EP1453607A1 - Procede de traitement d'un graphite nucleaire contamine - Google Patents
Procede de traitement d'un graphite nucleaire contamineInfo
- Publication number
- EP1453607A1 EP1453607A1 EP02799805A EP02799805A EP1453607A1 EP 1453607 A1 EP1453607 A1 EP 1453607A1 EP 02799805 A EP02799805 A EP 02799805A EP 02799805 A EP02799805 A EP 02799805A EP 1453607 A1 EP1453607 A1 EP 1453607A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- graphite
- pulses
- high voltage
- liquid medium
- voltage pulses
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/28—Treating solids
- G21F9/30—Processing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonic waves or irradiation, for disintegrating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonic waves or irradiation, for disintegrating
- B02C2019/183—Crushing by discharge of high electrical energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for treating nuclear graphite contaminated with radioelements by grinding said graphite, placed in immersion in a liquid medium, in particular graphite from the natural Uranium-Graphite-Gas (so-called UNGG) sector, recovered during dismantling or nuclear graphite from nuclear sites during nuclear remediation operations.
- a liquid medium in particular graphite from the natural Uranium-Graphite-Gas (so-called UNGG) sector, recovered during dismantling or nuclear graphite from nuclear sites during nuclear remediation operations.
- the general field of the invention is therefore that of the treatment of nuclear waste, such as nuclear graphite contaminated with radioelements.
- one of the methods for treating nuclear graphite consists in subjecting said graphite to dry fragmentation, in air, by means of conventional grinding means, such as impact mills or cylinder mills, so to obtain a powder, which is then subjected to combustion, so as to completely destroy the contaminated graphite.
- the aim of the present invention is to propose a process for treating nuclear graphite contaminated with radioelements, which does not have the drawbacks of the prior art and which does not require, in particular, the use of mechanical parts which does not cause the dispersion of radioelements and also controls the risk of powder explosion.
- the subject of the invention is a method for treating nuclear graphite contaminated with radioelements, said method comprising a step of grinding consisting in subjecting said graphite, immersed in liquid medium, to high voltage pulses, said liquid medium having a resistivity such that, under the effect of the energy conveyed by said pulses, electric arcs are triggered and ensure, on contact of said graphite, a rupture of carbon-carbon bonds constituting this graphite, the number of high voltage pulses being fixed so as to obtain graphite particles with a given particle size.
- the term "high voltage pulses” means electrical pulses which can convey a voltage of the order of one to several kilovolts, causing the creation of electric arcs in a liquid medium having properties of resistivity suitable for the formation of arcs.
- liquid media whose resistivity is greater than 1 M ⁇ .cm.
- This method has the advantage of being achievable without having to use mechanical grinding parts, which minimizes the costs of implementing this method compared to the embodiments of the prior art.
- this treatment method has the advantage of being carried out in a liquid medium.
- the graphite powders from the grinding are trapped in this liquid medium, which makes it possible to avoid the above-mentioned explosion phenomenon of powder.
- the radioelements released during the grinding of graphite remain confined in the liquid medium, by for example, by isotopic exchange, as is the case with tritium.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to obtain, at its end, graphite particles with a given particle size, which can either be subjected to combustion in order to destroy them completely, or to be recovered, with a view to possible re-use, for example, as a basic product for the development of engineered geological barriers for the long-term storage of highly radioactive products. These particles can also be stored under conditions of zero leaching by runoff.
- the energy conveyed by each pulse can advantageously be between 10 J and 100 kJ, preferably equal to 1 kJ.
- the high voltage pulses can advantageously have a duration ranging from around 200 ns to 100 ⁇ s with preferably a duration of l ⁇ s.
- the high voltage pulses can have a frequency ranging from 1 Hz to 1000
- a liquid medium which can be used in the context of this process, is water.
- the water used in the context of the invention will advantageously have resistivity qualities such that an electric arc can be triggered, under the effect of high voltage pulses.
- the water used can be partially deionized, so as to have a lower conductivity than water which has not undergone any treatment.
- the method of the invention may also include a step for treating the liquid medium, in which the grinding of the graphite takes place, this treatment being a conventional treatment intended, in particular when this liquid medium is water, to sanitize the liquid medium of radioactive elements released and to maintain its resistivity, these treatments being within the reach of the skilled person.
- the treatment of the liquid medium, intended to cleanse said medium of the radioelements contained in it, can be that which is ordinarily practiced in "STEL"
- FIG. 1 represents a particular device allowing the grinding of a conductive carbonaceous material.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the particle size curves of graphite powders obtained during two tests carried out by applying for each a different number of pulses.
- Figure 1 illustrates a particular device implemented in the context of this example.
- This device comprises a sealed reactor 1 made of non-conductive material, for example, of polyethylene.
- the bottom of the reactor is a conductive plate, constituting the earth electrode 2 connected to a high voltage generator 3, of the Marx generator type.
- This generator supplies a high-voltage electrode 4, the distance from which it is possible to adjust with respect to the earth electrode 2.
- a block of nuclear graphite 5 rests on the bottom of the reactor, said block being completely submerged in a liquid medium 6.
- High voltage pulses are sent substantially in the direction of block 5, thus releasing fragments 7 of said initial block 5.
- the high voltage pulses materialize in the form of electric arcs between the high voltage electrode and the electrode connected to the earth, the potential difference applied between these two electrodes being a function of the distance between these two electrodes.
- An outlet 8 for any gases produced during grinding is provided to avoid any overpressure phenomenon.
- a Marx generator used delivers pulses of the order of 1 kJ, with a frequency of 10 Hz and a duration of 1 ⁇ s.
- the block of nuclear graphite is covered with water, so as to be completely submerged.
- Two series of tests were carried out: a first series by fixing the number of pulses at 720; a second series by fixing the number of pulses at around 5000.
- FIG. 2 represents the distribution of the particle size of the graphite powder obtained.
- the size 0 (in ⁇ m) of the graphite particles obtained appears on the abscissa of the graph, on a logarithmic scale, and the percentage% of the number of particles of a given size relative to the total number of particles appears on the ordinate of the graph.
- the size of the graphite grains obtained is determined by the Coulther method, based on the principle of laser scattering. In this example, the direct debit was carried out only at the top of the reactor, without agitating the assembly.
- Curve (a) represents the distribution of the particle size formed for a number of pulses of 720, while curve (b) represents the distribution for a number of pulses of approximately
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0115973 | 2001-12-11 | ||
| FR0115973A FR2833192B1 (fr) | 2001-12-11 | 2001-12-11 | Procede de broyage d'une matiere carbonee conductrice par application d'impulsions haute-tension en milieu liquide |
| PCT/FR2002/004254 WO2003049865A1 (fr) | 2001-12-11 | 2002-12-10 | Procede de traitement d'un graphite nucleaire contamine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1453607A1 true EP1453607A1 (fr) | 2004-09-08 |
| EP1453607B1 EP1453607B1 (fr) | 2007-04-04 |
Family
ID=8870321
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02799805A Expired - Lifetime EP1453607B1 (fr) | 2001-12-11 | 2002-12-10 | Procede de traitement d'un graphite nucleaire contamine |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7500623B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1453607B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP4272526B2 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE358534T1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE60219349T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2286327T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2833192B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2003049865A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2833269B1 (fr) | 2001-12-11 | 2004-10-15 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de gazeification d'une matiere carbonee conductrice par application d'impulsions haute tension a ladite matiere en milieu aqueux |
| DE10342376B3 (de) * | 2003-09-13 | 2005-07-07 | Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Fragmentieranlage und Fragmentrieranlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| DE10346055B8 (de) * | 2003-10-04 | 2005-04-14 | Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Aufbau einer elektrodynamischen Fraktionieranlage |
| JP4142675B2 (ja) * | 2005-08-10 | 2008-09-03 | 株式会社ABsize | フラーレン分散液の製造方法 |
| DE102006037914B3 (de) * | 2006-08-11 | 2008-05-15 | Ammann Schweiz Ag | Reaktionsgefäß einer hochspannungsimpulstechnischen Anlage und Verfahren zum Zertrümmern/Sprengen spröder, hochfester keramischer/mineralischer Werk-/Verbundwerkstoffe |
| RU2422207C2 (ru) * | 2007-03-16 | 2011-06-27 | Зельфраг Аг | Устройство для электродинамической фрагментации образцов |
| FR2934079A1 (fr) * | 2008-07-17 | 2010-01-22 | Arbresle Ingenierie | Procede d'elimination des dechets radioactifs solides a faible ou moyenne activite et vie longue par injection a grande profondeur apres transformation en emulsion aqueuse. |
| FR2942149B1 (fr) * | 2009-02-13 | 2012-07-06 | Camille Cie D Assistance Miniere Et Ind | Procede et systeme de valorisation de materiaux et/ou produits par puissance pulsee |
| FR2949356B1 (fr) * | 2009-08-26 | 2011-11-11 | Camille Cie D Assistance Miniere Et Ind | Procede et systeme de valorisation de materiaux et / ou produits par puissance pulsee |
| DE102012101161A1 (de) * | 2012-02-14 | 2013-08-14 | Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh | Abtrennung von Radionukliden aus kontaminiertem Material |
| CA2928107A1 (fr) * | 2013-10-25 | 2015-04-30 | Selfrag Ag | Procede de fragmentation et/ou de pre-fragilisation de materiau a l'aide de decharges a haute tension |
| JP6399344B2 (ja) * | 2014-09-30 | 2018-10-03 | 太平洋セメント株式会社 | 炭素繊維含有物の粉砕方法 |
| CA2977556C (fr) * | 2015-02-27 | 2023-09-05 | Selfrag Ag | Procede et dispositif de fragmentation et/ou d'affaiblissement de materiau en vrac au moyen de decharges a haute tension |
| ES2717833T3 (es) * | 2015-02-27 | 2019-06-25 | Selfrag Ag | Procedimiento y dispositivo para la fragmentación y/o debilitamiento de material vertible mediante descargas de alta tensión |
| DE102018003512A1 (de) * | 2018-04-28 | 2019-10-31 | Diehl Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Anlage und Verfahren zur elektrodynamischen Fragmentierung |
| WO2019234109A1 (fr) * | 2018-06-06 | 2019-12-12 | Impulstec Gmbh | Procédé et dispositif de comminution et de fractionnement d'un produit |
| JP6947126B2 (ja) * | 2018-06-12 | 2021-10-13 | 株式会社Sumco | シリコンロッドの破砕方法及び装置並びにシリコン塊の製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE659375A (fr) * | 1964-02-06 | |||
| US3458417A (en) * | 1966-01-24 | 1969-07-29 | Gen Electric | Preparation of carbon particles electrohydraulically |
| US3529776A (en) * | 1968-04-15 | 1970-09-22 | Gepipari Fovallalkozo Kisipari | Method and apparatus for comminuting metals in an electric arc |
| US3770212A (en) * | 1971-04-08 | 1973-11-06 | V Ivashkin | Method of comminuting materials preferably conducting materials, and an apparatus for accomplishing the same |
| US4279710A (en) | 1977-10-11 | 1981-07-21 | University Patents, Inc. | Method of gasifying carbonaceous materials |
| FR2542004B1 (fr) | 1983-03-02 | 1985-06-21 | British Petroleum Co | Procede de conversion assistee a l'electricite de produits carbones lourds |
| DD247858A1 (de) * | 1986-04-14 | 1987-07-22 | Akad Wissenschaften Ddr | Plasmaerosives dispergieren leitfaehiger materialien bei erhaltung des kristallgefueges |
| US5792325A (en) * | 1990-11-15 | 1998-08-11 | Richardson, Jr.; William H. | Electric arc material processing system |
| US5159900A (en) | 1991-05-09 | 1992-11-03 | Dammann Wilbur A | Method and means of generating gas from water for use as a fuel |
| FR2691524B1 (fr) * | 1992-05-20 | 1997-12-12 | Servithen Sarl | Procede et installation pour la destruction sans contamination de l'environnement de pieces de graphite eventuellement radioactives. |
| GB9217414D0 (en) * | 1992-08-15 | 1992-09-30 | British Nuclear Fuels Plc | Removal of metal from graphite |
| DE19534232C2 (de) * | 1995-09-15 | 1998-01-29 | Karlsruhe Forschzent | Verfahren zur Zerkleinerung und Zertrümmerung von aus nichtmetallischen oder teilweise metallischen Bestandteilen konglomerierten Festkörpern und zur Zerkleinerung homogener nichtmetallischer Festkörper |
| JPH11202093A (ja) | 1998-01-12 | 1999-07-30 | Toshiba Corp | 黒鉛固体廃棄物の処理方法、放射性化物質回収方法並びに黒鉛固体廃棄物の処理装置 |
| US6200430B1 (en) | 1998-01-16 | 2001-03-13 | Edgar J. Robert | Electric arc gasifier method and equipment |
| FR2833269B1 (fr) | 2001-12-11 | 2004-10-15 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de gazeification d'une matiere carbonee conductrice par application d'impulsions haute tension a ladite matiere en milieu aqueux |
| US6972118B2 (en) | 2001-12-14 | 2005-12-06 | Hadronic Press, Inc. | Apparatus and method for processing hydrogen, oxygen and other gases |
-
2001
- 2001-12-11 FR FR0115973A patent/FR2833192B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-12-10 ES ES02799805T patent/ES2286327T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-10 DE DE60219349T patent/DE60219349T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-10 JP JP2003550909A patent/JP4272526B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-12-10 US US10/498,259 patent/US7500623B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-12-10 EP EP02799805A patent/EP1453607B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-10 WO PCT/FR2002/004254 patent/WO2003049865A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2002-12-10 AT AT02799805T patent/ATE358534T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO03049865A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20050051644A1 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
| JP2005512072A (ja) | 2005-04-28 |
| FR2833192A1 (fr) | 2003-06-13 |
| DE60219349D1 (de) | 2007-05-16 |
| ES2286327T3 (es) | 2007-12-01 |
| US7500623B2 (en) | 2009-03-10 |
| DE60219349T2 (de) | 2007-12-13 |
| WO2003049865A1 (fr) | 2003-06-19 |
| ATE358534T1 (de) | 2007-04-15 |
| JP4272526B2 (ja) | 2009-06-03 |
| EP1453607B1 (fr) | 2007-04-04 |
| FR2833192B1 (fr) | 2004-08-06 |
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