EP1430490B1 - Electromagnetic actuator - Google Patents
Electromagnetic actuator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1430490B1 EP1430490B1 EP02779327.2A EP02779327A EP1430490B1 EP 1430490 B1 EP1430490 B1 EP 1430490B1 EP 02779327 A EP02779327 A EP 02779327A EP 1430490 B1 EP1430490 B1 EP 1430490B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- yoke
- armature
- actuator according
- permanent magnet
- return element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
- H01H33/6662—Operating arrangements using bistable electromagnetic actuators, e.g. linear polarised electromagnetic actuators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
- H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
- H01F7/1623—Armatures having T-form
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
- H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
- H01F7/1646—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
- H01F7/122—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position by permanent magnets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/13—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures characterised by pulling-force characteristics
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator, in particular an electromagnetic drive for a switching device, according to the preamble of claim 1.
- FIG. 1 shows in principle such a known electromagnetic drive 10, which has a circumferential yoke 11, which has two parallel longitudinal webs 12 and 13 and in each case a transverse web 14 and 15. Approximately in the middle of the longitudinal webs 12 and 13 have opposite pole pieces 16 and 17, to which permanent magnets 18 and 19 are attached. Between the permanent magnets 18 and 19 is an armature 20 to which a rod 21 and 22 is mounted or attached from non-magnetic material, which each passes through an opening 23 and 24 in the transverse webs 14 and 15. There is a coil 25, 26 depending on the excitation of the coil 25 or 26, the armature 20 in the in.
- only the rod 21 is provided; the rod 22 is not required for an electromagnetic drive for a vacuum chamber and could at most serve to guide the armature 20.
- the force with which the armature 20 is attracted to the lower or upper crossbar depends on the effective area.
- the object of the invention is to further improve an electromagnetic actuator of the type mentioned. This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1.
- the force with which the anchor (s) are attracted by the yoke is also significantly increased by increasing the effective area.
- a drive 30 other than the invention has two elongate yoke members 31 and 32 which are aligned parallel to one another. Approximately in the middle, both yoke parts 31 and 32 have pole shoes 33 and 34 which, as projections, are assigned to one another; on the inner surface of the pole pieces 33 and 34 permanent magnets 35 and 36 are fixed. Between the permanent magnets 35 and 36 is a yoke element 37 of magnetic Material, which is assigned to the two yoke parts 31 and 32 stationary.
- the yoke element 37 has a central bore 38, which is aligned parallel to the course of the yoke parts 31 and 32 and parallel to the course of the yoke element and there sits centrally in the yoke element 37.
- the bore 38 is penetrated by a rod 39 made of non-magnetic material, are secured to the armature 40 and 41.
- the armatures 40 and 41 cover the adjacent end faces of the yoke parts 31 and 32.
- the Fig. 2 shows the electromagnetic drive, in which the armature 41 abuts against the end faces 43 a and 43 b of the yoke parts 31 and 32.
- the armature 40 is attracted to the end faces 42 a and 42 b of the yoke and there are also three air gaps (without reference numerals): the air gaps between the armature 40 and the end faces 42 a and 42 b and the air gap between the armature 40 and the yoke element 37.
- the holding force by a factor "(area at the air gap 50 + area at the air gap 51 + surface at the air gap 52) divided by - area at the air gap 50" increased to a maximum of 100 %.
- Both armatures 40 and 41 move due to their connection with the rod 39 at the same speed and are adapted to each other, that the distance between the armatures 40, 41 and the associated end faces on the yoke and the yoke element in both positions is alternately the same.
- the distance between the armature 41 and the yoke members 31 and 32 and the inference element 37 could be different from the distance of the armature 40 from the yoke members 31 and 32 and the yoke member 37, as required.
- the Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of the invention except.
- the drive 55 has two yoke members 56 and 57 which, in addition to the recesses 44 and 45 (which are to have the same reference number to represent similarity), have further recesses 58 and 59 in which the armatures 40 and 41, respectively, are received;
- an air gap 64 or 65 is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the armature 41 and the arms 62 and 63; corresponding air gaps 66 and 67 are also located between the arms 60 and 61 and the armature 40.
- the force is increased at larger distances of the armature 40 of the yoke members 56 and 57, which can be varied depending on the task and requirement of the distance d.
- the Fig. 4 shows a graphical representation of the tightening force F on the path of movement W of the anchor.
- the solid line L 1 shows the force path of the embodiment Fig. 1 .
- the tightening force is F 1 for the anchor in the Fig. 1 shown position and F 2 for the other position.
- the dashed line L 2 shows the force path for the embodiment according to Fig. 2 , It can be seen that in each tightened state, a force F 2 is measured, which is about twice as large as the force F 1 ; she crosses the line L 1 or L 2, what is on it is due to the fact that the tightening force at a certain distance is smaller than the tightening force in the embodiment according to Fig. 1 ,
- the third line L 3 is above the line L 2 in the positive and in the negative region; the tightening force F 3 corresponds approximately to the tightening force F 2 and unlike the course of the line L 2, the tightening force is not as steep as the tightening force according to the line L 2 which brings the advantage of higher working capacity. It can be seen that the two gaps 64 and 65 or 66 and 67 contribute to an improvement in the force-displacement line.
- the drive 70 excluded from the invention ( Fig. 5 ) is different in construction to the drive according to the Fig. 3 ,
- the two yoke parts 31 and 32 are encompassed at both ends by a respective C-shaped body 71, 72, wherein the mutually facing free ends of the armature 71 and 72 each have an air gap 77, 78 and 79 and 80 with the associated outer surface of the two yoke parts 31st , 32 form.
- the Fig. 7 shows a variant according to the invention of the arrangement of Fig. 3 ,
- the drive 90 has two U-shaped anchors 91 and 92, which engage behind a recess 93 and 94 and 95 and 96 with arms 97, 98 and 99 and 100, respectively.
- FIG. 8 A variant according to the invention of the arrangement according to Fig. 7 show the Fig. 8 ,
- the yoke parts have recesses 101, 102 and 103 and 104.
- the associated armature 105 and 106 are approximately U-shaped with legs 107, 108 and 109 and 110, which engage in the recesses 101, 102 and 103, 104.
- the armatures 105, 106 have the legs 107, 108 and 109, 110 projecting extensions 111, 112, 113 and 114, with the associated end faces of the Jöchteile 115 and 116 for forming an air gap 117 and 118 between the armature 113th and the yoke parts 115, 116 and the armature 111 and the corresponding end surfaces of the yoke parts 115 and 116 form.
- the Fig. 9 shows a further embodiment of the invention except with two anchors.
- the drive has the total reference numeral 120 and includes two yoke parts 121 and 122, which have an E-shape with legs 123 and 124 and 125 and 126 in the region of their free ends and in the middle between each serving as a pole piece web 127 and 128.
- On the inner surfaces of the webs 127 and 128 are the permanent magnets 129 and 130.
- On both sides of the webs between the legs 123 and the webs 127 and 125 and 127 and 124 and 128 or 126 and 128 coils 131 and 132 are arranged.
- a return element 133 Between the two permanent magnets is a return element 133 with a central bore 134 through which engages a rod 135 of non-magnetic material.
- the free ends of the rods are fixedly connected to T-shaped anchors 136 and 137; the longitudinal web 138 and 139 engages between the coils 131 and 132 at least partially, wherein in the Fig. 9 shown position the free end of the longitudinal web 139 abuts against the adjacent end face of the yoke element 133 and there forms an air gap 140 therewith.
- the transverse webs 141 and 142 then each form an air gap 143 and 144 with the outer surfaces of the legs 125 and 126 or 145 and 146;
- air gaps 147 and 148 or 149 and 150 are provided between the free ends of the legs 125 and 126 and the longitudinal web 139 and between the free ends of the legs 123 and 124 and the longitudinal web 138 air gaps 147 and 148 or 149 and 150 are provided.
- the drives described above always have two armatures, with two coils.
- This monostable arrangement has the advantages of reduced material usage, smaller size and simpler construction.
- the monostable drives of the invention is excluded from the Fig. 10 Referenced.
- the drive 200 described here has two approximately U-shaped yoke parts 201 and 202.
- a coil 205 is inserted;
- the drive 200 further has a T-shaped armature which corresponds to the armature 136 and bears the reference numeral 206 here.
- An. A crossbar 207, a longitudinal rib 208 is formed, which engages between the other legs 209 and 210 and partially in the coil 205.
- a yoke element 212 is provided at the bottom in the drawing legs 201 and 202.
- a plurality of air gaps are provided: on the one hand between the transverse web 207 and the outer surfaces of the legs 209 and 210, then between the free ends of the legs 209 and 210 and the longitudinal web 208 and between the free end face of the longitudinal web 208 and the yoke element.
- the Fig. 11 shows a drive 220 except of the invention with a U-shaped yoke 221.
- a permanent magnet 223 is attached, and to this permanent magnet 223, a return element 224 is fixed, thereby forming an E-shape with the Legs 225 and 226, wherein the return element 224 is included together with the permanent magnet 223 as a center leg of a coil 227.
- an armature 228 is provided, which is C-shaped, wherein between the facing each other leg ends 229 of the C-shape and the outer surface of the leg 225 and 230 and 226 and between the free ends of the legs 225 and 226 and the yoke element 224th and the armature each an air gap is formed.
- the drive 231 has a U-shaped yoke 232, at whose leg ends recesses 233 and 234 are provided; in those return jumps engages an elongated planar armature 235, whereby on the one hand between the outer peripheral surface of the armature 235 and the recess 233 and 234 and the broad side surface of the armature 235 and the gradations 236 and 237 and the yoke element 224 is formed in each case an air gap.
- Fig. 13 In the embodiment of the invention except according to Fig. 13 is the difference from that of Fig. 11 stand in that the armature 240 is U-shaped and with its legs 241 and 242, the legs 225 and 226 of the yoke 222 includes.
- the Fig. 14 shows a single-coil drive according to the invention, in which the yoke 250 is U-shaped, legs 251 and 252 of the formation of the end faces or ends of the yokes 115 and 116 of the Fig. 8 same; because the anchor has the same shape as that of the drive to Fig. 8 , has the in Fig. 14 illustrated anchor the same reference numeral 105.
- the Fig. 15 corresponds to the embodiment according to the invention according to the Fig. 7 , so that is pointed to the local description.
- the difference is that the yoke 260 formed with its legs 261 and 262 U-shaped and the free leg ends have a recess 263 and 264, in which the armature 91 in the in Fig. 7 engages in the manner illustrated.
- the embodiments of the invention except according to the FIGS. 16 to 20 which lacks a permanent magnet have substantially a three-legged, E-shaped yoke, with a coil comprising the inner leg; the here provided anchor is either U-shaped and engages in a recess on the outside; in the embodiment of the Fig. 19 engage two extensions between the outer legs in an inner recess (see Fig. 14 ), and in the execution of the Fig. 18 the anchor is an elongated flat component.
- FIG. 21 The perspective view of the invention except according to Fig. 21 comes according to the execution Fig. 9 Near; these are opposite yoke parts 121 and 122, with the coils 131 and 132 and the anchors 136 and 137; in between is, as from the Fig. 21 shown, the return element 133. Between the two anchors 136 and 137, the rod 135 is disposed of non-magnetic material.
- a two-arm and two-coil drive is shown, the execution according to Fig. 9 is equal, wherein the armature 137 according to Fig. 9 is replaced by an anchor 270, so that the air gaps 271 and 272 between the adjacent legs 273 and 274 and the anchor 270 must be given appropriate attention.
- the drive has the two E-shaped yoke parts 277 and 278; the armature 279 is T-shaped.
- the armature 279 corresponds to the armature 136th
- the embodiment according to the Fig. 24 shows the application of a drive with a coil 300 and two U-shaped yoke members 301 and 302. At the free ends of the legs 304 and 306 permanent magnets 307 and 308 are fixed and therebetween there is a return element 309, which of a rod 310 in a central bore 311 is engaged and in the region of the coil 300 is connected to a T-shaped anchor, which bears the reference numeral 136, to show that the configuration is similar to the embodiment according to Fig. 9 , with the difference that only one coil is provided.
- the rod 310 is connected via the spring element 311 with the movable contact stem 312 a vacuum interrupter chamber 313, wherein the free end of the rod 310 has an extension 314 which is trapped in a catcher 315, wherein between the extension 314 and the bottom 316, a spring 317 is arranged, which serves as a contact pressure spring.
- the vacuum chamber is constructed in a conventional manner: It has a cylindrical body 318 made of ceramic, which is closed at its two front ends in each case by a lid 319 and 320.
- the protruding into the cylinder 313 end of the contact stem 312 carries the movable contact piece 321 and between the lid 320 and the movable contact piece 323 is a Fallowsbalg 322 is arranged, which is connected on the one hand to the lid 320 and the other hand with the contact piece 321 vacuum-tight.
- the lid 319 is vacuum-tightly penetrated by a fixed contact stem 323, at the free end of the fixed contact piece 324 is attached.
- 325 denotes a current supply or discharge; that which is connected to the movable contact stem 312 is not shown; It is formed for example by a movable copper strand band.
- the rod has a plate 326 attached thereto; on this plate 326 engages one end of a compression spring 327, the other end is supported on a stationary plane. If the contact pieces 321 and 324 are to be brought into closed position, then the coil 300 is energized, so that the armature 136 is drawn into the interior of the two yoke members 301 and 302, according to arrow direction P. As a result, the spring 327 is compressed and thus stores energy , The contact pressure spring 317 is applied to the contact pieces 321 and 324 a certain contact force.
- the coil 300 When the switch is to be turned off, the coil 300 is energized in the reverse current direction. As a result, the armature is moved counter to the direction of arrow P. This is supported by the spring 327, which is an energy storage spring.
- a drive which has only one coil.
- any drive can be provided in the FIGS. 1 to 23 is shown, that is also a drive with two coils.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen elektromagnetischen Aktuator, insbesondere einen elektromagnetischen Antrieb für ein Schaltgerät, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator, in particular an electromagnetic drive for a switching device, according to the preamble of claim 1.
Derartige elektromagnetische Antriebe sind unter anderem aus der
Bei einer Ausgestaltung ist lediglich die Stange 21 vorgesehen; die Stange 22 ist für einen elektromagnetischen Antrieb für eine Vakuumkammer nicht erforderlich und könnte höchstens zur Führung des Ankers 20 dienen.In one embodiment, only the
Die Kraft, mit der der Anker 20 an den unteren oder oberen Quersteg angezogen wird, ist von der Wirkungsfläche abhängig.The force with which the
Aus der
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen elektromagnetischen Aktuator der eingangs genannten Art weiter zu verbessern.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfingdungsgemäß gelöst durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1.The object of the invention is to further improve an electromagnetic actuator of the type mentioned.
This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1.
Die Kraft, mit der der bzw. die Anker vom Joch angezogen werden, ist durch die Vergrößerung der wirksamen Fläche ebenfalls deutlich erhöht.The force with which the anchor (s) are attracted by the yoke is also significantly increased by increasing the effective area.
Wie die Anordnung zur Erhöhung der Fläche getroffen sein kann, ist den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.How the arrangement can be made to increase the area can be found in the dependent claims.
Die bisherigen Beschreibungen legen eine bistabile Ausgestaltung mit zwei Ankern, je einer auf den beiden Stirnseiten der Joche, zugrunde. In einer anderen Ausgestaltung ist es möglich, einen monostabilen Aktuator mit nur einem Anker zu bauen. Dieselbe Spule wird dann sowohl für die Einschaltung als auch - bei umgekehrter Stromrichtung - für die Ausschaltung verwendet. Der Antrieb wird über eine Feder in der Aus- Position gehalten, wenn er nicht eingeschaltet ist.The previous descriptions are based on a bistable design with two anchors, one each on the two end faces of the yokes. In another embodiment, it is possible to build a monostable actuator with only one anchor. The same coil is then used both for switching on and - in reverse current direction - for the elimination. The actuator is held in the off position by a spring when it is not turned on.
Anhand der Zeichnung, in der einige Aüsführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dargestellt sind, sollen die Erfindung sowie weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Verbesserungen der Erfindung näher erläutert und beschrieben werden.Reference to the drawing, in which some Aüsführungsbeispiele of the invention are shown, the invention and further advantageous embodiments and improvements of the invention will be explained and described in detail.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 2, 3, 5, 6 und
- unterschiedliche von der Erfindung ausgenommen Ausgestaltungen eines elektromagnetischen Antriebes,
- Fig. 4
- eine grafische Darstellung von Kraftverläufen für einen Antrieb nach dem Stand der Technik,
- Fig. 7 und 8
- Ausführungsformen der Erfindung, mit zwei Ankern,
- Fig. 10 as 13, 16 bis 20
- je einen von der Erfindung ausgenommen elektromagnetischen Antrieb mit einem Anker,
Fig 14 und15 Ausführung formen der Erfindung, mit einen Anker - Fig. 21
- einen von der Erfindung ausgenommen elektromagnetischen Antrieb gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform mit zwei Ankern als rechteckförmige Ausgestaltung der
Fig. 9 , - Fi. 22
- eine perspektivischen Darstellung einer von der Erfindung ausgenommen zylindrischen Ausgestaltung der
Fig. 9 , - Fig. 23
- eine von der Erfindung ausgenommen Ausführung eines elektromagnetischen Antriebes mit zwei Spulen und unterschiedlichen Ankern und
- Fig. 24
- die Anwendung eines von der Erfindung ausgenommen elektromagnetischen Antriebes mit einem Anker für den Antrieb einer Vakuumschaltkammer.
- Fig. 2, 3, 5, 6 and
- different from the invention except embodiments of an electromagnetic drive,
- Fig. 4
- a graph of force curves for a drive according to the prior art,
- FIGS. 7 and 8
- Embodiments of the invention, with two anchors,
- 10 as 13, 16 to 20
- depending on the invention except an electromagnetic drive with an anchor,
FIG. 14 and15 Embodiment of the invention, with an anchor - Fig. 21
- an electromagnetic drive according to a first embodiment with two anchors as a rectangular configuration of the invention
Fig. 9 . - Fi. 22
- a perspective view of a cylindrical embodiment of the invention except the
Fig. 9 . - Fig. 23
- An exception of the invention embodiment of an electromagnetic drive with two coils and different anchors and
- Fig. 24
- the application of an invention except the electromagnetic drive with an armature for driving a vacuum interrupter chamber.
Es sei nun Bezug genommen auf die
Ein von der Erfindung ausgenommen Antrieb 30 besitzt zwei langgestreckte Jochteile 31 und 32, die parallel zueinander ausgerichtet sind. Etwa in der Mitte besitzen beide Jochteile 31 und 32 Polschuhe 33 und 34, die als Vorsprünge aufeinander zuweisen; an der Innenfläche der Polschuhe 33 und 34 sind Permanentmagnete 35 und 36 befestigt. Zwischen den Permanentmagneten 35 und 36 befindet sich ein Rückschlußelement 37 aus magnetischem Material, welches ortsfest den beiden Jochteilen 31 und 32 zugeordnet ist. Das Rückschlußelement 37 besitzt eine zentrale Bohrung 38, die parallel zum Verlauf der Jochteile 31 und 32 und parallel auch zum Verlauf des Rückschlußelementes ausgerichtet ist und dort mittig im Rückschlußelement 37 sitzt. Die Bohrung 38 ist durchgriffen von einer Stange 39 aus nicht magnetischem Material, an der Anker 40 und 41 befestigt sind. Die Anker 40 und 41 überdecken die benachbarten Stirnflächen der Jochteile 31 und 32.A
Von den Stirnflächen 42 und 43 gehen Rücksprünge 44 und 45 aus, die dann stufig in die Polschuhe 33 und 34 übergehen. Die zwischen dem Rückschlußelement 37 und den Rücksprüngen 44 bzw. 45 gebildeten Räume 46 und 47 dienen zur Aufnahme je einer Spule 48 und 49.From the end faces 42 and 43 go back recesses 44 and 45, which then pass stage in the
Die
Während bei der Ausführungsform gemäß
Selbstredend könnte der Abstand zwischen dem Anker 41 und den Jochteilen 31 und 32 und dem Rückschlußelement 37 unterschiedlich zu dem Abstand des Ankers 40 von den Jochteilen 31 und 32 und dem Rückschlußelement 37, entsprechend den Erfordernissen.Of course, the distance between the
Wenn die dem Anker 41 zugeordneten Luftspalte 51, 50 und 52 in der angezogenen Stellung kleiner sind als die dem Anker 40 zugeordneten Luftspalte, dann ist die Haltekraft in dieser angezogenen Stellung größer als dann, wenn der Anker 40 angezogen hat. Eine derartige Bemessung könnte z. B. dann notwendig sein, wenn die von der Anwendung erforderte Kraft in der Ein- und der Aus- Position unterschiedlich ist.If the
Die
Die
Die strichlierte Linie L 2 zeigt den Kraft- Wegverlauf für die Ausgestaltung gemäß
Der von der Erfindung ausgenommen Antrieb 70 (
Bei der von der Erfindung ausgenommen Ausgestaltung des Antriebs 81 gemäß der
Die
Der Antrieb 90 besitzt zwei U-förmige Anker 91 und 92, die hinter einen Rücksprung 93 bzw. 94 und 95 bzw. 96 mit Armen 97, 98 bzw. 99 bzw. 100 greifen.The
Eine Variante gemaß der Erfindung der Anordnung gemäß
Die
Bei den Antrieben, die oben beschrieben sind, sind immer zwei Anker vorgesehen, mit zwei Spulen. Als eine andere Ausgestaltung können, wie im folgenden dargestellt ist, auch Antriebe mit nur einem Anker und einer Spule verwendet werden. Diese monostabile Anordnung besitzt die Vorteile von reduziertem Materialeinsatz, kleinerer Bauform und eines einfacheren Aufbaus. Demgegenüber stehen die Nachteile der erforderlichen Ausschaltfeder, der zusätzlich erforderlichen Haltekraft, um die Ausschaltfeder in der Ein-Position gespannt halten zu können, der erforderlichen Ansteuerung der Spule in beiden Stromrichtungen sowie der höheren Beanspruchung des Permanentmagnetmaterials auf Entmagnetisierung bei der Ausschaltung.The drives described above always have two armatures, with two coils. As another embodiment, as shown below, also drives with only one anchor and a coil can be used. This monostable arrangement has the advantages of reduced material usage, smaller size and simpler construction. In contrast, there are the disadvantages of the required opening spring, the additional holding force required to keep the opening spring tensioned in the on position, the required control of the coil in both directions and the higher stress of the permanent magnet material on demagnetization during the elimination.
Zu den monostabilen Antrieben von der Erfindung ausgenommen wird auf die
Das Prinzip dieses mono-stabilen Aktuators lässt sich auf alle Ausgestaltungen nach den
Die
Hierzu ist ein Anker 228 vorgesehen, der C-förmig ausgebildet ist, wobei zwischen den aufeinander zuweisenden Schenkelenden 229 der C-Form und der Außenfläche des Schenkels 225 bzw. 230 und 226 sowie zwischen den freien Enden der Schenkel 225 und 226 und dem Rückschlußelement 224 und dem Anker jeweils ein Luftspalt gebildet ist.For this purpose, an
Bei der Ausführung von der Erfindung ausgenommen gemäß
Dabei sollen gleiche Bezugsziffern darauf hindeuten, daß hier gleiche Funktionen erfüllt sind.The same reference numbers are intended to indicate that the same functions are fulfilled here.
Bei der Ausgestaltung von der Erfindung ausgenommen gemäß
Die
Die
Die Ausführungsformen von der Erfindung ausgenommen gemäß den
Die perspektivische Darstellung von der Erfindung ausgenommen gemäß
Die gleiche oder äquivalente Konstruktion von der Erfindung ausgenommen kann auch, wie aus der
Es sei nun Bezug genommen auf die
Die Ausführungsform gemäß der
Die Stange 310 ist über das Federelement 311 mit dem beweglichen Kontaktstängel 312 einer Vakuumschaltkammer 313 verbunden, wobei das freie Ende der Stange 310 eine Erweiterung 314 aufweist, die in einem Fangkorb 315 gefangen ist, wobei zwischen der Erweiterung 314 und dem Boden 316 eine Feder 317 angeordnet ist, die als Kontaktdruckfeder dient.The
Die Vakuumkammer ist in an sich bekannter Weise aufgebaut: Sie besitzt einen Zylinderkörper 318 aus Keramik, der an seinen beiden Stirnenden jeweils durch einen Dekkel 319 und 320 abgeschlossen ist. Das in den Zylinder 313 hineinragende Ende des Kontaktstengel 312 trägt das bewegliche Kontaktstück 321 und zwischen dem Deckel 320 und dem beweglichen Kontaktstück 323 ist ein Falgenbalg 322 angeordnet, der einerseits mit dem Deckel 320 und andererseits mit dem Kontaktstück 321 vakuumdicht verbunden ist. Der Deckel 319 ist von einem feststehendem Kontaktstengel 323 vakuumdicht durchgriffen, an dessen freiem Ende das feststehende Kontaktstück 324 befestigt ist. Mit 325 ist eine Stromzu- oder Abführung bezeichnet; diejenige, die mit dem beweglichen Kontaktstengel 312 verbunden ist, ist nicht dargestellt; sie ist beispielsweise durch ein bewegliches Kupferlitzenband gebildet.The vacuum chamber is constructed in a conventional manner: It has a
Zwischen dem Bereich der Jochteile 301 und 302 und dem Fangkorb 315 besitzt die Stange eine daran befestigte Platte 326; an dieser Platte 326 greift ein Ende einer Druckfeder 327 an, dessen anderes Ende auf einer ortsfesten Ebene abgestützt ist. Wenn die Kontaktstücke 321 und 324 in Einschaltstellung verbracht werden sollen, dann wird die Spule 300 erregt, so daß der Anker 136 in das Innere der beiden Jochteile 301 und 302 hineingezogen wird, gemäß Pfeilrichtung P. Dadurch wird die Feder 327 zusammengedrückt und speichert demgemäß Energie. Ober die Kontaktdruckfeder 317 wird auf die Kontaktstücke 321 und 324 eine bestimmte Kontaktkraft aufgebracht.Between the region of the
Wenn der Schalter ausgeschaltet werden soll, dann wird die Spule 300 mit umgekehrter Stromrichtung erregt. Dadurch wird der Anker entgegen der Pfeilrichtung P bewegt. Dies wird durch die Feder 327, die einen Energiespeicherfeder ist, unterstützt.When the switch is to be turned off, the
Bei der Ausführung gemäß
Claims (16)
- Bistable or monostable electromagnetic actuator (90), in particular a drive for a vacuum switching chamber,
having a yoke (31, 32),
having at least one permanent magnet (35, 36),
having at least one coil (48, 49),
having at least one moving armature (91, 92),
with the result that a first magnetic flux is generated by the armature (91, 92) and the yoke (31, 32),
with the result that the armature (91, 92) is fixed in one position,
the coil (48, 49) generating a second magnetic flux which is used to actuate the armature (91, 92),
wherein the permanent magnet (35, 36) is arranged between the yoke (31, 32) and a stationary magnetic return element (37),
with the result that the magnetic fluxes flow via the magnetic return element (37),
and that the armature (91, 92) at least partially overlaps one end face of the yoke (31, 32), this end face extending perpendicular to its movement direction, that the yoke (31, 32) has a stepped recess (93-96) in the region of its end side,
and that a first air gap (51, 52) extends parallel to the movement direction, while a second air gap (64, 65) extends perpendicular to the movement direction,
so that the air gaps lie perpendicular to one another, characterized in that
the armature (91, 92), outside of the yoke (31, 32), overlaps the end face of the yoke,
and the armature (91, 92) fits into the stepped recess (93-96). - Actuator according to Claim 1, characterized in that the yoke has two yoke bodies which have in each case one pole shoe approximately in the center, these pole shoes pointing toward one another and having in each case one permanent magnet attached to them.
- Actuator according to Claim 1, characterized in that the yoke, armature, magnet are rectangular.
- Actuator according to Claim 1, characterized in that the yoke is cylindrical-annular and has a small-diameter strip on the inside, an annular permanent magnet being attached to the inside of this strip and this strip being cylindrical in the same way as the magnetic return element.
- Actuator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the armature completely overlaps the end face of the yoke.
- Actuator according to Claim 5, characterized in that the stepped recess is arranged on the inside of the yoke.
- Actuator according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the armature surrounds the end face and part of the outside of the yoke.
- Actuator according to Claim 7, characterized in that the armature has a C-shaped cross section, the limb ends (97-100), pointing toward one another, surrounding the yoke on its outside.
- Actuator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the armature is in the form of a bowl.
- Actuator according to Claim 9, characterized in that the armature has a projection, in the form of a surrounding rib, on the inside of the bowl wall.
- Actuator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two armatures are provided, are located on mutually opposite ends of the yoke and are connected to one another by means of a rod, passing through the magnetic return element and composed of nonmagnetic material.
- Actuator (231) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that only one armature (235) and one coil (227) are provided, in that the magnet yoke (232) is O-shaped and the permanent magnet and the magnetic return element are attached to the yoke web in the center between the limbs, the permanent magnet being located between the magnetic return element and the yoke web, with the result that the actuator (231) is monostable.
- Actuator according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the yoke is E-shaped.
- Actuator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that only 1 armature is provided, in that the yoke is in the form of a cup.
- Actuator according to Claim 14, characterized in that the permanent magnet and the magnetic return element is attached to the base of the cup in the center, the permanent magnet being located between the magnetic return element and the base of the cup.
- Actuator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a projection is integrally formed on the base of the cup and supports, at its end, the permanent magnet, the projection serving at the same time as a magnetic return element.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2001146899 DE10146899A1 (en) | 2001-09-24 | 2001-09-24 | Electromagnetic actuator, in particular electromagnetic drive for a switching device |
DE10146899 | 2001-09-24 | ||
PCT/EP2002/010108 WO2003030188A1 (en) | 2001-09-24 | 2002-09-10 | Electromagnetic actuator |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1430490A1 EP1430490A1 (en) | 2004-06-23 |
EP1430490B1 true EP1430490B1 (en) | 2016-03-16 |
Family
ID=7700016
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02779327.2A Expired - Fee Related EP1430490B1 (en) | 2001-09-24 | 2002-09-10 | Electromagnetic actuator |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1430490B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1285085C (en) |
DE (1) | DE10146899A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003030188A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (31)
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FR2880466B1 (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2007-02-09 | Areva T & D Sa | BISTABLE ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR |
FR2884349B1 (en) * | 2005-04-06 | 2007-05-18 | Moving Magnet Tech Mmt | BITABLE POLARIZED ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR WITH QUICK ACTUATION |
DE112005003632B4 (en) * | 2005-07-21 | 2014-07-24 | Mitsubishi Denki K.K. | breakers |
PL1843375T3 (en) * | 2006-04-05 | 2011-12-30 | Abb Technology Ag | Electromagnetic actuator for medium voltage circuit breaker |
DE102007028600B4 (en) * | 2007-06-19 | 2011-06-22 | ETO MAGNETIC GmbH, 78333 | Electromagnetic actuator |
FR2940500B1 (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2010-12-24 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR WITH DOUBLE CONTROL CIRCUITS |
KR200451951Y1 (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2011-01-25 | 엘에스산전 주식회사 | Monostable permenent magnetic actuator using laminated steel core |
CN101620913B (en) * | 2009-06-15 | 2012-06-06 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Double electromagnet |
ES2388554T3 (en) * | 2009-10-14 | 2012-10-16 | Abb Technology Ag | Bistable magnetic actuator for a medium voltage circuit breaker |
DE202009014192U1 (en) * | 2009-10-20 | 2011-03-03 | Eto Magnetic Gmbh | Monostable electromagnetic actuator device |
FR2957713A1 (en) * | 2010-03-19 | 2011-09-23 | Adulis | ELECTROMAGNETIC LINEAR ACTUATOR |
EP2388793A1 (en) * | 2010-05-21 | 2011-11-23 | ABB Research Ltd. | Actuator, tripping device and switch |
ES2550020T3 (en) | 2010-09-27 | 2015-11-03 | Abb Technology Ag | Magnetic actuator with a non-magnetic insert |
DE202011004021U1 (en) * | 2011-03-16 | 2012-07-09 | Eto Magnetic Gmbh | Electromagnetic actuator device |
DE202011004616U1 (en) | 2011-03-30 | 2011-06-09 | Bürkert Werke GmbH, 74653 | Lifting armature drive |
DE102011081893B3 (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2012-11-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Magnetic actuator and method for its operation |
EP2864995B1 (en) | 2012-08-06 | 2016-07-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Switching device with electromagnetic latching mechanism |
EP2704173A1 (en) | 2012-08-27 | 2014-03-05 | ABB Technology AG | Electromagnetic actuator for a medium voltage vacuum circuit breaker |
FR2997546B1 (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2016-04-01 | Valeo Sys Controle Moteur Sas | LINEAR ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR |
DE102013102276B4 (en) | 2013-03-07 | 2018-07-26 | Kendrion (Villingen) Gmbh | twist protection |
CN103311052B (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2015-11-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Direct Action Type is containing the T-shaped armature structure of permanent magnetism |
DE102013105670A1 (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2014-12-04 | Bernd Hopke | Bistable electro-permanent actuator |
DE102013013585B4 (en) * | 2013-06-20 | 2020-09-17 | Rhefor Gbr | Self-holding magnet with particularly low electrical tripping power |
CN103311051B (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2015-09-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Direct Action Type is put the T-shaped armature structure of permanent magnetism |
EP3061104B1 (en) * | 2013-10-23 | 2022-05-11 | Rhefor GbR | Electromechanical actuator |
US10522313B2 (en) | 2013-10-23 | 2019-12-31 | Rhefor Gbr | Reversing linear solenoid |
EP2874169B1 (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2016-09-14 | ABB Schweiz AG | Actuator for medium voltage switchgear |
CN103928245A (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2014-07-16 | 北京博瑞莱智能科技集团有限公司 | Bi-stability permanent magnetic mechanism and application method thereof |
AT515114B1 (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2015-06-15 | Seh Ltd | Magnetic device comprising stators and translators |
US9514872B2 (en) | 2014-12-19 | 2016-12-06 | General Electric Company | Electromagnetic actuator and method of use |
DE102015225178B4 (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2022-06-02 | Festo Se & Co. Kg | lifting and/or clamping unit |
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DE3921151A1 (en) * | 1989-06-28 | 1991-01-10 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | MAGNETIC SYSTEM |
DE4024054A1 (en) * | 1990-07-28 | 1992-01-30 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | MAGNETIC SYSTEM |
GB9318876D0 (en) * | 1993-09-11 | 1993-10-27 | Mckean Brian | A bistable permanent magnet actuator for operation of circuit breakers |
DE19709089A1 (en) * | 1997-03-06 | 1998-09-10 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Permanent magnet drive for switch esp. vacuum circuit breaker |
DE29707905U1 (en) * | 1997-05-02 | 1998-08-27 | Honeywell Bv | Solenoid valve and its application for controlling the gas supply to a burner |
FR2801721B1 (en) * | 1999-11-29 | 2002-01-18 | Schneider Electric Ind Sa | DIRECT CURRENT ELECTROMAGNET FOR SWITCHING APPARATUS |
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-
2001
- 2001-09-24 DE DE2001146899 patent/DE10146899A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-09-10 CN CN 02818656 patent/CN1285085C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-09-10 WO PCT/EP2002/010108 patent/WO2003030188A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-09-10 EP EP02779327.2A patent/EP1430490B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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SE7502136L (en) * | 1975-02-26 | 1976-08-27 | Facit Ab | THE ELECTROMAGNET |
JPS59154006A (en) * | 1983-02-22 | 1984-09-03 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Polarized solenoid |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2003030188A1 (en) | 2003-04-10 |
CN1285085C (en) | 2006-11-15 |
DE10146899A1 (en) | 2003-04-10 |
EP1430490A1 (en) | 2004-06-23 |
CN1557007A (en) | 2004-12-22 |
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