EP1464711B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour le durcissement de pièces annulaires - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour le durcissement de pièces annulaires Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1464711B1
EP1464711B1 EP04005518A EP04005518A EP1464711B1 EP 1464711 B1 EP1464711 B1 EP 1464711B1 EP 04005518 A EP04005518 A EP 04005518A EP 04005518 A EP04005518 A EP 04005518A EP 1464711 B1 EP1464711 B1 EP 1464711B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpieces
spindle
cold gas
quenching
quenching chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP04005518A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1464711A1 (fr
Inventor
Karl Heess
Karlheinz Schweikert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Heess & Co KG GmbH
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Heess & Co KG GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1464711A1 publication Critical patent/EP1464711A1/fr
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Publication of EP1464711B1 publication Critical patent/EP1464711B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/613—Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/32—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
    • C21D9/0025—Supports; Baskets; Containers; Covers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for quenching annular, metallic workpieces, for example sliding sleeves for vehicle transmissions.
  • the German Utility Model DE-U-296 08 569 explains a hardening device for annular workpieces which are stacked in superimposed on a support plate magazines.
  • the carrier plate with the magazines are lowered onto mandrels firmly mounted in an oil bath, which penetrate into the openings of the stacked workpieces during lowering.
  • a squeezing device is provided, which presses the mandrel after curing from the workpieces in the hardening oil bath.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to improve the hardening of the aforementioned workpieces by cold gas quenching.
  • the invention provides a method according to claim 1 and a device according to claim 7.
  • the invention has the advantage that annular workpieces can be cured with high precision by the compared to oil environmentally friendly and easier-to-use cold gas quenching, with a post-treatment can account for example in the form of a compensation of unwanted distortion of the workpieces.
  • the cold gas chamber only needs to be as large as dictated by the size of the work piece (s), because the space-consuming mandrel extrusion and the preparation of the squeezed mandrels are carried out for re-admission of hot workpieces outside the cold gas chamber; Auspreß coupled of damaging influences of the cold gas pressure remains unaffected.
  • the number of quenchable per unit time workpieces is not affected by the invention, because the mandrel extrusion and preparation of new mandrels takes less time than required for the quenching of the workpieces.
  • Hot, annular workpieces 10 (FIG. 5) can be quenched with the hardening device explained in FIGS. 1 and 2, which in the present example are sliding sleeves with an inner toothing 2 and an outer circumferential annular groove 4 and an outer and inner circular periphery for vehicle transmissions.
  • the curing device essentially comprises a quenching chamber 20 having an upper loading door 22 and an opposing lower removal door 24, a plurality of mandrels 30 standing on a support plate 35, and an ejector 40, 45 disposed outside the quenching chamber 20 adjacent to the removal door 24.
  • the removal door 24 can also be arranged on the same side of the quenching chamber 20 as the loading door 22, but in the example shown below the same. It is also contemplated to provide the removal door 24 at the same height as the feed door 22 and opposite to the quenching chamber 20 for reasons to be discussed below.
  • a first transfer unit which each introduces a set of a plurality of workpieces 10 into the quenching chamber 20 through the loading door 22.
  • the first and the second transfer units can each be a manipulator with the required degrees of freedom for the respective manipulator arm.
  • a group of nine similar workpieces 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 are at another, not shown here place concentrically stacked one above the other in a basket 60 (Figure 6), the circular in plan view lower flange 62 with the concentric, similar top flange 64 via four vertical, narrow in the circumferential direction posts 61, 63, 65, 67 is firmly connected.
  • the vertical inner edges 66, 68, 69, 70 of the posts 61, 63, 65, 67 are tangent to an imaginary horizontal circle whose radius is only slightly greater than the largest outer radius of each workpiece 10.
  • at each post near the lower chord 62 formed a radially inwardly projecting nose, which are designated for the posts 61 and 65 with 71 and 75. Therefore, the cold workpieces 10 can be introduced from the side of the upper belt 64 in the basket 60 so that they are concentric and horizontal as well as without spacing superimposed and held by the lugs.
  • each basket 60 near the lower end of each post 61, 63, 65, 67 has radially outwardly facing unillustrated projections which allow vertical insertion of the baskets 60 into one of the seats 52 such that the baskets 60 bottom flush with the bottom of the grate 50, as Figures 1 and 2 show.
  • Each of the three illustrated cylindrical mandrels 31, 32, 33 is seated with its lower end in a respective through hole 36, 37, 38 of the support plate 35 and rests according to Figure 1 on a bolt 39, which in a manner not shown under the support plate 35 between two positions is slidably mounted.
  • each mandrel 31, 32, 33 is closely spaced by four circumferentially equally spaced, equally high and upright-looking support blocks surrounded, which are designated for the mandrel 31 with 81, 82.
  • the support blocks rise from a flat, surrounding the associated mandrel ring flange, which is screwed onto the top of the support plate 35.
  • the ejection device 40, 45 shown schematically in Figure 2 is located outside of the quenching chamber 20 adjacent to the removal door 24 and has an upper portion 40 and a lower portion 45 which are vertically spaced such that support plate 35 with latch 39, thorns 30 and baskets 60 can find space between them.
  • the upper part 40 has three vertically displaceable by not shown upper punch 41, 42, 43 and the lower part 45 comprises respectively on the upper punch 41, 42, 43 aligned and vertically movable by not shown drives lower punch 46, 47, 48.
  • In the desired position of the carrier plate 35 illustrated by stops, not shown, shown in Figure 2 is aligned with each mandrel an upper punch and a lower punch and the associated passage opening in the support plate 35th
  • the method for hardening or quenching the workpieces 10 with the described curing device is carried out as follows.
  • the curing device is associated, for example, with a carburizing furnace, which may be a rotary hearth furnace or, generally, a heat treatment furnace.
  • a carburizing furnace which may be a rotary hearth furnace or, generally, a heat treatment furnace.
  • In the oven may be a grid 50 with a number of baskets loaded with workpieces 10.
  • the first transfer unit retrieves the grate 50 from the carburizing furnace and places it in the quenching chamber 20 through the opened loading door 22.
  • the arms 50 of the first transfer unit gripping and holding the grate 50 are controlled so that the grate 50 over the mandrels 31, 32, 33 guided and deposited on the support plate 35, wherein, for example, the mandrel 31 in the center of the basket 72 housed stack of workpieces 10 .. 18 penetrates.
  • the carrier plate can be coupled to a lifting device which raises the carrier plate so far that the spikes retract into the baskets 60 on the grate 50 from below until the carrier plate 35 holds the grate 50 of FIG bottomed out.
  • the removal door 24 then sits up against the loading door 22 at the quenching chamber 20.
  • the loading door 24 is formed on its upper side 25 instead of on one side of the quenching chamber 20.
  • An unillustrated crane can remove the grate from the transfer unit and let it down through the opened loading door into the interior of the quenching chamber until the grate 50 is seated on the carrier plate 35.
  • the position of the mandrels 30 on the support plate 35 corresponds exactly to the position of the receptacles 52 of the grate 50, so that when lowering or lowering the grate 50 or raising the support plate 35 by the lifting device each mandrel 30 is aligned with exactly one basket 60. Since the outer diameter of the mandrels 30 is slightly smaller than the smallest inner diameter of the hot workpieces 10, by an amount corresponding to the expected during the quenching of the workpieces 10 radial shrinkage of the workpieces, all hot workpieces can each have a basket on the associated mandrel be slipped until the bottom workpiece of each basket rests on the support blocks 81, 82.
  • the support blocks 81, 82 are axially higher than the lugs 71, 75 in order to lift the lowermost workpiece 10 out of the region of the lower belt 62. If the lugs 71, 75 formed correspondingly high to the post 61, the support blocks can be omitted without replacement.
  • an inert gas for example nitrogen under high pressure of about 20 bar
  • the cold gas circulating in the quenching chamber 20 approximately in accordance with arrows 83, 84 (FIG. 8) which has approximately room temperature before being introduced, passes around the hot baskets 60 and the workpieces 10 stacked in them from the outside.
  • the heated gas from the quenching chamber via a heat exchanger the heat carried by the gas withdrawn, after which the gas is returned to the quenching chamber.
  • the hot workpieces are quenched in this manner and shrink on the mandrel 30. By this shrinking the dimensional accuracy of the cold workpieces 10 is ensured.
  • the removal door 24 is opened and the support plate 35 with bolt 39 and the thorns and baskets with workpieces from the second transfer unit from the quenching chamber 20 laterally moved out and into the position shown in Figure 2 between the upper part 40 and brought lower part 45 of the ejector.
  • the bolt 39 is moved in its open position according to Figure 2 relative to the support plate 35, wherein the mandrels 31, 32, 33 are held by the shrunk-workpieces in the left in Figure 2 unchanged position.
  • each of the upper and lower punches has a smaller outer diameter than the mandrels.
  • FIGS 7 and 8 in which the quenching chamber 20 is only indicated, illustrate a quenching process which is somewhat modified relative to that described above.
  • the mandrels 31, 32, 33 are hollow domes 131, 132, 133 and the up to the through holes 36, 37, 38 closed support plate 35 is replaced by a grate support 135.
  • the mandrel 131 has a central axial inner channel 134 which is not only open at the top, as shown, but may also be open at the bottom. Therefore, the cold compressed gas flows through the mandrel 131 inside and not only provides for its cooling, but also indirectly for a quenching of the workpieces at the inner edge, so for example at the inner toothing 2, if such is present. The quenching of the workpieces at their inner edge becomes even more effective when the jacket 136 of the mandrel 131 is provided with a plurality of radial bores communicating with the inner duct 134, two of which are designated 137, 138.
  • the inner channel 134 is closed at the bottom or at least narrowed, cold compressed gas flows through the radial bores 137, 138, which act as nozzles, directly against the inner edge of the workpieces.
  • the radial bores are distributed in the circumferential direction over the jacket 136 and arranged vertically spaced in several rows. Each row of radial bores is designed so that the associated radial bores aim approximately at the center of the respective workpiece.
  • the grate carrier 135 has except the through opening 139 for receiving the lower end of the mandrel 131 a plurality of openings 141, 142, 143, the number and shape of the design of the grate 50 is similar. As a result, a better vertical flow of the cold gas is achieved at the baskets and the outsides of the workpieces.
  • a grate bar which takes over the function of the bolt 39 and how the latter is displaceable between an open position and a closed position below the grate carrier.
  • the grate bar has a plurality of openings whose arrangement and shape the openings 141, 142, 143 of the grate carrier 135 and in its closed position with those aligned.
  • the invention is not limited to the stated numbers of workpieces stacked one above the other in each basket, to the number of baskets provided, to the illustrated design and number of receptacles 52 in the grate 50.
  • the invention is also applicable to quenching a single workpiece held in a basket and slipped over a mandrel.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé de durcissement de pièces annulaires chaudes, telles que par exemple des manchons coulissants, avec un agent de trempe froid, dans lequel les pièces sont enfilées sur au moins un mandrin stationnaire et exposées à l'agent de trempe, et le mandrin étant éjecté des pièces après la trempe, caractérisé en ce que les pièces sont exposées à du gaz froid dans une chambre de trempe, et en ce que le mandrin est éjecté en dehors de la chambre de trempe.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le gaz froid est amené sous haute pression à la chambre de trempe.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le bord intérieur des pièces est exposé au gaz froid dans la chambre de trempe.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que de la chaleur est soutirée des pièces par le mandrin creux traversé par le gaz froid.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que le bord intérieur des pièces est exposé au gaz froid à partir de perforations de la paroi du mandrin.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, après l'éjection hors des pièces, le mandrin est à nouveau amené à la chambre de trempe.
  7. Dispositif destiné à la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comportant un dispositif pour l'amenée et l'enfilage des pièces (10) chaudes sur un mandrin (30 ; 130) temporairement stationnaire, ainsi qu'un dispositif d'éjection (40, 45) de mandrin, caractérisé en ce que le mandrin est tenu à disposition pour l'enfilage des pièces dans une chambre de trempe (20) pouvant être alimentée en gaz froid, et en ce que le dispositif d'éjection (40, 45) de mandrin est disposé en dehors de la chambre de trempe (20).
  8. Dispositif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs pièces (10, ..., 18) sont respectivement empilées en alignement axial les unes au-dessus des autres dans au moins un panier (72, 73, 74).
  9. Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que chaque panier est retenu dans une réception (52) respective d'une grille (50).
  10. Dispositif selon la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce que, pour chaque panier, un mandrin respectif (31, 32, 33 ; 131, 132, 133) est disposé sur une plaque de support (35, 135) de telle sorte que chaque mandrin puisse être éjecté des pièces froides emmanchées par frettage par le dispositif d'éjection (40, 45).
  11. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 7 à 10, caractérisé en ce que les mandrins sont des mandrins creux (131, 3.32, 133) comportant chacun un canal axial central (134) pour le gaz froid.
  12. Dispositif selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la plaque de support (135) comporte des percées (141, 142, 143) qui correspondent à des percées de la grille (50).
  13. Dispositif selon la revendication 11 ou 12, caractérisé en ce que, à hauteur de chacune des pièces, l'enveloppe (136) de chaque mandrin creux (131) comporte plusieurs perçages radiaux (137, 138) qui communiquent avec le canal axial.
  14. Dispositif selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que les perçages sont disposés en un nombre de rangées correspondant au nombre des pièces empilées dans un panier.
  15. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 7 à 14, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'éjection comporte une partie supérieure (40) avec plusieurs poinçons supérieurs (41, 42, 43) et un entraînement associé, et une partie inférieure (45) avec plusieurs poinçons inférieurs (46, 47, 48), les poinçons supérieurs et les poinçons inférieurs étant orientés axialement les uns vers les autres.
EP04005518A 2003-03-28 2004-03-09 Procédé et dispositif pour le durcissement de pièces annulaires Expired - Fee Related EP1464711B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10314040 2003-03-28
DE10314040A DE10314040B3 (de) 2003-03-28 2003-03-28 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Härten ringförmiger Werkstücke

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1464711A1 EP1464711A1 (fr) 2004-10-06
EP1464711B1 true EP1464711B1 (fr) 2006-06-21

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EP04005518A Expired - Fee Related EP1464711B1 (fr) 2003-03-28 2004-03-09 Procédé et dispositif pour le durcissement de pièces annulaires

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EP (1) EP1464711B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE331047T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10314040B3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012016603B3 (de) * 2012-08-23 2013-12-24 Heess Gmbh & Co. Kg Fixtur zum Härten eines einzelnen ringförmigen Werkstücks
CN103695629B (zh) * 2013-12-27 2015-11-25 江阴戴勒姆动力设备有限公司 一种利用了圆形转动盘和三条轴向凹槽的工件热处理方法
DE102017220542A1 (de) * 2017-11-17 2019-05-23 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Gestell zur Aufnahme mehrerer Zahnräder eines Windkraftgetriebes
CN110512059B (zh) * 2019-10-08 2021-03-26 南通今朝机床有限公司 一种方便固定齿轮轴淬火的工装
DE102022204920A1 (de) 2022-05-18 2023-11-23 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abschreckhärten von Bauteilen mit Durchgangsöffnung

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1702985A (en) * 1927-01-27 1929-02-19 Hilger Ltd Adam Heat treatment of metal articles
DE3030550A1 (de) * 1980-08-13 1982-03-25 Karl David Heinrich 6840 Lampertheim Heess Vorrichtung zum haerten von zahnraedern
DE3307041A1 (de) * 1982-11-26 1984-05-30 Jenny Pressen AG, 8500 Frauenfeld Verfahren und vorrichtung zum serienmaessigen, verzugsarmen haerten von werkstuecken sowie anwendung des verfahrens
DE3906217C1 (en) * 1989-02-28 1989-11-23 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft, 7000 Stuttgart, De Rod- or ring-shaped workpiece-adapted receiving device for rotationally symmetrical workpieces
JP3640687B2 (ja) * 1994-09-05 2005-04-20 Ｎｔｎ株式会社 孔開扁平部品の焼入方法および装置
DE29608569U1 (de) * 1996-05-13 1996-08-14 Heess Karl Maschinen Vorrichtung zum Aufnehmen und Umsetzen von Wärmebehandlungsschritten zu unterwerfenden Werkstücken
DE19919738A1 (de) * 1999-01-29 2000-08-03 Loi Thermprocess Gmbh Durchlaufofen mit einer Einrichtung zum Abschrecken von Werkstücken sowie Abschreckverfahren
DE10005969C1 (de) * 2000-02-09 2001-07-05 Karl Heess Gmbh & Co Maschb Wellenricht- und -härtemaschine

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EP1464711A1 (fr) 2004-10-06
ATE331047T1 (de) 2006-07-15
DE10314040B3 (de) 2005-01-13

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