EP1432501A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum mischen von zwei reaktionsfähigen gasen - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zum mischen von zwei reaktionsfähigen gasen

Info

Publication number
EP1432501A1
EP1432501A1 EP02783152A EP02783152A EP1432501A1 EP 1432501 A1 EP1432501 A1 EP 1432501A1 EP 02783152 A EP02783152 A EP 02783152A EP 02783152 A EP02783152 A EP 02783152A EP 1432501 A1 EP1432501 A1 EP 1432501A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gases
mixer
gas
orifices
injection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02783152A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jacques Dugue
Fabien Illy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA a Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA a Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Publication of EP1432501A1 publication Critical patent/EP1432501A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/26—Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/314—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit
    • B01F25/3142—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit the conduit having a plurality of openings in the axial direction or in the circumferential direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/314—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit
    • B01F25/3142—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit the conduit having a plurality of openings in the axial direction or in the circumferential direction
    • B01F25/31425—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit the conduit having a plurality of openings in the axial direction or in the circumferential direction with a plurality of perforations in the axial and circumferential direction covering the whole surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/433—Mixing tubes wherein the shape of the tube influences the mixing, e.g. mixing tubes with varying cross-section or provided with inwardly extending profiles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/433—Mixing tubes wherein the shape of the tube influences the mixing, e.g. mixing tubes with varying cross-section or provided with inwardly extending profiles
    • B01F25/4336—Mixers with a diverging cross-section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/10—Mixing gases with gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00164—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the flow
    • B01J2219/00166—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the flow controlling the residence time inside the reactor vessel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for mixing potentially flammable reactive gases.
  • the invention therefore relates to a process for mixing potentially flammable reactive gases making it possible to obtain excellent homogeneity of the mixture for the process for which it is intended while preventing the development of a reaction in the mixer.
  • mixers can be identified. Mixing operations are most often carried out using static mixers. These have a pattern which creates a pressure drop when the gases to be mixed come into contact with this pattern, which generates the mixture of gases.
  • These mixers are very efficient but also very bulky. They cannot easily be adapted to already existing installations as would be necessary for the bottlenecks. In addition, they can constitute a risk of blockage or particle traps. The presence of catalyst particles has already been the cause of accidents and explosions, in particular in the manufacture of nitric acid. Since the mixing mechanisms are not very accessible inside the mixer, this type of material is generally not used when the mixture to be produced is very reactive because the distribution of the residence times in such mixers is difficult to know.
  • Mixers with transverse jets are also used, such as that described in application FR-A-2 665 088: it is a radial gas injector with rotary movement usable for example for the operations of superoxygenation in catalytic crackers fluids (called FCC), catalytic oxidations or furnaces (metallurgy, glass or cement).
  • FCC catalytic crackers fluids
  • furnaces metalurgy, glass or cement.
  • This type of mixer makes it possible to obtain a homogeneous macroscopic mixture, but in certain cases one can observe zones of fluid recirculation behind the plume of the jets (quasi wake) or behind the injectors (drag,), which can increase the times of local stays which can cause spontaneous inflammation.
  • coaxial jet mixers based on the principle of creating multiple small coaxial jets in the main flow. They include many so-called "rake" type injectors ensuring the injection of a very combustible gas into air or an oxidant to limit the risk of ignition (or vice versa). This type of injector is found in the process for synthesizing ethylene oxide (oxygen injection) or maleic anhydride (butane injection).
  • mixers are not very flexible and bulky (presence of a long bundle of small tubes). Due to the coaxial jets, the mixture is mainly diffusional which penalizes the performances because a large contact surface is created between the reactive gases, where the mixing takes place mainly by diffusion (slower mixing).
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a process for mixing two potentially flammable reactive gases making it possible to obtain a homogeneous mixture in a time less than the chemical time of the reaction of the two gases. Another object is to propose a mixer capable of implementing this process.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a device according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is an example of distribution residence times obtained by using the device of FIG. 1.
  • the invention relates first of all to a method of mixing at least two reactive gases in a mixer in which: the average residence time (t m ) of the gases in the mixer is less than or equal to the chemical reaction time of the gases to be mixed, and the standard deviation of the distribution of residence times (e) represents at most 20%, preferably at most 10%, of the average residence time (t m ) of the distribution of residence times.
  • the chemical reaction time of the gases is defined as the time for ignition by self-ignition of these gases under the pressure and temperature conditions of the mixture.
  • the invention proposes to use a mixer having the following geometry: a first part of divergent frustoconical shape, a second cylindrical part placed in the extension of the first part and having the same axis of symmetry, said axis of the mixer, an orifice located at the end of the first part and allowing the axial injection of at least one gas so as to form an axial flow in the mixer, said main flow, orifices drilled in the wall of the first part and allowing injection in the form of jets of the other gas or gases within the main flow, said orifices being oriented towards the center of the mixer in the direction of injection of the gases into the mixer and according to a angle ⁇ between 20 ° and 70 ° relative to the axis of the device.
  • the first part of the mixer makes it possible to control the distribution of the gas residence time while the second part makes it possible to complete the mixing of the gases up to the characteristics imposed by the downstream process such as: degree of homogeneity or a dispersion of particles for example.
  • the invention relates more specifically to this type of device consisting of two parts placed in the extension of one another and cooperating with one another.
  • the first part is of divergent frustoconical shape.
  • the gases are introduced on the side of the truncated cone having the cross section of smaller diameter so that they go towards the other side of the cone, towards the second part of the mixer.
  • the half-angle ⁇ at the top of the cone formed by the first part of the mixer is generally at most 10 °, preferably between 2 ° and 8 °, even more preferably between 4 ° and 6 °.
  • the second part is placed in the extension of the first divergent part, therefore on the side of the truncated cone having the cross section of larger diameter.
  • This second part has the shape of a cylinder centered on the same axis of symmetry as the first frustoconical part. The second part cooperates with the first part: thus, the diameter of the cylinder is the same as that of the largest end of the cone.
  • the length of the second cylindrical part is preferably between 1 D and 100 D, preferably between 10 D and 70 D, even more preferably between 20 D and 50 D, with D diameter of the cylinder formed by this second part.
  • This length is generally a function of the degree of homogeneity the required mixture; it must also ensure compliance with the conditions regarding the distribution of residence times.
  • the injection of the gases to be mixed takes place through orifices which are all located in the first part of the mixing device. There are two types of orifices. First of all, the device comprises an orifice located at the end of the first part of the mixer which has the cross section of smaller diameter. The orifice has a shape such that it allows the axial injection of at least one gas so as to form a flow parallel to the axis of the mixer.
  • the device then comprises orifices drilled in the wall of the first part of the mixer.
  • these orifices are distributed uniformly over the wall of the frustum of the first part. They generally all have the same shape, often round. They preferably all have the same diameter. According to a preferred variant, they are distributed in the form of at least two crowns, said crowns corresponding to straight sections of the truncated cone. On the same crown, the orifices are generally placed uniformly at the same distance from each other; this distance preferably represents at least twice the diameter of these orifices.
  • a mixer is used which has as many rows of orifice rings as possible in the first part of the mixer.
  • the holes of one are offset from the other.
  • the central axis of this orifice is oriented towards the center of the mixer in the direction of injection of the gases into the mixer at an angle ⁇ between 20 ° and 70 °, preferably between 20 ° and 60 °.
  • all of these orifices have the same angle of orientation.
  • These orifices can be configured so as to give a radial effect with rotating movement to the gas (s) coming from said orifices. Preferably, this effect is not implemented for the main flow.
  • the diameters of the orifices are generally fixed as a function of the ratios of the speeds of the gases which are injected into the mixer: thus they can make it possible to determine the speed of the injected gas so that it is greater than that of the mixture of flowing gases. in the tapered section.
  • the invention relates more particularly to the mixing device in which all the holes drilled in the wall of the first part of the device have the same shape of section and the same diameter.
  • the previously described mixer is particularly suitable for gas mixtures whose ratio V 2 2 / V ⁇ 2 is between 1 and 2, and preferably between 1 and 1, 5, with: Vi: speed of the gas or gases injected through the orifice located at the end of the first part, V 2 : speed of the gas or gases injected through the holes drilled in the wall of the first part of the mixer
  • the gaseous mixtures of methane and oxygenated gases can be particularly treated by this mixer: an oxygenated gas is injected into the orifice located at the end of the first part of the methane and into the orifices drilled in the wall of the first part. .
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a section of a mixing device according to the invention.
  • An orifice (4) located at the end of the first part allows the axial injection of at least one gas.
  • These orifices are oriented towards the center of the mixer in the direction of injection of the gases into the mixer at an angle of 50 ° relative to the axis of the mixer.
  • the mixer defined in Figure 1 is used for mixing CH and a premix of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
  • CH 4 is introduced with a speed of 46 m / s and the premix of oxygen and carbon dioxide with a speed of 54 m / s.
  • the chemical reaction time is 400 ms.
  • FIG. 2 is the distribution of the residence times obtained during this mixing by monitoring the particles in the flow. The following results are obtained:
  • the average residence time of the gases in the mixer to reach a degree of homogeneity of the coefficient of variation (CV) of 5% is only 27 ms therefore less than the chemical reaction time of the gases to be mixed, which is 400 ms (result obtained by statistical calculation on the distribution of CH 4 concentrations on each cross section of the mixer),
  • the standard deviation of the distribution of residence times (e) represents 3.5 ms, i.e. less than 20% of the average residence time (t m ) of the distribution of residence times

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
EP02783152A 2001-09-19 2002-09-09 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum mischen von zwei reaktionsfähigen gasen Withdrawn EP1432501A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0112101 2001-09-19
FR0112101A FR2829707B1 (fr) 2001-09-19 2001-09-19 Procede et dispositif de melange de deux gaz reactifs
PCT/FR2002/003055 WO2003024580A1 (fr) 2001-09-19 2002-09-09 Procede et dispositif de melange de deux gaz reactifs

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1432501A1 true EP1432501A1 (de) 2004-06-30

Family

ID=8867427

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02783152A Withdrawn EP1432501A1 (de) 2001-09-19 2002-09-09 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum mischen von zwei reaktionsfähigen gasen

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20040231586A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1432501A1 (de)
JP (1) JP2005503254A (de)
FR (1) FR2829707B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2003024580A1 (de)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2829707B1 (fr) 2003-12-12
JP2005503254A (ja) 2005-02-03
FR2829707A1 (fr) 2003-03-21
US20040231586A1 (en) 2004-11-25
WO2003024580A1 (fr) 2003-03-27

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