EP1451420A1 - Structure renforcee en bois, charpente, batiment ainsi equipe et procede de fabrication - Google Patents
Structure renforcee en bois, charpente, batiment ainsi equipe et procede de fabricationInfo
- Publication number
- EP1451420A1 EP1451420A1 EP02796817A EP02796817A EP1451420A1 EP 1451420 A1 EP1451420 A1 EP 1451420A1 EP 02796817 A EP02796817 A EP 02796817A EP 02796817 A EP02796817 A EP 02796817A EP 1451420 A1 EP1451420 A1 EP 1451420A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wooden
- planks
- central
- boards
- board
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
- E04C3/16—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members with apertured web, e.g. trusses
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
- E04C3/17—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members with non-parallel upper and lower edges, e.g. roof trusses
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a reinforced wooden structure.
- the present invention also relates to a frame equipped with a reinforced wooden structure.
- the present invention relates to a building having a frame equipped with a reinforced wooden structure.
- the present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing and assembling a reinforced wooden structure.
- Wood is a widely used material in construction with which it is possible to produce a whole series of load-bearing systems with their own mechanical properties enabling them to withstand all levels and all types of loads.
- the various load-bearing wooden systems are posts and beams, triangulated systems also called “trusses”, articulated systems, gantries, beam grids, shells and elements functioning as plates, for the main ones.
- the invention relates to the production of a reinforced wooden structure with parallel or farm members, which has high mechanical characteristics, makes it possible to reduce production costs and is easily adaptable according to the characteristics desired for each particular application (load to support, dimensions of the structure, ).
- a reinforced wooden structure consists of several beams constructed from at least three planks.
- the two outer planks and the central plank are assembled one on the other, the two outer planks being placed on either side of the central plank.
- reinforcements are positioned at the junction zones forming an intersection between at least two beams.
- a first drawback of these reinforced structures is the presence of a given odd number of planks, which gives successive increments of thicknesses lacking flexibility.
- Another disadvantage is that the central boards and the reinforcements must constantly keep the same thickness for the same structure.
- Another drawback is that the location, positioning and fixing of the various reinforcements and central boards prove to be relatively complex and imprecise, since it is a longitudinal association without blocking points.
- Another drawback is that central boards and reinforcements give a large number of components for the same farm, which generates high manufacturing costs and increased assembly times.
- a second problem is to succeed in reducing the number of components, for the same reinforced wooden structure.
- a third problem is to provide for tracking, positioning and automatic fixing of the different central boards.
- a fourth problem is to develop a process for manufacturing reinforced structures which allows the possibility of an artisanal assembly on the site itself, and an easy adaptation according to the works to be carried out.
- a reinforced wooden structure is made up of several beams constructed from at least three wooden planks, two external planks and a central plank, assembled one on the other, the two external planks being placed on either side of the central board, the central board being positioned at the junction zones forming an intersection between at least two beams.
- the reinforced structure is characterized in that the central wooden board is inserted in a housing formed by two recesses each formed in one of the two outer wooden boards.
- connection means used which are completely independent of the two outer boards and the central board, will work with the two boards in shear.
- the housing can preferably be arranged symmetrically in the two outer planks, so that the two recesses have the same depth.
- the width of the central wooden board can be greater than or equal to the width of the two external wooden boards, so as to further improve the contact surfaces and thus the reinforcing effect.
- the beams of the reinforced structure can comprise a number N of central wooden planks and a number N + 1 of external wooden planks.
- the N central boards can then be inserted in a number N of housings in the N + 1 external boards.
- the beams may further comprise two additional wooden planks disposed on each of the visible faces of the two wooden planks being the outermost.
- the beams can comprise a first group having a number N of central planks and a number N + 1 of external planks which is assembled with a second group having a number N of central planks and a number N + 1 of external boards.
- the N central boards can be inserted in N housings in the N + 1 external boards.
- the central board or boards may have a thickness different from the outer boards.
- the material of the central board or boards can be chosen, alone or as a mixture, from the group comprising Kertopuu® panels or other glued microlame panels with high mechanical performance.
- a frame is characterized in that it is equipped with a reinforced wooden structure as described above.
- a building is characterized in that it comprises a frame as described above.
- a method for manufacturing and assembling the reinforced wooden structure as described above comprises the steps consisting in providing a recess in each of the two exterior wooden planks at the junction zones forming an intersection between at least two beams, positioning a central wooden plank in the recess, and assembling the two external wooden planks and the central wooden plank.
- the assembly of the reinforced wooden structure can preferably be carried out by nailing, screwing, stitching and / or by gluing.
- Figure 1 represents a side view a farm
- Figure 2 shows an exploded perspective view of a three-plank farm
- FIG. 3 shows an exploded perspective view of a farm with five boards
- Figure 4 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a three-plank beam
- - Figure 5 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a beam with five boards
- Figure 6 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a beam with seven planks
- Figure 7 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a five-plank beam, in an alternative embodiment
- Figure 8 shows a longitudinal sectional view of me beam with seven boards, in an alternative embodiment
- Figure 9 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a six-plank beam, in an alternative embodiment
- - Figure 10 shows a side view of a simple beam farm
- FIG. 1 shows a side view of a gantry with two joints
- FIG. 12 shows a side view of a lattice with parallel members
- Figure 13 shows a side view of a single-slope half-farm
- Figure 14 shows a side view of a truncated farm
- - Figure 15 shows a side view of a farm with rolled up ties
- Figure 16 shows a side view of a gantry with three joints
- Figure 17 shows a side view of a faceted female.
- the first reinforced structures in the form of a triangle (1), or “firm” are generally used to make the roof frames and allow the slope to be given to the latter.
- the elements involved in the realization of such structures consist of two rafters (2), a entry (3), two diagonals (4), a punch (6) and two struts (7).
- Such assemblies are based on supports (not shown) disposed at each end of the tie (3).
- the different elements that is to say the crossbowmen (2), the entry (3), the two diagonals (4), the punch (6), and the two struts (7) are in the form of a beam and are designated in the following description by the common expression beam.
- Each beam is constructed from boards nailed to each other to compose larger sections.
- the elementary planks used in the constitution of each beam are massive wooden planks whose section is generally between 15 cm and 30 cm in width for 3 cm to 10 cm in thickness, not excluding d 'other special dimensions. Furthermore, with thin boards, for example of the order of 3 cm to 5 cm, it is possible to carry out an artificial drying under conventional conditions.
- the length of said boards can be variable and depends on the structures to be produced and will for example be between 4 m and 12 m. Longer planks can be obtained by abutting by glued multiple nails.
- the boards can also be in glulam or micro-laminate of Kertopuu® type or other equivalent.
- the set of beams used in the formation of such a structure consists of three elementary planks (16, 17 and 18), for example nailed together (see Figures 2 and 4).
- the beams include two exterior planks (16 and 17) and a central plank (18).
- the central board or plate (18) constitutes a reinforcement.
- the central boards or reinforcements (18) allow, in a simple way, to reinforce the junction intersections between these beams, and more particularly allow to reinforce the most stressed intersections.
- the reinforcements (18) are therefore positioned at the level of the central layer, which allows double shearing of the connection means or of the through connectors with respect to the reinforcement which would be exposed outside the structure, as is often the case. .
- the length and width of the reinforcements (18) is independent of the length and width of the outer planks (16 and 17).
- the width of the reinforcements (18) is greater than or equal to the width of the two outer planks (16 and 17). But in addition, in order to increase the inertia of the reinforcements (18) and thus strengthen the assembly knot, the surface of the reinforcements (18) is enlarged, so as to greatly exceed the dimensions of the knot and to extend beyond the structure (see Figures 1 to 3 and 10 to 17).
- An upper reinforcement (19) is placed at the intersection (9) between rafters (2) and punch (6).
- a lateral reinforcement (21) connects the intersection (11) between rafters (2) and diagonals (4), the intersection (12) between rafters (2) and struts (7) at the intersection (13) between entry ( 3) and struts (7).
- a lower reinforcement (22) is placed at the intersection (14) between entry (3), diagonals (4), and punch (6).
- the side plank reinforcement (21) can take up the bending moment and the local shear generated by the two internal beams, for example the diagonal (4) and the buttress (7) compressed.
- the lateral reinforcement (21) therefore reinforces the intersection (11) with respect to bending and local shears which are important mechanical components of the intersection system.
- the lateral reinforcement (21) acts as an additional rib. It should be noted that the lateral reinforcement (21) is offset with respect to the node (8) between the crossbowman (2) and entered (3).
- the various reinforcements (19, 21 and 22) are inserted into housings.
- These housings are each formed by two recesses, each being cut in one face of each of the two outer planks (16 and 17).
- the association of two recesses constitutes accommodation.
- the length of the housings is independent of the length of the outer planks (16 and 17).
- These recesses have a depth substantially equal to half the thickness of the various reinforcements (19, 21 and 22). Thanks to this characteristic, it is therefore no longer necessary for the three elementary boards (16, 17 and 18) constituting each beam to be of the same thickness.
- Housing (23) is thus provided at the upper end of the rafters (2) and the punch (6), at the intersection (9). These housings (23) are intended for the upper reinforcement (19).
- Housing (24) is thus provided over a portion of the length of the rafters (2), at the upper end of the diagonals (4), over the entire length of the struts (7) and over part of the beam (3 ), at the intersections (11, 12 and 13).
- the struts (7) will simply have a thickness less than that of the boards (16 and 17).
- Housings (24) are intended for the lateral reinforcements (21).
- Housing (26) is thus provided at the lower end of the diagonals (4), at the lower end of the punch (6) and at the center of the connection (3), at the intersection (14). These housings (26) are intended for the lower reinforcement (22).
- the reinforcements (19, 21 and 22) and their positioning by embedding are always calculated to take up the shear forces generated by the two diagonals (4) arriving at the intersection, to resume traction and compression in the axis of the diagonals ( 4) and to reinforce the rafters (2) at the intersections to simultaneously resume bending and local compression.
- These reinforcements (19, 21 and 22) of the “plate” type have very high rigidity and work in both directions of the plane. However, in some cases, the reinforcements have a main direction of absorption of the forces, and they can be reoriented differently from the board for better efficiency.
- the recesses corresponding to the housings (23, 24 and 26) are made automatically, for example by digital machining of the boards (16 and 17).
- the boards (16 and 17) are thus always planed.
- An anti-fungal treatment and a color stain can be applied during machining.
- the recesses in the housings (23, 24 and 26) of the boards (16 and 17) allow automatic positioning, without any marking, of the reinforcements (19, 21 and 22), without having to identify the positions of the latter. , unlike the state of the art. This constitutes an appreciable time saving and a precision of assembly and reliability of the reinforced structure.
- Production plant can deliver farms complete with all the cut and numbered parts, which a craftsman can then assemble on his own.
- connection between the different boards (16 and 17) and reinforcements (19, 21 and 22) is obtained by independent connectors, nailing, screwing or pinning.
- the connectors will cross the entire first board (16 or 17), the entire reinforcement (18, 21 or 22) and about four-fifths of the second board (17 or 16).
- Such a solution makes it possible to withstand greater forces, the reinforcements (19, 21 and 22) at the level of the intersection zones (9, 11, 12, 13 and 14) increasing the nailing zones.
- the wood being nailed dry there is no more deformation of the compound section. This nailing is adapted so as not to cause the central reinforcements (19, 21 and 22) to crack.
- the positioning of the reinforcements (19, 21 and 22) inside the housings (23, 24 and 26) is favorable for the transmission of forces.
- connecting means such as nails, screws, bolts, ...
- the reinforcements (19, 21 and 22) being prefixed by adjustment, their bonding to the bottom of the recesses in the housings (23, 24 and 26) is possible. This bonding of the reinforcements (19, 21 and 22) may be sufficient to assemble and produce the entire wooden structure.
- These central reinforcements (19, 21 and 22) in planks are therefore of high performance in terms of their assembly.
- the reinforcements (19, 21 and 22) have a thickness conventionally between
- the corresponding recesses of the housings (23, 24 and 26) will have a depth respectively between 13.5 mm and 19.5 mm.
- These reinforcements (19, 21 and 22) are produced from a panel constituted by a structural element in LVL wood, of the micro-laminated plywood type. It is a laminated veneer of spruce obtained by peeling. These veneers, about 3 mm thick, are hot-glued, wire on wire, under high pressure with a weather-resistant phenolic resin. The fibers are arranged in the longitudinal direction.
- This plywood is for example marketed by the company Finnforest under the name Kertopuu® or Kerto®. Other microlame or glued plywood panels with high mechanical performance can also be used.
- the expression “external plank” applies to all the planks (27, 29 and 32) which are not reinforcements, even if they are found included within the reinforced structure.
- the reinforcements (28 and 31) are thus doubled and are then positioned respectively between the first board (27) and the second board (29) and between the second board (29) and the third board (32).
- the board inserted in the center (29) will be machined on its two faces to provide the recesses necessary for positioning the reinforcements (28 and 31).
- the expression “exterior plank” applies to all the planks (33, 36, 39 and 41) which are not reinforcements, even if they are found included within the reinforced structure.
- the same technical characteristics of the reinforcements and planks already described above are used for the beam farm comprising three or five planks with three upper reinforcements (19), six lateral reinforcements (21) and three lower reinforcements (22).
- the reinforcements (34, 37 and 39) are thus tripled and are then positioned respectively between the first board (33) and the second board (36), between the second board (36) and the third board (38) and between the third board (38) and the fourth board (41).
- the boards inserted in the center (36 and 38) will be machined on their two faces to provide the recesses necessary for positioning the reinforcements (34, 37 and 39).
- the structure is characterized in that the number of reinforcements being positioned at each intersection in the boards is equal to N, the number of external boards being equal to N + 1. Since the N boards reinforcements are inserted in the N + l external planks, the total thickness of the beams will be equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the N + l external planks.
- Each connector will work with two, four or even six shear sections. This is advantageous for large frames intended for agricultural or industrial buildings with free spans of 40 m to 60 m.
- the expression “exterior plank” applies to all the planks (16 and 17) which are not reinforcements (18), even if they are found included within the reinforced structure.
- the expression “exterior plank” applies to all the planks (27, 29 and 32) which are not reinforcements (28 and 31), even if they are found included within the reinforced structure.
- the same technical characteristics of the reinforcements and of the boards already described above are used for the beam fe ⁇ ne comprising three or five boards with two upper reinforcements (19), four lateral reinforcements (21) and two lower reinforcements (22).
- a beam structure comprising three elementary planks (16, 17, and 18) (according to Figure 4), it can also be considered making beams with six planks.
- the set of beams (2, 3, 4, 6 and 7) entering the configuration of a reinforced structure of the firm type consists of six elementary planks (16a, 17a, 18a, 16b, 17b and 18b), for example nailed together. It is in fact a first substructure or group comprising three elementary boards (16a, 17a, and 18a), which is assembled with a second substructure or group comprising three elementary boards (16b, 17b, and 18b ).
- the expression “exterior plank” applies to all the planks (16a, 16b, 17a and 17b) which are not reinforcements (18a and 18b), even if they are found included in the structure strengthened.
- the same technical characteristics of the reinforcements and of the boards already described above are used for the beam fe ⁇ ne comprising three or five boards with two upper reinforcements (19), four lateral reinforcements (21) and two lower reinforcements (22).
- a fe ⁇ ne view in cross section must always be symmetrical with respect to the axis of the most central board, that is to say and depending on the case, the reinforcement or the central board which is not a reinforcement.
- the reinforcement or the central board which is not a reinforcement.
- they will in principle have the same thickness.
- the central reinforcement could have a thickness and the sides taken two by two could have another thickness. This symmetry makes it possible to avoid parasitic forces, such as twists of the truss, which would veil on its most rigid side.
- the reinforcement of the intersections and of the wooden structure in accordance with the present invention can be adapted equally to the two major families of structures. triangulated wooden structures called “structures with parallel members” and said “triangular trusses”.
- the structure with parallel members is used for example for bridges or horizontal floor structures.
- a truss with simple beams see Figure 10
- a gantry with two articulations see Figure 11
- a trellis with parallel members see Figure 12
- a half-sloping single truss see Figure 13
- a truss truncated see Figure 14
- a rolled up truss see Figure 15
- a gantry with three joints see Figure 16
- a faceted truss see Figure 17
- They include a structure substantially related to the farm (1) described in detail above. If necessary, they are placed on two vertical uprights (44). They include as many upper (19), side (21) and lower (22) reinforcements. that there are possibilities of intersections and assembly nodes between the beams (2, 3, 4 and 6) constituting.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0114311A FR2831906B1 (fr) | 2001-11-06 | 2001-11-06 | Structure renforcee en bois, charpente, batiment ainsi equipe et procede de fabrication |
FR0114311 | 2001-11-06 | ||
PCT/FR2002/003610 WO2003040488A1 (fr) | 2001-11-06 | 2002-10-22 | Structure renforcee en bois, charpente, batiment ainsi equipe et procede de fabrication |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1451420A1 true EP1451420A1 (fr) | 2004-09-01 |
EP1451420B1 EP1451420B1 (fr) | 2010-08-18 |
Family
ID=8869092
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02796817A Expired - Lifetime EP1451420B1 (fr) | 2001-11-06 | 2002-10-22 | Structure renforcee en bois, charpente, batiment ainsi equipe et procede de fabrication |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20040194412A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1451420B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE478210T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60237389D1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2831906B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2003040488A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20080178555A1 (en) * | 2007-01-26 | 2008-07-31 | C. Green & Sons, Inc. | Tapered truss |
US8671642B2 (en) * | 2007-01-26 | 2014-03-18 | Wayne Green | Tapered truss |
US11142910B2 (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2021-10-12 | Don Kanawyer | Abutting irregular hexagons as beam ties for a dual beam joist supporting a truss |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3070923A (en) * | 1960-10-05 | 1963-01-01 | Redi Truss International Inc | Structural truss and joint for use therewith |
US3592717A (en) * | 1967-07-20 | 1971-07-13 | Weyerhaeuser Co | Glued joint with intergral adhesive key |
CH467402A (de) | 1967-12-15 | 1969-01-15 | Ringbau Ag | Gurt-Streben- Verbindung für Holz-Gitterträger |
FR2164514B3 (fr) * | 1971-12-24 | 1974-08-23 | Holme & Sons Ltd Walter | |
FR2303128A1 (fr) | 1975-03-07 | 1976-10-01 | Habitat Communaute Travail | Perfectionnements aux procedes pour l'assemblage des elements de charpente |
US3991535A (en) * | 1975-03-14 | 1976-11-16 | Keller James R | Pressed-in dovetail type joint |
GB2083520B (en) * | 1980-07-24 | 1984-07-04 | Engineered Roof Trusses | Framed building construction |
FI69498C (fi) | 1983-10-07 | 1986-02-10 | Metsaeliiton Teollisuus Oy | Fog foer sammanfogning av traebalkar och fogens anvaendning vi takstolskonstruktionen |
FR2572759A1 (fr) * | 1984-11-08 | 1986-05-09 | Burger Raymond | Poutre triangulee en bois, assemblee par compression progressive entre deux surfaces, collage et autoserrage |
US5649403A (en) * | 1995-01-04 | 1997-07-22 | Haisch; Douglas C. | Truss structure |
US5681021A (en) * | 1995-06-27 | 1997-10-28 | Noll; Ronald C. | Roof jack with bracket |
DE19847858A1 (de) * | 1997-10-22 | 1999-04-29 | Fritz Rutz | Fachwerkträger |
FR2786796B1 (fr) * | 1998-12-03 | 2001-01-26 | Jean Luc Sandoz | Systemes structurels triangules en bois, tels que charpentes , ponts, planchers |
FI112106B (fi) * | 1999-10-15 | 2003-10-31 | Lauttaniemen Teollisuus Ky | Puuristikkorakenne |
CA2353202C (fr) * | 2001-07-17 | 2009-01-06 | Guildo Deschenes | Poutre de bois en i |
-
2001
- 2001-11-06 FR FR0114311A patent/FR2831906B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-10-22 AT AT02796817T patent/ATE478210T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-10-22 WO PCT/FR2002/003610 patent/WO2003040488A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-10-22 EP EP02796817A patent/EP1451420B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-22 DE DE60237389T patent/DE60237389D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-04-26 US US10/832,045 patent/US20040194412A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO03040488A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2831906B1 (fr) | 2004-09-24 |
DE60237389D1 (de) | 2010-09-30 |
WO2003040488A1 (fr) | 2003-05-15 |
ATE478210T1 (de) | 2010-09-15 |
FR2831906A1 (fr) | 2003-05-09 |
EP1451420B1 (fr) | 2010-08-18 |
US20040194412A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
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