EP1447615B1 - Simulateur du soleil pulsé à homogénéité améliorée - Google Patents

Simulateur du soleil pulsé à homogénéité améliorée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1447615B1
EP1447615B1 EP04003125A EP04003125A EP1447615B1 EP 1447615 B1 EP1447615 B1 EP 1447615B1 EP 04003125 A EP04003125 A EP 04003125A EP 04003125 A EP04003125 A EP 04003125A EP 1447615 B1 EP1447615 B1 EP 1447615B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiation source
mirror element
sun simulator
radiation
simulator according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04003125A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1447615A3 (fr
EP1447615A2 (fr
Inventor
Klaus-Armin Ahrens
Carsten Dr. Hampe
Heinrich Preitnacher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus DS GmbH
Original Assignee
Astrium GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Astrium GmbH filed Critical Astrium GmbH
Publication of EP1447615A2 publication Critical patent/EP1447615A2/fr
Publication of EP1447615A3 publication Critical patent/EP1447615A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1447615B1 publication Critical patent/EP1447615B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S8/00—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
    • F21S8/006—Solar simulators, e.g. for testing photovoltaic panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/22—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors
    • F21V7/24—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors characterised by the material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
    • F21V7/22—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors
    • F21V7/28—Reflectors for light sources characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings, e.g. dichroic reflectors characterised by coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V14/00—Controlling the distribution of the light emitted by adjustment of elements
    • F21V14/08—Controlling the distribution of the light emitted by adjustment of elements by movement of the screens or filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2103/00—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes
    • F21Y2103/30—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes curved

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pulsed solar simulator, especially a solar simulator, which can be used to measure solar cells such as single-junction solar cells and multi-junction solar cells.
  • Solar simulators are used to simulate natural sunlight in order to study the effects of sunlight on certain objects to be irradiated, even under laboratory conditions.
  • a special application is the investigation of the performance of solar cells.
  • Sun simulators are for example off US 4,641,227 known. There is a simulation of the sunlight realized by a suitable arrangement and filtering of two independent radiation sources and a subsequent superposition of emanating from these radiation sources radiation. As radiation sources, however, no pulsed radiation sources are used here. Concentrating parabolic mirrors are arranged at a distance around these radiation sources so that the radiation sources are in each case in the focus of the parabolic mirrors in order to focus the radiation in the direction of the target to be irradiated.
  • DE 201 03 645 describes a pulsed solar simulator with displaceable filter, wherein the spectrum of a flashlamp is adapted by suitable, slidable filter to the spectrum of the sun.
  • EP 1 139 016 describes a pulsed solar simulator, in which by means of planar mirror elements, which are arranged spaced from a pulsed radiation source, and that usually parabolic, again the radiation source is arranged in focus, whereby an improved illumination of the target to be irradiated is to be guaranteed.
  • the spectrum of the beams reflected from the mirror elements can also be filtered be suitably adapted to achieve additional irradiation of the target in a desired wavelength range.
  • a discharge lamp arrangement in which a lamp housing has a reflector extending along the lamp bulb.
  • the reflector has a metallic zone, which is designed as a Zündangeselektrode.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved solar simulator arrangement, in particular with improved homogeneity. This object is achieved by the features of claim 1.
  • the mirror element is not arranged at a distance from the radiation source, but the mirror element is directly adjacent to the radiation source.
  • a radiation source with a spectral width and / or a spectral intensity distribution which largely corresponds to the spectral width and / or the spectral intensity distribution of the sunlight.
  • the mirror element is formed at least partially metallic, then a voltage can be applied to the mirror element.
  • a subassembly or a constructive subelement of the mirror element such as, for example, a frame, a holder or the mirror surface, may be partially or entirely metallic.
  • the applied voltage supports the pulsed ignition of the radiation source and thereby helps to a more homogeneous ignition of the radiation source.
  • gas-filled tubes are used as radiation sources to which an ignition voltage is applied via suitably arranged electrodes.
  • a constant voltage can be applied to the ends of the gas-filled tube.
  • the mirror element causes a reflection of radiation components of the radiation source, which are emitted in the opposite direction of the desired emission direction of the solar simulator.
  • the efficiency of the radiation source is increased, so it takes less energy overall.
  • the radiation source can thereby be operated at a lower power, with the result that the maximum of the emission spectrum migrates into the infrared range. This is just a desirable and advantageous effect, since usual solar simulators have a radiation intensity which is too low compared to the solar spectrum, especially in the infrared range.
  • the homogeneity of the radiation is advantageously improved by the reflection effect of the mirror elements in the direction of the emission direction of the solar simulator.
  • a further improvement in the homogeneity of the radiation of the solar simulator can be achieved in that the radiation source is curved in its longitudinal extent.
  • a straight extension of the radiation source such as the EP 1 139 016 provides sufficient homogeneity can not be achieved. It can be provided in particular that the radiation source is annular or helical.
  • a first development of the present invention provides that the at least one mirror element is planar. Precisely because of this, a very homogeneous illumination of the target to be irradiated can be achieved.
  • the at least one mirror element in particular the mirror surface of the mirror element, has a material or a coating which is designed such that the reflection effect of the mirror element in the infrared region is significantly higher than in the UV range.
  • a highly reflective material or a highly reflective coating is suitable, which or in the infrared range, a reflection effect greater than 60%, preferably greater than 70%, ideally greater than 90%.
  • the appropriate spectrum of the material or the coating of the mirror element, the resulting spectrum can be influenced in the desired manner, namely towards an increase in the intensity in the infrared range.
  • the at least one mirror element consists partly or entirely of gold or has a coating consisting of gold or a gold-containing alloy.
  • the at least one mirror element has a metal layer with an oxide layer, in particular a light metal, for example aluminum.
  • this metal layer can also be coated with a suitable coating as described above, which has the desired reflection effect.
  • the mirror element can also have a semiconductor layer, for example silicon, with an oxide layer, wherein the oxide layer can also be provided with a further coating, for example made of metal, in particular of aluminum.
  • the semiconductor oxide layer may in particular be formed as a thermal oxide layer, as it is produced in a thermal oxidation process. This gives a practically monocrystalline semiconductor oxide layer which has a very well-defined interface with the adjacent semiconductor material. On the oxide layer then a metal layer can be applied, for example by vapor deposition.
  • both metals such as gold and metals with oxide layers, in particular light metals and also semiconductors with oxide layers have very good reflection properties, especially in the infrared range. Especially these materials can therefore be used advantageously in the context of the present invention.
  • the homogeneity of the radiation can be increased even further by the fact that the radiation source is surrounded by a housing, which in Radiating in the wall region has a plurality of successively arranged aperture elements. These diaphragm elements intercept those radiation components of the radiation source that are not emitted directly or predominantly in the direction of the emission direction. These aperture elements may preferably additionally have a low-reflection coating coated or made of a low-reflective material to substantially prevent scattered radiation.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the radiation source and / or the mirror element is connected via brackets with a support plate made of granite.
  • the surface of the support plate is either polished smooth or roughened microscopically to have a reduced reflection effect.
  • Such a granite plate has proven to be an ideal support plate, which has a high stability, in particular a high temperature stability, on the other hand, the required stability and insulation against the high voltages, via the brackets and conductive leads to the radiation source and / or the at least one Abut mirror element.
  • the radiation source can be designed as a xenon flash lamp. It can continue, as basically from the DE 201 03 645 be known, additional filter means are provided to affect the spectrum of the solar simulator even further in the desired manner.
  • additional filter means are provided to affect the spectrum of the solar simulator even further in the desired manner.
  • at least two filters are arranged to be displaceable substantially perpendicularly to the emission direction, the filters being designed such that they respectively suppress the same or different portions of the radiation , This results in the total spectrum now a superposition of the radiation components that have passed no filter, the radiation components that have passed the first filter and the radiation components that have passed the second filter or even more filters. If the filters are arranged so that they can be pushed over each other, there are additional radiation components that have passed first a first filter and then a second filter or even more filters.
  • the solar simulator for measuring solar cells, provision can be made for arranging solar cells to be measured in an irradiation plane, wherein additional reference solar cells can also be arranged in the irradiation plane for comparison measurements.
  • additional reference solar cells can also be arranged in the irradiation plane for comparison measurements.
  • the same radiation is applied to the reference solar cells in each case as to the solar cells to be measured.
  • the solar cells to be measured can then be embodied such that at least one first solar cell layer is arranged above a second solar cell layer, the solar cell layers having a different absorption behavior.
  • Such solar cells are also known as multi-junction solar cells.
  • the reference solar cells are then used to guarantee an unambiguous reference measurement by at least a first reference solar cell layer having an absorption behavior corresponding to the at least one first solar cell layer and by at least one second reference solar cell layer adjacent to the first reference solar cell layer whose absorption behavior of the second Solar cell layer corresponds, formed, wherein the second reference solar cell layer is preceded by a filter that corresponds to the absorption behavior of the first solar cell layer.
  • the reference solar cell layers are thus independent of each other, but they still simulate the conditions within the stacked solar cell layers, which must be measured.
  • the arrangement can also be used for the measurement of single-junction solar cells, likewise preferably with the aid of reference solar cells.
  • a solar simulator according to the present invention which has a radiation source 1 in the form of a xenon flash lamp to which directly adjoin one or more mirror elements 7.
  • a radiation source 1 in the form of a xenon flash lamp to which directly adjoin one or more mirror elements 7.
  • the mirror elements 7 abut directly on the tube body of the xenon flash lamp 1.
  • the flashlamp is helical in shape to achieve the most homogeneous possible radiation.
  • the number and shape of the mirror elements 7 can be adjusted so that as far as possible over the entire longitudinal extent of the flash lamp 1 mirror elements 7 directly abut the tube body. In Fig. 2 this is exemplified for two mirror elements 7.
  • brackets 6 such as clamp brackets with the tube body of the flashlamp 1, these brackets are preferably formed metallic.
  • the brackets 6 are to be understood here as part of the mirror elements 7.
  • the mirror elements 7 are made of aluminum and have a gold coating. But the mirror elements 7 can also be made entirely of gold. However, it can also be provided that the mirror element 7 has a metal layer with an oxide layer, for example aluminum.
  • the mirror element may also include a semiconductor layer, for example silicon an oxide layer, wherein the oxide layer may also be provided with a further coating, for example of aluminum.
  • the semiconductor oxide layer may be formed as a thermal oxide layer, as it is produced in a thermal oxidation process. On the oxide layer, the aluminum layer can then be applied by vapor deposition. The following is to be assumed by a mirror element 7 made of aluminum with a gold coating.
  • Fig. 1 the radiation source 1 together with the mirror element 7 is shown only to simplify the representation in the plane of the paper.
  • the radiation source 1 as well as the mirror element 7 is arranged in a plane perpendicular to the emission direction 10 of the solar simulator.
  • the actual arrangement of the radiation source 1 and the mirror element 7 is in Fig. 5 shown.
  • a constant voltage is applied to electrodes at the ends of the flashlamp 1, which voltage is generated by a voltage source 8.
  • This voltage is designed so that it is not sufficient to ignite the flash lamp 1, so it is below the ignition voltage.
  • a few kilovolts can be generated by the voltage source 8.
  • the constant voltage is between 600 V and 1000 V, in particular at about 800 V.
  • a high-voltage potential is applied as ignition voltage to the mirror elements 7 and / or the holders 6, as the Fig. 1 and 2 demonstrate.
  • the high-voltage potential applied to the mirror elements 7 and / or the holders 6 can be generated for example via high-voltage source 9 such as an ignition coil and is typically several tens of kilovolts, preferably between 10 kV and 20 kV, in particular about 15 kV.
  • high-voltage source 9 such as an ignition coil and is typically several tens of kilovolts, preferably between 10 kV and 20 kV, in particular about 15 kV.
  • the special type of arrangement of the mirror elements 7 immediately adjacent, ie immediately adjacent to the tube body of the flashlamp 1, improves the homogeneity of the emission, on the one hand by the reflection effect of the mirror elements 7 (see FIG Fig. 2 ), which takes place by the gold coating advantageous especially in the infrared range, on the other hand by the action of the mirror elements 7 and / or the holders 6 as high-voltage electrodes, which guarantee the homogeneity of the discharge in the flashlamp 1 during the ignition process.
  • Fig. 1 further shows that the flashlamp 1 and the mirror elements 7 are connected via brackets 11 with a granite support plate 4.
  • This carrier plate has the advantages already mentioned.
  • the arrangement is also flash lamp 1 and mirror elements 7 surrounded by a housing 2, which has a plurality of successively arranged aperture elements 3 in the wall region in the direction of the emission direction 10 of the solar simulator.
  • the housing is cylindrical, for example, then the diaphragm elements 3 are formed as successively arranged, concentric rings.
  • the present solar simulator can also according to the Fig. 4 be further developed by 10 slidable filter 5 are arranged perpendicular to the radiation direction, which can be preferably also superimposed, as shown by the dashed lines in Fig. 4 indicated.
  • Such sliding filters are basically off DE 201 03 645 known.
  • the filters 5 can suppress either the same or different proportions of the electromagnetic radiation of the flashlamp 1, as already described above.
  • the filters 5 consist for example of quartz glass, such as Herasil®.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Simulateur solaire, qui présente :
    - une source (1) de rayonnement pulsé qui émet un rayonnement électromagnétique,
    - au moins un élément réfléchissant (7) disposé dans la zone occupée par la source de rayonnement et qui réfléchit des parties du rayonnement de la source de rayonnement (1) essentiellement dans la direction de la direction d'émission (10) du simulateur solaire,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - le ou les éléments réfléchissants (7) sont disposés en position immédiatement adjacente à la source de rayonnement (1),
    - le ou les éléments réfléchissants (7) sont au moins en partie réalisés en métal,
    - au moins une partie de la tension d'allumage de la source de rayonnement pulsé est appliquée sur l'élément réfléchissant (7) et
    - la source (1) de rayonnement est courbée dans la direction de son extension longitudinale.
  2. Simulateur solaire selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le ou les éléments réfléchissants (7) sont plans.
  3. Simulateur solaire selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le ou les éléments réfléchissants (7) présentent un matériau hautement réfléchissant ou un revêtement hautement réfléchissant qui présentent dans la plage de l'infrarouge un rendement de réflexion supérieur à 60 %, de préférence supérieur à 70 % et idéalement supérieur à 90 %.
  4. Simulateur solaire selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le ou les éléments réfléchissants (7) présentent un revêtement constitué d'or ou d'un alliage contenant de l'or ou au moins des parties de l'élément réfléchissant (7) sont constituées d'or.
  5. Simulateur solaire selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le ou les éléments réfléchissants (7) présentent une couche semiconductrice, en particulier en silicium, dotée d'une couche d'oxyde, ou une couche métallique, en particulier en métal léger, dotée d'une couche d'oxyde.
  6. Simulateur solaire selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la source de rayonnement (1) a une forme annulaire ou en hélice.
  7. Simulateur solaire selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la source de rayonnement (1) est entourée par un boîtier (2) qui présente dans la partie qui forme sa paroi plusieurs éléments d'écran (3) disposés les uns derrière les autres dans la direction d'émission (10).
  8. Simulateur solaire selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la source de rayonnement (1) et/ou l'élément réfléchissant (7) sont reliés par des fixations (11) à une plaque de support (4) en granit.
EP04003125A 2003-02-14 2004-02-12 Simulateur du soleil pulsé à homogénéité améliorée Expired - Lifetime EP1447615B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10306150A DE10306150B4 (de) 2003-02-14 2003-02-14 Gepulster Sonnensimulator mit verbesserter Homogenität
DE10306150 2003-02-14

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1447615A2 EP1447615A2 (fr) 2004-08-18
EP1447615A3 EP1447615A3 (fr) 2007-06-27
EP1447615B1 true EP1447615B1 (fr) 2009-09-09

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Family Applications (1)

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EP04003125A Expired - Lifetime EP1447615B1 (fr) 2003-02-14 2004-02-12 Simulateur du soleil pulsé à homogénéité améliorée

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US7067831B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1447615B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10306150B4 (fr)

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US7657147B2 (en) * 2006-03-02 2010-02-02 Solar Light Company, Inc. Sunlight simulator apparatus
US8239165B1 (en) 2007-09-28 2012-08-07 Alliance For Sustainable Energy, Llc Ultra-fast determination of quantum efficiency of a solar cell
US9063006B2 (en) * 2008-05-09 2015-06-23 The Boeing Company Optical source assembly suitable for use as a solar simulator and associated methods
US20090279277A1 (en) * 2008-05-09 2009-11-12 Jungwirth Douglas R Optical source assembly suitable for use as a solar simulator and associated methods
DE102008025644A1 (de) * 2008-05-28 2010-06-10 Astrium Gmbh Vorrichtung zur indirekten frequenzselektiven Ausleuchtung von Solarzellen
GB0821146D0 (en) 2008-11-19 2008-12-24 Univ Denmark Tech Dtu Method of testing solar cells
WO2011120172A1 (fr) 2010-03-31 2011-10-06 Ats Automation Tooling Systems Inc. Systèmes et procédés de génération de lumière
TWI397708B (zh) 2010-04-06 2013-06-01 Ind Tech Res Inst 太陽能電池之量測系統和太陽光模擬器
TW201205046A (en) * 2010-07-28 2012-02-01 Chroma Ate Inc Sunlight simulator with detection device and solar cell detection device
TWI440794B (zh) 2010-09-27 2014-06-11 Ind Tech Res Inst 太陽光模擬器
US8439530B2 (en) 2011-02-16 2013-05-14 The Boeing Company Method and apparatus for simulating solar light
DE102011014755B4 (de) * 2011-03-22 2013-02-21 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg Ausstellungsvorrichtung für eine Solarthermieanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Ausstellungsvorrichtung für eine Solarthermieanlage
CN102252826B (zh) * 2011-04-15 2012-12-12 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 高平行度大口径聚光系统聚光效率的测试装置及方法
CN102353884B (zh) * 2011-06-29 2013-10-16 中海阳新能源电力股份有限公司 模拟太阳移动蒙气差校正测试led光源装置
US8736272B2 (en) * 2011-11-30 2014-05-27 Spire Corporation Adjustable spectrum LED solar simulator system and method
US10720883B2 (en) 2017-04-24 2020-07-21 Angstrom Designs, Inc Apparatus and method for testing performance of multi-junction solar cells
US11356056B1 (en) 2020-12-23 2022-06-07 Industrial Technology Research Institute Photovoltaic mobile lab

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DE20103645U1 (de) 2001-03-02 2001-05-23 Astrium GmbH, 81667 München Sonnensimulator mit verschiebbarem Filter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1447615A3 (fr) 2007-06-27
EP1447615A2 (fr) 2004-08-18
DE502004010016D1 (de) 2009-10-22
DE10306150A1 (de) 2004-09-02
US7067831B2 (en) 2006-06-27
DE10306150B4 (de) 2010-08-19
US20040223325A1 (en) 2004-11-11

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