EP1459027B1 - Heat exchanger, particularly for a motor vehicle - Google Patents
Heat exchanger, particularly for a motor vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1459027B1 EP1459027B1 EP02798351A EP02798351A EP1459027B1 EP 1459027 B1 EP1459027 B1 EP 1459027B1 EP 02798351 A EP02798351 A EP 02798351A EP 02798351 A EP02798351 A EP 02798351A EP 1459027 B1 EP1459027 B1 EP 1459027B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- flow
- plate
- tube
- medium
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
- F28F9/0278—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits in the form of stacked distribution plates or perforated plates arranged over end plates
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
- F28D1/0477—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag
- F28D1/0478—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
- F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
- F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
- F28D1/05391—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits combined with a particular flow pattern, e.g. multi-row multi-stage radiators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/0219—Arrangements for sealing end plates into casing or header box; Header box sub-elements
- F28F9/0221—Header boxes or end plates formed by stacked elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0068—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for refrigerant cycles
- F28D2021/0073—Gas coolers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
- F28D2021/0085—Evaporators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2280/00—Mounting arrangements; Arrangements for facilitating assembling or disassembling of heat exchanger parts
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
- Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
- General Induction Heating (AREA)
- Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
- Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wärmeübertrager mit Rohren und mit einem Endstück, das einen aus Platten bestehenden Rohrboden aufweist.The invention relates to a heat exchanger with pipes and with an end piece, which has a tube plate consisting of plates.
Ein solcher Wärmeübertrager ist beispielsweise in der
Man hat für einen ähnlichen Verdampfer in der
In der
Durch die
In der
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Wärmeübertrager bereitzustellen, bei dem eine einfache und/oder leichte Bauweise und gegebenenfalls gleichzeitig eine gleichmäßige Verteilung eines Mediums auf mehrere Strömungspfade und/oder ein druckstabiler Aufbau des Wärmeübertragers realisierbar ist.The object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger in which a simple and / or lightweight construction and optionally at the same time a uniform distribution of a medium to a plurality of flow paths and / or a pressure-stable construction of the heat exchanger can be realized.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Wärmeübertrager mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by a heat exchanger with the features of claim 1.
Gemäß diesem Anspruch weist ein erfindungsgemäßer Wärmeübertrager Rohre auf, die von einem ersten Medium durchströmbar und von einem zweiten Medium umströmbar sind, so daß durch Wandungen der Rohre Wärme von dem ersten auf das zweite Medium oder umgekehrt übertragbar ist. Hierzu befinden sich in den Rohren Wärmeübertragungskanäle, durch die das erste Medium leitbar ist, wobei ein einzelnes Rohr entweder einen Wärmeübertragungskanal oder als sogenanntes Mehrkammerrohr mehrere nebeneinanderliegende Wärmeübertragungskanäle aufweist. Die Rohre können dabei einen kreisförmigen, einen ovalen, einen im wesentlichen rechteckförmigen oder einen beliebigen anderen Querschnitt besitzen. Beispielsweise sind die Rohre als Flachrohre ausgebildet. Für eine Erhöhung des Wärmeübertrags sind gegebenenfalls Rippen, insbesondere Wellrippen, zwischen den Rohren angeordnet, wobei die Rohre und die Rippen insbesondere miteinander verlötbar sind.According to this claim, a heat exchanger according to the invention has tubes which can be flowed through by a first medium and by a first medium second medium are flowed around, so that by walls of the tubes heat from the first to the second medium or vice versa is transferable. For this purpose, there are heat transfer channels in the tubes, through which the first medium can be conducted, wherein a single tube has either a heat transfer channel or as a so-called multi-chamber tube a plurality of adjacent heat transfer channels. The tubes may have a circular, an oval, a substantially rectangular or any other cross section. For example, the tubes are designed as flat tubes. For an increase in the heat transfer, optionally ribs, in particular corrugated fins, are arranged between the tubes, wherein the tubes and the ribs are in particular solderable to one another.
Für den Wärmeübertrager sind verschiedene Verwendungen denkbar, beispielsweise als Verdampfer eines Kältemittelkreislaufs, insbesondere einer Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlage. In diesem Fall ist das erste Medium ein Kältemittel, beispielsweise R134a oder R744, und das zweite Medium Luft, wobei Wärme von der Luft auf das Kältemittel übertragen wird. Der Wärmeübertrager ist aber auch für andere Medien geeignet, wobei gegebenenfalls die Wärme auch von dem ersten auf das zweite Medium übertragbar ist.For the heat exchanger various uses are conceivable, for example as an evaporator of a refrigerant circuit, in particular an automotive air conditioning system. In this case, the first medium is a refrigerant, for example, R134a or R744, and the second medium is air, whereby heat is transferred from the air to the refrigerant. The heat exchanger is also suitable for other media, where appropriate, the heat is also transferable from the first to the second medium.
Gegebenenfalls sind zumindest zwei Sammelkammern vorhanden, wobei das erste Medium von einer ersten zu einer zweiten Sammelkammer leitbar ist. Das erste Medium ist entlang eines oder mehrerer Strömungspfade leitbar, die gegebenenfalls aus mehreren Abschnitten bestehen. Unter einem Strömungspfadabschnitt im Sinne der Erfindung ist ein oder mehrere Wärmeübertragungskanäle zu verstehen, die von einer Seite des Wärmeübertragers zu einer gegenüberliegenden Seite verlaufen und hydraulisch parallel zueinander geschaltet sind. Die Wärmeübertragungskanäle eines Strömungspfadabschnittes sind beispielsweise in einem einzigen Rohr angeordnet, eine auf mehrere Rohre verteilte Anordnung der Wärmeübertragungskanäle eines Strömungspfadabschnittes ist jedoch ebenso denkbar.Optionally, at least two collection chambers are present, wherein the first medium can be conducted from a first to a second collection chamber. The first medium can be conducted along one or more flow paths, which optionally consist of several sections. A flow path section in the sense of the invention is to be understood as meaning one or more heat transfer channels which run from one side of the heat exchanger to an opposite side and are connected hydraulically in parallel to one another. The heat transfer channels of a flow path section are However, for example, arranged in a single tube, an arrangement of the heat transfer channels of a flow path section distributed over several tubes is likewise conceivable.
Desweiteren weist der Wärmeübertrager ein Endstück mit einem Rohrboden auf, der aus aneinanderliegenden Platten, nämlich einer Bodenplatte, einer Umlenkplatte und einer Abdeckplatte besteht. Die Bodenplatte ist mit Enden der Rohre verbindbar, indem die Bodenplatte beispielsweise Aussparungen aufweist, in die die Rohrenden aufnehmbar sind. Im Rahmen der Erfindung sind auch andere Arten der Verbindung zwischen Rohren und der Bodenplatte denkbar, zum Beispiel durch Fortsätze an den Rändern von Aussparungen in der Bodenplatte, so daß die Rohre auf die Fortsätze aufsteckbar sind. Aussparungen in der Umlenkplatte dienen der Bildung von Durchleitkanälen und/oder von Umlenkkanälen, die gegenüber einer Umgebung des Wärmeübertragers mit einer Abdeckplatte fluiddicht verschließbar sind. Durch die Plattenstruktur des Rohrbodens ist eine sehr druckstabile Bauweise des Endstücks und des gesamten Wärmeübertragers möglich.Furthermore, the heat exchanger has an end piece with a tube plate, which consists of adjacent plates, namely a bottom plate, a baffle plate and a cover plate. The bottom plate is connectable to ends of the tubes by the bottom plate, for example, has recesses into which the pipe ends are receivable. In the context of the invention, other types of connection between pipes and the bottom plate are conceivable, for example, by extensions at the edges of recesses in the bottom plate, so that the tubes are attachable to the extensions. Recesses in the deflection plate serve for the formation of passage channels and / or deflection channels, which can be closed fluid-tight with respect to an environment of the heat exchanger with a cover plate. Due to the plate structure of the tube plate a very pressure-stable construction of the tail and the entire heat exchanger is possible.
Ein erster Grundgedanke der Erfindung ist es, das den Rohrboden umfassende Endstück mit einem Sammelkasten zu versehen, der in einem Gehäuse zumindest eine Sammelkammer für das erste Medium aufweist. Dadurch wird ein gegebenenfalls ohnehin notwendiges Bauteil in das Endstück integriert und eine kompakte und damit einfache Bauweise des Wärmeübertragers gewährleistet.A first basic idea of the invention is to provide the end piece comprising the tubesheet with a collection box which has at least one collection chamber for the first medium in a housing. As a result, an optionally necessary anyway component is integrated into the tail and ensures a compact and therefore simple construction of the heat exchanger.
Gemäß eines zweiten Grundgedankens der Erfindung werden Strömungspfadabschnitte mittels Umlenkkanälen in der Umlenkplatte miteinander verbunden. Die Verschaltung der Strömungspfadabschnitte zu einem oder mehreren hydraulisch parallelen Strömungspfaden ist dann nach beliebigen Anforderungen auslegbar, indem eine einzige Platte, nämlich die Umlenkplatte, entsprechend der erforderlichen Strömungspfadverschaltung konfiguriert wird. Somit ist der Wärmeübertrager durch seine modulare Bauweise für verschiedene Anwendungen flexibel aufbaubar.According to a second basic concept of the invention, flow path sections are connected to one another by means of deflection channels in the deflection plate. The interconnection of the flow path sections to one or more hydraulically parallel flow paths is then interpretable according to any requirements, by a single plate, namely the Baffle is configured according to the required flow path interconnection. Thus, the heat exchanger can be built flexibly for various applications due to its modular design.
Nach einem anderen Grundgedanken der Erfindung wird ein Rohr bis zu einem vorgegebenem Anschlag in den Rohrboden eingeführt, um eine erhöhte Fertigungssicherheit und damit eine vereinfachte Herstellung zu erzielen. Der Anschlag wird durch einen Steg zwischen zwei Aussparungen in der Bodenplatte verwirklicht, der in eine Aussparung in einem Rohrende aufnehmbar ist, wobei der Steg im wesentlichen genauso breit ist wie die Aussparung in dem Rohrende. Vorteilhafterweise ist die Aussparung etwas breiter als der Steg, um ein Einstecken des Rohres in die Bodenplatte zu erleichtern. Die Einstecktiefe des Rohres ist durch die Höhe der Aussparung in dem Rohrende gegeben. Besonders vorteilhaft ist die Aussparung höher als der Steg, wodurch die Gefahr einer ungewünschten Verstopfung eines oder mehrerer Wärmeübertragungskanäle durch auf der Bodenplatte befindliches Lot während eines Lötprozesses verringert wird. Der Höhenunterschied ist beispielsweise 1 mm oder mehr, sollte andererseits geringer sein als die Dicke der Umlenkplatte, da das Rohr sonst an die Abdeckplatte anstößt. Vorteilhaft ist ein Höhenunterschied, der in etwa halb so groß ist wie die Dicke der Umlenkplatte.According to another basic idea of the invention, a tube is introduced into the tubesheet up to a predetermined stop in order to achieve increased manufacturing reliability and thus simplified production. The stop is realized by a web between two recesses in the bottom plate, which is receivable in a recess in a pipe end, wherein the web is substantially as wide as the recess in the pipe end. Advantageously, the recess is slightly wider than the web to facilitate insertion of the tube into the bottom plate. The insertion depth of the tube is given by the height of the recess in the pipe end. Particularly advantageously, the recess is higher than the web, whereby the risk of unwanted clogging of one or more heat transfer channels is reduced by solder located on the bottom plate during a soldering process. The height difference is, for example, 1 mm or more, on the other hand, should be less than the thickness of the baffle, since the pipe otherwise abuts the cover plate. Advantageously, a height difference that is about half as large as the thickness of the baffle plate.
Ein weiterer Grundgedanke der Erfindung ist es, mehrere Platten des Rohrbodens einstückig zu gestalten, um die Anzahl den Fertigungs- und gegebenenfalls den Materialaufwand zu reduzieren. Unter Umständen besteht der Rohrboden dann nur aus einer Platte, in die die Bodenplatte, die Umlenkplatte und die Abdeckplatte integriert sind.Another basic idea of the invention is to design a plurality of plates of the tubesheet in one piece in order to reduce the number of production and, if necessary, the cost of materials. Under certain circumstances, the tube plate then only consists of a plate in which the bottom plate, the baffle plate and the cover plate are integrated.
Gemäß eines weiteren Erfindungsgedankens wird der Materialaufwand für den Rohrboden und damit auch für den Wärmeübertrager reduziert, indem eine oder mehrere, bevorzugt alle Platten des Rohrbodens zusätzliche Aussparungen zwischen Durchleit- und/oder Umlenkkanälen aufweisen, die beispielsweise als Durchbrüche oder seitliche Einkerbungen ausgebildet sind. Vorteilhaft sind die Platten zwischen Durchleit- und/oder Umlenkkanälen durchtrennt, wodurch die Platten unter Umständen in viele kleine Teilplatten zerfallen. Dadurch wird eine besonders leichte Bauweise ermöglicht, die sich auf Materialkosten und Gewicht des Wärmeübertragers gleichermaßen positiv auswirkt.According to a further concept of the invention, the cost of materials for the tube plate and thus also for the heat exchanger is reduced by one or more, preferably all plates of the tubesheet additional Have recesses between passage and / or deflection channels, which are formed for example as openings or lateral indentations. Advantageously, the plates are severed between passage and / or deflection channels, whereby the plates may disintegrate into many small sub-plates. This allows a particularly lightweight construction, which has a positive effect on material costs and weight of the heat exchanger alike.
Eine vereinfachte Bauweise wird nach einem weiteren Grundgedanken der Erfindung auch durch U-förmig umgeformte Rohre ermöglicht, wobei die Rohre einfach oder zu einer noch einfacheren Bauweise mehrfach umgeformt sind. Dadurch wird im Bereich der U-förmigen Umformung zwei Rohr-Boden-Verbindungen und gegebenenfalls ein Umlenkkanal eingespart. Bei ausschließlicher Verwendung von U-Rohren ist es sogar möglich, ein Endstück einzusparen, wenn auf einer Seite des Wärmeübertragers sämtliche Umlenkungen durch Rohrumformungen verwirklicht sind. In diesem Fall sind die Enden jeweils eines Rohres mit derselben Bodenplatte verbindbar.A simplified construction is made possible according to a further basic idea of the invention by U-shaped tubes, wherein the tubes are simply or repeatedly formed into an even simpler construction. As a result, in the region of the U-shaped deformation, two pipe-floor connections and optionally a deflection channel are saved. With the exclusive use of U-tubes, it is even possible to save an end piece, if on one side of the heat exchanger all deflections are realized by Rohrumformungen. In this case, the ends of each tube are connectable to the same bottom plate.
Ein weiterer Erfindungsgedanke ist es, den Wärmeübertrager mit genau einem Endstück zu versehen, in das insbesondere ein Sammelkasten mit zwei Sammelkammern integriert ist. Dies ist außer durch Verwendung von U-Rohren durch jede denkbare hydraulische Verbindung von Rohren auf einer dem genau einen Endstück gegenüberliegenden Seite des Wärmeübertragers möglich, beispielsweise durch Aufsetzen von geeignet aufgebauten Kappen auf jeweils mehrere, insbesondere zwei Rohre.Another idea of the invention is to provide the heat exchanger with exactly one end piece, in which in particular a collecting box is integrated with two collecting chambers. This is possible except through the use of U-tubes through any conceivable hydraulic connection of pipes on a side opposite exactly one end of the heat exchanger, for example by placing suitably constructed caps on a plurality of, in particular two tubes.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Wärmeübertragers sind Gegenstand der untergeordneten Ansprüche.Preferred embodiments of the heat exchanger according to the invention are the subject of the subordinate claims.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist ein gegebenenfalls in das Endstück integrierter Sammelkasten mit der Abdeckplatte fluiddicht verlötet oder verschweißt. Nach einer anderen vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist der Sammelkasten mit der Abdeckplatte einstückig ausgebildet, wodurch die Fertigung vereinfacht wird. Eine besonders leichte Bauweise wird durch eine rohrförmige Ausbildung des Sammelkastens gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung erreicht. Besonders bevorzugt weist die Abdeckplatte an Rändern von Durchbrüchen Fortsätze auf, die in Durchbrüche eines Gehäuses des Sammelkastens eingreifen. Umgekehrt ist es nach einer weiteren Ausführungsform möglich, Durchbrüche des Sammelkastengehäuses mit Fortsätzen zu versehen, die in Durchbrüche der Abdeckplatte eingreifen. In beiden Fällen ist die Fertigungssicherheit durch eine Ausrichtung der miteinander fluchtenden Durchbrüche in der Abdeckplatte und in dem Sammelkastengehäuse erhöht.According to a preferred embodiment, an optionally integrated into the tail collecting tank with the cover plate is fluid-tight soldered or welded. According to another advantageous embodiment of the collecting box is integrally formed with the cover plate, whereby the production is simplified. A particularly lightweight design is achieved by a tubular design of the collecting tank according to a further embodiment of the invention. Particularly preferably, the cover plate on edges of openings on extensions which engage in openings of a housing of the collecting tank. Conversely, it is possible according to a further embodiment, to provide openings of the collection box housing with extensions which engage in openings of the cover plate. In both cases, the manufacturing safety is increased by an alignment of the mutually aligned openings in the cover plate and in the collection box housing.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform weisen die Durchtrittsöffnungen, die durch die miteinander fluchtenden Durchbrüche in der Abdeckplatte und in dem Sammelkastengehäuse gebildet werden, unterschiedliche Strömungsquerschnitte auf. Dadurch wird auf einfache Weise eine Anpassung der Verteilung des ersten Mediums an die Strömungsverhältnisse in der zugehörigen Sammelkammer ermöglicht. Insbesondere eine gleichmäßige Verteilung auf mehrere Strömungspfade ist dabei erstrebenswert, wobei aber auch eine bewußt ungleichmäßige Verteilung denkbar ist, beispielsweise bei ungleichmäßigem Massenstrom des zweiten Mediums über eine Stirnfläche des Wärmeübertragers. Vorteilhafterweise sind die Durchtrittsöffnungen mit unterschiedlichen Strömungsquerschnitten stromaufwärts der Wärmeübertragungskanäle angeordnet, wodurch die Strömung in den Strömungspfaden besonders einfach ausgleichbar ist. Wenn Durchströmmengen durch die Strömungspfade auf einer Eintrittsseite für das erste Medium geregelt werden, sind die Durchtrittsöffnungen auf der Austrittsseite größer gestaltbar, beispielsweise mit einem Strömungsquerschnitt, der dem Strömungsquerschnitt des jeweiligen Strömungspfades entspricht. Wird der Wärmeübertrager beispielsweise als Verdampfer in einem Kältemittelkreislauf verwendet, sind die Druckverhältnisse entlang des Kreislaufs vorteilhafter für die Leistungsfähigkeit des Wärmeübertragers, wenn Strömungsquerschnitte vor einer Erwärmung des Kältemittels eingeengt sind, als bei einer Einengung der Strömungsquerschnitte nach der Erwärmung.According to a preferred embodiment, the passage openings, which are formed by the mutually aligned openings in the cover plate and in the collection box housing, have different flow cross-sections. As a result, an adaptation of the distribution of the first medium to the flow conditions in the associated collection chamber is made possible in a simple manner. In particular, a uniform distribution over a plurality of flow paths is desirable, but also a deliberately uneven distribution is conceivable, for example, at uneven mass flow of the second medium over an end face of the heat exchanger. Advantageously, the passage openings are arranged with different flow cross-sections upstream of the heat transfer channels, whereby the flow in the flow paths is particularly easily compensated. If throughflows are regulated by the flow paths on an inlet side for the first medium, the passage openings on the outlet side can be made larger, for example, with a flow cross section which corresponds to the flow cross section of the respective flow path. If the heat exchanger is used, for example, as an evaporator in a refrigerant circuit, the pressure conditions along the circuit are more advantageous for the performance of the heat exchanger, if flow cross sections are narrowed before heating the refrigerant, as in a narrowing of the flow cross sections after heating.
Die Strömungsquerschnitte der Durchtrittsöffnungen sind gemäß einer Ausgestaltung an eine Druckverteilung des ersten Mediums innerhalb der betreffenden Sammelkammer anpaßbar. Bei einer anderen Ausgestaltung sind die Strömungsquerschnitte an eine Dichteverteilung des ersten Mediums innerhalb der betreffenden Sammelkammer anpaßbar. Unter der Dichte eines Mediums im Sinne der Erfindung ist bei einphasigen Medien die physikalische Dichte zu verstehen, während bei mehrphasigen Medien, beispielsweise bei Medien, die teilweise flüssig und teilweise gasförmig vorliegen, eine über das jeweils betreffende Volumen gemittelte Dichte zu verstehen ist.The flow cross-sections of the passage openings are adaptable according to an embodiment of a pressure distribution of the first medium within the respective collection chamber. In another embodiment, the flow cross sections can be adapted to a density distribution of the first medium within the respective collection chamber. For the purposes of the invention, the density of a medium is to be understood as the physical density in single-phase media, while in the case of multiphase media, for example in media which are partly liquid and partly gaseous, a density averaged over the volume in question is to be understood.
Aus ähnlichen Gründen sind die Querschnittsflächen der ersten und der zweiten Sammelkammer bei einer bevorzugten Ausführung voneinander verschieden. Besonders bevorzugt sind die Querschnittsflächen der Sammelkammern an die Dichteverhältnisse des ersten Mediums in den Kammern anpaßbar.For similar reasons, the cross sectional areas of the first and second plenums are different from one another in a preferred embodiment. Particularly preferably, the cross-sectional areas of the collecting chambers can be adapted to the density ratios of the first medium in the chambers.
Weitere Ausführungformen des erfindungsgemäßen Wärmeübertragers beziehen sich auf die Verschaltung der Strömungspfadabschnitte mittels Umlenkkanälen in der Umlenkplatte.Further embodiments of the heat exchanger according to the invention relate to the interconnection of the flow path sections by means of deflection channels in the deflection plate.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung werden durch einen Umlenkkanal Strömungspfadabschnitte miteinander verbunden, die in Hauptströmungsrichtung des zweiten Mediums nebeneinander angeordnet sind. Man spricht dann von einer Umlenkung in der Breite. Dadurch ist es möglich, mehrere oder eventuell alle Strömungspfadabschnitte innerhalb einer Reihe beziehungsweise innerhalb einer Rohrreihe miteinander zu einem Strömungspfad zu verbinden. Dies führt zu einer zumindest teilweisen Serpentinenbauweise des Wärmeübertragers. Bei einer anderen Ausgestaltung fluchten die miteinander verbundenen Strömungspfadabschnitte in Hauptströmungsrichtung des zweiten Mediums. Man spricht dann von einer Umlenkung in der Tiefe. Dadurch ist es möglich, Strömungspfade für das erste Medium parallel oder antiparallel zur Hauptströmungsrichtung des zweiten Mediums zu verschalten. Dies führt zu einer zumindest teilweisen Gegenstrombauweise des Wärmeübertragers.According to an advantageous embodiment, flow path sections are connected to each other by a deflection channel, which are arranged side by side in the main flow direction of the second medium. One speaks then of a deflection in the width. This makes it possible to connect several or possibly all flow path sections within a row or within a row of pipes together to form a flow path. This leads to an at least partial serpentine construction of the heat exchanger. In another embodiment, the interconnected flow path sections are aligned in the main flow direction of the second medium. One speaks then of a deflection in the depth. This makes it possible to connect flow paths for the first medium parallel or antiparallel to the main flow direction of the second medium. This leads to an at least partial countercurrent construction of the heat exchanger.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform werden durch einen Umlenkkanal zwei Strömungspfadabschnitte innerhalb eines Rohres miteinander verbunden. Das bedeutet, daß das erste Medium in einer Richtung durch das Rohr strömt und in Gegenrichtung durch dasselbe Rohr zurückströmt. Durch eine Verwendung von Rohren mit vielen Wärmeübertragungskanälen wird so die Gesamtanzahl der Rohre und damit der Fertigungsaufwand verringert.According to a further embodiment, two flow path sections are interconnected within a tube by a deflection channel. This means that the first medium flows in one direction through the tube and flows back in the opposite direction through the same tube. By using pipes with many heat transfer channels so the total number of tubes and thus the manufacturing cost is reduced.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung ist die Anzahl der Abschnitte zumindest eines Strömungspfades durch zwei teilbar. Dies bedeutet, daß eine zweireihige Anordnung der Strömungspfadabschnitte einfach verschaltbar ist, indem die erste Hälfte der Abschnitte eines Strömungspfades in einer ersten Reihe angeordnet und durch Umlenkungen in der Breite miteinander verbunden ist, wohingegen die zweite Hälfte der Abschnitte in einer zweiten Reihe angeordnet und ebenfalls durch Umlenkungen in der Breite miteinander verbunden ist, wobei die beiden Hälften des Strömungspfades durch eine Umlenkung in der Tiefe verbunden sind. Diese Umlenkung in der Tiefe geschieht beispielsweise in einem Umlenkkanal einer Umlenkplatte eines Rohrbodens auf der den Sammelkammern gegenüberliegenden Seite des Wärmeübertragers. Besonders bevorzugt ist die Anzahl der Abschnitte des Strömungspfades durch vier teilbar. Dies bedeutet, daß bei einer zweireihigen Anordnung der Strömungspfadabschnitte mit der oben beschriebenen Verschaltung die Umlenkung in der Tiefe auf der Seite des Wärmeübertragers geschieht, auf der sich auch die Sammelkammern befinden. Dadurch ist nur eine Umlenkplatte des Wärmeübertragers zu konfigurieren, wenn der Wärmeübertrager für vorgegebene Anforderungen ausgelegt wird, während andere Bauteile unverändert übernommen werden.According to a preferred embodiment, the number of sections of at least one flow path is divisible by two. This means that a two-row arrangement of the flow path sections is easily interconnected by the first half of the sections of a flow path arranged in a first row and connected by deflections in the width, whereas the second half of the sections arranged in a second row and also through Deflections in width are interconnected, with the two Halves of the flow path are connected by a deflection in depth. This deflection in depth is done for example in a deflection of a baffle plate of a tube plate on the side opposite the collecting chambers of the heat exchanger. Particularly preferably, the number of sections of the flow path is divisible by four. This means that in a double-row arrangement of the flow path sections with the above-described interconnection, the deflection takes place in the depth on the side of the heat exchanger on which the collection chambers are located. As a result, only one baffle of the heat exchanger is to be configured when the heat exchanger is designed for given requirements, while other components are taken over unchanged.
Bei einer Ausgestaltung werden die ersten und letzten Strömungspfadabschnitte innerhalb einer oder mehrerer Rohrreihen nicht als hydraulisch erste Abschnitte von Strömungspfaden beaufschlagt, da im Randbereich von Sammelkammern, die üblicherweise entlang Rohrreihen angeordnet sind, die Strömungs- und/oder Druckverhältnisse des ersten Mediums ungünstig für eine Beaufschlagung von Strömungspfaden sind.In one embodiment, the first and last flow path sections within one or more rows of tubes are not acted upon as hydraulically first sections of flow paths, since in the edge region of collection chambers, which are usually arranged along rows of tubes, the flow and / or pressure conditions of the first medium are unfavorable for loading of flow paths are.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführung verlaufen zwei benachbarte Strömungspfade spiegelsymmetrisch zueinander. Besonders bevorzugt kommunizieren Umlenkkanäle zumindest zweier Strömungspfade. Dadurch wird innerhalb der Strömungspfade ein zusätzlicher Ausgleich der Durchströmung bewirkt. Bei einem spiegelsymmetrischen Verlauf der miteinander kommunizierenden Strömungspfade ist eine Kommunikation der dann gegebenenfalls benachbarten Umlenkkanäle besonders einfach zu bewerkstelligen, beispielsweise durch ein Weglassen eines Steges, der unter Umständen ansonsten zwischen zwei Umlenkkanälen vorhanden ist.According to an advantageous embodiment, two adjacent flow paths are mirror-symmetrical to each other. Particularly preferably, deflection channels communicate at least two flow paths. As a result, an additional compensation of the flow is effected within the flow paths. In the case of a mirror-symmetrical course of the flow paths communicating with one another, it is particularly easy to communicate the optionally adjacent deflection channels, for example by omitting a web which may otherwise be present between two deflection channels.
Bei einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführung ändert sich ein Strömungsquerschnitt eines Strömungspfades während seines Verlaufes. Dies ist sehr einfach zu verwirklichen, indem beispielsweise Strömungspfadabschnitte mit wenigen Wärmeübertragungskanälen über entsprechend konfigurierte Umlenkkanäle mit Strömungspfadabschnitten mit vielen Wärmeübertragungskanälen verbunden werden. Besonders bevorzugt ist eine Anpassung des Strömungsquerschnitts eines Strömungspfades an eine sich entlang des Strömungspfades ändernde Dichte des ersten Mediums.In a further preferred embodiment, a flow cross section of a flow path changes during its course. This is very easy to realize, for example, by connecting flow path sections with few heat transfer channels via correspondingly configured deflection channels with flow path sections with many heat transfer channels. An adaptation of the flow cross section of a flow path to a density of the first medium changing along the flow path is particularly preferred.
Vorteilhaft ist eine Ausgestaltung, bei der alle Abschnitte zumindest eines Strömungspfades in Hauptströmungsrichtung des zweiten Mediums miteinander fluchten. Besonders vorteilhaft sind alle Strömungspfade des Wärmeübertragers in dieser Weise ausgebildet, wodurch eine reine Gegenstrombauweise des Wärmeübertragers auf einfache Weise, nämlich durch entsprechend konfigurierte Umlenkkanäle in einer Umlenkplatte, ermöglicht wird.An embodiment is advantageous in which all sections of at least one flow path in the main flow direction of the second medium are aligned with one another. Particularly advantageously, all flow paths of the heat exchanger are formed in this manner, whereby a pure countercurrent construction of the heat exchanger in a simple manner, namely by appropriately configured deflection channels in a baffle is possible.
Der Wärmeübertragers kann aus Flachrohren bestehen, die von einem flüssigen und/oder dampfförmigen Kältemittel durchströmt werden, zwischen den Flachrohren angeordneten, von Umgebungsluft beaufschlagten Wellrippen, einer Sammel- und Verteileinrichtung für die Zufuhr und die Abfuhr des Kältemittels, wobei die Sammel- und Verteileinrichtung aus einer Mehrzahl von übereinander geschichteten, durchbrochenen Platten besteht, wodurch Kältemittelkanäle gebildet werden, wobei die Enden der Flachrohre in Aufnahmeöffnungen einer Bodenplatte gehalten sind und einer Umlenkeinrichtung zur Umlenkung des Kältemittels in Strömungsrichtung der Umgebungsluft, und wobei der Wärmeübertrager aus einer Reihe von Flachrohren besteht, wobei jeweils ein Flachrohr zwei parallel verlaufende Strömungsabschnitte, die nacheinander durchströmt und über die Umlenkeinrichtung verbunden sind, aufweist, wobei jedes Flachrohr endseitig eine Nut zwischen den beiden Strömungsabschnitten in der Mitte des Flachrohrendes aufweist und daß die Bodenplatte zwischen den Aufnahmeöffnungen Stege aufweist, die in ihren Abmessungen bezüglich Höhe und Breite den Nuten entsprechen und mit den Nuten jeweils eine Fügeverbindung bilden.The heat exchanger may consist of flat tubes, which are flowed through by a liquid and / or vapor refrigerant, arranged between the flat tubes, acted upon by ambient air corrugated fins, a collecting and distributing device for the supply and discharge of the refrigerant, wherein the collecting and distributing device a plurality of stacked, perforated plates, whereby refrigerant channels are formed, wherein the ends of the flat tubes are held in receiving openings of a bottom plate and a deflector for deflecting the refrigerant in the direction of flow of ambient air, and wherein the heat exchanger consists of a series of flat tubes, wherein in each case a flat tube two parallel flow sections, which flows through one after the other and over the Deflection device are connected, wherein each flat tube end has a groove between the two flow sections in the middle of the flat tube end and that the bottom plate between the receiving openings webs, which correspond in their dimensions in height and width of the grooves and with the grooves each have a joint connection form.
Die Umlenkeinrichtung kann durch eine weitere Bodenplatte mit Aufnahmeöffnungen und Stegen gebildet sein, die mit der endseitigen Nut der Flachrohre eine Fügeverbindung bilden.The deflection can be formed by a further base plate with receiving openings and webs, which form a joint connection with the end-side groove of the flat tubes.
Die Umlenkeinrichtung kann zusätzlich eine Kanalplatte mit durchgehenden Schlitzen und eine geschlossene Abdeckplatte aufweisen.The deflection device may additionally have a channel plate with through slots and a closed cover plate.
Die Sammel- und Verteileinrichtung kann eine Kanalplatte mit Kanalöffnungen und Stegen zwischen den Kanalöffnungen, eine Abdeckplatte mit Kältemitteleintritts- und -austrittsöffnungen und einen Kältemittel-Zufuhr- und einen Kältemittel-Abfuhrkanal, die parallel zueinander und in Längsrichtung des Wärmeübertragers angeordnet sind, aufweisen, wobei die Bodenplatte, die Kanalplatte und die Abdeckplatte derart übereinander angeordnet sind, daß die Öffnungen in den Platten mit den Flachrohrenden fluchten.The collecting and distributing means may include a channel plate having channel openings and lands between the channel openings, a cover plate having refrigerant entrance and exit openings and a refrigerant supply and a refrigerant discharge channel, which are arranged parallel to each other and in the longitudinal direction of the heat exchanger, wherein the bottom plate, the channel plate and the cover plate are arranged one above the other in such a way that the openings in the plates are aligned with the flat tube ends.
Die Kältemitteleintrittsöffnungen können als kalibrierte Bohrungen ausgebildet sein, wobei der Durchmesser der Bohrungen insbesondere variabel ist. Ebenfalls bevorzugt sind die Abdeckplatte sowie die Kältemittelzufuhr- und -abfuhrkanäle einstückig ausgebildet.The refrigerant inlet openings may be formed as calibrated bores, wherein the diameter of the bores is in particular variable. Also preferably, the cover plate and the refrigerant supply and -abfuhrkanäle are integrally formed.
Der Wärmeübertrager, der insbesondere als Verdampfer für Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlagen verwendbar ist, kann aus Flachrohren bestehen, die von einem flüssigen und/oder dampfförmigen Kältemittel durchströmt werden, zwischen den Flachrohren angeordneten, von Umgebungsluft beaufschlagten Wellrippen, einer Sammel- und Verteileinrichtung für die Zufuhr und die Abfuhr des Kältemittels, wobei die Sammel- und Verteileinrichtung aus einer Mehrzahl von übereinander geschichteten, durchbrochenen Platten besteht, wodurch Kältemittel-Kanäle gebildet werden, wobei die Enden der Flachrohre in Aufnahmeöffnungen einer Bodenplatte gehalten sind, und einer Umlenkeinrichtung zur Umlenkung des Kältemittels in Strömungsrichtung der Umgebungsluft. Der Wärmeübertrager besteht dabei aus einer Reihe von Flachrohren, wobei jeweils ein Flachrohr zwei parallel verlaufende Strömungsabschnitte, die nacheinander durchströmbar und über die Umlenkeinrichtung verbunden sind, aufweist und wobei die Sammel- und Verteileinrichtung eine zwischen Kältemitteleintritt und -austritt angeordnete Kalibriereinrichtung aufweist, die als Abdeckplatte mit Kalibrieröffnungen für die Kältemittelverteilung ausgebildet ist. Bevorzugt sind die Kalibrieröffnungen auf der Kältemitteleintrittsseite angeordnet.The heat exchanger, which can be used in particular as an evaporator for motor vehicle air conditioners is, may consist of flat tubes, which are flowed through by a liquid and / or vapor refrigerant, arranged between the flat tubes, acted upon by ambient air corrugated fins, a collecting and distributing device for the supply and the discharge of the refrigerant, wherein the collecting and distributing device a plurality of stacked, perforated plates, whereby refrigerant channels are formed, wherein the ends of the flat tubes are held in receiving openings of a bottom plate, and a deflection device for deflecting the refrigerant in the flow direction of the ambient air. The heat exchanger consists of a series of flat tubes, wherein in each case a flat tube two parallel flow sections, which are successively flowed through and connected via the deflection, and wherein the collecting and distributing device has a between refrigerant inlet and outlet arranged calibration device, which serves as a cover plate is formed with calibration openings for the refrigerant distribution. Preferably, the calibration openings are arranged on the refrigerant inlet side.
Die Kalibrieröffnungen können unterschiedliche Strömungsquerschnitte aufweisen. Bevorzugt werden die Strömungsquerschnitte der Kalibrieröffnungen in Richtung des Druckabfalles des Kältemittels im Zufuhrkanal größer. Besonders bevorzugt sind die Strömungsquerschnitte der Kalibrieröffnungen in Abhängigkeit vom spezifischen Volumen des Kältemittels bzw. dessen Dampfgehalt variabel.The calibration can have different flow cross sections. The flow cross sections of the calibration openings are preferably larger in the direction of the pressure drop of the refrigerant in the feed channel. Particularly preferably, the flow cross sections of the calibration openings are variable depending on the specific volume of the refrigerant or its vapor content.
Die Flachrohre können als Serpentinensegmente ausgebildet sein und die Umlenkeinrichtung kann in der Sammel- und Verteileinrichtung angeordnet sein.The flat tubes can be designed as serpentine segments and the deflection device can be arranged in the collecting and distributing device.
Die Sammel- und Verteileinrichtung kann eine Kanalplatte mit durchgehenden Kanalöffnungen zur Umlenkung des Kältemittels und Kanalöffnungen mit Stegen, eine Abdeckplatte mit Kältemitteleintitts- und Austrittsöffnungen und einen Kältemittelzufuhr- und einen Kältemittelabfuhrkanal aufweisen. Die Kanalöffnungen mit Stegen sind dabei jeweils mit dem ersten Flachrohrende des Serpentinensegments fluchtend angeordnet, wohingegen die durchgehenden Kanalöffnungen mit dem zweiten Flachrohrende des Serpentinensegments fluchtend angeordnet sind, wobei die Kältemittelein- und -austrittsöffnungen mit den Kanalöffnungen fluchten und die durchgehenden Kanalöffnungen durch die Abdeckplatte abgedeckt sind. Bevorzugt weisen die Serpentinensegmente zwei oder drei Umlenkungen in der Breite auf.The collecting and distributing device can be a channel plate with continuous channel openings for Deflection of the refrigerant and channel openings with webs, a cover plate with refrigerant inlet and outlet openings and a refrigerant supply and a refrigerant discharge channel have. The channel openings with webs are in each case arranged in alignment with the first flat tube end of the serpentine segment, whereas the through channel openings are arranged in alignment with the second flat tube end of the serpentine segment, wherein the refrigerant inlet and outlet openings are aligned with the channel openings and the continuous channel openings are covered by the cover plate , Preferably, the serpentine segments have two or three deflections in width.
Die Flachrohre können als U-Rohre, das heißt mit je einer Umlenkung (in der Breite) ausgebildet sein. Besonders bevorzugt sind jeweils zwei U-Rohre kältemittelseitig hintereinander geschaltet, und jeweils zwei benachbarte Kanalöffnungen, die einem U-Rohrauslaß und einem U-Rohreinlaß zugeordnet sind, stehen durch einen Querkanal in der Kanalplatte miteinander in Kältemittelverbindung.The flat tubes can be designed as U-tubes, that is, each with a deflection (in width). Two U-tubes are particularly preferably connected in series on the refrigerant side, and two adjacent channel openings, which are assigned to a U-tube outlet and a U-tube inlet, are in refrigerant communication with each other through a transverse channel in the channel plate.
Bevorzugt ist die Breite b der Kanalöffnungen in der Kanalplatte größer als die Breite a der Aufnahmeöffnungen in der Bodenplatte. Ebenfalls vorteilhaft ist die Tiefe der Nut in den Flachrohrenden größer als die Dicke der Bodenplatte.Preferably, the width b of the channel openings in the channel plate is greater than the width a of the receiving openings in the bottom plate. Also advantageously, the depth of the groove in the flat tube ends is greater than the thickness of the bottom plate.
Vorteilhafterweise treffen auf den Wärmeübertrager eine oder mehrere der folgenden Maßangaben zu:
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- einen Parallelstromverdampfer in Explosivdarstellung,
- Fig. 2
- einen Verdampfer mit Serpentinensegment (Umlenkung in der Breite),
- Fig. 3
- einen Verdampfer mit U-Rohren,
- Fig. 4
- einen Schnitt IV-IV durch Verdampfer gemäß
Fig. 3 , - Fig. 5
- einen Schnitt V-V durch Verdampfer gemäß
Fig. 3 , - Fig. 6
- einen Verdampfer mit hintereinandergeschalteten U-Rohren (Umlenkung in der Breite),
- Fig. 7
- einen Wärmeübertrager in Querschnittsdarstellung,
- Fig. 8
- einen Wärmeübertrager in einer Teilansicht,
- Fig. 9
- einen Wärmeübertrager in einer Teilansicht,
- Fig. 10
- eine Umlenkplatte,
- Fig. 11
- einen Rohrboden in einer Teilansicht,
- Fig. 12
- einen Rohrboden in Explosivdarstellung,
- Fig. 13
- einen Rohrboden in Querschnittsdarstellung,
- Fig. 14
- einen Rohrboden in Längsschnittsdarstellung,
- Fig. 15
- einen Rohrboden,
- Fig. 16
- einen Rohrboden in Querschnittsdarstellung,
- Fig. 17
- einen Wärmeübertrager in einer Teilansicht,
- Fig. 18
- einen Rohrboden in Querschnittsdarstellung,
- Fig. 19
- einen Rohrboden,
- Fig. 20
- einen Rohrboden,
- Fig. 21
- einen Rohrboden,
- Fig. 22
- einen Rohrboden,
- Fig. 23
- einen Rohrboden,
- Fig. 24
- einen Wärmeübertrager in einer Teilansicht und
- Fig. 25
- einen Rohrboden in einer Teilansicht.
- Fig. 1
- a parallel flow evaporator in explosive representation,
- Fig. 2
- an evaporator with serpentine segment (deflection in the width),
- Fig. 3
- an evaporator with U-tubes,
- Fig. 4
- a section IV-IV by evaporator according to
Fig. 3 . - Fig. 5
- a section VV by evaporator according to
Fig. 3 . - Fig. 6
- an evaporator with U-tubes connected in series (deflection in the width),
- Fig. 7
- a heat exchanger in cross-sectional view,
- Fig. 8
- a heat exchanger in a partial view,
- Fig. 9
- a heat exchanger in a partial view,
- Fig. 10
- a baffle,
- Fig. 11
- a tube plate in a partial view,
- Fig. 12
- a tube sheet in an exploded view,
- Fig. 13
- a tube plate in cross-sectional view,
- Fig. 14
- a tube plate in longitudinal section,
- Fig. 15
- a tube sheet,
- Fig. 16
- a tube plate in cross-sectional view,
- Fig. 17
- a heat exchanger in a partial view,
- Fig. 18
- a tube plate in cross-sectional view,
- Fig. 19
- a tube sheet,
- Fig. 20
- a tube sheet,
- Fig. 21
- a tube sheet,
- Fig. 22
- a tube sheet,
- Fig. 23
- a tube sheet,
- Fig. 24
- a heat exchanger in a partial view and
- Fig. 25
- a tube sheet in a partial view.
In der Zeichnung oberhalb der Flachrohre 2, 3 ist eine Bodenplatte 8 dargestellt, in welcher eine erste Reihe von schlitzförmigen Durchbrüchen 9a - 9f und eine zweite Reihe von ebensolchen Durchbrüchen 10a - 10f angeordnet sind. Die Öffnungen 9a und 10a, 9b und 10b usw. liegen in Richtung der Tiefe (Luftströmungsrichtung L) hintereinander und belassen zwischen sich jeweils Stege 11a, 11b - 11 f. Diese Stege 11a - 11f entsprechen hinsichtlich ihrer Breite in Tiefenrichtung der Breite der Aussparung 5 der Rohrenden 2a. Die Zahl der Öffnungen 9a - 9f bzw. 10a - 10f entspricht der Zahl der Flachrohre 2, 3.In the drawing above the
In der Zeichnung oberhalb der Bodenplatte 8 ist eine sogenannte Umlenkplatte 12 dargestellt, in welcher zwei Reihen von Durchbrüchen 13a - 13f und 14a - 14f (teilweise verdeckt) angeordnet sind. Die Anordnung der Durchbrüche 13a - f und 14a - f entspricht der Anordnung der Durchbrüche 9a - 9f bzw. 10a - 10f, allerdings sind die Durchbrüche 13a - f und 14a - f hinsichtlich ihrer Breite b und Tiefe größer als die entsprechenden Abmessungen der Durchbrüche 9a - 9f bzw. 10a - 10f, die jeweils nur eine Breite von a aufweisen, welche der Dicke der Flachrohre 2, 3 entspricht. Zwischen den Durchbrüchen 13a, 14a, 13b, 14b - 13f u. 14f sind jeweils Stege 15a - 15f belassen. Diese Stege 15a - 15f sind hinsichtlich ihren Abmessungen in Tiefenrichtung kleiner als die entsprechenden Abmessungen der Stege 11a - 11f der Bodenplatte 8.In the drawing above the
In der Zeichnung oberhalb der Umlenkplatte 12 ist eine sogenannte Abdeckplatte 16 dargestellt, die eine erste Reihe von Kältemitteleintrittsdurchbrüchen 17a - 17f und eine zweite Reihe von Kältemittelaustrittsdurchbrüchen 18a - 18f aufweist. Diese Durchbrüche 17a - 17f u. 18a - 18f sind vorzugsweise als kreisförmige Bohrungen ausgebildet und hinsichtlich ihres Durchmessers an die gewünschte Kältemittelverteilung bzw.-strömungsmenge angepaßt.In the drawing above the
Schließlich befindet sich in der Zeichnung oberhalb der Abdeckplatte 16 ein Sammelkasten 19 mit einem Gehäuse und jeweils einer Sammelkammer 20, 21 für die Zufuhr und die Abfuhr des Kältemittels. Der Sammelkasten weist für beide Sammelkammern an ihrer Unterseite, gestrichelt dargestellt, Durchbrüche 22a - f und 23a - f auf, die hinsichtlich Lage und Größe mit den Durchbrüchen 17a - f und 18a - f korrespondieren.Finally, in the drawing above the
In der Zeichnung unterhalb der Flachrohre 2, 3 ist eine weitere Bodenplatte 24 dargestellt, die analog zu der ersten Bodenplatte 8 zwei Reihen von schlitzförmigen Durchbrüchen 25a - f und 26a - f aufweist. Zwischen den Durchbrüchen 25a und 26a bis 25f und 26f befinden sich ebenfalls Stege 27a - f (teilweise verdeckt), wobei diese Stege hinsichtlich ihrer Breite in Tiefenrichtung der Breite der Aussparung 6 in dem Ende des Flachrohres 2 entsprechen. In der Zeichnung unterhalb der zweiten Bodenplatte 24 ist eine weitere Umlenkplatte 28 dargestellt, die durchgehende Umlenkkanäle 29a - 29f aufweist. Diese Umlenkkanäle 29a - f erstrecken sich über die gesamte Tiefe t der Flachrohre 2, 3.In the drawing below the
Schließlich ist in der Zeichnung unten eine Abdeckplatte 30 dargestellt, die keine Durchbrüche aufweist, sondern die Umlenkkanäle 29a - 29f gegenüber der Umgebung des Wärmeübertragers verschließt.Finally, in the drawing below, a
Die oben beschriebenen Einzelteile des Verdampfers 1 werden wie folgt montiert: Auf die Flachrohrenden 2a usw. wird die Bodenplatte 8 aufgesetzt, so daß die Stege 11a - 11f in den Aussparungen 5 der Flachrohrenden zu liegen kommen. Über die Bodenplatte 8 werden dann die Umlenkplatte 12, die Abdeckplatte 16 sowie der Sammelkasten 19 mit den Sammelkammern 20, 21 gestapelt. In analoger Weise wird die untere Bodenplatte 24 auf die Flachrohrenden 2b geschoben, so daß die Stege 27a - 27f in den Aussparungen 6 zu liegen kommen; danach werden die Kanalplatte 28 und die Abdeckplatte 29 angefügt. Nachdem der Verdampfer 1 somit zusammengefügt ist, wird er im Lötofen zu einem festen Block verlötet. Während des Lötprozesses werden die Platten durch eine form- oder kraftschlüssige Verspannung in ihrer Position zueinander gehalten. Es ist aber auch möglich, zuerst das Endstück aus Bodenplatte, Umlenkplatte und Abdeckplatte zu montieren und anschließend mit Flachrohren zu verbinden.The above-described constituent parts of the evaporator 1 are mounted as follows: On the flat tube ends 2a, etc., the
Der Verlauf der Kältemittelströmung ist exemplarisch anhand einer Reihe von Pfeilen V1 - V5 auf der Vorderseite des Verdampfers, durch den Umlenkpfeil U in dem Umlenkkanal 29c und die Pfeile R1, R2 und R3 auf der Rückseite des Verdampfers 1 dargestellt. Das Kältemittel, hier also CO2, durchströmt den Verdampfer somit zunächst auf der Vorderseite von oben nach unten, und zwar in dem vorderen Abschnitt 2d des Flachrohres 2, wird in dem unteren, aus den Platten 24, 28, 30 bestehenden Rohrboden in der Tiefe umgelenkt und strömt auf der Rückseite des Verdampfers 1, d. h. in dem rückwärtigen Strömungsabschnitt 2e des Flachrohres 2 von unten nach oben, entsprechend den Pfeilen R1, R2 und R3 bis in die Sammelkammer 21.The course of the refrigerant flow is shown by way of example with reference to a series of arrows V1-V5 on the front side of the evaporator, through the deflection arrow U in the
Der Kältemittelströmungsweg ist durch Pfeile verdeutlicht: Zunächst verläßt das Kältemittel über den Pfeil E1 die Sammelkammer 53, folgt dann entsprechend den Pfeilen E2, E3, E4 und gelangt in den vorderen Strömungsabschnitt des Flachrohrschenkels 42 und durchströmt das gesamte Serpentinensegment 41 auf seiner Vorderseite und tritt bei E6 aus dem letzten Schenkel 45 aus, gelangt in den Umlenkkanal 61, wo es entsprechend dem Pfeil U in der Tiefe umgelenkt wird, um dann, dem Pfeil R1 folgend, die Rückseite des Serpentinensegmentes zu durchströmen, also in der entgegengesetzten Richtung, wie auf der Vorderseite. Schließlich gelangt dieser Kältemittelstrom über den Pfeil R2, d. h. durch den Durchbruch 64 in die Sammelkammer 54.The refrigerant flow path is illustrated by arrows: First, the refrigerant leaves the
Durch diese Bauweise wird also eine Umlenkung des Kältemittels in der Breite des Verdampfers, d.h. quer zur Hauptströmungsrichtung der Luft erzielt, und zwar zunächst in der Zeichnung von rechts nach links auf der Vorderseite, und dann von links nach rechts auf der Rückseite. Wie bereits oben erwähnt, schließen sich an den in der Zeichnung dargestellten Serpentinensegmentabschnitt 41 ein oder mehrere nicht dargestellte Serpentinensegmentabschnitte an.By this construction, therefore, a deflection of the refrigerant in the width of the evaporator, i. scored transversely to the main flow direction of the air, first in the drawing from right to left on the front, and then from left to right on the back. As already mentioned above, one or more serpentine segment sections (not shown) adjoin the
In
Die Strömung des Kältemittels erfolgt entsprechend den Pfeilen, d.h. das Kältemittel tritt bei E in den vorderen Strömungsabschnitt des U-Rohres 71 a ein, strömt zunächst nach unten, wird unten umgelenkt, strömt dann nach oben und gelangt in den Umlenkkanal 79, wo es dem Pfeil U entsprechend umgelenkt wird, strömt dann auf der Rückseite nach unten, wird dort umgelenkt und strömt dann wieder nach oben, um über den Pfeil A durch den Durchbruch 77 durchzutreten. Die Zu- und Abfuhr des Kältemittels wird anhand der folgenden Figur, entsprechend den Schnitten IV - IV und V - V beschrieben.The flow of the refrigerant is according to the arrows, i. the refrigerant enters at E in the front flow section of the U-tube 71 a, initially flows down, is deflected down, then flows upwards and enters the
Diese Bauweise des Verdampfers gemäß
In
Zusammenfassend ermöglicht die Erfindung einen Wärmeübertrager, der aus einer Reihe von Rohren (zur Realisierung von Wärmeübertragungskanälen), zwei Platten (die Rohrböden) und zwei Rohren (die Sammelkästen) besteht. Damit ist ein äußerst einfacher und darüberhinaus druckstabiler Aufbau des Wärmeübertragers realisierbar.In summary, the invention allows a heat exchanger, which consists of a series of tubes (for the realization of heat transfer channels), two plates (the tubesheets) and two tubes (the collection boxes). This is an extremely simple and also pressure-stable construction of the heat exchanger feasible.
Die
Der Rohrboden 2010 in
Die vorliegende Erfindung wurde teilweise am Beispiel eines Verdampfers beschrieben. Es wird jedoch darauf hingewiesen, daß der erfindungsgemäße Wärmeübertrager auch für andere Verwendungen geeignet ist.The present invention has been described in part by the example of an evaporator. It is noted, however, that the heat exchanger according to the invention is also suitable for other uses.
Claims (34)
- Heat exchanger, in particular for a motor vehicle, having tubes (2) through which a first medium can flow in heat-exchange passages and around which a second medium can flow, it being possibly for the first medium to be passed from a first collection chamber (20) to a second collection chamber (21), and having at least one end piece, which comprises a tube plate made up of individual plates bearing against one another, ends of the tubes (2) being connected to a base plate (8) of the tube plate, and at least one through-passage (13a) being formed by a cutout in a diverter plate (12) of the tube plate, which through-passage can be closed off in a fluid-tight manner with respect to an environment surrounding the heat exchanger by means of a cover plate (16), characterized in that the end piece comprises a collection box (19) having a housing and at least one collection chamber (20), the housing and the cover plate (16) having apertures (17a, 22a) which are aligned with one another and through which the at least one collection chamber (20) is in communication with the at least one through-passage (13a).
- Heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the collection box (160) is welded or brazed to the cover plate (150).
- Heat exchanger as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the collection box is formed integrally with the cover plate.
- Heat exchanger as claimed in one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the collection box (160) is of tubular design.
- Heat exchanger as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cover plate (150), at edges of apertures (250), has extensions (330) which engage in apertures (270) in the collection box housing (290).
- Heat exchanger as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the housing of the collection box, at the edges of apertures, has extensions which engage in apertures in the cover plate.
- Heat exchanger as claimed in one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the through-openings, which are respectively formed by two aligned apertures, have different cross sections of flow.
- Heat exchanger as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the through-openings with different cross sections of flow are arranged upstream of the heat-exchange passages.
- Heat exchanger as claimed in claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the cross sections of flow of the through-openings increase in the direction of a decreasing pressure of the first medium inside the collection chamber in a region of the through-openings while the heat exchanger is operating.
- Heat exchanger as claimed in one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the cross sections of flow of the through-openings increase in the direction of a decreasing density of the first medium within the collection chamber in a region of the through-openings while the heat exchanger is operating.
- Heat exchanger as claimed in one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a cross-sectional area of the first collection chamber is larger or smaller than a cross-sectional area of the second collection chamber.
- Heat exchanger as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that a ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the collection chambers is approximately equal to the reciprocal of a ratio of the densities of the first medium within the collection chambers while the heat exchanger is operating.
- Heat exchanger as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one diverter passage (61), formed by a cutout in the diverter plate (51), connects the heat-exchange passages of two flow-path sections through which the first medium can flow in succession to one another, in particular on the basis of predetermined criteria.
- Heat exchanger as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that the two flow-path sections which are connected to one another are arranged laterally next to one another in a main direction of flow of the second medium.
- Heat exchanger as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that the two flow-path sections which are connected to one another are aligned with one another in a main direction of flow of the second medium.
- Heat exchanger as claimed in one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the two flow-path sections which are connected to one another are arranged in a single tube.
- Heat exchanger as claimed in one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the number of sections of at least one flow path can be divided by two, in particular, by four.
- Heat exchanger as claimed in one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that for each flow path hydraulically the first section is arranged in a tube which, within a row of tubes, is adjoined by tubes on two opposite sides.
- Heat exchanger as claimed in one of claims 13 to 18, characterized in that two adjacent flow paths run mirror-symmetrically with respect to one another.
- Heat exchanger as claimed in one of claims 13 to 19, characterized in that diverter passages of at least two flow paths communicate with one another.
- Heat exchanger as claimed in one of claims 13 to 20, characterized in that a cross section of flow of a flow path changes from one section to a hydraulically succeeding section.
- Heat exchanger as claimed in claim 21, characterized in that the cross section of flow of the flow path increases in the direction of a decreasing density of the first medium within the flow path while the heat exchanger is operating.
- Heat exchanger as claimed in one of claims 13 to 22, characterized in that all sections of at least one flow path are aligned with one another in the main direction of flow of the second medium.
- Heat exchanger as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a tube has a cutout at a tube end and the tube plate has a tube-receiving part with a web, the cutout and the web being of similar width and in particular similar height.
- Heat exchanger as claimed in claim 24, characterized in that the height of the cutout is greater than that of the web.
- Heat exchanger as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the diverter plate is formed integrally with the base plate and/or with the cover plate.
- Heat exchanger as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base plate, the diverter plate and/or the cover plate are fully separated in regions between through-passages and/or diverter passages and/or have cutouts in the form of apertures or notches.
- Heat exchanger as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a tube is deformed approximately into a U shape one or more times.
- Heat exchanger as claimed in claim 28, characterized in that the ends of the at least one deformed tube can be connected to the same base plate.
- Heat exchanger as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat exchanger has precisely one end piece with a tube plate comprising individual plates bearing against one another.
- Heat exchanger as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the diverter plate is welded or brazed to the base plate and/or to the cover plate.
- Heat exchanger as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base plate, the diverter plate and/or the cover plate has, at an edge of at least one aperture, an extension which engages into an aperture in an adjacent plate.
- Heat exchanger as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubes are welded or brazed to the base plate.
- Heat exchanger as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubes are formed as flat tubes, in particular with corrugated fins between them.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP08018381.7A EP2026028B1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2002-12-19 | Heat exchanger, more particularly for automotive vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10163202 | 2001-12-21 | ||
DE10163202 | 2001-12-21 | ||
DE10234118 | 2002-07-26 | ||
DE10234118 | 2002-07-26 | ||
DE10240556 | 2002-08-29 | ||
DE10240556 | 2002-08-29 | ||
PCT/EP2002/014581 WO2003054466A1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2002-12-19 | Heat exchanger, particularly for a motor vehicle |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08018381.7A Division EP2026028B1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2002-12-19 | Heat exchanger, more particularly for automotive vehicle |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1459027A1 EP1459027A1 (en) | 2004-09-22 |
EP1459027B1 true EP1459027B1 (en) | 2008-10-29 |
Family
ID=27214689
Family Applications (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02798351A Expired - Lifetime EP1459027B1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2002-12-19 | Heat exchanger, particularly for a motor vehicle |
EP02793087A Expired - Lifetime EP1459025B1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2002-12-19 | Device for exchanging heat |
EP08018381.7A Expired - Lifetime EP2026028B1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2002-12-19 | Heat exchanger, more particularly for automotive vehicle |
EP02795237A Expired - Lifetime EP1459026B1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2002-12-19 | Heat exchanger, particularly for a motor vehicle |
Family Applications After (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02793087A Expired - Lifetime EP1459025B1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2002-12-19 | Device for exchanging heat |
EP08018381.7A Expired - Lifetime EP2026028B1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2002-12-19 | Heat exchanger, more particularly for automotive vehicle |
EP02795237A Expired - Lifetime EP1459026B1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2002-12-19 | Heat exchanger, particularly for a motor vehicle |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US7650935B2 (en) |
EP (4) | EP1459027B1 (en) |
JP (4) | JP4121085B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100925910B1 (en) |
CN (2) | CN100342196C (en) |
AT (3) | ATE458975T1 (en) |
AU (3) | AU2002360056A1 (en) |
BR (3) | BR0215235A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2471164C (en) |
DE (6) | DE50214246D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2316640T3 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA04006151A (en) |
WO (3) | WO2003054466A1 (en) |
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