EP1425477A1

EP1425477A1 - Foundation construction in buildings with load-bearing insulation

Info

Publication number: EP1425477A1
Application number: EP02774328A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Ashraf Ramtoola
Original assignee: Schulze Mathias; Loc Ltd Mauritius
Current assignee: Schulze Mathias; Loc Ltd Mauritius
Priority date: 2001-09-14
Filing date: 2002-09-09
Publication date: 2004-06-09
Also published as: DE10294267D2; DE10146062A1; WO2003025294A1; DE10146062B4

Abstract

The invention relates to a construction for foundations in buildings with load-bearing insulation with application in single- and multi-storey domestic, commercial and industrial buildings. The aim of the invention is to provide a simple, economical, construction-time-reducing, weather-resistant, fully-functional foundation construction which may be produced at any time of year and guarantees the requirements of stability, thermal-, noise-, health- and fire-insulation, the usability of the finished building and retains natural living conditions. Said aim is achieved, whereby, on producing a foundation construction for buildings with load-bearing insulation, an insulation material (8, 9, 26, 28, 30) is used which supports all the support components (11, 20, 25, 33) and part of the floor construction (10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 24, 29, 35, 36, 37), or, in the case of a complete surface embodiment, the totality thereof between the supporting components, comprising a thermally-insulating, environmentally-friendly, load-carrying, -distributing and -relieving, closed-cell, pourable, compressible or planar light material, which is directly laid in the horizontal plane on the ground in the foundation region for areas, lines and points of the construction which are useful for the insulation of buildings.

Description

Foundation building for structures with load-bearing insulation

Description Technical field

The invention relates to a structure for foundations in structures with load-bearing insulation and is used in single and multi-storey residential, corporate and industrial buildings.

State of the art The foundation, which is used to transfer the building loads to stable soil layers and to ensure an even settlement, requires detailed investigations into the building ground and the groundwater conditions already in the construction planning. In addition to the resilience of the soil types and their depth, the required ground covering of the foundation base is decisive for the type of foundation (shallow or deep foundation) and the choice of the foundation body (e.g. against frost elevations).

So far, foundation depths of the foundations of external walls and pillars or of foundations standing outdoors have been more than 800 mm, based on the later final site height. The open position of the foundations must therefore be given special attention when carrying out the construction work and requires additional effort in the cold season, especially in the case of floors that are susceptible to frost, so that at certain temperatures (below 10 ° C) even with internal walls and pillars in closed rooms Earth coverage of more than 800 mm is required. The foundation dimensioning should be matched to an even load on the subsoil, taking into account the possibility of mutual influencing of adjacent foundation bodies by the pressure distribution in the ground, so that often building-sized foundation slabs are used for load transfer to larger areas. These are compared to the strip foundations for a linear load entry and the individual foundations for a point load entry Foundation slabs, which mainly consist of concrete and are manufactured both on site (formwork, fresh concrete) and industrially manufactured prefabricated parts, are very expensive in terms of materials and labor. Combined with the expenses and services already required in the planning as well as the measures required with regard to weather, environmental and moisture protection, also in connection with the materials of the up-and-coming components, a considerable part of the costs for the entire structure is required for the foundation ,

For example, in DE-GM 298 10 406 U1 there is no use of a leveling layer on the ground, the function of which is to be taken over by a hard plastic film with embossed knobs or other embossing or embossing configurations, but not to the usual concrete base plate, although here as flameproof thermal insulation is provided. This solution also has the disadvantages mentioned above. DE-OS 198 01 123 A1 describes a foundation structure in which a horizontal insulating layer or plate is formed from base elements which consist of lightweight concrete, preferably styrofoam lightweight concrete, and between which formwork elements are made of an insulating rigid foam material, e.g. also made of foam glass, which are not removed and are therefore preserved as insulation. This solution uses a roller made of gravel or crushed stone as a leveling layer and a concrete floor slab, so that the known disadvantages such as long construction time, required frost protection during the construction phase, material costs, etc. also arise here.

The invention is based on the object while ensuring the

Requirements for stability, heat, sound, health and fire protection as well as the usability of the built structures and, while maintaining the natural basis of life, a simple, inexpensive, construction time-shortening, insensitive to weather influences, realizable in all seasons and fully functional, thermally insulated foundation construction for Creating structures. This object is achieved in that in the manufacture of a foundation structure for buildings with load-bearing insulation, an insulating material which carries all load-bearing components and parts of the, with full-surface training also the entire, arranged between the load-bearing components and from a heat-insulating, environmentally compatible , load-absorbing, -distributing and -delivering, closed-cell, pourable as well as compressible and / or plate-shaped, light material, on which in the foundation area for the insulation of buildings meaningful areas, lines and / or points of the structure are arranged horizontally directly on the ground.

Both industrially prefabricated plate-shaped components made of hard foam and / or foam glass in connection with pourable compressible materials are suitable for this purpose, as well as these alone with the required properties.

Foam glass made from recycled glass in the form of chippings or crushed stone has proven to be a particularly favorable material for the production of the foundation, which has the necessary parameters such as thermal insulation, drainage and capillary refraction, water repellency, since it is not hygroscopic, closed cell structure (to ensure thermal insulation even when moist) guarantee), environmental compatibility, frost protection, high resilience and low mass and is inexpensive to process. The usual construction measures are limited to the most necessary or are completely omitted, such as less excavation, saving water drainage, no special layered layers, no additional insulation materials. In addition, the load on most floors can be improved in this way due to the low load due to the minimized layer thickness and the low dead weight while at the same time fulfilling the required insulation values.However, with wet floors there is even an indirect improvement, since a load distribution through the enormous frictional resistance of the individual foam glass grains, which are well connected by the compression, arises. Another significant advantage of the foundation structure according to the invention is that the advantages of drywall work here, which in particular enables construction work to be carried out regardless of the season and thus also creates the conditions for continuous employment in the construction industry. An advantageous embodiment consists in anchoring the load-bearing components through the insulating material directly in the ground. This increases the stability of the aspiring components and stabilizes them against lateral forces such as wind loads (lifting forces and shear forces). To the up-and-coming, load-bearing ones that limit the building

To anchor components securely against possible shear forces, it is also advantageous to arrange a circumferential ring anchor in the lower area of these components. This ring anchor can be used for solid, reinforced concrete walls and walls made of rising masonry at threshold height and for lightweight wooden walls or the like. be provided in the area of the correspondingly designed spacers arranged between the wall and the insulation.

When using massive, large, up-and-coming components, load distribution plates can be arranged between the insulating material and load-bearing or non-load-bearing components in order to enable pressure to be distributed to the insulating material.

When using wooden components, spacers are used, e.g. L-shaped or U-shaped precast concrete elements, the surfaces of which face the outside against splashing water and which are arranged between the wooden components and the insulating material, the protection of the wooden components against splashing water and rising damp. In order to prevent the penetration of frost into the foundation structure, the insulation material is arranged with a protrusion over all outer edges of the building, which has a dimension that ensures frost protection.

The already favorable costs for the foundation structure according to the invention can be further reduced both in terms of material costs and in terms of labor if the insulating material consists of layers or areas which are compressed to different extents. Areas with up-and-coming components can be compressed to a greater extent than areas that only take up the floor structure as a surface load and in which pourable insulation material with less compression and / or slab-shaped insulation elements with less density that meet the requirements are arranged. Another way of reducing costs while ensuring the

Functionality consists in the fact that the insulating material is only arranged in areas with emerging load-bearing components and on the outer edge of the building, while the remaining areas of the foundation are made of inferior materials (e.g. gravel, grit or gravel).

The invention is described in more detail below in several exemplary embodiments which are illustrated in the drawings.

Here show:

Figure 1 - A cross section of the foundation structure with an aspiring outer wall component and an impact soundproofed floor structure.

Figure 2 - A cross section of the foundation structure with an emerging steel support and industrial floor.

Figure 3 - A cross section of the foundation structure with an aspiring outer wall component made of wood, splash-proof spacer and an impact soundproofed floor structure.

Figure 4 - A cross section of the foundation structure with an emerging particularly thermally insulated outer wall component with a wooden frame, splash-proof spacer, circumferential ring anchor and a thermally insulated floor structure. As can be seen from FIG. 1, after removal of the topsoil 1 and the soil 2 is approximately 35 cm deep, the floor plan dimensions of the building to be erected plus the protrusion 3, which provides frost protection, of at least 50 cm corresponding flat construction pit 4 with a roof planum 5 of 2% gradient on the load-bearing floor 6 and a drainage 7 running around the edge in accordance with the course of the emerging exterior wall components and their linear load transfer into the substrate, a 35 cm thick foam glass layer 8 is arranged. This layer is compressed in a ratio of 1: 1, 6. The remaining areas of the construction pit 4 are filled up to the level of the foam glass layer 8 compressed in the ratio 1: 1, 6 with a foam glass layer 9 which is compressed in the ratio 1: 1, 3. A foil cover serving as a vapor barrier 10 closes off the foam glass layers at the top. The aspiring heat-insulated outer wall component 11, which is provided with a facing layer, stands on the vapor barrier 10 Over the foam glass layer 8. To improve the stability, a mortar compensation layer 12 is arranged between the base of the outer wall component 11 and the vapor barrier 10. The floor 13, consisting of an impact sound-absorbing layer 14 made of pourable insulating material and an overlying screed compensation layer 15, is arranged between the aspiring components on the vapor barrier 10 above the foam glass layer. The foam glass layer 8 is provided with a broken edge 16 in the peripheral area in front of the outer wall components 11. In the space thus formed between the outer film cover 17 above the outer edge of the foam glass layer 8 and the facing layer of the outer wall components 11, an apron 18 made of washing gravel is arranged, which is delimited on the outer edge by lawn shelves 19.

As shown in FIG. 2, the foundation structure for a workshop also consists of an approx. 35 cm deep after removal of the topsoil 1 and the soil 2, which corresponds to the floor plan dimensions of the building to be erected plus the overhang 3, which ensures frost protection, of at least 50 cm shallow excavation pit 4 according to the course of the aspiring outer supports 20 and their punctiform load transfer into the subsurface 35 cm thick foam glass layer 8. This layer is also compressed in a ratio of 1: 1, 6. The remaining areas of the construction pit 4 are filled up to the level of the layer compressed in the ratio 1: 1, 6 with a foam glass layer 9, which is compressed in a ratio of 1: 1, 3 or 1: 1, 6 according to the respective stress. A foil cover serving as a vapor barrier 10 closes off the foam glass layers at the top. The emerging outer support 20 stands in a support foot 21, which is arranged on a steel load distribution plate 22, on the vapor barrier 10 above the foam glass layer 8. To improve the stability, there is under the load distribution plate 22 between the vapor barrier 10 and the foam glass layer 8 a mortar leveling 12 is arranged. Furthermore, the load distribution plate 22 is firmly connected to the load-bearing floor 6 by means of several ground anchors 23 to secure it against laterally acting forces such as wind loads. The industrial floor, consisting of a concrete layer 24, is arranged between the emerging supports 20 on the vapor barrier 10 above the foam glass layers. The foam glass layer 8 is in the peripheral area in front of the outer supports 20 with a broken edge 16 Mistake. In the space thus formed between the soil 2, the outer film cover 17 of the outer edge of the foam glass layer 8 and the column feet 21 or the concrete layer 24 of the industrial floor, an apron 18 made of washing gravel is arranged. When using emerging exterior wall components made of wood 25, the

Construction pit 4 as formed in the previous examples. However, in this case according to FIG. 3, a 20 cm thick, 1: 1, 6 compressed, continuous foam glass layer 26 is arranged on the roof plan 5 of the excavation pit 4, on top of which, in accordance with the course of the emerging wooden wall components 25 and their linear shape Load entry into the subsurface L-shaped prefabricated concrete parts 27, the vertical leg of which serves as a support for the wooden components, all around according to the floor plan of the building, on a mortar leveling 12 applied in the support area on this foam glass layer 26. The emerging exterior wall components made of wood 25 are anchored through the L-shaped prefabricated concrete parts 27 and the foam glass layer 26 by means of ground anchors 23 in the load-bearing floor 6. The space formed within the L-shaped prefabricated concrete parts 27 is filled up to its upper edge with a second foam glass layer 28 compressed in a ratio of 1: 1, 3. A film cover, as a vapor barrier 10, covers both the surface of this foam glass layer 28 and the upper edges of the L-shaped prefabricated concrete parts 27 lying in the same plane. Between the emerging wooden components 25 on the vapor barrier 10 above the foam glass layer 28 is the floor , consisting of an impact sound-absorbing layer 14 made of pourable insulation material and an overlying screed compensation layer 15 and on a floor covering 29 arranged thereon. In the peripheral area in front of the L-shaped prefabricated concrete parts 27 there is also an outer foam glass layer 30 compressed in a ratio of 1: 1, 3 with an outward slope and an outer film cover 17. This film cover is clamped towards the building under a profiled sheet 31 fastened to the outside of the L-shaped prefabricated concrete parts 27. In the space formed between the soil 2, the outer foil cover 17 of the outer edge of the outer foam glass layer 30 and the emerging leg of the L-shaped prefabricated concrete part 27, an apron 18 made of washing gravel is arranged. One possibility of absorbing increased shear forces in the foundation area in the case of particularly thermally insulated buildings is shown in FIG. 4. The structure of the load-absorbing, pressure-absorbing and distributing, insulating foam glass layers corresponds to the structure already described in FIG. 3. Instead of the L-shaped prefabricated concrete parts 27, however, U-shaped prefabricated concrete parts 32 corresponding to the course of the emerging heat-insulating outer wall components with wooden frames 33 and their linear load transfer into the subsurface all round in accordance with the building plan, on one in the bearing area on the compacted in a ratio of 1: 1, 6 Layer of foam glass layer 26 applied mortar leveling 12, set up. Inside the U-shaped prefabricated concrete parts 32 is there. a circumferential ring anchor 34 made of reinforced concrete is arranged. In addition, the U-shaped prefabricated concrete parts 32 are anchored through the foam glass layer 26 by means of ground anchors 23 in the load-bearing floor 6. The space formed within the U-shaped prefabricated concrete parts 32 is filled up to its upper edge with a second foam glass layer 28 compressed in a ratio of 1: 1.3. For particularly high demands on thermal insulation, insulating panels 35 with wooden frames are arranged on the foam barrier 10 forming the 1: 1, 3 compressed foam glass layer 28 and the U-shaped precast concrete elements 32, on which a floor structure made of chipboard 36 and Dry screed 37 is located. The emerging thermally insulated outer wall components with wooden frames 33 are arranged above the U-shaped prefabricated concrete parts 32 on the load-transmitting outer edges of the insulating panels 35 with wooden frames. In front of the load-bearing frame of the insulation boards 35 with wooden frames, protective panels 38 are attached to protect against splashing water. The outer film cover 17 is clamped towards the building under a profile plate 31 fastened to the supporting frame of the insulation panels 35. Here too, an apron 18 made of washing gravel is arranged in the space formed between the soil 2, the outer film cover 17, the outer edge of the outer foam glass layer 30 and the outer emerging leg of the U-shaped precast concrete part 32. Compilation of all reference symbols

- Topsoil - Soil - Overhang - Construction pit - Roof planum - Loadbearing floor - Drainage - Foam glass layer - Foam glass layer - Vapor barrier - Exterior wall component - Mortar leveling - Floor - Impact soundproofing layer - Screed leveling layer - Broken edge - Outer foil cover - Apron - Lawn board - External support - Column base - Load distribution plate - Ground anchor - Concrete layer - Exterior wall components made of wood - Continuous foam glass layer - L-shaped precast concrete elements - Foam glass layer - Floor covering - outer foam glass layer - Profile sheet - U-shaped precast concrete elements - heat-insulating outer wall components with wooden frames - ring anchors - insulation boards - chipboard - dry screed - panel

Claims

Expectations

1. Foundation structure for buildings with load-absorbing insulation, which is arranged on the bottom and pressure-resistant, characterized in that an insulating material, which includes all load-bearing components and parts of, with full surface

Training also carries the entire floor (13) arranged between the load-bearing components and that of a heat-insulating, environmentally compatible, load-absorbing, -distributing and

-Removing, closed-cell, pourable as well as compressible and / or plate-shaped, light material, to which in the foundation area for

Insulation of buildings meaningful areas, lines and / or points of the structure is arranged horizontally directly on the ground and at the same time takes over the function of the known slab, strip and / or individual foundations made of concrete.

2. Foundation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that load-bearing components are anchored to increase stability and stabilize against laterally acting forces through the insulating material directly in the ground.

3. Foundation structure according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that in the lower area of the emerging, the building outwardly limiting structural components and these anchoring against shear forces rotating ring anchor (34) is arranged.

4. Foundation structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that when using massive, large, emerging components, load distribution plates (22) are arranged between the insulating material and load-bearing or non-load-bearing components in order to enable the pressure to be distributed over the insulating material.

5. Foundation structure according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that when using wooden components spacers (27, 32), the surfaces facing the outside of which are protected against splash water, arranged between the wooden components and the insulating material to protect the wooden components from splash water and rising damp are.

6. Foundation structure according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the insulating material is arranged with a protrusion (3) over all outer edges of the building, which has a dimension ensuring frost protection.

7. Foundation structure according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the insulating material consists of layers or areas which have different densities.

8. Foundation structure according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the insulating material is arranged only in areas with emerging load-bearing components and on the outer edge of the building, while the remaining areas of the foundation are formed from inferior materials.