EP1444372B1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von nichtkornorientiertem elektroblech - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von nichtkornorientiertem elektroblech Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1444372B1 EP1444372B1 EP02779558A EP02779558A EP1444372B1 EP 1444372 B1 EP1444372 B1 EP 1444372B1 EP 02779558 A EP02779558 A EP 02779558A EP 02779558 A EP02779558 A EP 02779558A EP 1444372 B1 EP1444372 B1 EP 1444372B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- strip
- hot
- rolling
- cold
- heat treatment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Revoked
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a particular fabrication or treatment of ingot or slab
- C21D8/1211—Rapid solidification; Thin strip casting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the working step(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1233—Cold rolling
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing non-grain oriented electrical sheet or strip.
- non-grain oriented electrical sheet is in this context a steel sheet or a Steel band understood, which is independent of his Texture below those mentioned in DIN 46 400 part 1 or 4 Sheet metal falls and its loss anisotropy in DIN 46 400 part 1 limits.
- the terms “tin” and “band” are synonymous here used.
- the invention had the object of providing a method for cost-effective production of non-grain-oriented To create electrical sheet or strip.
- the hot strip before cold rolling a Subjected to pickling treatment and / or before cold rolling be annealed.
- the invention couples the through the use of a Casting rolling mill (in-line casting and rolling) achievable Effects with effects of reducing the workload Cold rolling by using hot-rolled strip made of FeSi steels in a thickness ⁇ 1.8 mm, advantageously ⁇ 1.2 mm.
- hot strip according to the invention can be processed with respect to the prior art significantly reduced effort to cold-rolled NO electrical steel whose final thickness typically 0.35 mm to 0.75 mm, in particular 0.2 mm, 0.35 mm, 0.50 mm or 0.65 mm. It has surprisingly been found that inventively produced NO electric sheet has despite the saving of conventional process always necessary process steps properties that are at least equal to the properties of conventionally produced NO electric sheets.
- inventively produced NO electric sheet has despite the saving of conventional process always necessary process steps properties that are at least equal to the properties of conventionally produced NO electric sheets.
- P 1.5 is understood to mean the loss of magnetization at a polarization of 1.5 T and a frequency of 50 Hz.
- the grades of the same alloy conventionally produced on the basis of conventional hot strip give values for P 1.5 of> 5.3 W / kg.
- the the known casting rolls own continuous Sequence of potting steel to thin slabs and hot rolling the thin slabs to hot strip also allowed in the production of inventive hot strips the Saving of work steps, such as reheating slabs and roughing.
- the saving of the relevant work steps Effects on the material condition in the different production phases. This is different in some cases significantly from the condition that occurs in the conventional production of hot strip is achieved at the one with a reheating of the cooled slabs is started.
- the According to the invention produced hot strips of conventional differentiates.
- in-line casting rolls the forming process during hot rolling at favorable thermal conditions. So can the Walzstiche applied with higher degrees of deformation and the Forming conditions targeted for the control of Structure development can be used.
- the transition temperature from the mixing zone to the ferrite A r1 ⁇ 900 ° C ⁇ 20 ° C and in particular when the thickness of the finished hot-rolled hot strip is not more than 1.2 mm , during hot rolling achieves at least 30% of the thickness decrease in the ferrite area.
- the transition temperature from the mixture region to the ferrite region A r1 ⁇ 900 ° C ⁇ 20 ° C and the thickness of the finished hot-rolled hot strip is not more than 1.2 mm in particular, it is favorable if at least 35% of the thickness decrease during hot rolling in the two-phase region ⁇ / ⁇ .
- a rolling is performed in the mixed area, can it also be appropriate to have at least one stitch in the perform pure ferrite.
- the Thickness decrease during rolling in the ferrite region preferably at least 10% and not more than 33%, so that the Emphasis of reshaping despite the final Rolling in the ferrite area unchanged in the mixed area Austenite / ferrite lies.
- the last Strokes of hot rolling are carried out in ferrite during hot rolling at least one of the last Forming stitches rolled with lubrication.
- hot rolling with lubrication occur on the one hand lower Shear deformations, so that the rolled strip in Result a more homogeneous structure across the cross section receives.
- the lubrication reduced so that above the respective Walzstich a higher thickness decrease is possible. Therefore It can, depending on the desired properties of the too generating electric sheet, be advantageous if all occurring in the ferrite Umformstiche with a rolling lubrication be performed.
- the reel temperature should be chosen so that it at least 300 ° C lower than that Hot rolling end temperature or higher than that by 150 ° C reduced hot rolling temperature. In compliance with the high Reel temperature can usually be at an additional Hot strip annealing entirely or at least substantially be waived. So rewinding at high supports Temperatures the further softening of the hot strip already in the coil, taking its properties determining Characteristics, such as grain size, texture and excretions, be additionally positively influenced.
- the low reel temperatures are especially useful higher siliconized electrical sheet grades good Results of work, since in this case, in the course of the Coiling sets a microstructure state when subsequent cold rolling to the expression of a view favorable to the properties of NO electrical sheets Grain structure leads.
- Hot strip to undergo a surface treatment.
- This surface treatment usually includes a Pickling of the hot strip, which sticking to the hot strip Tinder is removed.
- the Surface treatment electrolytic, chemical and / or physically mechanical. The result will be here get a scale-free, as level as possible surface, which ensures a trouble-free cold rolling and the Production of a high-quality cold rolling product supported.
- Hot-rolled strips in particular have an advantageous effect when the thickness of the hot strip when leaving the Hot strip mill is not more than 1.2 mm. So thin According to the invention produced hot strip can be due to its small thickness in a particularly simple Process into a cold-rolled electrical sheet, its final thickness typically 0.35 mm to 0.75 mm, in particular 0.2 mm, 0.35 mm, 0.50 mm or 0.65 mm, is.
- the hot strip according to the invention as thin as possibly generated, in particular to thicknesses below 1.2 mm is hot rolled, in the inventive approach regularly enough, the cold rolling with a 20% up 65% total deformation to perform the to achieve the end thicknesses required by the user.
- the cold rolling can be multi-stage in a known manner respectively. If necessary, it can be done in the same way known manner between at least one of the stages of Kaltwalzens an intermediate annealing of the cold-rolled strip be performed. This intermediate annealing can be done in one decarburizing atmosphere to be carried out as possible low carbon contents of the resulting NO sheet adjust.
- the cold strip obtained in a conventional manner a final heat treatment be subjected to in the cold-rolled strip an optimal magnetic texture and grain distribution and size too achieve.
- the cold strip after the Nachrollzen final heat treatment the Automatumformgrad ⁇ 20%.
- the magnetic polarization J2500 is plotted against the magnetic reversal loss P 1.5 for various non-grain-oriented electrical sheets.
- Table 1 which is also attached, shows the properties and processing parameters for non-grain oriented electrical steel sheets produced under hot conditions W1 to W16 under laboratory conditions and Table 2 shows the properties and processing parameters for non grain oriented electrical steel sheets produced under hot conditions W17 to W22.
- non-grain oriented electrical sheets is a FeSil.3 alloy with (in wt%) 0.0017% C, 0.195% Mn, 1.286% Si, 0.039% P and 0.128% Al, balance iron and unavoidable impurities have been melted.
- the resulting molten steel is in a casting-rolling plant first shed to a strand, from which then in a continuous process Thin slabs were divided, which subsequently as well "in-line” in several passes to hot-rolled strips W1-W22 hot rolled and then reeled.
- the respective Final thickness WBd of hot strips W1-W22 is shown in Tables 1 and 2 specified.
- the hot strip thickness WBd of the invention produced hot strips W1-W9 and W17 to W20 was included each below 1.8 mm. For the hot tapes W3, W6, W9 and W17 were even less than 1.2 mm.
- the hot tapes W10-W16 and W21 and W22 are in contrast, conventional, not inventive Means have been made by cutting the steel into slabs was poured, which was then first cooled to slabs, then reheated and then rolled, before getting to a final thickness in the hot rolling mill 2 mm hot rolled.
- the hot strips W1, W2, W3 and the hot strip W10 are after rewinding into cold tapes 0.35 mm thick, the hot strips W4, W5, W6 and the hot strips W11, W12, W13 as well as the hot tapes W17 to W22 to cold tapes with a Thickness of 0.5 mm and the hot strips W7, W8, W9 and the Hot tapes W14, W15 and W16 to cold tapes with a thickness cold rolled from 0.65 mm.
- the achieved Forming degrees are in the column UG in the attached Tables entered.
- the electromagnetic characteristics P 1.0 , P 1.5 , P 1.7 , J 800 , J 1000 , J 2500 , J 5000 and J 10000 are given in Tables 1.2.
- P 1.0 ", "P 1.5 “ or “P 1.7” is the loss of magnetization at a polarization of 1.0 T, 1.5 T or 1.7 T and a respective frequency of 50 Hz understood.
- J 800 ", "J 1000 “, “J 2500 “, “J 5000 “ and “J 10000” respectively denote the magnetic polarization at a magnetic field intensity of 800 A / m, 1000 A / m, 2500 A / m, 5000 A / m or 10000 A / m.
- non-grain-oriented electrical sheets can be produced in the inventive procedure despite or even because of the savings made possible by the use of a casting-rolling plant in hot processing and low deformation in the cold strip production, their properties at least equal to those of conventionally produced sheets or even superior to that, as the diagram shows.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Steel Electrode Plates (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Apparatuses And Processes For Manufacturing Resistors (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
- Cold Cathode And The Manufacture (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
Description
- Erschmelzen des Stahls,
- Vergießen des Stahls zu Brammen oder Dünnbrammen,
- soweit erforderlich, Wiedererwärmen der Brammen oder Dünnbrammen,
- Einsetzen der Brammen oder Dünnbrammen in einer Warmwalzstraße,
- Vorwalzen der Brammen oder Dünnbrammen,
- Fertigwarmwalzen der Brammen oder Dünnbrammen zu einem Warmband, dessen Enddicke typischerweise zwischen 2 mm und 3 mm liegt,
- soweit erforderlich Glühen und Beizen des Warmbands, wobei diese Warmbandbehandlungen als kombiniertes Glühbeizen ausgeführt werden können,
- ein- oder mehrstufig mit zwischengeschalteter Glühung erfolgendes Kaltwalzen des Warmbands zu einem Kaltband, und
- Schlußglühen solcher Kaltbänder, die mit einem betragenden Gesamtumformgrad > 65 % kaltgewalzt worden sind, oder
- Glühen und Nachwalzen solcher Kaltbänder, die mit einem höchstens 20 % betragenden Gesamtumformgrad kalt nachgewalzt worden sind.
- Erschmelzen eines Stahls mit (in Gew.-%) C: ≤ 0,01 %, Mn: ≤ 1, 5 %, Si: 0,1 - 4,5 %, Al: 0,001 - 2, 0 %, P: ≤ 0,1 %, Sn: ≤ 0,15 %, Sb: ≤ 0,15 %, Rest Eisen und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen,
- Vergießen des Stahls zu Dünnbrammen oder gegossenem Band,
- kontinuierlich auf das Vergießen folgendes Wärmebehandeln der gegossenen Dünnbrammen oder des gegossenen Bandes,
- kontinuierlich auf das Wärmebehandeln folgendes Warmwalzen der Dünnbrammen oder des gegossenen Bandes zu einem Warmband mit einer Enddicke von ≤ 1,8 mm,
- Haspeln des Warmbands,
- Kaltwalzen des Warmbands zu einem Kaltband mit einer Enddicke von ≤ 0,75 mm, wobei der während des Kaltwalzens erzielte Gesamtumformgrad höchstens 65% beträgt, und
- Schlußwärmebehandeln des Kaltbands.
Claims (19)
- Verfahren zum Herstellen von kaltgewalztem nichtkornorientierten Elektroblech oder -band mit einer Enddicke von ≤ 0,75 nm umfassend folgende Arbeitsschritte:Erschmelzen eines Stahls mit (in Gew.-%)
C ≤ 0,01 %, Mn ≤ 1,5 %, Si 0,1 - 4,5 %, Al 0,001 - 2,0 %, P ≤ 0,1 %, Sn ≤ 0,15 %, Sb ≤ 0,15 %, Vergießen des Stahls zu Dünnbrammen oder gegossenem Band,kontinuierlich auf das Vergießen folgendes Wärmebehandeln der gegossenen Dünnbrammen oder des gegossenen Bandes,kontinuierlich auf das Wärmebehandeln folgendes Warmwalzen der Dünnbrammen oder des gegossenen Bandes zu einem Warmband mit einer Enddicke von ≤ 1,8 mm,Haspeln des Warmbands,Kaltwalzen des Warmbands zu einem Kaltband mit einer Enddicke von ≤ 0,75 mm, wobei der während des Kaltwalzens erzielte Gesamtumformgrad höchstens 65 % beträgt, undSchlußwärmebehandeln des Kaltbands. - Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dicke des Warmbands höchstens 1,2 mm beträgt und das Kaltwalzen mit einem Gesamtumformgrad von 20 % bis 65 % erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Warmband einer Oberflächenbehandlung unterzogen wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Oberflächenbehandlung allein ein Beizen des Warmbands umfaßt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Oberflächenbehandlung aus einer Kombination einer physikalischen, insbesondere einer mechanischen Vorbehandlung mit einer chemischen Behandlung, wie Beizen, besteht.
- Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens 30 % der Dickenabnahme während des Warmwalzens im Ferritgebiet erzielt werden, wenn die Übergangstemperatur vom Mischgebiet zum Ferritgebiet Ar1 ≥ 900 °C ± 20 °C beträgt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens 35 % der Dickenabnahme während des Warmwalzens im Zweiphasengebiet γ/α erzielt werden, wenn die Übergangstemperatur vom Mischgebiet zum Ferritgebiet Ar1 ≤ 900 °C ± 20 °C beträgt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens ein Stich im reinen Ferritgebiet durchgeführt wird und d a ß die Dickenabnahme beim Walzen im Ferritgebiet mindestens 10 % und höchstens 33 % beträgt.
- Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beim Warmwalzen im Ferritgebiet mindestens ein Stich mit Schmierung durchgeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für die Haspeltemperatur gilt:Haspeltemperatur > Warmwalzendtemperatur - 150 °C.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für die Haspeltemperatur gilt:Haspeltemperatur < Warmwalzendtemperatur - 300 °C.
- Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Warmband einer Warmbandglühung unterzogen wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kaltwalzen mehrstufig erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen mindestens einer der Stufen des Kaltwalzens eine Zwischenglühung des kaltgewalzten Bandes durchgeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zwischenglühung in einer entkohlenden Atmosphäre durchgeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schlußwärmebehandlung in einer entkohlenden Atmosphäre durchgeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schlußwärmebehandlung in einer nichtentkohlenden Atmosphäre erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Anschluß an die Schlußwärmebehandlung eine elektrolytische, chemische und/oder physikalische Oberflächenbehandlung des Kaltbandes durchgeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kaltband nach der Schlußwärmebehandlung mit einem Gesamtumformgrad von < 15 % nachgewalzt wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10156059 | 2001-11-16 | ||
DE10156059A DE10156059A1 (de) | 2001-11-16 | 2001-11-16 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von nichtkornorientiertem Elektroblech |
PCT/EP2002/012754 WO2003042416A1 (de) | 2001-11-16 | 2002-11-14 | Verfahren zur herstellung von nichtkornorientiertem elektroblech |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1444372A1 EP1444372A1 (de) | 2004-08-11 |
EP1444372B1 true EP1444372B1 (de) | 2005-02-23 |
Family
ID=7705804
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02779558A Revoked EP1444372B1 (de) | 2001-11-16 | 2002-11-14 | Verfahren zur herstellung von nichtkornorientiertem elektroblech |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1444372B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2005509738A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20050044499A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE289631T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10156059A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2238617T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2003042416A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4804478B2 (ja) * | 2004-12-21 | 2011-11-02 | ポスコ | 磁束密度を向上させた無方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 |
CN102776346A (zh) * | 2012-07-06 | 2012-11-14 | 河北钢铁股份有限公司邯郸分公司 | 一种非传统薄板坯连铸连轧生产无取向电工钢的热轧方法 |
KR102045655B1 (ko) * | 2017-12-26 | 2019-12-05 | 주식회사 포스코 | 자기적 특성 및 형상이 우수한 박물 무방향성 전기강판 및 그 제조방법 |
KR102043525B1 (ko) * | 2017-12-26 | 2019-11-12 | 주식회사 포스코 | 자기적 특성 및 형상이 우수한 박물 무방향성 전기강판 및 그 제조방법 |
KR102109241B1 (ko) * | 2017-12-26 | 2020-05-11 | 주식회사 포스코 | 형상 품질이 우수한 무방향성 전기강판 및 그 제조방법 |
KR101977510B1 (ko) * | 2017-12-26 | 2019-08-28 | 주식회사 포스코 | 자기적 특성이 우수하고, 두께 편차가 작은 무방향성 전기강판 및 그 제조방법 |
KR102045653B1 (ko) * | 2017-12-26 | 2019-11-15 | 주식회사 포스코 | 재질과 두께의 편차가 작은 무방향성 전기강판 및 그 제조방법 |
CN113969371B (zh) * | 2020-07-24 | 2022-09-20 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种定子、转子铁芯同时套裁用无取向电工钢板及其制造方法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3935038A (en) * | 1971-10-28 | 1976-01-27 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Method for manufacturing non-oriented electrical steel sheet and strip having no ridging |
DD299102A7 (de) * | 1989-12-06 | 1992-04-02 | ������@����������@��������@��������@��@��������k�� | Verfahren zur herstellung von nichtorientiertem elektroblech |
JPH03232924A (ja) * | 1990-02-08 | 1991-10-16 | Nippon Steel Corp | 直送圧延による無方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 |
DE19918484C2 (de) * | 1999-04-23 | 2002-04-04 | Ebg Elektromagnet Werkstoffe | Verfahren zum Herstellen von nichtkornorientiertem Elektroblech |
-
2001
- 2001-11-16 DE DE10156059A patent/DE10156059A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-11-14 AT AT02779558T patent/ATE289631T1/de active
- 2002-11-14 ES ES02779558T patent/ES2238617T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-14 JP JP2003544229A patent/JP2005509738A/ja active Pending
- 2002-11-14 EP EP02779558A patent/EP1444372B1/de not_active Revoked
- 2002-11-14 DE DE50202344T patent/DE50202344D1/de not_active Revoked
- 2002-11-14 KR KR1020047007481A patent/KR20050044499A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-11-14 WO PCT/EP2002/012754 patent/WO2003042416A1/de active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1444372A1 (de) | 2004-08-11 |
ES2238617T3 (es) | 2005-09-01 |
ATE289631T1 (de) | 2005-03-15 |
WO2003042416A1 (de) | 2003-05-22 |
JP2005509738A (ja) | 2005-04-14 |
DE10156059A1 (de) | 2003-05-28 |
DE50202344D1 (de) | 2005-03-31 |
KR20050044499A (ko) | 2005-05-12 |
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