EP0216943A1 - Electromagnetic actuator, in particular for driving print hammers - Google Patents

Electromagnetic actuator, in particular for driving print hammers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0216943A1
EP0216943A1 EP85109847A EP85109847A EP0216943A1 EP 0216943 A1 EP0216943 A1 EP 0216943A1 EP 85109847 A EP85109847 A EP 85109847A EP 85109847 A EP85109847 A EP 85109847A EP 0216943 A1 EP0216943 A1 EP 0216943A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
electromagnet
magnetic flux
yoke structure
pole
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85109847A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0216943B1 (en
Inventor
Armin Bohg
Ludwig Fischer
Bruno Gantz
Kurt Hartmann
Gerhard Wolfert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IBM Deutschland GmbH
International Business Machines Corp
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IBM Deutschland GmbH
International Business Machines Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IBM Deutschland GmbH, International Business Machines Corp filed Critical IBM Deutschland GmbH
Priority to EP19850109847 priority Critical patent/EP0216943B1/en
Priority to DE8585109847T priority patent/DE3574072D1/en
Priority to CA000503282A priority patent/CA1249625A/en
Priority to ES1986297044U priority patent/ES297044Y/en
Priority to JP15812786A priority patent/JPS6235857A/en
Priority to BR8603482A priority patent/BR8603482A/en
Priority to AR30481186A priority patent/AR242683A1/en
Publication of EP0216943A1 publication Critical patent/EP0216943A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0216943B1 publication Critical patent/EP0216943B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic actuating device with a swivel armature and an electromagnet, which is characterized in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the cross section of the ram is adapted to the area of the working column. It can be cylindrical or cuboid. It contains e.g. B. disc-shaped or cuboid anchor elements made of magnetizable material and spacing elements arranged between them made of predominantly non-magnetizable material.
  • the anchor elements have such a geometric design that their volume is in the order of the working gap volume. In the starting position of the ram the anchor elements are in the non-excited state of the electromagnets essentially in front of its working gaps. When the electromagnet is excited, they are drawn into this working gap and experience an acceleration.
  • Tappet drives of this type have the disadvantage that they are very sensitive to asymmetrical lateral forces.
  • the pivot armature 1 moves in the direction of arrow D when the electromagnet is excited. It performs a pivoting movement about its pivot axis 10.
  • the movement plane 1A of the swivel armature 1 is perpendicular to the magnetic flux plane 4A of the yoke structure 4 of the electromagnet 2.
  • the yoke structure seen in the magnetic flux plane 4A has an E-shaped cross section with two outer 5 and 6, a middle leg 7 and a base common to all legs 8 on.
  • the pole face 7A of the middle leg 7 encompassed by the excitation coil 3 faces the pivot armature 1.
  • the free ends of the outer legs 5 and 6 are in Angled towards each other in such a way that a magnetic working gap 9 is formed between their pole faces 5A and 6A.
  • the pole face 7A of the middle leg 7 can be outside or inside the working gap 9.
  • the swivel armature 1 When the electromagnet 2 is excited, the swivel armature 1 is drawn into the working gap 9 and is increasingly attracted to the pole face 7A of the middle leg 7.
  • the magnetic flux of the middle leg runs essentially in half over the pivot armature 1 to a respective pole face 5A, 6A of the outer legs 5 and 6.
  • the width B of the pivot armature 1 is significantly (at least twice) smaller than its length between the pivot axis 10 and the working gap 9.
  • the magnetic flux passing through the actuator is represented by a plurality of lines of magnetic flux 4B. The denser these lines run, the stronger the local magnetic flux density.
  • the yoke structure and swivel anchor are arranged essentially symmetrically to the plane of movement 1A of the swivel anchor running through the center of the middle leg 7.
  • the end of the movement of the swivel armature can be designed accordingly for switching stroke or impact processes.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exploded perspective view of the electromagnetic actuation device according to the invention for use in impact printers.
  • This unit essentially consists of 5 parts: the base part 21 made of soft magnetic material, the electromagnet to be inserted into the base part 21 coil 25, two yoke strips 23 and 24 to be fastened on the base part and the swivel armature 22 also to be connected to the base part.
  • the base part has a recess 21-1 and a middle leg 21-2 located in the recess with the pole face 21-3. The recess serves to accommodate the electromagnetic coil 25.
  • the yoke strips 23 and 24 are indicated in FIG. B. connected by screw, weld or similar connections, edge to the base part.
  • the working gap lies between their pole faces 23-1, 24-1.
  • the pivot anchor 22 itself is fixed at one end on a slope of a block 26.
  • the block 26 is arranged in the front region of the base part 21 in a recess 21-4. Both recesses 21-1 and 21-4 merge. As a result, the coil connections 40 can be led out in a simple manner.
  • the part of the swivel anchor near the fixing end is formed by a leaf spring 22-2. It enables a corresponding swiveling movement when the swivel armature is pulled into the working gap when the electromagnet is excited.
  • the pivot armature has a cutout 22-4 in order to be able to interact with a pressure tappet 29, which is only indicated by lines (to generate a tappet movement in the direction P).
  • the inner edges of the yoke strips 23 and 24 can beveled 23-2, 24-2 for reasons of a special design of the working gap.
  • Fig. 3 shows a sectional view according to the section plane A-A in Fig. 2 to show the magnetic flux profile in the magnetic yoke structure and the pivot armature.
  • the magnetic flux lines 30 are shown by thinner solid lines. The denser these lines run, the denser the magnetic flux.
  • the sectional view shows a moment in which the armature 22-3 has already been partially drawn into the working gap 27. The forces occurring in a first phase of pulling into the working gap are primarily due to the attractive forces between the side surfaces 22-4 and 22-5 of the pivot armature 22-3 and the pole surfaces 23-1 and 24-1 (between which the Working gap forms) determined.
  • This principle of an electromagnetic drive is known from the European patent application 80 103 387.9 already mentioned at the beginning.
  • the arrangement according to the invention combines the advantages of an electromagnetic actuating device according to the European patent application 80 103 387.9 and customary known pivot armature systems.
  • FIG. 3 show sectional representations in analogy to FIG. 3 with different ones Cross-sectional shapes for the swivel armature and the magnetic yoke structure.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Impact Printers (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Abstract

1. Electromagnetic actuator mechanism for switching, stroke or impact motions, comprising a clapper armature (1) and an electromagnet (2) consisting of an excitation coil (3) and a magnetizable yoke structure (4), wherein the clapper armature is attracted by the yoke structure upon excitation of the electromagnet, characterized in that the yoke structure has a substantially E-shaped cross-section with two outer legs (5, 6), one center leg (7) and a base (8) common to all legs, and said cross-section lies in the magnetic flux plane, wherein the pole face (7A) of the center leg (7), encompassed by the excitation coil (3), faces the clapper armature (1), and the free ends of the outer legs are so bent in a direction towards each other that a magnetic operating gap (9) is formed between their pole faces (5A, 6A), outside or inside of which the pole face (7A) of the center leg (7) is positioned, the motional plane (1A) of the clapper armature (1) extends perpendicularly to the plane (4A) of the magnetic flux (4B) of the yoke structure (4) of the electromagnet, upon excitation of the electromagnet (2), the clapper armature (1) is pulled inside the operating gap (9) in a known manner by the forces occurring between its pole faces (5A, 6A) and the clapper armature, and in the process, the clapper armature (1) is increasingly attracted by the pole face (7A) of the center leg (7), with substantially half of the magnetic flux of the center leg passing across the clapper armature (1) to one pole face (5A, 6A) of the operating gap (9), and the length of the clapper armature (1) between its pivotal axis (10) and the operating gap (9) is more than twice the width of the clapper armature (1) between the pole faces (5A, 6A) of the operating gap (9).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektromagnetische Betäti­gungsvorrichtung mit einem Schwenkanker und einem Elektromagneten, der im Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 gekennzeichneten Art.The invention relates to an electromagnetic actuating device with a swivel armature and an electromagnet, which is characterized in the preamble of claim 1.

Vorzugsweise eignet sich diese Betätigungsvorrichtung zum Einsatz für Anschlagdrucker. Sie vereinigt in sich die Vorteile zweier verschiedener Prinzipien von be­kannten elektromagnetischen Betätigungsvorrichtungen: dem Prinzip herkömmlicher Schwenkanker-Elektromagneten und dem Prinzip eines in der europäischen Patentanmel­dung 80 103 387.9 (GE 980 014E) beschriebenen Antriebs. Dieser Antrieb bezieht sich auf einen schnellen, elek­tromagnetisch betätigbaren Stößelantrieb, der insbeson­dere für Anschlagdrucker eingesetzt werden kann. Der Elektromagnet besteht grundsätzlich aus im wesentlichen symmetrisch aufgebauten magnetisierbaren Jochhälften mit entsprechender(n) Erregerspule(n). Die einander zugewandten Polenden der Jochhälften bilden einander fluchtende magnetische Arbeitsspalte. Zwischen den magnetischen Arbeitsspalten ist ein in Richtung der Fluchtlinie der Arbeitsspalte verschiebbarer Stößel angeordnet. Der Querschnitt des Stößels ist an die Fläche der Arbeitsspalte angepaßt. Er kann zylinder­förmig oder quaderförmig ausgebildet sein. Er enthält z. B. scheiben- bzw. quaderförmig ausgebildete Anker­elemente aus magnetisierbarem Material und zwischen diesen angeordnete Abstandselemente aus vorwiegend nichtmagnetisierbarem Material. Die Ankerelemente weisen eine derartige geometrische Ausbildung auf, daß ihr Volumen in der Größenordnung des Arbeits­spaltvolumens liegt. In der Ausgangslage des Stößels befinden sich die Ankerelemente im nichterregten Zustand der Elektromagneten im wesentlichen vor dessen Arbeitsspalten. Sie werden bei Erregung des Elektromagneten in diese Arbeitsspalte hineingezogen und erfahren dabei eine Beschleunigung.This actuating device is preferably suitable for use with impact printers. It combines the advantages of two different principles of known electromagnetic actuation devices: the principle of conventional swivel armature electromagnets and the principle of a drive described in European patent application 80 103 387.9 (GE 980 014E). This drive relates to a fast, electromagnetically actuated plunger drive, which can be used in particular for impact printers. The electromagnet basically consists of essentially symmetrically constructed magnetizable yoke halves with a corresponding excitation coil (s). The facing pole ends of the yoke halves form aligned magnetic working gaps. A plunger which is displaceable in the direction of the alignment line of the working gaps is arranged between the magnetic working gaps. The cross section of the ram is adapted to the area of the working column. It can be cylindrical or cuboid. It contains e.g. B. disc-shaped or cuboid anchor elements made of magnetizable material and spacing elements arranged between them made of predominantly non-magnetizable material. The anchor elements have such a geometric design that their volume is in the order of the working gap volume. In the starting position of the ram the anchor elements are in the non-excited state of the electromagnets essentially in front of its working gaps. When the electromagnet is excited, they are drawn into this working gap and experience an acceleration.

Stößelantriebe dieser Art weisen jedoch den Nachteil auf, daß sie sehr empfindlich gegenüber Seitenkraft­unsymmetrien sind.Tappet drives of this type, however, have the disadvantage that they are very sensitive to asymmetrical lateral forces.

Herkömmliche Schwenkanker-(Klappanker)Elektromagnet­Druckerantriebe wie sie z. B. in den weitverbreiteten Druckern der Typen IBM 1403 verwendet werden (siehe auch IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Vol. 16, No. 11, April 1974, S. 3529, Fig. 1), weisen den Nachteil auf, daß sie einen großen Platzbedarf haben und dennoch nur einen geringen elektromechanischen Wirkungsgrad von wenigen Prozent aufweisen.Conventional swivel armature (hinged armature) electromagnetic printer drives as they are e.g. B. in the widely used printers of the type IBM 1403 (see also IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Vol. 16, No. 11, April 1974, p. 3529, Fig. 1) have the disadvantage that they require a large amount of space have and yet only have a low electromechanical efficiency of a few percent.

Es ist die Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Betätigungs­vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art vorzusehen, die eine hohe Kraftwirkung bei kurzer Operationszeit und geringem Raumbedarf entfaltet.It is the object of the invention to provide an actuating device of the type mentioned at the outset which exerts a high force effect with a short operation time and a small space requirement.

Diese Aufgabe der Erfindung wird in vorteilhafter Wei­se durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruches 1 angegebenen Maßnahmen gelöst, also durch eine Kombina­tion der beiden vorgenannten Prinzipien.This object of the invention is advantageously achieved by the measures specified in the characterizing part of claim 1, that is to say by a combination of the two aforementioned principles.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the subclaims.

Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden im folgenden näher beschrieben.Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and are described in more detail below.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine schematische perspektivische Dar­stellung der erfindungsgemäßen elektro­magnetischen Betätigungsvorrichtung mit Schwenkanker und einer besonderen Joch­struktur des Elektromagneten,
  • Fig. 2 eine perspektivische Explosionszeich­nung der erfindungsgemäßen elektro­magnetischen Betätigungsvorrichtung zur Anwendung in Anschlagdruckern,
  • Fig. 3 eine Schnittdarstellung gemäß der Schnittebene A-A in Fig. 2 zur Darstel­lung des Magnetflußverlaufes in der Magnetjochstruktur und dem Schwenkanker,
  • Fign. 4A bis 4E ausschnittweise Schnittdarstellungen in Analogie zu Fig. 3 mit verschiedenen Querschnittsformen für den Schwenkanker und die Magnetjochstruktur.
Show it:
  • 1 is a schematic perspective view of the electromagnetic actuating device according to the invention with swivel armature and a special yoke structure of the electromagnet,
  • 2 is an exploded perspective view of the electromagnetic actuator according to the invention for use in impact printers,
  • 3 shows a sectional view according to the sectional plane AA in FIG. 2 to show the magnetic flux profile in the magnetic yoke structure and the swivel armature,
  • Fig. 4A to 4E are sectional views in analogy to FIG. 3 with different cross-sectional shapes for the swivel armature and the magnetic yoke structure.

Der Schwenkanker 1 bewegt sich bei Erregung des Elek­tromagnetes in Pfeilrichtung D. Er führt dabei eine Schwenkbewegung um seine Schwenkachse 10 aus. Die Bewegungsebene 1A des Schwenkankers 1 liegt senkrecht zur Magnetflußebene 4A der Jochstruktur 4 des Elektro­magneten 2. Die Jochstruktur in der Magnetflußebene 4A gesehen, weist einen E-förmig ähnlichen Querschnitt mit zwei äußeren 5 und 6, einem mittleren Schenkel 7 und einer allen Schenkeln gemeinsamen Basis 8 auf. Die Polfläche 7A des von der Erregerspule 3 umfaßten mitt­leren Schenkels 7 ist dem Schwenkanker 1 zugewandt. Die freien Enden der äußeren Schenkel 5 und 6 sind in Richtung zueinander derart abgewinkelt, daß zwischen ihren Polflächen 5A und 6A ein magnetischer Arbeits­spalt 9 gebildet wird. Die Polfläche 7A des mittleren Schenkels 7 kann außerhalb oder innerhalb des Arbeits­spaltes 9 liegen.The pivot armature 1 moves in the direction of arrow D when the electromagnet is excited. It performs a pivoting movement about its pivot axis 10. The movement plane 1A of the swivel armature 1 is perpendicular to the magnetic flux plane 4A of the yoke structure 4 of the electromagnet 2. The yoke structure seen in the magnetic flux plane 4A has an E-shaped cross section with two outer 5 and 6, a middle leg 7 and a base common to all legs 8 on. The pole face 7A of the middle leg 7 encompassed by the excitation coil 3 faces the pivot armature 1. The free ends of the outer legs 5 and 6 are in Angled towards each other in such a way that a magnetic working gap 9 is formed between their pole faces 5A and 6A. The pole face 7A of the middle leg 7 can be outside or inside the working gap 9.

Bei Erregung des Elektromagneten 2 wird der Schwenk­anker 1 in den Arbeitsspalt 9 hineingezogen und dabei in zunehmendem Maße auch von der Polfläche 7A des Mit­telschenkels 7 angezogen. Dabei verläuft der Magnetfluß des Mittelschenkels im wesentlichen hälftig über den Schwenkanker 1 zu jeweils einer Polfläche 5A, 6A der äußeren Schenkel 5 und 6. Die Breite B des Schwenk­ankers 1 ist wesentlich (mindestens zweimal) kleiner als seine Länge zwischen der Schwenkachse 10 und dem Arbeitsspalt 9. Der durch die Betätigungsvorrichtung verlaufende Magnetfluß ist durch eine Vielzahl von Magnetflußlinien 4B dargestellt. Je dichter diese Linien verlaufen, umso stärker ist die örtliche Magnet­flußdichte.When the electromagnet 2 is excited, the swivel armature 1 is drawn into the working gap 9 and is increasingly attracted to the pole face 7A of the middle leg 7. The magnetic flux of the middle leg runs essentially in half over the pivot armature 1 to a respective pole face 5A, 6A of the outer legs 5 and 6. The width B of the pivot armature 1 is significantly (at least twice) smaller than its length between the pivot axis 10 and the working gap 9. The magnetic flux passing through the actuator is represented by a plurality of lines of magnetic flux 4B. The denser these lines run, the stronger the local magnetic flux density.

Jochstruktur und Schwenkanker sind im wesentlichen symmetrisch zur durch die Mitte des Mittelschenkels 7 verlaufenden Bewegungsebene 1A des Schwenkankers ange­ordnet. Das Bewegungsende des Schwenkankers kann für Schalthub- oder Stoßvorgänge entsprechend ausgebildet sein.The yoke structure and swivel anchor are arranged essentially symmetrically to the plane of movement 1A of the swivel anchor running through the center of the middle leg 7. The end of the movement of the swivel armature can be designed accordingly for switching stroke or impact processes.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine perspektivische Explosionszeichnung der erfindungsgemäßen elektromagnetischen Betätigungs­vorrichtung zur Anwendung in Anschlagdruckern.2 shows an exploded perspective view of the electromagnetic actuation device according to the invention for use in impact printers.

Diese Einheit besteht im wesentlichen aus 5 Teilen:
dem Basisteil 21 aus weichmagnetischem Material, der in das Basisteil 21 einzusetzenden Elektromagnet­ spule 25, zwei auf dem Basisteil zu befestigenden Joch­leisten 23 und 24 und dem ebenfalls mit dem Basisteil zu verbindenden Schwenkanker 22. Das Basisteil hat ei­ne Aussparung 21-1 und einen in der Aussparung befind­lichen Mittelschenkel 21-2 mit der Polfläche 21-3. Die Aussparung dient der Aufnahme der Elektromagnetspule 25. Die Jochleisten 23 und 24 werden wie in Fig. 2 an­gedeutet, z. B. durch Schraub-, Schweiß- oder ähnliche Verbindungen, randwärts mit dem Basisteil verbunden. Zwischen ihren Polflächen 23-1, 24-1 liegt der Arbeits­spalt. Der Schwenkanker 22 selbst ist an einem Ende auf einer Schrägen eines Klotzes 26 fixiert. Der Klotz 26 ist im vorderen Bereich des Basisteiles 21 in einer Aussparung 21-4 angeordnet. Beide Aussparungen 21-1 und 21-4 gehen ineinander über. Dadurch können die Spulen­anschlüsse 40 auf einfache Weise herausgeführt werden. Der dem Fixierungsende nahe Teil des Schwenkankers wird von einer Blattfeder 22-2 gebildet. Sie ermöglicht eine entsprechende Schwenkbewegung, wenn der Schwenkanker in den Arbeitsspalt bei Erregung des Elektromagneten hineingezogen wird. An seinem freien Ende weist der Schwenkanker eine Aussparung 22-4 auf, um mit einem lediglich durch Striche angedeuteten Druckstößel 29 zusammenwirken zu können (zur Erzeugung einer Stößel­bewegung in Richtung P). Die inneren Kanten der Joch­leisten 23 und 24 können aus Gründen einer besonderen Ausbildung des Arbeitsspaltes abgeschrägt 23-2, 24-2 sein.This unit essentially consists of 5 parts:
the base part 21 made of soft magnetic material, the electromagnet to be inserted into the base part 21 coil 25, two yoke strips 23 and 24 to be fastened on the base part and the swivel armature 22 also to be connected to the base part. The base part has a recess 21-1 and a middle leg 21-2 located in the recess with the pole face 21-3. The recess serves to accommodate the electromagnetic coil 25. The yoke strips 23 and 24 are indicated in FIG. B. connected by screw, weld or similar connections, edge to the base part. The working gap lies between their pole faces 23-1, 24-1. The pivot anchor 22 itself is fixed at one end on a slope of a block 26. The block 26 is arranged in the front region of the base part 21 in a recess 21-4. Both recesses 21-1 and 21-4 merge. As a result, the coil connections 40 can be led out in a simple manner. The part of the swivel anchor near the fixing end is formed by a leaf spring 22-2. It enables a corresponding swiveling movement when the swivel armature is pulled into the working gap when the electromagnet is excited. At its free end, the pivot armature has a cutout 22-4 in order to be able to interact with a pressure tappet 29, which is only indicated by lines (to generate a tappet movement in the direction P). The inner edges of the yoke strips 23 and 24 can be beveled 23-2, 24-2 for reasons of a special design of the working gap.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine Schnittdarstellung gemäß der Schnitt­ebene A-A in Fig. 2 zur Darstellung des Magnetflußver­laufes in der Magnetjochstruktur und dem Schwenkanker.Fig. 3 shows a sectional view according to the section plane A-A in Fig. 2 to show the magnetic flux profile in the magnetic yoke structure and the pivot armature.

In dieser Fig. 3 sind die Magnetflußlinien 30 durch dünnere ausgezogene Linien dargestellt. Je dichter diese Linien verlaufen, umso dichter ist der Magnet­fluß. Die Schnittdarstellung zeigt einen Moment, in dem der Anker 22-3 bereits zum Teil in den Arbeits­spalt 27 hineingezogen wurde. Die in einer ersten Phase des Hineinziehens in den Arbeitsspalt auftreten­den Kräfte sind in erster Linie durch die anziehenden Kräfte zwischen den Seitenflächen 22-4 und 22-5 des Schwenkankers 22-3 und den Polflächen 23-1 und 24-1 (zwischen denen sich der Arbeitsspalt ausbildet) bestimmt. Dieses Prinzip eines elektromagnetischen Antriebes ist aus der eingangs bereits erwähnten europäischen Patentanmeldung 80 103 387.9 bekannt.3, the magnetic flux lines 30 are shown by thinner solid lines. The denser these lines run, the denser the magnetic flux. The sectional view shows a moment in which the armature 22-3 has already been partially drawn into the working gap 27. The forces occurring in a first phase of pulling into the working gap are primarily due to the attractive forces between the side surfaces 22-4 and 22-5 of the pivot armature 22-3 and the pole surfaces 23-1 and 24-1 (between which the Working gap forms) determined. This principle of an electromagnetic drive is known from the European patent application 80 103 387.9 already mentioned at the beginning.

Wird der Schwenkanker 22-3 weiter in den Arbeitsspalt hineingezogen, so wird er in zunehmendem Maße von der Polfläche 21-3 des Mittelschenkels 21-2 angezogen. Diese Art der Anziehung zwischen einem Schwenkanker und dem Joch eines Elektromagneten ist allgemein be­kannt (z. B. Druckhammerantriebe der bekannten Systeme IBM 1403). Bei diesen bekannten Systemen verlaufen jedoch die Ebenen des Magnetflusses anders (z. B. in der Schwenkebene) als in der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung.If the pivot armature 22-3 is drawn further into the working gap, it is increasingly attracted to the pole face 21-3 of the middle leg 21-2. This type of attraction between a swivel armature and the yoke of an electromagnet is generally known (e.g. printing hammer drives of the known IBM 1403 systems). In these known systems, however, the levels of the magnetic flux run differently (e.g. in the swivel level) than in the arrangement according to the invention.

Im übrigen entsprechen die Bezugszeichen der Fig. 3 denen der in Fig. 2 verwendeten.3 correspond to those used in FIG. 2.

Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung vereinigt die Vorteile einer elektromagnetischen Betätigungsvorrichtung nach der europäischen Patentanmeldung 80 103 387.9 und üblichen bekannten Schwenkankersystemen.The arrangement according to the invention combines the advantages of an electromagnetic actuating device according to the European patent application 80 103 387.9 and customary known pivot armature systems.

Die Fign. 4A bis 4E zeigen ausschnittsweise Schnitt­darstellungen in Analogie zu Fig. 3 mit verschiedenen Querschnittsformen für den Schwenkanker und die Magnetjochstruktur.The figures 4A to 4E show sectional representations in analogy to FIG. 3 with different ones Cross-sectional shapes for the swivel armature and the magnetic yoke structure.

Der Magnetlinienverlauf im Joch, im Arbeitsspalt und in der Jochumgebung ist durch ausgezogene Linien ge­kennzeichnet. Je dichter diese Linien verlaufen, um so größer ist die Magnetflußdichte. Durch besondere Gestaltung des Schwenkankerquerschnittes und auch durch Abschrägung von freien Jochschenkelenden können besondere Magnetflußverläufe erzielt werden, welche spezifische Vorteile aufweisen;

  • Fig. 4A Schwenkanker und Jochschenkelenden mit innen abgeschrägten Kanten
    Vorteil: geringe Seitenkräfte bei asymme­trischer Lage des Schwenkankers im Arbeitsspalt (besonders am Ende des Beschleunigungshubs);
  • Fig. 4B T-förmiger Schwenkanker und äußere Joch­schenkelenden mit innen abgeschrägten Kanten
    Vorteil: hohe Energie bei kurzem Hub;
  • Fig. 4C Schwenkanker mit rechteckförmigem Querschnitt
    Vorteil: einfache Herstellung, geringe Anker­masse;
  • Fig. 4D Schwenkanker mit -förmigem Querschnitt
    Vorteil: hohe Startbeschleunigung;
  • Fig. 4E Schwenkanker mit (umgekehrt) U-förmigem Querschnitt
    Vorteil: hohe Startbeschleunigung bei geringeren Seitenkräften als bei der Auführung gemäß Fig. 4D.
The magnetic line course in the yoke, in the working gap and in the yoke area is characterized by solid lines. The closer these lines run, the greater the magnetic flux density. By special design of the swivel armature cross section and also by beveling free yoke leg ends, special magnetic flux profiles can be achieved which have specific advantages;
  • Fig. 4A swivel anchor and yoke leg ends with bevelled edges
    Advantage: low lateral forces with asymmetrical position of the swivel anchor in the working gap (especially at the end of the acceleration stroke);
  • Fig. 4B T-shaped swivel anchor and outer yoke leg ends with chamfered edges on the inside
    Advantage: high energy with a short stroke;
  • Fig. 4C pivot anchor with a rectangular cross section
    Advantage: simple manufacture, low anchor mass;
  • Fig. 4D swivel anchor with -shaped cross-section
    Advantage: high starting acceleration;
  • Fig. 4E pivot anchor with (reversed) U-shaped cross section
    Advantage: high starting acceleration with lower lateral forces than with the performance according to FIG. 4D.

Claims (6)

1. Elektromagnetische Betätigungsvorrichtung für Schalt-, Hub- oder Stoßvorgänge mit einem Schwenkanker (1) und einem Elektromagneten (2), bestehend aus einer Erregerspule (3) und einer magnetisierbaren Jochstruktur (4), wobei der Schwenkanker bei Erregung des Elektromagneten von den Jochstruktur angezogen wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Bewegungsebene (1A) des Schwenkankers (1) senkrecht zur Ebene (4A) des Magnetflusses (4B) der Jochstruktur (4) des Elektromagneten verläuft,
daß die Jochstruktur in der Magnetflußebene (4A) gesehen einen E-förmig ähnlichen Querschnitt mit zwei äußeren (5, 6), einem mittleren Schenkel (7) und einer allen Schenkeln gemeinsamen Basis (8) aufweist, wobei die Polfläche (7A) des von der Erregerspule (3) umfaßten mittleren Schenkels (7) dem Schwenkanker (1) zugewandt ist, und die freien Enden der äußeren Schenkel in Richtung zueinander derart abgewinkelt sind,
daß zwischen ihren Polflächen (5A, 6A) ein magne­tischer Arbeitsspalt (9) gebildet wird, außerhalb oder innerhalb dessen die Polfläche (7A) des mitt­leren Schenkels (7) liegt,
daß bei Erregung des Elektromagneten (2) der Schwenkanker (1) in den Arbeitsspalt (9) in an sich bekannter Weise durch die zwischen seinen Polflächen (5A, 6A) und dem Schwenkanker auf­tretenden Kräfte hineingezogen
und daß dabei der Schwenkanker (1) in zunehmendem Maße von der Polfläche (7A) des Mittelschenkels (7) angezogen wird, wobei der Magnetfluß des Mittelschenkels im wesentlichen hälftig über den Schwenkanker (1) zu jeweils einer Polfläche (5A, 6A) des Arbeitsspaltes (9) verläuft,
und daß die Länge des Schwenkankers (1) zwischen seiner Schwenkachse (10) und dem Arbeitsspalt (9) mehr als das Doppelte der Breite des Schwenkankers (1) zwischen den Polflächen (5A, 6A) des Arbeits­spaltes (9) beträgt.1. Electromagnetic actuator for switching, lifting or shock processes with a swivel armature (1) and an electromagnet (2), consisting of an excitation coil (3) and a magnetizable yoke structure (4), the swivel armature when the electromagnet is excited by the yoke structure is attracted
characterized,
that the plane of movement (1A) of the swivel armature (1) is perpendicular to the plane (4A) of the magnetic flux (4B) of the yoke structure (4) of the electromagnet,
that the yoke structure in the magnetic flux plane (4A) has an E-shaped cross section with two outer (5, 6), a central leg (7) and a base common to all legs (8), the pole face (7A) of the the excitation coil (3) encompassing the middle leg (7) faces the pivot armature (1), and the free ends of the outer legs are angled in the direction of one another,
that a magnetic working gap (9) is formed between their pole faces (5A, 6A), outside or within which the pole face (7A) of the central leg (7) lies,
that when the electromagnet (2) is excited, the swivel armature (1) in the working gap (9) in a manner known per se by the between its Pole surfaces (5A, 6A) and the forces arising from the swivel armature are drawn in
and that the pivot armature (1) is increasingly attracted to the pole face (7A) of the middle leg (7), the magnetic flux of the middle leg essentially in half via the pivot armature (1) to a respective pole face (5A, 6A) of the working gap (9) runs,
and that the length of the pivot armature (1) between its pivot axis (10) and the working gap (9) is more than twice the width of the pivot armature (1) between the pole faces (5A, 6A) of the working gap (9). 2. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Jochstruktur (4) symmetrisch zur mittig durch den Mittelschenkel (7), verlaufenden Bewe­gungsebene (1A) des Schwenkankers (1) angeordnet ist.2. Arrangement according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the yoke structure (4) is arranged symmetrically to the movement plane (1A) of the swivel armature (1) running centrally through the center leg (7). 3. Anordnung nach Anspruch 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Breite (B) der Polfläche (7A) des Mittel­schenkels (7) im wesentlichen der Hälfte des Abstandes (C) der den Arbeitsspalt (9) bildenden Polflächen (5A, 6A) der Außenschenkel (5, 6) beträgt.3. Arrangement according to claim 2,
characterized,
that the width (B) of the pole face (7A) of the middle leg (7) is substantially half the distance (C) of the pole faces (5A, 6A) of the outer legs (5, 6) forming the working gap (9). 4. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Schwenkung des Schwenkankers (22) eine Blattfederlagerung (22-2) dient.4. Arrangement according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in
that the pivoting of the pivot armature (22) is a leaf spring bearing (22-2). 5. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Schwenkanker (22-3, 22-5, 22-6, 22-9, 22-8) in der Ebene (4A) des Magnetflusses (30) einen rechteckigen Querschnitt, einen gedachten rechteckigen Querschnitt mit abgeschrägten Kanten, einen T-förmigen, einen U-förmigen oder einen -förmigen Querschnitt aufweist.5. Arrangement according to one of claims 1-4, characterized in
that the swivel armature (22-3, 22-5, 22-6, 22-9, 22-8) in the plane (4A) of the magnetic flux (30) has a rectangular cross section, an imaginary rectangular cross section with beveled edges, a T- shaped, a U-shaped or a -shaped cross-section. 6. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 5, gekennzeichnet durch ihre Anwendung für Anschlag­drucker.6. Arrangement according to one of claims 1-5, characterized by its application for impact printers.
EP19850109847 1985-08-06 1985-08-06 Electromagnetic actuator, in particular for driving print hammers Expired EP0216943B1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19850109847 EP0216943B1 (en) 1985-08-06 1985-08-06 Electromagnetic actuator, in particular for driving print hammers
DE8585109847T DE3574072D1 (en) 1985-08-06 1985-08-06 Electromagnetic actuator, in particular for driving print hammers
CA000503282A CA1249625A (en) 1985-08-06 1986-03-04 Electromagnetic actuator mechanism in particular for print hammer drives
ES1986297044U ES297044Y (en) 1985-08-06 1986-06-17 AN ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR MECHANISM FOR THE SWITCHING OF HIT AND IMPACT MOVEMENTS
JP15812786A JPS6235857A (en) 1985-08-06 1986-07-07 Electromagnetic actuator mechanism
BR8603482A BR8603482A (en) 1985-08-06 1986-07-24 ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTIVATOR MECHANISM INTENDED IN PARTICULAR TO PRINTING HAMMER DRIVES
AR30481186A AR242683A1 (en) 1985-08-06 1986-08-06 A switch mechanism for electromagnetically operating movement and impact.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19850109847 EP0216943B1 (en) 1985-08-06 1985-08-06 Electromagnetic actuator, in particular for driving print hammers

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0216943A1 true EP0216943A1 (en) 1987-04-08
EP0216943B1 EP0216943B1 (en) 1989-11-02

Family

ID=8193667

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19850109847 Expired EP0216943B1 (en) 1985-08-06 1985-08-06 Electromagnetic actuator, in particular for driving print hammers

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0216943B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6235857A (en)
AR (1) AR242683A1 (en)
BR (1) BR8603482A (en)
CA (1) CA1249625A (en)
DE (1) DE3574072D1 (en)
ES (1) ES297044Y (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996041947A1 (en) * 1995-06-08 1996-12-27 Siemens Automotive Corporation Method of adjusting a solenoid air gap
EP0778592A3 (en) * 1995-12-07 1998-03-04 Eaton Corporation Electromagnetic actuator having a low aspect ratio stator
EP1103989A2 (en) * 1999-11-29 2001-05-30 Schneider Electric Industries SA Direct-current electromagnet for switching apparatus

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MY124946A (en) 2000-10-23 2006-07-31 Senju Metal Industry Co Automatic wave soldering apparatus and method
US8678140B2 (en) * 2005-10-11 2014-03-25 Otis Elevator Company Electromagnet and elevator door coupler
CN106763994B (en) * 2017-02-28 2022-11-25 浙江工业大学 Inclined wing torque motor with external coil

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US2348556A (en) * 1941-11-05 1944-05-09 Allen Bradley Co Magnet structure
FR1236085A (en) * 1959-06-04 1960-07-15 Method of construction of magnetic circuits
US2999193A (en) * 1958-09-24 1961-09-05 Olympia Werke Ag Actuator magnet assembly
DE1900131A1 (en) * 1968-01-02 1969-09-04 Honeywell Inc Lifting magnet arrangement
DE2433775A1 (en) * 1973-07-17 1975-05-28 Elektro App Werke Veb High power electromagnet of defined force and displacement character - uses variable pole areas for magnetic force dependent on stroke and pole area
DE2458516A1 (en) * 1974-12-11 1976-06-16 Teves Gmbh Alfred Electromagnetic actuator for hydraulic proportioning valve - has ring armature causing axially inclined flux to allow selection of characteristics
DE3024059A1 (en) * 1980-06-26 1982-01-07 Knorr-Bremse GmbH, 8000 München ELECTRO LIFT MAGNET

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JPS54130225A (en) * 1978-03-29 1979-10-09 Hitachi Ltd Printer

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2348556A (en) * 1941-11-05 1944-05-09 Allen Bradley Co Magnet structure
US2999193A (en) * 1958-09-24 1961-09-05 Olympia Werke Ag Actuator magnet assembly
FR1236085A (en) * 1959-06-04 1960-07-15 Method of construction of magnetic circuits
DE1900131A1 (en) * 1968-01-02 1969-09-04 Honeywell Inc Lifting magnet arrangement
DE2433775A1 (en) * 1973-07-17 1975-05-28 Elektro App Werke Veb High power electromagnet of defined force and displacement character - uses variable pole areas for magnetic force dependent on stroke and pole area
DE2458516A1 (en) * 1974-12-11 1976-06-16 Teves Gmbh Alfred Electromagnetic actuator for hydraulic proportioning valve - has ring armature causing axially inclined flux to allow selection of characteristics
DE3024059A1 (en) * 1980-06-26 1982-01-07 Knorr-Bremse GmbH, 8000 München ELECTRO LIFT MAGNET

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996041947A1 (en) * 1995-06-08 1996-12-27 Siemens Automotive Corporation Method of adjusting a solenoid air gap
EP0778592A3 (en) * 1995-12-07 1998-03-04 Eaton Corporation Electromagnetic actuator having a low aspect ratio stator
EP1103989A2 (en) * 1999-11-29 2001-05-30 Schneider Electric Industries SA Direct-current electromagnet for switching apparatus
FR2801721A1 (en) * 1999-11-29 2001-06-01 Schneider Electric Ind Sa DIRECT CURRENT ELECTROMAGNET FOR SWITCHING APPARATUS
EP1103989A3 (en) * 1999-11-29 2002-05-08 Schneider Electric Industries SA Direct-current electromagnet for switching apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES297044Y (en) 1988-12-01
JPH0533666B2 (en) 1993-05-20
JPS6235857A (en) 1987-02-16
EP0216943B1 (en) 1989-11-02
AR242683A1 (en) 1993-04-30
BR8603482A (en) 1987-03-04
CA1249625A (en) 1989-01-31
DE3574072D1 (en) 1989-12-07
ES297044U (en) 1988-04-16

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