EP1458934A1 - Method for applying elements to surfaces of constructed objects used for road traffic - Google Patents

Method for applying elements to surfaces of constructed objects used for road traffic

Info

Publication number
EP1458934A1
EP1458934A1 EP02782630A EP02782630A EP1458934A1 EP 1458934 A1 EP1458934 A1 EP 1458934A1 EP 02782630 A EP02782630 A EP 02782630A EP 02782630 A EP02782630 A EP 02782630A EP 1458934 A1 EP1458934 A1 EP 1458934A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
sonotrode
mechanical
excitation
shaped
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02782630A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1458934B1 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Plasonig
Christoph Niederhauser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Woodwelding AG
Original Assignee
Woodwelding AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Woodwelding AG filed Critical Woodwelding AG
Publication of EP1458934A1 publication Critical patent/EP1458934A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1458934B1 publication Critical patent/EP1458934B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
    • E01C23/16—Devices for marking-out, applying, or forming traffic or like markings on finished paving; Protecting fresh markings
    • E01C23/18—Devices for marking-out, applying, or forming traffic or like markings on finished paving; Protecting fresh markings for applying prefabricated markings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
    • E01C11/16—Reinforcements
    • E01C11/18—Reinforcements for cement concrete pavings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of the first claim.
  • the method is used for attaching or attaching elements to surfaces of road construction objects, for example attaching marking or signaling elements on streets or squares, in garages or parking garages or on house or tunnel walls, that is to say on documents, in particular made of asphalt or concrete.
  • the invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method and the elements which can be attached with the method according to the preambles of the corresponding patent claims.
  • thermoplastic strips and the underlying asphalt surface are melted with a gas flame so that the molten materials combine with each other after cooling.
  • Disadvantages of this process are that, on the one hand, a very large volume of covering has to be heated and, on the other hand, the process is very time-consuming due to the long warm-up and cool-down phases.
  • the energy requirement high and the melting process is difficult to control and therefore not very suitable for automation. Handling open flames and gas containers is also associated with safety risks and therefore also requires additional manipulation effort.
  • solvent-based paints are sprayed onto the desired surface.
  • the surface must first be cleaned as thoroughly as possible, and then the marking geometries must be covered or appropriate templates applied. Sprayed-on markings, however, are only applied superficially and usually have a short lifespan due to wear and abrasion.
  • solvents, paint particles and others are partially removed. harmful substances released into the environment.
  • Prefabricated signaling strips are also glued to the base with adhesives, with all the disadvantages as already described above.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for the permanent or temporary attachment of elements to surfaces of road construction objects, that is to say to documents which in particular consist of asphalt or concrete.
  • the elements mentioned consist at least partially of a material which can be liquefied by mechanical excitation (for example thermoplastic), ie the entire element consists of a material with at least one liquefiable (for example thermoplastic) component) or at least one area of the element to be directed against the base consists of such a material.
  • the element is positioned on the surface on which it is to be applied and then pressed at least locally against the base and mechanically excited in such a way that the liquefiable material is at least locally and temporarily liquefied and forms a connection between the base and the element after re-solidification.
  • the mechanical excitation can also partially melt the surface onto which the element is pressed.
  • the mechanical excitation is usually based on excitation by means of a sonotrode (piezoelectric excitation for higher frequencies, magnetostrictive excitation for lower frequencies).
  • the excitation is preferably based on mechanical vibrations with a frequency which is in the range of ultrasound, depending on which is also at lower frequencies. The frequencies are chosen depending on the application. By varying the frequency, it can be determined how much the liquefiable material and possibly surrounding areas (base) are liquefied or heated. The degree of liquefaction and heating is influenced by the amplitude, the frequency and the duration of the excitation. Another important aspect is the way in which the mechanical vibrations are coupled into the element to be attached or into the area to be liquefied. The element can be made part of the vibrating body for this coupling, for example.
  • the partial liquefaction and re-solidification advantageously with a simultaneous pressing action, creates a connection between the element and the base.
  • the energy used to melt the liquefiable material is introduced in a controlled manner in terms of location and time. Due to this locally and temporally controlled influence of energy, the adjacent areas are not unnecessarily heated.
  • the strength of the connection is influenced by the strength of the mechanical energy (pulse, frequency) and / or the duration of the excitation. Depending on the field of application, it is possible to create connections that are very durable or those that can be easily removed again. A longer excitation period or a stronger excitation due to a higher frequency or amplitude ensures that a stronger connection results, for example by liquefying more material.
  • the method according to the invention is suitable for a very wide variety of uses in the areas of road traffic, for example in road construction, in signaling construction, when attaching joint seals and so on. It is suitable, inter alia, for attaching signaling strips or signaling images, which are used, for example, in the form of appropriately punched foils and, for example, are attached to street surfaces or to tunnel walls, for example center or edge strips, arrows or writings.
  • the method according to the invention is also suitable for attaching signaling elements which should functionally protrude over a surface to which they are attached.
  • signaling elements are understood to mean, for example, elements which are attached in the region of a center line or an edge line of a road and which, when driving over, indicate to a driver by vibrations that they are being crossed. If necessary, these elements can be designed to be reflective, so that they are improved especially in low light. are recognizable. In the case of highways in particular, these elements can be designed such that they have direction-differentiating properties. This means, for example, an embodiment that reflects white in the direction of travel and red in the opposite direction. This indicates to a wrong-way driver his mistake. Other configurations are also possible.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for fastening elements which are fabric-like or are based on a film material. These are, for example, center or side lines on streets, pedestrian strips, stop lines, direction indicators (arrows), etc.
  • the elements can be quasi endless (continuous lines) or limited.
  • the film material of such elements advantageously has a flat or mesh-like carrier film which is provided, for example, with a coating which can be liquefied by mechanical excitation. This mechanically liquefiable coating is designed flat on the side to be directed against the base or has protruding elements which serve as energy direction indicators and lead to a concentration of the mechanically stimulating energy in such a way that an increased melting takes place locally.
  • the side of the elements to be attached which is to be directed against the base, can also be coated with a liquefiable material only in certain areas, or three-dimensional areas made of the liquefiable material can be provided thereon instead of the coating, for example pins, rings or others, for example regularly via the distributed surface of the element to be connected to the base.
  • the position of such three-dimensional connection forms are advantageously marked accordingly on the opposite side from which the mechanical vibrations are coupled in, so that the mechanical energy can be selectively introduced at the correct points.
  • Another area of application of the method according to the invention is the attachment of reinforcements to surfaces of building objects in the road traffic area.
  • the reinforcement tapes described above are pressed onto the surface of the building object to be reinforced, prestressed depending on the location, and connected to the surface by mechanical excitation. Since the connection can be established in a very short time, a non-linear pre-tension can be realized, which guarantees optimal results.
  • the compounds that can be produced by the method according to the invention can be permanent or only temporary. Temporary is understood to mean, for example, connections that should only exist for a foreseeable period of time. In the area of construction sites in particular, where it is necessary to divert traffic for a certain period of time, appropriate connections are sensible, which can be easily established and released again. In the area of construction sites, it is particularly useful to make temporary markings that have a film, for example in the form of an endless band, as the basic structure and that have a coating that is mechanically excited with the road surface. surface can be connected. With a suitable device, endless or limited signaling elements can thus be attached very easily in a continuous process.
  • the same device can be used in a reverse manner, namely for re-liquefying, filling and removing.
  • the connections can also be designed so that the tapes can be detached again without special aids.
  • a pretreatment to dry the substrate can be done by preheating, whereby, for example, a hot roller is more suitable than open gas flames. In certain cases, pre-treatment (drying, priming) is not necessary.
  • the method can be used for different element thicknesses and element geometries. In contrast to today's melting methods, the material thickness can be minimized. Preheating can reduce the time required for mechanical excitation and improve adhesion.
  • Compounds which are produced by means of the invention disclosed here are distinguished by good adhesion to a wide variety of porous substrates. They show good resistance to specific influences such as weather, abrasion, etc.
  • the surface structure can be shaped directly by the application tool or by a subsequent tool. This surface structure can take on additional functions. This can consist, for example, in that the driver perceives a noise when driving over, which is caused by the contact between the rotating tire and the surface structure of the signaling element, so that the driver is shown that he is crossing the marking.
  • the device for attaching the elements does not carry any liquid, volatile and flammable substances, which significantly increases occupational safety.
  • Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a device for attaching
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a device for attaching
  • Fig. 3 shows a third embodiment of an apparatus for attaching
  • Figs. 5 to 8 further exemplary elements which can be attached to the surfaces of road construction objects using the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in a highly simplified manner, the essential elements of a first embodiment of a fastening device 1 for attaching an element 2, for example a marking element (interrupted marking strip) on a road surface, for example made of asphalt or concrete.
  • the element 2 to be applied is strip-shaped and is separated from a tape, the tape being rolled up on a supply reel 3.
  • the element 2 consists, for example, of a carrier material coated at least on one side, for example a film made of plastic or metal, which is coated with a material that can be melted by mechanical excitation.
  • This fusible material is, for example, thermoplastic (for example polypropylene).
  • the element 2 can also consist entirely of the meltable material.
  • the tape for the element 2 is unwound from the supply roll 3 and pressed by a first roller 4 onto the surface (eg road surface) on which the element 2 is to adhere.
  • the working direction is shown here schematically by an arrow X.
  • the converter 7, which is used to convert electrical to mechanical vibrations, is driven by a generator 9.
  • the converter usually contains piezo elements that convert electrical vibrations, which are typically above 20 kHz, into corresponding mechanical vibrations.
  • the converter's work area is selected to suit the application.
  • the frequencies are usually in the range between 2 kHz and 400 kHz.
  • the amplifier 8 functions as a mechanical amplifier by transforming vibrations due to its design, concentrating and transferring them to the sonotrode 6.
  • the elements of the oscillation unit 10 are generally optimized for an area of application or a frequency and preferably oscillate in resonance.
  • the vibrating unit 10 causes the element 2 and possibly the surface on which the element 2 is to be applied to vibrate. The resulting internal and external friction ensures that the element 2 is melted at least in some areas and, if necessary, also the substrate. A high degree of plasticization is achieved due to the high shear effect.
  • the fastening device 1 serves to fasten the element 2 in a continuous or discontinuous process.
  • a cutting device 11 is arranged behind the second roller 5. This serves to separate the element 2 when the marking strip to be applied is not continuous, as shown.
  • this case is shown schematically in that a first element 2 of a marking strip is shown behind the fastening device.
  • a detachment device 12 can be seen, which is used for the expedient detachment of an element 2 from a substrate after it has been partially liquefied by the vibration units.
  • the shape of the sonotrode 6 and the other elements of the vibration unit determine the type of the vibrations and their coupling into the element 2 to be fastened. Elongated or cylindrical shapes are preferred which extend over the entire width of the element and extend towards the bottom, i.e. taper towards element 2 to be processed.
  • FIG 2 shows a further embodiment of a fastening device 1 for attaching an element 2 on a substrate.
  • the fastening device 1 here has two rollers 13 at the bottom and two rollers 14 at the top, which serve to deflect a link chain 15.
  • the link chain 15 has an embossed structure 16 on its outer surface, which serves to impress a surface structure 17 into the element 2.
  • a sonotrode 6 is arranged here between the two rollers 13 located below and serves to indirectly excite the electrode. mentes 2 over the link chain 15.
  • the element 2 is arranged between the link chain 15 and the substrate during processing.
  • the material for the element 2 is stored on a supply roll 3 and is drawn off from it during processing.
  • a cutting device 11 is used to separate an element 2 from the material of the supply roll. This can be arranged in front of or behind the link chain 15.
  • the fastening device 1 is preferably self-propelled or can be used as part of another machine. It has a corresponding design for processing differently shaped elements 2.
  • FIG 3 shows a further embodiment of a fastening device 1 for attaching elements 2 on a surface.
  • the fastening device 1 has a vibrating device 10 with a rotating sonotrode 6.
  • the sonotrode 6 is designed here as a sonotrode roller, which is excited by a converter 7 to preferably radial vibrations. The vibrations are transferred to the element 2 and cause it to be plasticized in some areas.
  • a roller 4, 5 is arranged in the working direction (x direction) in front of and behind the sonotrode roller 6, . These are used for pressing and pressing the element 2 onto and into the surface of the substrate.
  • the rollers 4, 5 serve as guides and as support rollers.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic section along the axis of the sonotrode roller 6 according to FIG. 3.
  • the sonotrode roller 6 consists of a row of disks 18 which are connected to one another centrally via thin points 19.
  • the vibrations of the converter 7 are preferably introduced perpendicular to the axis A of the sonotrode roller.
  • the invention can be seen as follows: An environmentally friendly and safe working method for attaching or attaching elements to surfaces of building objects in the area of road traffic, which consists in pressing the element to be attached on the surface to which it is to be attached and by to liquefy local mechanical excitation during an excitation time, so that the element on the side facing the surface and possibly also the surface onto which the element is pressed is locally melted in such a way that the element is fastened to the base after cooling.
  • a mobile device for attaching a marking strip to, for example, a street surface consists of a device which can be moved over rollers or rollers 4, 5 and has at least one oscillating unit 10 comprising a sonotrode 6, converter 7 and amplifier 8 and a generator 9
  • marking strips attached to the road surface can have a profile which generates acoustic or various optical signals, such as, for example, white reflection in one direction and red reflection in the other direction.
  • FIGS. 5 to 8 show further elements 2 which can be attached to the surfaces of road construction objects by the method according to the invention.
  • These are discrete elements that cannot be handled by a supply spool. However, they can be added, for example, in a known manner at predetermined time intervals under the vibrating tool to a fastening device moving at a constant speed, for example along a street so that they are placed on the street surface at constant distances from each other.
  • the elements can also be attached individually using a hand-held device known from ultrasonic welding or a similar device.
  • FIG. 5 shows a flat element 2, which is shown as a rectangle, but which can have any shape.
  • the element On that side which is to be directed against the surface on which the element is to be attached, the element has knobs 20 along the edge. At least these knobs consist of the liquefiable material, possibly the entire edge area or the knob side of the edge area.
  • the element 2 according to FIG. 6 is disk-shaped and has, for example, a reflector in the middle of its side facing outwards. On its side to be directed against the surface on which the element is to be attached, the element 2 has a fastening ring 21. In the area of this ring 21, the element is excited from the outside, as illustrated by the arrows, and pressed against the surface, for example with a corresponding tubular sonotrode.
  • the fastening ring 21 can also be formed by a row of pins or knobs arranged along the edge of the element 1. At least the fastening ring 21, or pins or knobs serving the same purpose, possibly the entire element 2, consist of a material that can be liquefied by mechanical excitation.
  • FIG. 7 shows a disk-like element similar to that of FIG. 6.
  • an electronic module 25 with antenna 26 is arranged, as is the case for traffic control systems be used.
  • fastening the element by means of fastening ring 21, a hermetically sealed space is created for the electronic module.
  • the element 2 according to FIG. 7 can also have a shape other than disk-shaped.
  • FIG. 8 shows another element with an integrated electronic module 25 with antenna 26. These are positioned between two element parts 2.1 and 2.2, these two element parts being connected to one another, for example, together with the fastening of the entire element.
  • the element part 2.2 directed against the fastening side of the element consists at least partially of the liquefiable material.
  • the two element parts 2.1 and 2.2 can also be previously connected to one another, for example with adhesive, and only then attached to the surface provided for this purpose. It is also possible to integrate the electronic module by casting in the element during the manufacture of the element 2.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Repair (AREA)
  • Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

An environmentally sound method for applying or fixing elements ( 2 ) to constructed objects used for road traffic. The element ( 2 ), which is at least partially made of a material that can be liquefied by mechanical energy, is positioned on the surface, is pressed against the surface, and is simultaneously subjected to a local mechanical stimulation to liquefy the liquefiable material, and the element ( 2 ) binds with the surface upon re-solidifying. A mobile device ( 1 ) for applying elements ( 2 ) of this type, includes device that can travel via rolls or rollers ( 4, 5 ) and that is provided with at least one oscillating unit ( 10 ) including a sonotrode ( 6 ), a converter ( 7 ) and of an amplifier ( 8 ), and with a generator ( 9 ). The element ( 2 ) may be a marking or signaling element to be applied to roads or tunnel walls.

Description

VERFAHREN ZUM ANBRINGEN VON ELEMENTEN AUF METHOD FOR ATTACHING ELEMENTS ON
OBERFLÄCHEN VON BAUOBJEKTEN DESSURFACES OF CONSTRUCTION OBJECTS OF THE
STRASSENVERKEHRSROAD
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren nach dem Oberbegriff des ersten Patentanspruchs. Das Verfahren dient zum Anbringen bzw. Befestigen von Elementen auf Oberflächen von Bauobjekten des Strassenverkehrs, beispielsweise dem Anbringen von Markierungs- oder Signalisationselementen auf Strassen oder Plätzen, in Garagen oder Parkhäusern oder an Haus- oder Tunnelwänden, das heisst auf Unterlagen, die insbesondere aus Asphalt oder Beton bestehen. Die Erfindung betrifft auch eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens und das mit dem Verfahren anbringbare Elemente nach je den Oberbegriffen der entsprechenden Patentansprüche.The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of the first claim. The method is used for attaching or attaching elements to surfaces of road construction objects, for example attaching marking or signaling elements on streets or squares, in garages or parking garages or on house or tunnel walls, that is to say on documents, in particular made of asphalt or concrete. The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method and the elements which can be attached with the method according to the preambles of the corresponding patent claims.
Bekannte Verfahren bspw. zum Anbringen von Signalisationsstreifen auf Strassen beruhen im Wesentlichen auf zwei unterschiedlichen Methoden, nämlich auf thermisch herbeigeführtem Stoffschluss und auf chemisch herbeigeführtem Stoffschluss.Known methods, for example for attaching signaling strips to roads, are based essentially on two different methods, namely on thermally induced material closure and on chemically induced material closure.
Bei einem Verfahren aus der ersten Gruppe werden Thermoplaststreifen und die darunterliegende Asphaltoberfläche mit einer Gasflamme aufgeschmolzen, so dass sich die schmelzflüssigen Materialien nach dem Abkühlen miteinander verbinden. Nach- teile dieses Verfahrens bestehen darin, dass einerseits ein sehr grosses Belagsvolumen erwärmt werden muss und dass andererseits das Verfahren aufgrund der langen Aufwärm- und Abkühlphasen sehr zeitaufwändig ist. Zudem ist der Energiebedarf hoch und der Aufschmelzprozess schlecht kontrollierbar und somit zur Automatisierung wenig geeignet. Das Hantieren mit offenen Flammen und Gasbehältern ist zudem mit Sicherheitsrisiken verbunden und erfordert auch deswegen noch zusätzlichen Manipulationsaufwand.In a method from the first group, thermoplastic strips and the underlying asphalt surface are melted with a gas flame so that the molten materials combine with each other after cooling. Disadvantages of this process are that, on the one hand, a very large volume of covering has to be heated and, on the other hand, the process is very time-consuming due to the long warm-up and cool-down phases. In addition, the energy requirement high and the melting process is difficult to control and therefore not very suitable for automation. Handling open flames and gas containers is also associated with safety risks and therefore also requires additional manipulation effort.
Bei einem Verfahren der zweiten Gruppe werden lösungsmittelhaltige Anstriche auf die gewünschte Fläche aufgespritzt. In diesem Verfahren muss der Untergrund vorgehend möglichst gründlich gereinigt werden, und dann müssen die Markierungsgeometrien abgedeckt bzw. entsprechende Schablonen aufgelegt werden. Aufgespritzte Markierungen sind jedoch nur sehr oberflächlich angebracht und besitzen aufgrund von Abnutzung und Abrieb meist nur eine kurze Lebensdauer. Zudem werden beim Auftragen bzw. beim Abrieb des Anstrichs Lösungsmittel, Farbpartikel und andere z.T. schädliche Stoffe an die Umgebung abgegeben. Vorgefertigte Signalisa- tionsstreifen werden auch mit Klebemitteln auf die Unterlage geklebt, mit allen Nachteilen, wie sie oben schon beschrieben sind.In a method of the second group, solvent-based paints are sprayed onto the desired surface. In this procedure, the surface must first be cleaned as thoroughly as possible, and then the marking geometries must be covered or appropriate templates applied. Sprayed-on markings, however, are only applied superficially and usually have a short lifespan due to wear and abrasion. In addition, when applying or abrading the paint, solvents, paint particles and others are partially removed. harmful substances released into the environment. Prefabricated signaling strips are also glued to the base with adhesives, with all the disadvantages as already described above.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zu schaffen zum dauerhaften oder temporären Anbringen von Elementen auf Oberflächen von Bauobjekten des Strassen- verkehrs, auf Unterlagen also, die insbesondere aus Asphalt oder Beton bestehen.The object of the invention is to provide a method for the permanent or temporary attachment of elements to surfaces of road construction objects, that is to say to documents which in particular consist of asphalt or concrete.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Erfindung, wie sie in den Patentansprüchen definiert ist.This object is achieved by the invention as defined in the patent claims.
Gemäss Erfindung bestehen die genannten Elemente, beispielsweise Markierungsoder Signalisationselemente mindestens teilweise aus einem durch mechanische Anregung verflüssigbaren (z.B. thermoplastischen) Material, d.h. das ganze Element besteht aus einem Material mit mindestens einer verflüssigbaren (z.B. thermoplasti- schen) Komponente oder mindestens ein gegen die Unterlage zu richtender Bereich des Elements besteht aus einem derartigen Material. Das Element wird auf der Oberfläche, auf der es anzubringen ist, positioniert und dann mindestens lokal gegen die Unterlage gepresst und mechanisch angeregt, derart, dass das verflüssigbare Material mindestens lokal und vorübergehend verflüssigt wird und nach der Wiedererstarrung eine Verbindung zwischen Unterlage und Element bildet. Durch die mechanische Anregung kann auch die Oberfläche, auf die das Element gepresst wird, partiell aufgeschmolzen werden. Die mechanische Anregung basiert in der Regel auf Anregung mittels Sonotrode (piezoelektrische Anregung für höhere Frequenzen, magnetostrik- tive Anregung für tiefere Frequenzen). Die Anregung basiert bevorzugt auf mechanischen Schwingungen mit einer Frequenz, die im Bereich von Ultraschall, je nachdem auch bei tieferen Frequenzen liegt. Die Frequenzen werden je nach Anwendungsgebiet gewählt. Durch eine Variation der Frequenz kann bestimmt werden, wie stark das verflüssigbare Material und gegebenenfalls umliegende Bereiche (Unterlage) verflüssigt bzw. erwärmt werden. Das Mass der Verflüssigung und Erwärmung wird durch die Amplitude, die Frequenz und die Anregungsdauer beeinflusst. Ein weiterer wesentlicher Aspekt ist die Art der Einkopplung der mechanischen Schwingungen in das anzubringende Element oder in den zu verflüssigenden Bereich davon. Das Element kann beispielsweise für diese Einkoppelung zu einem Teil des Schwingkörpers gemacht werden. Durch die partielle Verflüssigung und das Wiedererstarren vorteilhafterweise bei gleichzeitiger Presswirkung wird eine Verbindung zwischen dem Element und der Unterlage erzeugt.According to the invention, the elements mentioned, for example marking or signaling elements, consist at least partially of a material which can be liquefied by mechanical excitation (for example thermoplastic), ie the entire element consists of a material with at least one liquefiable (for example thermoplastic) component) or at least one area of the element to be directed against the base consists of such a material. The element is positioned on the surface on which it is to be applied and then pressed at least locally against the base and mechanically excited in such a way that the liquefiable material is at least locally and temporarily liquefied and forms a connection between the base and the element after re-solidification. The mechanical excitation can also partially melt the surface onto which the element is pressed. The mechanical excitation is usually based on excitation by means of a sonotrode (piezoelectric excitation for higher frequencies, magnetostrictive excitation for lower frequencies). The excitation is preferably based on mechanical vibrations with a frequency which is in the range of ultrasound, depending on which is also at lower frequencies. The frequencies are chosen depending on the application. By varying the frequency, it can be determined how much the liquefiable material and possibly surrounding areas (base) are liquefied or heated. The degree of liquefaction and heating is influenced by the amplitude, the frequency and the duration of the excitation. Another important aspect is the way in which the mechanical vibrations are coupled into the element to be attached or into the area to be liquefied. The element can be made part of the vibrating body for this coupling, for example. The partial liquefaction and re-solidification, advantageously with a simultaneous pressing action, creates a connection between the element and the base.
Gemäss dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren wird die zum Aufschmelzen des verflüssigbaren Materials verwendete Energie örtlich und zeitlich kontrolliert einge- bracht. Durch dieses örtlich und zeitlich kontrollierte Einwirken von Energie, werden die angrenzenden Bereiche nicht unnötig erwärmt. Daraus ergeben sich verschiedene Vorteile. Zum einen kann die Verbindung mit wesentlich weniger Energie hergestellt werden. Dennoch ist die resultierende Verbindung, aufgrund der Art und Weise, in der sie hergestellt wird, sehr dauerhaft und belastbar. Zum anderen kann die Verbin- dung in wesentlich weniger Zeit hergestellt werden, da für das Einbringen der erforderlichen Energie wesentlich weniger Zeit beansprucht wird. Da keine weiteren Hilfsmittel wie Klebstoffe, Lösungsmittel oder andere Verbindungsmittel mit Laststoffen zum Einsatz kommen, ist das Verfahren zudem umweltfreundlich.According to the method according to the invention, the energy used to melt the liquefiable material is introduced in a controlled manner in terms of location and time. Due to this locally and temporally controlled influence of energy, the adjacent areas are not unnecessarily heated. This has various advantages. Firstly, the connection can be established with significantly less energy. However, the resulting connection is very durable and resilient due to the way it is made. On the other hand, the connection dung can be produced in much less time, since much less time is required to introduce the required energy. Since no other aids such as adhesives, solvents or other connecting agents with loads are used, the process is also environmentally friendly.
Die Festigkeit der Verbindung wird durch die Stärke der mechanischen Energie (Impuls, Frequenz) und/oder die Anregungsdauer beeinflusst. Je nach Anwendungsgebiet ist es so möglich, Verbindungen herzustellen, die sehr dauerhaft sind, oder solche, die einfach wieder gelöst werden können. Durch eine längere Anregungsdauer oder durch eine stärkere Anregung infolge einer höheren Frequenz oder Amplitude wird erreicht, dass eine stärkere Verbindung resultiert, beispielsweise indem mehr Material verflüssigt wird.The strength of the connection is influenced by the strength of the mechanical energy (pulse, frequency) and / or the duration of the excitation. Depending on the field of application, it is possible to create connections that are very durable or those that can be easily removed again. A longer excitation period or a stronger excitation due to a higher frequency or amplitude ensures that a stronger connection results, for example by liquefying more material.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren eignet sich für die unterschiedlichsten Einsätze im Bereiche des Strassenverkehrs wie bspw. im Strassenbau, im Signalisationsbau, beim Anbringen von Fugendichtungen und so weiter. Es eignet sich unter anderem zum Anbringen von Signalisationsstreifen oder Signalisationsabbildungen, die beispielsweise in Form von entsprechend gestanzten Folien angewendet werden und beispielsweise auf Strassenoberflächen oder an Tunnelwänden angebracht, beispielsweise Mittel- oder Randstreifen, Pfeile oder Schriften darstellen.The method according to the invention is suitable for a very wide variety of uses in the areas of road traffic, for example in road construction, in signaling construction, when attaching joint seals and so on. It is suitable, inter alia, for attaching signaling strips or signaling images, which are used, for example, in the form of appropriately punched foils and, for example, are attached to street surfaces or to tunnel walls, for example center or edge strips, arrows or writings.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren eignet sich aber auch zum Anbringen von Signali- sationselementen, die funktionell über eine Oberfläche, an der sie angebracht sind, vorstehen sollen. Unter solchen vorstehenden Signalisationselementen werden bspw. Elemente verstanden, die im Bereich einer Mittellinie oder einer Randlinie einer Strasse angebracht werden und die einem Fahrer beim Überfahren durch Vibrationen anzeigen, dass eine Überquerung derselben stattfindet. Diese Elemente können bei Bedarf reflektierend ausgebildet sein, so dass sie besonders bei wenig Licht verbes- sert erkennbar sind. Insbesondere bei Autobahnen können diese Elemente derart ausgestaltet werden, dass sie richtungsunterscheidende Eigenschaften aufweisen. Darunter wird zum Beispiel eine Ausgestaltung verstanden, die in Fahrtrichtung weiss reflektiert und in Gegenrichtung rot. Dadurch wird einem Falschfahrer sein Irrtum angezeigt. Auch andere Ausgestaltungen sind möglich.However, the method according to the invention is also suitable for attaching signaling elements which should functionally protrude over a surface to which they are attached. Such above signaling elements are understood to mean, for example, elements which are attached in the region of a center line or an edge line of a road and which, when driving over, indicate to a driver by vibrations that they are being crossed. If necessary, these elements can be designed to be reflective, so that they are improved especially in low light. are recognizable. In the case of highways in particular, these elements can be designed such that they have direction-differentiating properties. This means, for example, an embodiment that reflects white in the direction of travel and red in the opposite direction. This indicates to a wrong-way driver his mistake. Other configurations are also possible.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren ist besonders geeignet, um Elemente zu befestigen, die gewebeartig sind oder auf einem Folienmaterial basieren. Dies sind beispielsweise Mittel- oder Seitenlinien auf Strassen, Fussgängerstreifen, Haltelinien, Richtungsanzeigen (Pfeile), usw. Die Elemente können quasi endlos (durchgehende Linien) oder begrenzt sein. Das Folienmaterial derartiger Elemente weist vorteilhafterweise eine flächige oder netzartige Trägerfolie auf, die bspw. mit einer durch mechanische Anregung verflüssigbaren Beschichtung versehen ist. Diese mechanisch verflüssigbare Beschichtung ist auf gegen die Unterlage zu richtenden Seite eben ausgestaltet oder weist vorstehende Elemente auf, die als Energierichtungsgeber die- nen und zu einer Konzentration der mechanisch anregenden Energie führen, derart, dass lokal eine verstärkte Aufschmelzung erfolgt.The method according to the invention is particularly suitable for fastening elements which are fabric-like or are based on a film material. These are, for example, center or side lines on streets, pedestrian strips, stop lines, direction indicators (arrows), etc. The elements can be quasi endless (continuous lines) or limited. The film material of such elements advantageously has a flat or mesh-like carrier film which is provided, for example, with a coating which can be liquefied by mechanical excitation. This mechanically liquefiable coating is designed flat on the side to be directed against the base or has protruding elements which serve as energy direction indicators and lead to a concentration of the mechanically stimulating energy in such a way that an increased melting takes place locally.
Die gegen die Unterlage zu richtende Seite der anzubringenden Elemente kann auch nur bereichsweise mit einem verflüssigbaren Material beschichtet sein oder es können darauf anstelle der Beschichtung auch dreidimensionale Bereiche aus dem ver- flüssigbaren Material vorgesehen sein, beispielsweise Stifte, Ringe oder andere, beispielsweise regelmässig über die mit der Unterlage zu verbindende Oberfläche des Elementes verteilte Formen. Die Position derartiger dreidimensionaler Verbindungsformen sind vorteilhafterweise auf der Gegenseite, von der die mechanischen Schwingungen eingekoppelt werden, entsprechend markiert, damit die mechanische Energie selektiv an den richtigen Stellen eingebracht werden kann. Ein weiteres Anwendungsgebiet des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens ist die Befestigung von Armierungen an Oberflächen von Bauobjekten im Strassenverkehrsbe- reich. Aus dem Stand der Technik sind Verfahren bekannt, bei denen Brücken, insbesondere Brücken aus Beton saniert werden, indem auf der Unterseite, d.h. in dem Bereich, in dem die Struktur auf Zug beansprucht wird, Bänder aus hochfesten, steifen Fasern, zum Beispiel Kohlefasern, angebracht werden. Dies hat zum Ziel, dass die Struktur der Brücke höher belastet werden kann oder aber dass die Struktur der Brücke bei gleicher Belastung geschont wird. Gemäss dem Stande der Technik werden die Bänder mittels Klebemittel aufgebracht, was ein kostenintensives und damit teures und zudem gar nicht umweltschonendes Verfahren ist. Beim Verarbeiten müssen die Fasern vorgespannt werden, damit die Struktur von Anfang an wirkungsvoll entlastet wird. Die Vorspannung darf dabei jedoch nicht linear sein, sondern muss längs in der Mitte am höchsten und an den Rändern am tiefsten sein. Mit der hierin beschriebenen Erfindung ist es möglich, die oben beschriebenen Verstärkungsbänder sehr einfach und kostengünstig in einem kontinuierlichen Prozess zu verarbeiten. Die Verstärkungsbänder werden dazu auf die Oberfläche des zu verstärkenden Bauobjekts gepresst, abhängig vom Ort vorgespannt und durch mechanisches Anregen mit der Oberfläche verbunden. Da die Verbindung in sehr kurzer Zeit herstellbar ist, kann eine nichtlineare Vorspannung realisiert werden, die optimale Resultate garan- tiert.The side of the elements to be attached, which is to be directed against the base, can also be coated with a liquefiable material only in certain areas, or three-dimensional areas made of the liquefiable material can be provided thereon instead of the coating, for example pins, rings or others, for example regularly via the distributed surface of the element to be connected to the base. The position of such three-dimensional connection forms are advantageously marked accordingly on the opposite side from which the mechanical vibrations are coupled in, so that the mechanical energy can be selectively introduced at the correct points. Another area of application of the method according to the invention is the attachment of reinforcements to surfaces of building objects in the road traffic area. Methods are known from the prior art in which bridges, in particular bridges made of concrete, are renovated by using strips of high-strength, stiff fibers, for example carbon fibers, on the underside, ie in the region in which the structure is subjected to tension. be attached. The aim of this is that the structure of the bridge can be subjected to higher loads or that the structure of the bridge is protected with the same load. According to the prior art, the tapes are applied by means of an adhesive, which is a cost-intensive and therefore expensive process which is also not environmentally friendly. The fibers have to be pre-stressed during processing so that the structure is effectively relieved from the start. The preload must not be linear, however, but must be highest in the middle and lowest at the edges. With the invention described herein, it is possible to process the reinforcement tapes described above very easily and inexpensively in a continuous process. For this purpose, the reinforcement tapes are pressed onto the surface of the building object to be reinforced, prestressed depending on the location, and connected to the surface by mechanical excitation. Since the connection can be established in a very short time, a non-linear pre-tension can be realized, which guarantees optimal results.
Die Verbindungen, die mit dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren herstellbar sind, können dauerhaft oder nur vorübergehend sein. Unter vorübergehend werden zum Beispiel Verbindungen verstanden, die nur für eine absehbare Zeitdauer vorhanden sein sollen. Insbesondere im Bereich von Baustellen, wo es erforderlich ist, den Ver- kehr für eine gewisse Zeit umzuleiten, sind entsprechende Verbindungen sinnvoll, die einfach hergestellt und wieder gelöst werden können. Im Bereich von Baustellen ist es besonders sinnvoll, temporäre Markierungen anzubringen, die eine Folie, zum Beispiel in Form eines endlosen Bands, als Grundstruktur aufweisen und die eine Beschichtung aufweisen, welche mittels mechanischer Anregung mit der Strassen- oberfläche verbindbar sind. Mittels einer geeigneten Vorrichtung können somit endlose oder begrenzte Signalisationselemente sehr einfach in einem kontinuierlichen Prozess angebracht werden. Um eine Verbindung wieder zu lösen, kann dieselbe Vorrichtung in umgekehrter Art und Weise, nämlich für erneutes Verflüssigen, Ab- spachteln und Wegnehmen angewendet werden. Die Verbindungen können auch so ausgebildet sein, dass die Bänder ohne spezielle Hilfsmittel wieder abgelöst werden können. Eine Vorbehandlung zur Trocknung des Untergrundes kann durch Vorwärmen geschehen, wobei sich bspw. eine heisse Walze besser eignet als offene Gasflammen. In gewissen Fällen ist die Vorbehandlung (Trocknung, Grundierung) nicht erforderlich. Das Verfahren kann für verschiedene Elementdicken und Elementgeometrien eingesetzt werden. Im Unterschied zu heutigen Aufschmelzmethoden kann die Materialdicke minimiert werden. Durch ein Vorwärmen kann die für die mechanische Anregung notwendige Zeit reduziert und die Haftung verbessert werden. Verbindungen die mittels der hier offenbarten Erfindung hergestellt werden, zeichnen sich durch eine gute Adhäsion auf verschiedensten porösen Untergründen aus. Sie zeigen eine gute Beständigkeit gegen spezifische Einflüsse wie Witterung, Abrieb, etc.The compounds that can be produced by the method according to the invention can be permanent or only temporary. Temporary is understood to mean, for example, connections that should only exist for a foreseeable period of time. In the area of construction sites in particular, where it is necessary to divert traffic for a certain period of time, appropriate connections are sensible, which can be easily established and released again. In the area of construction sites, it is particularly useful to make temporary markings that have a film, for example in the form of an endless band, as the basic structure and that have a coating that is mechanically excited with the road surface. surface can be connected. With a suitable device, endless or limited signaling elements can thus be attached very easily in a continuous process. In order to release a connection again, the same device can be used in a reverse manner, namely for re-liquefying, filling and removing. The connections can also be designed so that the tapes can be detached again without special aids. A pretreatment to dry the substrate can be done by preheating, whereby, for example, a hot roller is more suitable than open gas flames. In certain cases, pre-treatment (drying, priming) is not necessary. The method can be used for different element thicknesses and element geometries. In contrast to today's melting methods, the material thickness can be minimized. Preheating can reduce the time required for mechanical excitation and improve adhesion. Compounds which are produced by means of the invention disclosed here are distinguished by good adhesion to a wide variety of porous substrates. They show good resistance to specific influences such as weather, abrasion, etc.
Da das Verfahren in der Regel keinen Einfluss auf die Geometrie des zu befestigenden Elementes hat, können kundenspezifische Geometrien, Oberflächenstrukturen und Farbgebungen realisiert werden. Die Oberflächenstruktur kann direkt durch das Auftragswerkzeug oder durch ein nachfolgendes Werkzeug geprägt werden. Diese Oberflächenstruktur kann Zusatzfunktionen übernehmen. Diese kann beispielsweise darin bestehen, dass der Fahrer beim Überfahren ein Geräusch wahrnimmt, das durch den Kontakt zwischen dem rotierenden Reifen und der Oberflächenstruktur des Si- gnalisationselementes entsteht, so dass dem Fahrer angezeigt wird, dass er die Markierung überquert. Die Vorteile des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens können wie folgt zusammengefasst werden:Since the method generally has no influence on the geometry of the element to be fastened, customer-specific geometries, surface structures and colors can be implemented. The surface structure can be shaped directly by the application tool or by a subsequent tool. This surface structure can take on additional functions. This can consist, for example, in that the driver perceives a noise when driving over, which is caused by the contact between the rotating tire and the surface structure of the signaling element, so that the driver is shown that he is crossing the marking. The advantages of the method according to the invention can be summarized as follows:
• Äusserst einfach durchführbar, mit hoher Leistungsfähigkeit und geringem Bedienungs- und Wartungsaufwand;• Extremely easy to carry out, with high performance and low operating and maintenance costs;
• Erhöhte Haftung zwischen dem angebrachten Element und der Unterlage durch die Verdünnflüssigung eines Teils des Materials während dem Befesti- gungsprozess;• Increased adhesion between the attached element and the base due to the dilution of part of the material during the fastening process;
• Verbesserte Haftung gegenüber herkömmlichen Verfahren mit offener Gasflamme dadurch, dass keine Verbrennungen entstehen und keine Russpartikel die Verbindungsflächen verschmutzen;• Improved adhesion compared to conventional processes with an open gas flame, because no burns occur and no soot particles contaminate the connecting surfaces;
• Sehr kurze Prozesszeiten (Zeit für mechanische Anregung und Erstarrungsoder Abkühlzeit)• Very short process times (time for mechanical excitation and solidification or cooling time)
• Die Vorrichtung zum Anbringen der Elemente führt keine flüssigen, flüchtigen und feuergefährlichen Stoffe mit, was die Arbeitssicherheit wesentlich erhöht.• The device for attaching the elements does not carry any liquid, volatile and flammable substances, which significantly increases occupational safety.
• Das Verfahren ist zudem umweltschonend, da vor allem keine flüchtigen Werkstoffe und Hilfsstoffe zum Einsatz kommen.• The process is also environmentally friendly because, above all, no volatile materials and auxiliary materials are used.
Im Zusammenhang mit den folgenden Figuren werden das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren und einige beispielhafte Ausführungsformen von Vorrichtungen zur Durch- führung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens und von nach dem Verfahren an Bauobjekten anbringbaren Elementen näher beschrieben. Es zeigen schematisch und stark vereinfacht: Fig. 1 eine erste Ausführungsform einer Vorrichtung zum Anbringen vonIn connection with the following figures, the method according to the invention and some exemplary embodiments of devices for carrying out the method according to the invention and of elements which can be attached to construction objects by the method are described in more detail. They show schematically and very simplified: Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a device for attaching
Markierungsstreifen;Marking stripe;
Fig. 2 eine zweite Ausführungsform einer Vorrichtung zum Anbringen vonFig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a device for attaching
Markierungsstreifen mit einer Gliederkette;Marking strips with a link chain;
Fig. 3 eine dritte Ausführungsform einer Vorrichtung zum Anbringen vonFig. 3 shows a third embodiment of an apparatus for attaching
Markierungsstreifen mittels einer Sonotrodenwalze;Marking strips using a sonotrode roller;
Fig. 4 einen Schnitt durch eine Sonotrodenwalze;4 shows a section through a sonotrode roller;
Figs. 5 bis 8 weitere, beispielhafte Elemente, die mit dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren auf Oberflächen von Bauobjekten des Strassenverkehrs an- bringbar sind.Figs. 5 to 8 further exemplary elements which can be attached to the surfaces of road construction objects using the method according to the invention.
Figur 1 zeigt stark vereinfacht die wesentlichen Elemente einer ersten Ausführungsform einer Befestigungsvorrichtung 1 zum Anbringen eines Elementes 2, beispielsweise eines Markierungselementes (unterbrochener Markierungsstreifen) auf einer Strassenoberfläche zum Beispiel aus Asphalt oder Beton. Das aufzubringende Ele- ment 2 ist streif enförmig und wird von einem Band abgetrennt, wobei das Band auf einer Vorratsspule 3 aufgerollt ist. Das Element 2 besteht beispielsweise aus einem mindestens einseitig beschichteten Trägermaterial, beispielsweise aus einer Folie aus Kunststoff oder Metall, die mit einem Material beschichtet ist, das durch mechanisches Anregen aufgeschmolzen werden kann. Bei diesem schmelzbaren Material handelt es sich beispielsweise um thermoplastischen Kunststoff (bspw. Polypropylen). Das Element 2 kann jedoch auch ganz aus dem schmelzbarem Material bestehen. Während sich die Befestigungsvorrichtung 1 in Arbeitsrichtung bewegt, wird das Band für das Element 2 von der Vorratsrolle 3 abgespult und durch eine erste Walze 4 auf die Oberfläche (z.B. Strassenoberfläche) gepresst, auf der das Element 2 haften soll. Die Arbeitsrichtung ist hier schematisch durch ein Pfeil X dargestellt. Hinter der ersten Walze 4 sind drei Sonotroden 6 zu erkennen, die mit einem Konverter (Schallwandler) 7 und einem mechanischen Verstärker 8 wirkverbunden sind. Der Konverter 7, der zur Umsetzung von elektrischen in mechanische Schwingungen dient, wird über einen Generator 9 angetrieben. Der Konverter beinhaltet in der Regel Piezoelemente, die elektrische Schwingungen, die typischer Weise über 20 kHz liegen, in entsprechende mechanische Schwingungen umsetzt. Der Arbeitsbereich des Konverters wird auf die Anwendung abgestimmt gewählt. Normalerweise liegen die Frequenzen im Bereich zwischen 2 kHz und 400 kHz.FIG. 1 shows, in a highly simplified manner, the essential elements of a first embodiment of a fastening device 1 for attaching an element 2, for example a marking element (interrupted marking strip) on a road surface, for example made of asphalt or concrete. The element 2 to be applied is strip-shaped and is separated from a tape, the tape being rolled up on a supply reel 3. The element 2 consists, for example, of a carrier material coated at least on one side, for example a film made of plastic or metal, which is coated with a material that can be melted by mechanical excitation. This fusible material is, for example, thermoplastic (for example polypropylene). However, the element 2 can also consist entirely of the meltable material. While the fastening device 1 is moving in the working direction, the tape for the element 2 is unwound from the supply roll 3 and pressed by a first roller 4 onto the surface (eg road surface) on which the element 2 is to adhere. The working direction is shown here schematically by an arrow X. Behind the first roller 4, three sonotrodes 6 can be seen, which are operatively connected to a converter (sound converter) 7 and a mechanical amplifier 8. The converter 7, which is used to convert electrical to mechanical vibrations, is driven by a generator 9. The converter usually contains piezo elements that convert electrical vibrations, which are typically above 20 kHz, into corresponding mechanical vibrations. The converter's work area is selected to suit the application. The frequencies are usually in the range between 2 kHz and 400 kHz.
Der Verstärker 8 funktioniert als mechanischer Verstärker, indem er Schwingungen aufgrund seiner Ausgestaltung transformiert, konzentriert und an die Sonotrode 6 übergibt. Die Sonotrode 6 bildet zusammen mit dem Verstärker 8 und dem Konverter 7 eine Schwingeinheit 10. Die Elemente der Schwingeinheit 10 werden in der Regel auf ein Einsatzgebiet, respektive eine Frequenz optimiert und schwingen bevorzugt in Resonanz. Durch die Schwingeinheit 10 wird das Element 2 und gegebenenfalls der Untergrund, auf dem das Element 2 anzubringen ist, zum Schwingen angeregt. Durch die entstehende interne und externe Reibung wird erzielt, dass das Element 2 mindestens bereichsweise und gegebenenfalls auch der Untergrund aufgeschmolzen werden. Durch die hohe Scherwirkung wird ein hoher Plastifizierungsgrad erreicht. Vorteilhafterweise während der Verflüssigung und danach wird das Element 2 gegen die Unterlage gepresst (Rolle 5), so dass nach dem Verfestigen Element und Unter- grund miteinander verbunden sind. Die gezeigte Befestigungsvorrichtung 1 weist drei Schwingeinheiten 10 auf. Diese können individuell angesteuert werden. Es versteht sich von selbst, dass eine Vorrichtung eine abweichende Anzahl von Schwingeinheiten aufweisen kann. Hinter den drei Schwingeinheiten 10 ist eine zweite Rolle 5 angeordnet, die das Element 2 während dem Auskühlen auf den Untergrund presst. Die erste und die zweite Rolle 4, 5 dienen bevorzugt zum Einstellen der Distanz zwischen den Sonotroden 6 und dem Element 2. Die Befestigungs Vorrichtung 1 dient zum Befestigen des Ele- mentes 2 in einem kontinuierlichen oder diskontinuierlichen Prozess.The amplifier 8 functions as a mechanical amplifier by transforming vibrations due to its design, concentrating and transferring them to the sonotrode 6. The sonotrode 6, together with the amplifier 8 and the converter 7, forms an oscillation unit 10. The elements of the oscillation unit 10 are generally optimized for an area of application or a frequency and preferably oscillate in resonance. The vibrating unit 10 causes the element 2 and possibly the surface on which the element 2 is to be applied to vibrate. The resulting internal and external friction ensures that the element 2 is melted at least in some areas and, if necessary, also the substrate. A high degree of plasticization is achieved due to the high shear effect. Advantageously, during the liquefaction and afterwards, the element 2 is pressed against the base (roller 5), so that after solidification, the element and the base are connected to one another. The fastening device 1 shown has three vibration units 10. These can be controlled individually. It goes without saying that a device can have a different number of vibration units. Behind the three vibrating units 10 there is a second roller 5 which presses the element 2 onto the substrate during cooling. The first and the second roller 4, 5 are preferably used to adjust the distance between the sonotrodes 6 and the element 2. The fastening device 1 serves to fasten the element 2 in a continuous or discontinuous process.
Hinter der zweiten Rolle 5 ist eine Schneidvorrichtung 11 angeordnet. Diese dient zum Abtrennen des Elementes 2, wenn der anzubringende Markierungsstreifen wie dargestellt nicht kontinuierlich ist. In der gezeigten Darstellung ist dieser Fall schematisch dargestellt, indem hinter der Befestigungsvorrichtung ein erstes Element 2 eines Markierungsstreifens abgebildet ist. Vor der ersten Rolle 4 ist eine Ablösevorrichtung 12 zu erkennen, die zum aflfälligen Ablösen eines Elementes 2 von einem Untergrund dient, nachdem dieses durch die Schwingeinheiten bereichsweise verflüssigt wurde.A cutting device 11 is arranged behind the second roller 5. This serves to separate the element 2 when the marking strip to be applied is not continuous, as shown. In the illustration shown, this case is shown schematically in that a first element 2 of a marking strip is shown behind the fastening device. In front of the first roller 4, a detachment device 12 can be seen, which is used for the expedient detachment of an element 2 from a substrate after it has been partially liquefied by the vibration units.
Durch die Form der Sonotrode 6 und die anderen Elemente der Schwingeinheit wird die Art und Weise der Schwingungen und deren Einkoppelung in das zu befestigende Element 2 bestimmt. Bevorzugt sind längliche oder zylindrische Formen, die sich über die gesamte Elementbreite erstrecken und sich gegen unten, d.h. zum zu verarbeitenden Element 2 hin verjüngen.The shape of the sonotrode 6 and the other elements of the vibration unit determine the type of the vibrations and their coupling into the element 2 to be fastened. Elongated or cylindrical shapes are preferred which extend over the entire width of the element and extend towards the bottom, i.e. taper towards element 2 to be processed.
Figur 2 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform einer Befestigungsvorrichtung 1 zum Anbringen eines Elementes 2 auf einem Untergrund. Die Befestigungsvorrichtung 1 weist hier zwei untenliegende Rollen 13 und zwei obenliegende Rollen 14 auf, die zum Umlenken einer Gliederkette 15 dienen. Die Gliederkette 15 weist auf ihrer äu- sseren Oberfläche eine Prägstruktur 16 auf, die zum Einprägen einer Oberflächenstruktur 17 in das Element 2 dient. Eine Sonotrode 6 ist hier zwischen den beiden untenliegenden Rollen 13 angeordnet und dient zum indirekten Anregen des Ele- mentes 2 über die Gliederkette 15. Das Element 2 ist während dem Verarbeiten zwischen der Gliederkette 15 und dem Untergrund angeordnet. Auch bei dieser Ausführungsform ist das Material für das Element 2 auf einer Vorratsrolle 3 gespeichert und wird von dieser während dem Verarbeiten abgezogen. Zum Abtrennen eines Elements 2 vom Material der Vorratsrolle dient eine Schneidevorrichtung 11. Diese kann vor oder hinter der Gliederkette 15 angeordnet sein. Durch die Verwendung von Gliederketten 15 mit unterschiedlichen Prägestrukturen 16 können den Elementen 2 unterschiedliche Oberflächenstrukturen eingeprägt werden.Figure 2 shows a further embodiment of a fastening device 1 for attaching an element 2 on a substrate. The fastening device 1 here has two rollers 13 at the bottom and two rollers 14 at the top, which serve to deflect a link chain 15. The link chain 15 has an embossed structure 16 on its outer surface, which serves to impress a surface structure 17 into the element 2. A sonotrode 6 is arranged here between the two rollers 13 located below and serves to indirectly excite the electrode. mentes 2 over the link chain 15. The element 2 is arranged between the link chain 15 and the substrate during processing. In this embodiment, too, the material for the element 2 is stored on a supply roll 3 and is drawn off from it during processing. A cutting device 11 is used to separate an element 2 from the material of the supply roll. This can be arranged in front of or behind the link chain 15. By using link chains 15 with different embossed structures 16, different surface structures can be impressed on the elements 2.
Zum Antreiben der Befestigungsvorrichtung 1 werden bevorzugt elektrische oder hydraulische Motoren verwendet (nicht näher dargestellt). Die Befestigungs Vorrichtung 1 ist bevorzugt selbstfahrend ausgebildet oder ist als Teil einer anderen Maschine verwendbar. Zum Verarbeiten von anders geformten Elementen 2 weist sie eine entsprechende Ausgestaltung auf.Electric or hydraulic motors are preferably used to drive the fastening device 1 (not shown in detail). The fastening device 1 is preferably self-propelled or can be used as part of another machine. It has a corresponding design for processing differently shaped elements 2.
Figur 3 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform einer Befestigungsvorrichtung 1 zum Anbringen von Elementen 2 auf einer Oberfläche. Die Befestigungs Vorrichtung 1 weist eine Schwingvorrichtung 10 mit einer rotierenden Sonotrode 6 auf. Die Sonotrode 6 ist hier als Sonotrodenwalze ausgebildet, die durch einen Konverter 7 zu vorzugsweise radialen Schwingen angeregt wird. Die Schwingungen werden auf das Element 2 übertragen und bewirken, dass dieses bereichsweise plastifiziert wird. In Arbeitsrichtung (x-Richtung) vor und hinter der Sonotrodenwalze 6 sind je eine Rolle 4, 5 angeordnet. Diese dienen zum Anpressen und Einpressen des Elementes 2 auf und in die Oberfläche des Untergrundes. Die Rollen 4, 5 dienen bei Bedarf zur Führung und als Tragwalzen. Vor und hinter den Rollen 4, 5 sind eine Schneide- und eine Ablösevorrichtung 11, 12 zu erkennen, die als Klingen ausgebildet sind und die zum Abtrennen und, wenn aktiviert, zum Ablösen des Elementes 2 dienen. Figur 4 zeigt einen schematischen Schnitt entlang der Achse der Sonotrodenwalze 6 gemäss Figur 3. Wie zu erkennen ist, besteht die Sonotrodenwalze 6 aus einer Hin- tereinanderreihung von Scheiben 18, die zentrisch über Dünnstellen 19 miteinander verbunden sind. Die Schwingungen des Konverters 7 werden vorzugsweise senk- recht zur Achse A der Sonotrodenwalze eingebracht.Figure 3 shows a further embodiment of a fastening device 1 for attaching elements 2 on a surface. The fastening device 1 has a vibrating device 10 with a rotating sonotrode 6. The sonotrode 6 is designed here as a sonotrode roller, which is excited by a converter 7 to preferably radial vibrations. The vibrations are transferred to the element 2 and cause it to be plasticized in some areas. In the working direction (x direction) in front of and behind the sonotrode roller 6, a roller 4, 5 is arranged. These are used for pressing and pressing the element 2 onto and into the surface of the substrate. The rollers 4, 5 serve as guides and as support rollers. In front of and behind the rollers 4, 5, a cutting and detaching device 11, 12 can be seen, which are designed as blades and which serve to separate and, if activated, to detach the element 2. FIG. 4 shows a schematic section along the axis of the sonotrode roller 6 according to FIG. 3. As can be seen, the sonotrode roller 6 consists of a row of disks 18 which are connected to one another centrally via thin points 19. The vibrations of the converter 7 are preferably introduced perpendicular to the axis A of the sonotrode roller.
Zusammengefasst kann man die Erfindung folgendermassen sehen: Ein umweltschonendes und sicheres Arbeitsverfahren zum Anbringen bzw. Befestigen von Elementen auf Oberflächen von Bauobjekten im Bereich des Strassenverkehrs, das darin besteht, das anzubringende Element auf der Oberfläche, an der es angebracht werden soll, anzupressen und durch lokales mechanisches Anregen während einer Anregungszeit zu verflüssigen, so dass das Element auf der der Oberfläche zugewandten Seite und gegebenenfalls auch die Oberfläche, auf die das Element gepresst wird, lokal aufgeschmolzen wird, derart, dass nach dem Abkühlen das Element auf der Unterlage befestigt ist. Eine fahrbare Vorrichtung zum Anbringen eines Markie- rungsstreifens auf beispielsweise einer Strassenoberf lache, besteht aus einer über Walzen oder Rollen 4, 5 fahrbaren Einrichtung mit mindestens einer Schwingeinheit 10 bestehend aus Sonotrode 6, Konverter 7 und Verstärker 8 und einem Generator 9. Die auf der Strassenoberfläche angebrachten Markierungsstreifen können neben ihrer Färbung eine Profilierung aufweisen, welche akustische oder verschiedene optische Signale erzeugt, wie bspw. weisse Reflexion in der einen, rote Reflexion in der anderen Richtung.In summary, the invention can be seen as follows: An environmentally friendly and safe working method for attaching or attaching elements to surfaces of building objects in the area of road traffic, which consists in pressing the element to be attached on the surface to which it is to be attached and by to liquefy local mechanical excitation during an excitation time, so that the element on the side facing the surface and possibly also the surface onto which the element is pressed is locally melted in such a way that the element is fastened to the base after cooling. A mobile device for attaching a marking strip to, for example, a street surface consists of a device which can be moved over rollers or rollers 4, 5 and has at least one oscillating unit 10 comprising a sonotrode 6, converter 7 and amplifier 8 and a generator 9 In addition to their coloring, marking strips attached to the road surface can have a profile which generates acoustic or various optical signals, such as, for example, white reflection in one direction and red reflection in the other direction.
Figuren 5 bis 8 zeigen weitere Elemente 2, die nach dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren an Oberflächen von Bauobjekten des Strassenverkehrs anbringbar sind. Dies sind diskrete Elemente, die nicht von einer Vorratsspule abgewickelt werden können. Sie können aber beispielsweise in an sich bekannter Weise in vorgegebenen Zeitabständen unter das Schwingwerkzeug einer sich mit konstanter Geschwindigkeit beispielsweise entlang einer Strasse bewegenden Befestigungs Vorrichtung zugegeben werden, so dass sie in konstanten Abständen voneinander auf der Strassenoberfläche angebracht werden. Die Elemente können auch mit einem vom Ultraschallschwei- ssen bekannten Handgerät oder einem ähnlichen Gerät einzeln angebracht werden.FIGS. 5 to 8 show further elements 2 which can be attached to the surfaces of road construction objects by the method according to the invention. These are discrete elements that cannot be handled by a supply spool. However, they can be added, for example, in a known manner at predetermined time intervals under the vibrating tool to a fastening device moving at a constant speed, for example along a street so that they are placed on the street surface at constant distances from each other. The elements can also be attached individually using a hand-held device known from ultrasonic welding or a similar device.
Figur 5 zeigt ein flaches Element 2, das rechteckig dargestellt ist, das aber jede be- liebige Form aufweisen kann. Auf jenigen Seite, die gegen die Oberfläche zu richten ist, auf der das Element anzubringen ist, weist das Element dem Rand entlang Noppen 20 auf. Mindestens diese Noppen bestehen aus dem verflüssigbaren Material, gegebenenfalls der ganze Randbereich oder die Noppenseite des Randbereiches. Zum Anbringen des Elementes gemäss Figur 5 wird dieses positioniert und bei- spielsweise mit einer angeregten Sonotrode mindestens im Randbereich (durch Pfeile angedeutet) gegen die Oberfläche gepresst und gleichzeitig angeregt.FIG. 5 shows a flat element 2, which is shown as a rectangle, but which can have any shape. On that side which is to be directed against the surface on which the element is to be attached, the element has knobs 20 along the edge. At least these knobs consist of the liquefiable material, possibly the entire edge area or the knob side of the edge area. To attach the element according to FIG. 5, it is positioned and, for example with an excited sonotrode, pressed against the surface at least in the edge region (indicated by arrows) and simultaneously excited.
Das Element 2 gemäss Figur 6 ist scheibenförmig und weist beispielsweise in der Mitte seiner gegen aussen gewandten Seite einen Reflektor auf. Auf seiner gegen die Oberfläche, auf der das Element anzubringen ist, zu richtenden Seite, weist das Ele- ment 2 einen Befestigungsring 21 auf. Im Bereiche dieses Ringes 21 wird das Element von der Aussenseite her, wie dies durch die Pfeile veranschaulicht ist, angeregt und gegen die Oberfläche gepresst, beispielsweise mit einer entsprechenden rohr- förmigen Sonotrode. Der Befestigungsring 21 kann auch durch eine entlang der Kante des Elementes 1 angeordnete Reihe von Stiften oder Noppen ausgebildet sein. Mindestens der Befestigungsring 21, bzw. dem gleichen Zweck dienende Stifte oder Noppen, gegebenenfalls das ganze Element 2 bestehen aus einem durch mechanische Anregung verflüssigbaren Material.The element 2 according to FIG. 6 is disk-shaped and has, for example, a reflector in the middle of its side facing outwards. On its side to be directed against the surface on which the element is to be attached, the element 2 has a fastening ring 21. In the area of this ring 21, the element is excited from the outside, as illustrated by the arrows, and pressed against the surface, for example with a corresponding tubular sonotrode. The fastening ring 21 can also be formed by a row of pins or knobs arranged along the edge of the element 1. At least the fastening ring 21, or pins or knobs serving the same purpose, possibly the entire element 2, consist of a material that can be liquefied by mechanical excitation.
Figur 7 zeigt ein ähnliches, scheibenförmiges Element wie Figur 6. An der der Oberfläche, auf der das Element 2 angebracht werden soll, zugewandten Seite ist ein elektronisches Modul 25 mit Antenne 26 angeordnet, wie sie für Verkehrsleitsysteme verwendet werden. Durch Befestigung des Elementes mittels Befestigungsring 21 entsteht für das elektronische Modul ein hermetisch abgeschlossener Raum. Selbstverständlich kann das Element 2 gemäss Figur 7 auch eine andere als scheibenförmige Form aufweisen.FIG. 7 shows a disk-like element similar to that of FIG. 6. On the side facing the surface on which the element 2 is to be attached, an electronic module 25 with antenna 26 is arranged, as is the case for traffic control systems be used. By fastening the element by means of fastening ring 21, a hermetically sealed space is created for the electronic module. Of course, the element 2 according to FIG. 7 can also have a shape other than disk-shaped.
Figur 8 zeigt ein weiteres Element mit integriertem elektronischem Modul 25 mit Antenne 26. Diese sind zwischen zwei Elementteilen 2.1 und 2.2 positioniert, wobei diese zwei Elementteile beispielsweise zusammen mit der Befestigung des ganzen Elementes miteinander verbunden werden. Der gegen die Befestigungsseite des Elementes gerichtete Elementteil 2.2 besteht mindestens teilweise aus dem verflüssigba- ren Material. Die beiden Elementteile 2.1 und 2.2 können auch vorgängig beispielsweise mit Klebstoff miteinander verbunden werden und erst dann an der dafür vorgesehenen Oberfläche befestigt werden. Es ist auch möglich, das Elektronikmodul bereits bei der Herstellung des Elementes 2 durch Giessen in dem Element zu integrieren. FIG. 8 shows another element with an integrated electronic module 25 with antenna 26. These are positioned between two element parts 2.1 and 2.2, these two element parts being connected to one another, for example, together with the fastening of the entire element. The element part 2.2 directed against the fastening side of the element consists at least partially of the liquefiable material. The two element parts 2.1 and 2.2 can also be previously connected to one another, for example with adhesive, and only then attached to the surface provided for this purpose. It is also possible to integrate the electronic module by casting in the element during the manufacture of the element 2.

Claims

PATENTANSPRUCHEPATENT CLAIMS
Verfahren zum Anbringen von Elementen (2) auf Oberflächen von Bauobjekten im Strassenverkehrsbereich, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Element mindestens teilweise aus einem durch mechanische Anregung verflüssigbaren Material besteht und dass das Element auf der Oberfläche positioniert, gegen die Oberfläche gepresst und mindestens lokal mechanisch angeregt wird, derart, dass das verflüssigbare Material mindestens in einem gegen die Oberfläche gewandten Bereich mindestens teilweise verflüssigt wird und nach dem Wiedererstarren das Element an der Unterlage befestigt.Method for attaching elements (2) to surfaces of building objects in the road traffic area, characterized in that the element consists at least partially of a material that can be liquefied by mechanical excitation and that the element is positioned on the surface, pressed against the surface and at least locally mechanically excited , such that the liquefiable material is at least partially liquefied in at least one area facing the surface and, after re-solidification, fastens the element to the base.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mechanische Anregung durch piezoelektrische oder magnetostriktive Anregung mittels Sonotrode durchgeführt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical excitation is carried out by piezoelectric or magnetostrictive excitation by means of a sonotrode.
3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mechanische Anregung durch mechanische Schwingungen mit einer Fre- quenz, die im Bereich von Ultraschall liegt, erzeugt wird.3. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the mechanical excitation is generated by mechanical vibrations with a frequency that is in the range of ultrasound.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Element (2) Teil einer kontinuierlichen oder unterbrochenen Linienmarkierung ist, dass es als Band von einer Vorratsrolle abgespult und fortlaufend oder mit Unterbrüchen auf der Oberfläche positioniert und dann angepresst und angeregt wird. 4. The method according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the element (2) is part of a continuous or interrupted line marking, that it is unwound as a tape from a supply roll and positioned continuously or with interruptions on the surface and then pressed and excited.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Element (2) scheibenförmig ist und mit Hilfe einer rohrförmigen Sonotrode angeregt und angepresst wird.5. The method according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the element (2) is disc-shaped and is excited and pressed using a tubular sonotrode.
Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Element (2) ein Markierungs- oder Signalisationselement, ein Element zur Fugendichtung oder ein oberflächlich aufbringbares Armierungselement ist.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the element (2) is a marking or signaling element, an element for joint sealing or a reinforcing element that can be applied to the surface.
7. Vorrichtung (1) zum Aufbringen von Elementen (2) auf Oberfälchen von Bauobjekten im Strassenverkehrsbereich, gekennzeichnet durch eine über Walzen oder Rollen (4, 5) fahrbare Einrichtung mit mindestens einer Schwingeinheit (10) bestehend aus einer Sonotrode (6), einem Konverter (7) und wahlweise einem Verstärker (8) und mit einem Generator (9).7. The device (1) for applying elements (2) on Oberfälchen of objects in road traffic, characterized by a roller or roller (4, 5) movable device with at least one vibration unit (10) consisting of a sonotrode (6), one Converter (7) and optionally an amplifier (8) and a generator (9).
Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der fahrbaren Einrichtung mit der mindestens einen Schwingeinheit (10) eine Vorratsrolle (3) mit einem bandförmigen Material für das Elemente (2) zugeordnet ist.Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the mobile device with the at least one vibrating unit (10) is assigned a supply roll (3) with a band-shaped material for the elements (2).
9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der fahrbaren Einrichtung mit der mindestens einen Schwingeinheit (10) eine Schneidvorrichtung (11) zum Abtrennen von Elementen (2) von dem bandförmigen Material zugeordnet ist.9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the mobile device with the at least one oscillating unit (10) is assigned a cutting device (11) for separating elements (2) from the band-shaped material.
10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der fahrba- ren Einrichtung zum Zweck des Wiederablösens des Elementes (2) von der10. The device according to claim 7 to 9, characterized in that the mobile device for the purpose of releasing the element (2) from the
Oberfläche eine Ablösevorrichtung (12) zugeordnet ist. A detaching device (12) is assigned to the surface.
11. Element (2) zum Anbringen auf Oberflächen von Bauobjekten des Strassenverkehrs nach einem Verfahren gemäss Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es mindestens in einem Oberflächenbereich, der gegen die genannte Oberfläche zu richten ist, mindestens teilweise aus einem durch mechanische Ener- gie verflüssigbaren Material besteht.11. Element (2) for attachment to surfaces of road construction objects according to a method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is at least partially made of a liquefiable by mechanical energy at least in a surface area which is to be directed against said surface Material exists.
12. Element nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es auf dem genannten Oberflächenbereich Energierichtungsgeber aufweist.12. Element according to claim 11, characterized in that it has energy directors on said surface area.
13. Element nach einem der Ansprüche 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es auf dem genannten Oberflächenbereich Stifte, Noppen oder Befesti- gungsringe aufweist, die aus dem verflüssigbaren Material bestehen.13. Element according to any one of claims 11 or 12, characterized in that it has pins, knobs or fastening rings on the surface area, which consist of the liquefiable material.
14. Element nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es folienförmig ist.14. Element according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that it is film-shaped.
15. Element nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es bandförmig ist.15. Element according to claim 14, characterized in that it is band-shaped.
16. Element nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass darin weitere Funktionselemente integriert sind. 16. Element according to one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that further functional elements are integrated therein.
EP02782630A 2001-12-24 2002-12-23 Method for applying elements to surfaces of constructed objects used for road traffic Expired - Lifetime EP1458934B1 (en)

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ES2381537T3 (en) 2012-05-29
US20060193689A1 (en) 2006-08-31
AU2002347128A1 (en) 2003-07-15
EP1458934B1 (en) 2012-02-01
ATE543953T1 (en) 2012-02-15
WO2003056104A1 (en) 2003-07-10
US20050053426A1 (en) 2005-03-10
US7455475B2 (en) 2008-11-25

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