy fabric was produced and measured for its physical properties. The measured results are given in Table 1.
  • Cotton yarns as warp and weft were subjected to the conventional corduroy-manufacturing processes, including false twisting, sizing, weaving, cutting, dyeing and finishing processes.
  • an 8-wale cotton corduroy fabric was manufactured and measured for its physical properties. The measured results are given in Table 1.
  • Cotton yarns as warp and weft were subjected to the conventional corduroy-manufacturing processes, including false twisting, sizing, weaving, cutting, dyeing and finishing processes.
  • a 20-wale cotton elastic corduroy fabric was manufactured and measured for its physical properties. The measured results are given in Table 1.
  • Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Example 2 Comparative Example 2 Tensile strength (warp; kg) 78.3 36.1 105.5 39.1 Tensile strength (weft; kg) 56.7 25.9 48.8 31.9 Wash shrinkage (warp; %) 0.4 0.8 0.1 -0.6 Wash shrinkage (weft; %) 0.1 0.8 -0.4 -0.6 Friction fastness (dry) 4.5 3.5 4 3.5 Friction fastness (wet) 4 1 4 1.5 Handling Soft Stiff Soft Stiff Drapability High Middle High Middle Elasticity High Middle High Middle
  • the filament corduroy fabric manufactured according to the present invention was excellent in all properties, including tensile strength, wash shrinkage, friction fastness, handling, drapability and elasticity, as compared to the existing staple (cotton) corduroy fabric.
  • the present invention provides the filament corduroy fabric, which has the improved tensile strength, wash shrinkage, friction fastness, drapability, elasticity and soft handling, as compared to the existing staple corduroy fabric using cotton as a staple.
  • the filament corduroy fabric of the present invention can be used in a far wider range of applications than the existing staple corduroy fabric.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a corduroy fabric using a microfiber or ultrafine microfiber filament yarn, which has the drapability and elasticity and soft handle feel peculiar to the filament. This method comprises the steps of weaving a cotton or synthetic yarn into a corduroy texture and cutting the pile warp of the corduroy texture to form wales, the method being characterized in that either filament yarns as a warp and a weft, or a filament yarn as the warp and a cotton yarn as the weft, are used, and after the weaving step but before the cutting step, a shrinking step of a grey fabric is additionally performed such that the space between a bottom yarn and a pile yarn is formed. Thus, the filament corduroy fabric of the present invention can be used in a far wider range of applications than the existing staple corduroy fabric.

Description

Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a corduroy fabric using a microfiber or ultrafine microfiber filament yarn, which has the drapability and elasticity and soft handle feel peculiar to the filament.
Background of the Related Art
Generally, a corduroy fabric is a velveteen-like woven cut pile fabric with wales, and called "a needle cord. This fabric has various colors, is formed of various layers each having wide or narrow wales, and is durable and practical. Thus, it is frequently used as a cloth for work wears, casual wears, children's wears, and the like.
The warp/weft of the prior corduroy fabric is made of a staple fiber, such as cotton/cotton, cotton/polyester, and cotton/polyester-rayon mixture, so that the fabric feels soft. Thus, this fabric is suitable for use in trousers, but unsuitable for woman's dresses or jackets where a soft feel is required.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a filament corduroy fabric which has the drapability, elasticity, tensile strength, friction fastness and wash shrinkage peculiar to filaments, and also a soft feel caused by an ultrafine microfiber, so that it can be used in a far wider range of applications than the prior staple corduroy fabric.
When the prior method for manufacturing a staple corduroy fabric is applied as it is, there is a problem in that, upon pile cutting, a knife cannot be smoothly passed between a bottom yarn and a pile yarn because of a characteristic of the filament, and a needle is passed over the pile yarn, so that the miss cutting of the pile yarn occurs. Thus, in the present invention, the filament yarn is woven into a conventional corduroy texture to produce a grey fabric, and then the grey fabric is subjected to a shrinking process to form a given space between a bottom yarn and a pile yarn, so that a knife can be smoothly passed between the bottom yarn and the pile yarn, and miss cutting does not occur, whereby a corduroy fabric with excellent properties can be manufactured.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problem occurring in the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method capable of manufacturing a corduroy fabric with an excellent drapability, the improved elasticity, tensile strength, friction fastness and wash shrinkage, and a soft feel, in a simple manner.
Hereinafter, the method of the present invention will be described.
Warp/weft which are used in manufacturing the corduroy fabric according to the present invention are made of polyester filament/polyester filament, polyester filament/filament such as nylon-polyester (NP) split yarn, or filament/staple fiber. The filament is preferably made of at least one selected from the group consisting of a microfiber, an ultrafine microfiber, a NP split yarn, a sea-island yarn, a drawn yarn, an undrawn yarn (UDY), a partially oriented yarn (POY), a flat yarn (FY), and a draw textured yarn (DTY), and has less than 1 denier monofilament.
If the monofilament denier is more than 1 denier, the fabric will have a stiff feel and a rough surface, and thus a soft feel cannot be obtained.
Furthermore, the microfiber or the ultrafine microfiber has an excellent soft feel, the sea-island yarn has a soft feels and also special gloss and suede effects, and the drawn yarn has a dull suede effect, and thus, they are very suitable filaments for a corduroy fabric.
In the method of the present invention, the filament yarn is subjected to the conventional corduroy-manufacturing processes, including false twisting, sizing, weaving, cutting, dyeing and finishing processes, but a shrinking process of a grey fabric is additionally performed after the weaving process but before the cutting process without conducting a separate brushing process, so as to form a given space between a bottom yarn and a pile yarn, such that a cutting knife can be smoothly passed between the bottom yarn and the pile yarn. Also, in the present invention, cutting speed can be adjusted, and a specially-made knife for corduroy can be used. Thus, in the method of the present invention, the miss cutting of the pile yarn does not occur.
In the method of the present invention, a filament yarn, such as a microfiber filament yarn with less than 1 denier monofilament obtained by spinning a general polyester chip in the conventional method, a nylon-polyester (NP) split yarn obtained by spinning a nylon/polyester conjugate, a partially oriented yarn (POY), a draw textured yarn (DTY), an undrawn yarn (UDY), a flat yarn (FY), or a sea-island yarn, is subjected to false twisting to make it bulky and crimping. Then, after the warp is starched and dried to improve weaving efficiency, the filament yarn is woven into a conventional corduroy texture to form a grey fabric. Before cutting the pile yarn of the woven corduroy texture, the grey fabric is subjected to a shrinking process such that a given space between the bottom yarn and the pile yarn can be formed. Then, the pile yarn is cut with a specially made knife, and the resulting fabric is dyed and finished, thereby producing a filament corduroy fabric of the present invention. Moreover, in producing the corduroy fabric to the present invention, the miss cutting of the pile yarn does not occur, and the produced corduroy fabric has the drapability, elasticity and soft feel peculiar to the filament and thus can be used in a far wider range of applications than the existing staple corduroy fabric.
The present invention will hereinafter be described in further detail by examples and comparative examples. It will however be obvious to a person skilled in the art that that the present invention is not limited to or by the examples. In the examples and the comparative examples, the physical properties of a corduroy fabric were measured in the following manner:
  • (1) Tensile strength: the tensile strength of a fabric was measured in the warp and weft directions according to KSK 0520.
  • (2) Wash shrinkage: the wash shrinkage of a fabric was measured in the warp and weft directions according to KSK 0600.
  • (3) Friction fastness: dry and wet friction fastness values were measured by conducting dry and wet tests, respectively, according to KSK 0650.
  • (4) Drapability, elasticity and soft handling: such properties were observed and evaluated visually or by hand.
    • Example 1
    A DTY yarn as a wrap, and a DTY split yarn as a weft, were subjected to the conventional corduroy-manufacturing processes, including false twisting, sizing, weaving, cutting, dyeing and finishing processes. However, after the weaving process but before the cutting process, the grey fabric was subjected to a shrinking process without being subjected to a separate brushing process. Thus, an 8-wale filament corduroy fabric was produced and measured for its physical properties. The measured results are given in Table 1.
    Example 2
    A DTY yarn as a wrap, and a DTY covering yarn and a split yarn as a weft, were subjected to the conventional corduroy-manufacturing processes, including false twisting, sizing, weaving, cutting, dyeing and finishing processes. However, after the weaving process but before the cutting process, the grey fabric was subjected to a shrinking process without being subjected to a separate brushing process. Thus, a 20-wale elastic corduroy fabric was produced and measured for its physical properties. The measured results are given in Table 1.
    Comparative Example 1
    Cotton yarns as warp and weft were subjected to the conventional corduroy-manufacturing processes, including false twisting, sizing, weaving, cutting, dyeing and finishing processes. Thus, an 8-wale cotton corduroy fabric was manufactured and measured for its physical properties. The measured results are given in Table 1.
    Comparative Example 2
    Cotton yarns as warp and weft were subjected to the conventional corduroy-manufacturing processes, including false twisting, sizing, weaving, cutting, dyeing and finishing processes. Thus, a 20-wale cotton elastic corduroy fabric was manufactured and measured for its physical properties. The measured results are given in Table 1.
    Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Example 2 Comparative Example 2
    Tensile strength (warp; kg) 78.3 36.1 105.5 39.1
    Tensile strength (weft; kg) 56.7 25.9 48.8 31.9
    Wash shrinkage (warp; %) 0.4 0.8 0.1 -0.6
    Wash shrinkage (weft; %) 0.1 0.8 -0.4 -0.6
    Friction fastness (dry) 4.5 3.5 4 3.5
    Friction fastness (wet) 4 1 4 1.5
    Handling Soft Stiff Soft Stiff
    Drapability High Middle High Middle
    Elasticity High Middle High Middle
    As can be seen in Table 1, the filament corduroy fabric manufactured according to the present invention was excellent in all properties, including tensile strength, wash shrinkage, friction fastness, handling, drapability and elasticity, as compared to the existing staple (cotton) corduroy fabric.
    As described above, the present invention provides the filament corduroy fabric, which has the improved tensile strength, wash shrinkage, friction fastness, drapability, elasticity and soft handling, as compared to the existing staple corduroy fabric using cotton as a staple. Thus, the filament corduroy fabric of the present invention can be used in a far wider range of applications than the existing staple corduroy fabric.
    The forgoing embodiments are merely exemplary and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The present teachings can be readily applied to other types of apparatuses. The description of the present invention is intended to be illustrative, and not to limit the scope of the claims. Many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

    Claims (3)

    1. A method for manufacturing a corduroy fabric comprising the steps of weaving a cotton or synthetic yarn into a corduroy texture and cutting the pile warp of the corduroy texture to form wales, the method being characterized in that either filament yarns as a warp and a weft, or a filament yarn as the warp and a cotton yarn as the weft, are used, and after the weaving step but before the cutting step, a shrinking step of a grey fabric is additionally performed such that the space between a bottom yarn and a pile yarn is formed.
    2. The method of Claim 1, wherein the filament yarn is made of at least one selected from the group consisting of a microfiber, an ultrafine microfiber, a NP split yarn, a sea-island yarn, a drawn yarn, an undrawn yarn (UDY), a partially oriented yarn (POY), a flat yarn (FY), and a draw textured yarn (DTY).
    3. The method of Claim 1, wherein the filament yarn is made of a polyester filament yarn or a nylon filament yarn.
    EP03293352A 2003-04-03 2003-12-31 Manufacturing method of filament corduroy fabric Withdrawn EP1464744A3 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    KR1020030021086A KR20030036445A (en) 2003-04-03 2003-04-03 Manufacturing method of filament Corduroy fabric
    KR2003021086 2003-04-03

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP1464744A2 true EP1464744A2 (en) 2004-10-06
    EP1464744A3 EP1464744A3 (en) 2005-02-02

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    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP03293352A Withdrawn EP1464744A3 (en) 2003-04-03 2003-12-31 Manufacturing method of filament corduroy fabric

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    EP (1) EP1464744A3 (en)
    KR (2) KR20030036445A (en)
    CN (1) CN1536115A (en)

    Cited By (1)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    US20150159307A1 (en) * 2013-12-11 2015-06-11 New Horizon Elastic Fabric Co., Ltd Fabric strap with emulated velvet surface

    Families Citing this family (8)

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    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    KR100737975B1 (en) * 2005-09-08 2007-07-13 주식회사 새 한 Long fiber velvet fabric and manufacturing method thereof
    KR100676907B1 (en) * 2005-12-07 2007-02-01 주식회사 에스엠 인터내셔날 Pile upright forming method and forming apparatus for pile fabric
    KR100746217B1 (en) * 2006-09-02 2007-08-03 송진달 Method of manufacturing tricot corduroy fabric
    CN103422231B (en) * 2012-05-17 2016-06-08 东丽纤维研究所（中国）有限公司 A kind of elastic corduroy fabric and production method thereof and application
    KR101645252B1 (en) * 2016-01-28 2016-08-04 정용수 Pile Fabric With Enhanced Shape Stability and Manufacturing Method Thereof
    KR101968302B1 (en) * 2017-09-07 2019-04-12 배재대학교 산학협력단 Multi-functional textile and manufacturing method of the same
    CN107815766A (en) * 2017-09-08 2018-03-20 桐昆集团股份有限公司 A kind of production method of slim and graceful chiffon yarn and application
    KR102885044B1 (en) * 2023-06-21 2025-11-13 (주)아코플레닝 Pile fabric comrising natural leather recycled yarn

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    US2238098A (en) * 1938-07-28 1941-04-15 Du Pont Fabric
    JPS564768A (en) * 1979-06-19 1981-01-19 Unitika Ltd Production of velvet having soccar like crepe
    JPS588156A (en) * 1981-07-08 1983-01-18 東レ株式会社 Production of velvet like synthetic fiber fabric
    JPS59106566A (en) * 1982-12-07 1984-06-20 帝人株式会社 Production of ultra-fine cut pile knitted fabric
    JPH10259543A (en) * 1997-03-17 1998-09-29 Toyobo Co Ltd Plushed pile fabric

    Cited By (1)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    US20150159307A1 (en) * 2013-12-11 2015-06-11 New Horizon Elastic Fabric Co., Ltd Fabric strap with emulated velvet surface

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    KR20030036445A (en) 2003-05-09
    EP1464744A3 (en) 2005-02-02
    KR20040086741A (en) 2004-10-12
    CN1536115A (en) 2004-10-13

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