EP1422560A1 - Radiographischer Silberhalogenidfilm zur Mammographie mit verbesserter Verarbeitbarkeit - Google Patents

Radiographischer Silberhalogenidfilm zur Mammographie mit verbesserter Verarbeitbarkeit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1422560A1
EP1422560A1 EP03078494A EP03078494A EP1422560A1 EP 1422560 A1 EP1422560 A1 EP 1422560A1 EP 03078494 A EP03078494 A EP 03078494A EP 03078494 A EP03078494 A EP 03078494A EP 1422560 A1 EP1422560 A1 EP 1422560A1
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Prior art keywords
silver halide
film
radiographic
emulsion layer
cubic
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EP03078494A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1422560B1 (de
Inventor
Robert E. c/o EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Dickerson
Anthony C/O Eastman Kodak Company Adin
Richard E. c/o Eastman Kodak Company Beal
Anthony D. c/o Eastman Kodak Company Gingello
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Carestream Health Inc
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Priority claimed from US10/440,950 external-priority patent/US6673507B1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/16—X-ray, infrared, or ultraviolet ray processes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/0051—Tabular grain emulsions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/46—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein having more than one photosensitive layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/825—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by antireflection means or visible-light filtering means, e.g. antihalation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/035—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein characterised by the crystal form or composition, e.g. mixed grain
    • G03C2001/03517—Chloride content
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/035—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein characterised by the crystal form or composition, e.g. mixed grain
    • G03C2001/03541—Cubic grains
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/035—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein characterised by the crystal form or composition, e.g. mixed grain
    • G03C2001/03594—Size of the grains
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C7/00—Multicolour photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents; Photosensitive materials for multicolour processes
    • G03C7/30—Colour processes using colour-coupling substances; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials
    • G03C7/3022—Materials with specific emulsion characteristics, e.g. thickness of the layers, silver content, shape of AgX grains
    • G03C2007/3025—Silver content
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C2200/00—Details
    • G03C2200/27—Gelatine content
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C2200/00—Details
    • G03C2200/52—Rapid processing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/16—X-ray, infrared, or ultraviolet ray processes
    • G03C5/17—X-ray, infrared, or ultraviolet ray processes using screens to intensify X-ray images
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor

Definitions

  • This invention is directed to radiography.
  • it is directed to a radiographic silver halide film that provides improved medical diagnostic images of soft tissues such as in mammography and exhibits improved processing characteristics.
  • the object is to obtain an image of a patient's internal anatomy with as little X-radiation exposure as possible.
  • the fastest imaging speeds are realized by mounting a dual-coated radiographic element between a pair of fluorescent intensifying screens for imagewise exposure. 5% or less of the exposing X-radiation passing through the patient is adsorbed directly by the latent image forming silver halide emulsion layers within the dual-coated radiographic element. Most of the X-radiation that participates in image formation is absorbed by phosphor particles within the fluorescent screens. This stimulates light emission that is more readily absorbed by the silver halide emulsion layers of the radiographic element.
  • Mammography film generally contains a single silver halide emulsion layer and is exposed by a single intensifying screen, usually interposed between the film and the source of X-radiation.
  • Mammography utilizes low energy X-radiation, that is radiation that is predominantly of an energy level less than 40 keV.
  • U.S. Patent 6,033,840 (Dickerson) and U.S. Patent 6,037,112 (Dickerson) describe asymmetric imaging elements and processing methods for imaging soft tissue.
  • mammography In mammography, as in many forms of soft tissue radiography, pathological features sought to be identified are often quite small and not much different in density than surrounding healthy tissue. Thus, mammography is a very difficult task in medical radiography. In addition, microcalcifications must be seen when they are as small as possible to improve detection and treatment of breast cancers. As a result, mammographic films often include relatively high amounts of silver and gelatin to maximize image sharpness when used with a single intensifying screen. The higher amounts of silver and gel may mean that the films are more difficult to process or require longer processing times.
  • This invention provides a solution to the noted problems with a radiographic silver halide film comprising a support having first and second major surfaces and that is capable of transmitting X-radiation, the radiographic silver halide film having disposed on the first major support surface, one or more hydrophilic colloid layers including at least one cubic silver halide grain emulsion layer, and on the second major support surface, one or more hydrophilic colloid layers including at least one silver halide emulsion layer, the film characterized wherein the cubic silver halide grain emulsion layer comprises cubic silver halide grains comprising from 1 to 20 mol % chloride and from 0.25 to 1.5 mol % iodide, both based on total silver in the emulsion layer, which cubic silver halide grains have an average ECD of from 0.65 to 0.8 ⁇ m.
  • this invention provides a method of providing a black-and-white image comprising exposing a radiographic silver halide film of this invention and processing it, sequentially, with a black-and-white developing composition and a fixing composition, the processing being carried out within 90 seconds, dry-to-dry.
  • This invention also provides a radiographic imaging assembly comprising a radiographic silver halide film of this invention that is arranged in association with a fluorescent intensifying screen.
  • the present invention provides a means for providing radiographic images for mammography with a radiographic film that is readily processed using the conventional processing solutions known in the art.
  • all other desirable sensitometric properties are maintained or improved (such as photographic speed). If desired, the amount of silver used in the films can be reduced without a significant loss in photographic speed.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional illustration of a radiographic silver halide film of this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional illustration of a radiographic imaging assembly of this invention comprising a radiographic silver halide film of this invention arranged in association with a single fluorescent intensifying screen in a cassette holder.
  • contrast indicates the average contrast derived from a characteristic curve of a radiographic film using as a first reference point (1) a density (D 1 ) of 0.25 above minimum density and as a second reference point (2) a density (D 2 ) of 2.0 above minimum density, where contrast is ⁇ D (i.e. 1.75) ⁇ ⁇ log 10 E (log 10 E 2 - log 10 E 1 ), E 1 and E 2 being the exposure levels at the reference points (1) and (2).
  • dual-coated is used to define a radiographic film having silver halide emulsion layers disposed on both the front- and backsides of the support.
  • the radiographic silver halide films of the present invention are “dual-coated.”
  • fluorescent intensifying screen refers to a screen that absorbs X-radiation and emits light.
  • a “prompt” emitting fluorescent intensifying screen will emit light immediately upon exposure to radiation while “storage” fluorescent screen can "store” the exposing X-radiation for emission at a later time when the screen is irradiated with other radiation (usually visible light).
  • the radiographic silver halide films of this invention include a flexible support having disposed on both sides thereof, one or more photographic silver halide emulsion layers and optionally one or more non-radiation sensitive hydrophilic layer(s).
  • the silver halide emulsions in the various layers can be the same or different and can comprise mixtures of various silver halide emulsions within the requirements of this invention.
  • the photographic silver halide film has at least one different silver halide emulsion on each side of the support. It is also preferred that the film has a protective overcoat (described below) over the silver halide emulsions on each side of the support.
  • the support is preferably a transparent film support.
  • the transparent film support consists of a transparent film chosen to allow direct adhesion of the hydrophilic silver halide emulsion layers or other hydrophilic layers.
  • Polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate are the preferred transparent film support materials.
  • the "frontside" of the support comprises one or more silver halide emulsion layers, one of which contains predominantly cubic grains (that is, more than 50 weight % of all grains).
  • These cubic silver halide grains particularly include predominantly (at least 69 mol %) bromide, and preferably up to 89.75 mol % bromide, based on total silver in the emulsion layer.
  • these cubic grains must have from 1 to 20 mol % chloride (preferably from 10 to 20 mol % chloride) and from 0.25 to 1.5 mol % iodide (preferably from 0.5 to 1 mol % iodide), based on total silver in the emulsion layer.
  • the cubic silver halide grains in each silver halide emulsion unit (or silver halide emulsion layers) can be the same or different.
  • the amount of chloride in the cubic silver halide grains is critical to provide desired processability and image tone while the amount of iodide is critical to provide desired photographic speed. Too much chloride results in poor absorption of spectral sensitizing dyes to the grains.
  • COV coefficient of variation
  • the average silver halide grain size can vary within each emulsion layer within the film.
  • the cubic grain ECD in the radiographic silver halide film is independently and generally from 0.65 to 0.8 ⁇ m (preferably from 0.7 to 0.75 ⁇ m).
  • the backside (“second major support surface") of the support includes one or more silver halide emulsions, preferably at least one of which comprises predominantly tabular silver halide grains.
  • at least 50% (and preferably at least 80%) of the silver halide grain projected area in this silver halide emulsion layer is provided by tabular grains having an average aspect ratio greater than 5, and more preferably greater than 10.
  • the remainder of the silver halide projected area is provided by silver halide grains having one or more non-tabular morphologies.
  • the tabular grains are predominantly (at least 90 mol %) bromide based on the total silver in the emulsion layer and includes up to 1 mol % iodide.
  • the tabular grains are pure silver bromide.
  • the backside of the radiographic silver halide film also preferably includes an antihalation layer disposed over the silver halide emulsion layer(s).
  • This layer comprises one or more antihalation dyes or pigments dispersed on a suitable hydrophilic binder (described below).
  • antihalation dyes or pigments are chosen to absorb whatever radiation the film is likely to be exposed to from a fluorescent intensifying screen.
  • pigments and dyes that can be used as antihalation pigments or dyes include various watersoluble, liquid crystalline, or particulate magenta or yellow filter dyes or pigments including those described for example in U.S. Patent 4,803,150 on et al.), U.S.
  • Patent 5,213,956 Diehl et al.
  • U.S. Patent 5,399,690 Diehl et al.
  • U.S. Patent 5,922,523 Helber et al.
  • U.S. Patent 6,214,499 Helber et al.
  • Japanese Kokai 2-123349 One useful class of particulate antihalation dyes includes nonionic polymethine dyes such as merocyanine, oxonol, hemioxonol, styryl, and arylidene dyes as described in U.S. Patent 4,803,150 (noted above) that is incorporated herein for the definitions of those dyes.
  • the magenta merocyanine and oxonol dyes are preferred and the oxonol dyes are most preferred.
  • the amounts of such dyes or pigments in the antihalation layer are generally from 1 to 3 mg/dm 2 .
  • a particularly useful antihalation dye is the magenta filter dye M-1 identified as follows:
  • the silver halide emulsion layers and other hydrophilic layers on both sides of the support of the radiographic films of this invention generally contain conventional polymer vehicles (peptizers and binders) that include both synthetically prepared and naturally occurring colloids or polymers.
  • the most preferred polymer vehicles include gelatin or gelatin derivatives alone or in combination with other vehicles.
  • the silver halide emulsion layers (and other hydrophilic layers) in the radiographic films are generally hardened to various degrees using one or more conventional hardeners.
  • the levels of silver and polymer vehicle in the radiographic silver halide film of the present invention are not critical.
  • the total amount of silver on each side of the film is at least 10 and no more than 55 mg/dm 2 in one or more emulsion layers.
  • the total coverage of polymer vehicle on each side of the film is generally at least 35 and no more than 45 mg/dm 2 in all of the hydrophilic layers on that side.
  • the amounts of silver and polymer vehicle on the two sides of the support in the radiographic silver halide film can be the same or different. These amounts refer to dry weights.
  • the radiographic silver halide films of this invention generally include a surface protective overcoat disposed on each side of the support that typically provides physical protection of the emulsion layers.
  • Each protective overcoat can be sub-divided into two or more individual layers.
  • the various coated layers of radiographic silver halide films of this invention can also contain tinting dyes to modify the image tone to transmitted or reflected light. These dyes are not decolorized during processing and may be homogeneously or heterogeneously dispersed in the various layers. Preferably, such non-bleachable tinting dyes are in a silver halide emulsion layer.
  • Preferred embodiments of this invention include radiographic silver halide films comprising a support having first and second major surfaces and that is capable of transmitting X-radiation, the radiographic silver halide films having disposed on the first major support surface, one or more hydrophilic colloid layers including at least one cubic silver halide grain emulsion layer, and on the second major support surface, one or more hydrophilic colloid layers including at least one silver halide emulsion layer comprising predominantly tabular silver halide grains, and an antihalation layer, wherein the silver halide cubic grain emulsion layer comprises predominantly cubic silver halide grains comprising from 10 to 20 mol % chloride and from 0.5 to 1.5 mol % iodide, both based on total silver in the emulsion layer, which cubic grains have an average ECD of from 0.7 to 0.75 ⁇ m, and a protective overcoat disposed over the silver halide emulsion layers on both sides of the support.
  • the radiographic imaging assemblies of the present invention are composed of one radiographic silver halide film of this invention and a fluorescent intensifying screen.
  • a single fluorescent intensifying screen is used on the "frontside" for mammography.
  • Fluorescent intensifying screens are typically designed to absorb X-rays and to emit electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength greater than 300 nm. These screens can take any convenient form providing they meet all of the usual requirements for use in radiographic imaging.
  • FIG. 1 An embodiment of the radiographic film of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • On the frontside of support 10 are disposed overcoat 20 , and emulsion layer 30 .
  • On the backside of support 10 are disposed emulsion layer 50 , antihalation layer 60 , and overcoat 70 .
  • FIG. 2 shows the radiographic film of FIG. 1 that is arranged in association with fluorescent intensifying screen 80 on the frontside, and both in cassette holder 90 .
  • Exposure and processing of the radiographic silver halide films of this invention can be undertaken in any convenient conventional manner.
  • the exposure and processing techniques of U.S. Patent 5,021,327 and U.S. Patent 5,576,156 are typical for processing radiographic films.
  • Other processing compositions are described in U.S. Patent 5,738,979 (Fitterman et al.), U.S. Patent 5,866,309 (Fitterman et al.), U.S. Patent 5,871,890 (Fitterman et al.), U.S. Patent 5,935,770 (Fitterman et al.), U.S. Patent 5,942,378 (Fitterman et al.).
  • the processing compositions can be supplied as single- or multi-part formulations, and in concentrated form or as more diluted working strength solutions.
  • Exposing X-radiation is generally directed through a single fluorescent intensifying screen before it passes through the radiographic silver halide film for imaging of soft tissue such as breast tissue.
  • the radiographic silver halide films of this invention be processed within 90 seconds ("dry-to-dry") and preferably within 60 seconds and at least 20 seconds, for the developing, fixing and any washing (or rinsing) steps.
  • processing can be carried out in any suitable processing equipment including but not limited to, a Kodak X-OMATTM RA 480 processor that can utilize Kodak Rapid Access processing chemistry.
  • Kodak X-OMATTM RA 480 processor that can utilize Kodak Rapid Access processing chemistry.
  • Other "rapid access processors" are described for example in U.S. Patent 3,545,971 (Barnes et al.) and EP 0 248,390A1 (Akio et al.).
  • the black-and-white developing compositions used during processing are free of any photographic film hardeners, such as glutaraldehyde.
  • Radiographic kits can include a radiographic silver halide film or imaging assembly of this invention, one or more additional fluorescent intensifying screens and/or metal screens, and/or one or more suitable processing compositions (for example black-and-white developing and fixing compositions).
  • Radiographic Film A was a dual-coated radiographic film with 2/3 of the silver and gelatin coated on one side of the 170 ⁇ m blue-tinted poly(ethylene terephthalate) support and the remainder coated on the opposite side of the support.
  • the frontside had a cubic grain emulsion chemically sensitized with sulfur and gold and spectrally sensitized with Dye A-1 noted below.
  • On the backside was an antihalation layer containing solid particle dyes to provide improved sharpness over a green-sensitized high aspect ratio tabular grain emulsion (Emulsion Layer 2). At least 50% of the total grain projected area was accounted for by tabular grains having a thickness of less than 0.3 ⁇ m and having an average aspect ratio greater than 8:1.
  • the emulsion was monodisperse in distribution and was spectrally sensitized with 400 mg/Ag mole of anhydro-5,5-dichloro-9-ethyl-3,3'-bis(3-sulfopropyl)oxacarbocyanine hydroxide, followed by potassium iodide (300 mg/Ag mole).
  • Film A had the following layer arrangement and formulations on the film support:
  • Radiographic Film B (Invention)
  • Emulsion Layer 2 contained a AgICIBr (0.5:15:84.5 halide mole ratio) cubic grain emulsion (0.71 ⁇ m average ECD) that was chemically sensitized with sulfur and gold and spectrally sensitized with a 340 mg/mole of Ag of Dye A-1 noted above, and Emulsion Layer 2 had the following formulation: Emulsion Layer 2 Formulation Coverage (mg/dm 2 ) Tabular grain emulsion [AgBr 2.0 x 0.10 ⁇ m average size] 16.1 Gelatin vehicle 10.8 4-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1,3,3a,7-tetraazaindene 2.1 g/Ag mole 1-(3-Acetamidophenyl)-5-mercaptotetrazole 0.013 Maleic acid hydrazide 0.0032 Catechol disulfonate 0.2 Glycerin 0.11 Potassium bromide 0.06 Resorcinol 1.0 Bisvinylsulfon
  • Film C was like Film A except that Emulsion Layer 1 contained AgIClBr (0.5:25:74.5 halide mole ratio) cubic grain emulsion that was chemically sensitized with sulfur and gold and spectrally sensitized with a 285 mg/mole of Ag of Dye A-1 noted above.
  • AgIClBr 0.5:25:74.5 halide mole ratio
  • Samples of the films were exposed through a graduated density step tablet to a MacBeth sensitometer for 0.5 second to a 500-watt General Electric DMX projector lamp that was calibrated to 2650°K filtered with a Coming C4010 filter to simulate a green-emitting X-ray screen exposure.
  • the film samples were processed using a processor commercially available under the trademark KODAK RP X-OMAT® film Processor M6A-N, M6B, or M35A.
  • the film samples were processed in each instance for less than 90 seconds. Fixing was carried out using KODAK RP X-OMAT® LO Fixer and Replenisher fixing composition (Eastman Kodak Company).
  • Optical densities are expressed below in terms of diffuse density as measured by a conventional X-rite Model 310TM densitometer that was calibrated to ANSI standard PH 2.19 and was traceable to a National Bureau of Standards calibration step tablet.
  • the characteristic D vs. Log E curve was plotted for each radiographic film that was imaged and processed. Speed was measured at a density of 1.4 + D min .
  • Gamma (contrast) is the slope (derivative) of the noted D vs. Log E curves.
  • Residual dye stain (“Dye Stain”) was measured using spectrophotometric methods and calculated as the difference between density at 505 nm that corresponds to the dye absorption peak, and the density at 700 nm. This measurement corrects for differences in film fog. Measurements were done on film samples that have been processed without exposure and are nominally clear of developed silver except for fog silver. Processing was carried out in an RP X-OMAT Processor Model 480RA using KODAK RA30 Developer and KODAK LO Fixer.
  • Control Film A had the lowest photographic speed and contrast and the highest dye stain.
  • Film Average Cubic Grain ECD ( ⁇ m) Grain Halide(s) (mol %) Relative Speed Contrast Dye Stain A (Control) 0.73 Br (100) 408 3.5 0.06 B (Invention) 0.73 IClBr (0.5:15:84.5) 420 4.3 0.04 C (Control) 0.71 IClBr (0.5:25:74.5) 416 4.0 0.03

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
  • Conversion Of X-Rays Into Visible Images (AREA)
EP03078494A 2002-11-19 2003-11-06 Radiographischer Silberhalogenidfilm zur Mammographie mit verbesserter Verarbeitbarkeit Expired - Fee Related EP1422560B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US299237 1981-09-03
US29923702A 2002-11-19 2002-11-19
US440950 2003-05-19
US10/440,950 US6673507B1 (en) 2002-11-19 2003-05-19 Radiographic film for mammography with improved processability

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EP1422560A1 true EP1422560A1 (de) 2004-05-26
EP1422560B1 EP1422560B1 (de) 2006-05-10

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5455139A (en) * 1990-01-23 1995-10-03 Konica Corporation Light-sensitive silver halide photographic material having high sensitivity and high sharpness
US5491058A (en) * 1994-08-09 1996-02-13 Eastman Kodak Company Film for duplicating silver images in radiographic films
EP1217433A2 (de) * 2000-12-06 2002-06-26 Eastman Kodak Company Portal-Imaging-Film für die onkologische Strahlenbehandlung und Verfahren zu dessen Verwendung

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5455139A (en) * 1990-01-23 1995-10-03 Konica Corporation Light-sensitive silver halide photographic material having high sensitivity and high sharpness
US5491058A (en) * 1994-08-09 1996-02-13 Eastman Kodak Company Film for duplicating silver images in radiographic films
EP1217433A2 (de) * 2000-12-06 2002-06-26 Eastman Kodak Company Portal-Imaging-Film für die onkologische Strahlenbehandlung und Verfahren zu dessen Verwendung

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JP2004170990A (ja) 2004-06-17
DE60305128D1 (de) 2006-06-14
DE60305128T2 (de) 2006-12-14
JP4246605B2 (ja) 2009-04-02

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