EP1422325B1 - Métier à filer à bout libre comprenant un rotor de filature et procédé de filage - Google Patents

Métier à filer à bout libre comprenant un rotor de filature et procédé de filage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1422325B1
EP1422325B1 EP03026400A EP03026400A EP1422325B1 EP 1422325 B1 EP1422325 B1 EP 1422325B1 EP 03026400 A EP03026400 A EP 03026400A EP 03026400 A EP03026400 A EP 03026400A EP 1422325 B1 EP1422325 B1 EP 1422325B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
spinning
yarn
insert
open
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03026400A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1422325A2 (fr
EP1422325A3 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Weide
Lothar Winzen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Oerlikon Textile GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Oerlikon Textile GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oerlikon Textile GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Oerlikon Textile GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1422325A2 publication Critical patent/EP1422325A2/fr
Publication of EP1422325A3 publication Critical patent/EP1422325A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1422325B1 publication Critical patent/EP1422325B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
    • D01H4/00—Open-end spinning machines or arrangements for imparting twist to independently moving fibres separated from slivers; Piecing arrangements therefor; Covering endless core threads with fibres by open-end spinning techniques
    • D01H4/40—Removing running yarn from the yarn forming region, e.g. using tubes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
    • D01H4/00—Open-end spinning machines or arrangements for imparting twist to independently moving fibres separated from slivers; Piecing arrangements therefor; Covering endless core threads with fibres by open-end spinning techniques
    • D01H4/04—Open-end spinning machines or arrangements for imparting twist to independently moving fibres separated from slivers; Piecing arrangements therefor; Covering endless core threads with fibres by open-end spinning techniques imparting twist by contact of fibres with a running surface
    • D01H4/08—Rotor spinning, i.e. the running surface being provided by a rotor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an open-end spinning device with a spinning rotor rotating in a rotor housing according to the preamble of claim 1, a spinning rotor according to the preamble of claim 12 and a method for yarn production according to the preamble of claim 13.
  • a spinning insert rotatably mounted within the spinning rotor of an open-end spinning device Trained as a hollow shaft rotor shaft of the spinning rotor runs on a support disk bearing.
  • the drive and bearing shaft of the designated as a spinning insert rotor insert is mounted in the hollow shaft by means of rolling bearings.
  • the spinning rotor and the spinning insert are driven by a common tangential belt and rotate in the same direction.
  • the drive whorls of the two shafts are dimensioned differently.
  • the DE-OS 25 52 955 should disadvantages in the nature of the rotor-spun yarn, such as reduced yarn strength, with which the thread spinning process is subject to the ring spinning process, can be resolved.
  • open-rotor spinning devices of this type have not proven successful in practice.
  • the DE 44 11 342 A1 also describes an open-end rotor spinning device with a spinning insert rotatably mounted in the spinning rotor.
  • the spinning insert is temporarily fixed to the spinning rotor via a coupling device.
  • the spinning insert is taken only by the thread. This is possible because the thread can pull the spinning insert in the direction of rotation by advancing the binding zone.
  • the coupling device it is possible to accelerate the spinning insert to rotor speed in the acceleration phase of the spinning device by this is taken over the coupling device from the spinning rotor.
  • an overload of the thread during piecing which possibly leads to a yarn break or failure of the piecemeal, can be avoided.
  • the DE 44 11 342 A1 states that so-called abdominal ligaments result from constantly newly fed fibers. These abdominal bandages should be reliably avoided by the thread by means of a guide channel in the spinning insert is relatively well protected from emerging from the Faserleitkanal fibers. It goes the DE 44 11 342 A1 but from inaccurate foundations. It was not recognized that the formation of the abdominal ligaments does not take place in the area between the rotor groove and the draw-off nozzle, but during the binding process of the yarn in the binding zone, as is the case for example in US Pat DE 199 63 087 A1 is explained in detail. Therefore, the undesirable formation of abdominal ligaments with the device of DE 44 11 342 A1 not or insufficiently prevent.
  • the DE 195 28 727 A1 shows an open-end rotor spinning machine with an outer rotor in which a designated as an inner rotor rotor insert is arranged, which is independent of the outer rotor is driven. Both the outer rotor and the inner rotor are each rotated by separate tangential belts in rotation. The rotational speed of the inner rotor is always slightly larger than the peripheral speed of the outer rotor in spinning operation and piecing. About a trigger channel, the fibers are withdrawn from the designated as collecting groove rotor groove and thereby formed into a thread.
  • the inner rotor is in the DE 195 28 727 A1 also called stretch rotor, since it should be possible to achieve a certain stretching of the yarn.
  • the thread passes through a yarn guide channel designated here as a yarn channel in the inner rotor and is thereby guided by surfaces curved in the yarn channel in the direction of rotation of the rotors.
  • the yarn channel is formed so that it is prevented that fibers from the rotor groove can enter from the rear side in the direction of rotation.
  • the thread formation should take place so that no undesirable abdominal bandages, referred to as rewinding fibers, which are in the DE 195 28 727 A1 Cord winding fibers are called occur. This is to contribute in particular to the fact that no fibers can pass from the rearward in the direction of rotation of the yarn channel in the withdrawn from the rotor groove fiber bundles.
  • Umwickelfasern can be with the device according to the DE 195 28 727 A1 for the same reasons as the DE 44 11 342 A1 do not prevent.
  • a so-called leading binding zone with the in the DE 195 28 727 A1 described open-end rotor spinning machine operates, there is a direction of curvature of the thread end in the rotor rotation direction.
  • the generic DE 199 63 087 A1 on the other hand describes a method for open-end rotor spinning, in which the curvature of the thread end is aligned against the rotor rotation direction.
  • individual fibers which reach the yarn end in the binding zone are immediately attached or integrated in the normal direction of rotation of the yarn and thus do not cause a disturbance in the yarn production with resulting quality deficiency.
  • the binding zone thus hurries with by the thread withdrawal speed lesser circulation speed. By this lagging of the binding zone, the fibers are removed under a larger tensile stress from the rotor groove. This results in an additional stretching, which leads to an improved orientation of the fibers and allows a higher utilization of the fiber substance resistance.
  • the yarn produced in this way has in contrast to a Yarn, which was produced with leading binding zone, a pronounced yarn core of stretched fibers.
  • the present invention seeks to improve the known open-end rotor spinning devices.
  • An open-end spinning device designed according to the invention leads to a significant improvement in the stability of the spinning process with a lagging binding zone, in particular in the piecing phase. An adverse change from a spinning process with lagging binding zone in a spinning process with leading binding zone during the ongoing spinning process can thus be avoided.
  • the drive according to the invention of the rotor insert ensures that its thread guide clamps the yarn leg between the drawing nozzle and the rotor groove such that tilting of the orientation of the yarn leg between lagging and leading can not be effected even by the air flow directed opposite the rotation of the yarn leg.
  • the delay of the rotor insert with respect to its synchronous to the spinning rotor drive during normal spinning operation by cooperating with the thread guide yarn legs represents a particularly simple setting of the appropriate speed of the rotor insert.
  • Coupling the rotor insert contactlessly with the spinning rotor and effecting a rotational movement in the same direction, preferably by means of the magnetic action of permanent magnets, represents a particularly simple and functionally reliable design of the device according to the invention.
  • hysteresis is effective in the ferromagnetic material of the rotor, i. the clutch is essentially on the eddy current principle to the effect.
  • a magnetically initiated higher bearing friction can be achieved, which additionally or solely ensures the appropriate entrainment of the rotor insert.
  • the speed of the rotor insert can be equalized during piecing to the speed of the spinning rotor.
  • the permanent magnets can be permanently fixed to the rotor insert.
  • a trained according to claim 5 thread guide improves the stability of the spinning process.
  • a design of the rotor insert according to claim 6 results in a simple way to an extension of the thread guide channel, with an additional stabilization of Garn Struktursreaes during operation, since the thread is largely covered to the rotor groove in the direction of rotation and protected from air currents.
  • edge of the recess of the rotor insert according to claim 7 formed as a slope, this acts due to the rotation of the rotor insert any unwanted deposits in the recess, for example of short fibers, contrary. Such deposited short fibers could disperse as accumulation and then lead to yarn defects or disruptions in the spinning process.
  • An open-end spinning device in which the thread guide of the rotor insert according to the claims 9 to 11 is formed, can be produced particularly easily and inexpensively.
  • the yarn leg can be detected faster and safer so that forms a trailing binding zone.
  • By appropriate axisymmetric arrangement of the driver balancing of the rotor insert can be omitted entirely or largely.
  • the position of the permanent magnets in each case in the driver and thus as far away from the axis of rotation causes the forces acting on a large lever arm, whereby the contactless transmission of rotational movement from the spinning rotor is improved on the rotor insert, especially during piecing.
  • the invention alternatively also includes separate drives of the spinning rotor and the rotor insert, which are synchronized so that a suitable relation of the rotational movements of the spinning rotor and the rotor insert results.
  • the open-end spinning device ensures a very good stability of the spinning process already from the piecing phase on, as it has not yet been achieved in rotor spinning with lagging binding zone.
  • the effort required for this can be kept low. It is easy to set a spinning process with lagging binding zone, which is extremely stable from the beginning.
  • the open-end spinning device 1 of FIG. 1 comprises a spinning rotor 2.
  • the spinning rotor 2 has a rotor cup 3 and a rotor shaft 4.
  • the rotor shaft 4 is received in a support disk bearing 5 and fixed in the axial direction by a thrust bearing 6.
  • the spinning rotor 2 is driven by means of an endless flat belt 7.
  • the rotor housing 9 forms a vacuum chamber 8, in which the rotor cup 3 rotates.
  • the vacuum chamber 8 is connected via a line 10 with a vacuum source 11 and hermetically sealed during the spinning operation by a channel plate 12 by means of a ring seal 13.
  • the channel plate 12 has a channel plate extension 14 in which a thread withdrawal nozzle 15 and a thread withdrawal tube 16 are supported.
  • a rotor insert 18 is rotatably mounted on the rotor shaft 4.
  • the rotor insert 18 has on its front side a recess 19 into which the yarn withdrawal nozzle 15 protrudes. Starting from the recess 19, extends in the radial direction, a yarn guide channel 20 to the outer edge of the rotor insert 18.
  • cylindrical permanent magnets 21 are inserted and fixed.
  • the bearing of the rotor insert 18 by means of a roller bearing 22, with its inner ring is fixed by a screw 23 on the rotor shaft 4.
  • FIG. 2 shows opposite FIG. 1 increases the rotor cup 3 of the spinning rotor 2, the rotor insert 18 and the thread withdrawal nozzle 15.
  • the fibers fed into the rotor cup 3 through the fiber guiding channel 17 are deposited to form a fiber ring 24 in the rotor groove 25
  • FIG. 3 shown binding zone 26 connected to the yarn leg 27 and withdrawn as a yarn 28 through the thread withdrawal nozzle 15.
  • the spinning rotor 2 of the FIG. 3 is without the in FIG. 2 shown channel plate extension 14 and without the thread withdrawal nozzle 15 shown.
  • the rotor insert 18 has a thread guide channel 20 which extends in the region of the rotor groove 25 against the direction of rotation of the spinning rotor 2 curved.
  • the direction of rotation of the spinning rotor 2 is represented by the arrow 29.
  • the rotor insert 18 also four cylindrical permanent magnets 21 are introduced, which are arranged diametrically and equidistant from the rotor axis 35.
  • the rotor insert 18 is designed so that it has the smallest possible residual imbalance before the balancing process carried out during its manufacture.
  • the recess 19 has a bevel 30 at the edge. As a result, for example, short fibers that have become detached from the yarn 28 are prevented from depositing in the recess 19. Rather, the short fibers are returned back into the rotor cup 3 due to the rotation of the rotor insert 18.
  • the thread end runs by contact with the rotor insert 18 in the same direction as the rotor insert 18, passes to the rotor groove 25 and settles there against the fiber ring 24 formed from individual fibers.
  • the in the direction of rotation of the rotor insert 18 rear side wall 32 of the thread guide channel 20 is formed higher than the forward direction of rotation in the side wall 33 and partially has a slope 34, as in FIG. 4 shown.
  • the rotor insert 18 rotates in the direction of the arrow 31.
  • the yarn end of the piecing thread which initially revolves as a free yarn leg, can be detected quickly and reliably and guided in the fiber guide channel 20.
  • the rearward in the direction of rotation wall 32 may be formed entirely as a slope.
  • the rotor insert 38 rotatably mounted in the rotor cup 36 of the spinning rotor 37 has three drivers 39.
  • the fed into the rotor cup 36 fibers lie to the in FIG. 5 recognizable fiber ring 46 in the rotor groove 41 and are in the in FIG. 6 Attachment shown 47 connected to the yarn leg 40.
  • One of the drivers 39 guides the yarn leg 40.
  • the fibers of the yarn leg 40 are directed out of the rotor groove 41 in the direction of the yarn draw-off nozzle 42 and withdrawn as yarn 43 through the yarn draw-off nozzle 42.
  • the spinning rotor 37 of the FIG. 6 is without the in FIG. 5 shown channel plate extension 44 and without the thread withdrawal nozzle 42 shown.
  • a permanent magnet 45 is fixed.
  • the direction of rotation of the spinning rotor 37 and the rotor insert 38 is represented by the arrow 48.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Métier de filature à fibres libérées, comprenant un rotor de filage en révolution dans un carter rotorique et dont la gorge rotorique, dotée du diamètre intérieur maximal, assure l'accumulation des fibres ; et une zone de liage implantée avec déphasage, sachant qu'une mèche, s'étendant depuis une buse délivreuse de fil jusqu'à la gorge rotorique, est courbée en sens inverse de la direction de rotation du rotor, au cours du processus de filage, au moins à proximité de ladite gorge rotorique,
    caractérisé par le fait
    que le rotor de filage (2, 37) renferme une pièce rotorique intégrée (18, 38) montée à rotation coaxialement à l'axe (35) dudit rotor de filage (2, 37) ; par la présence d'un système imprimant une rotation à ladite pièce rotorique intégrée (18, 38) dans la direction de rotation dudit rotor de filage (2, 37), sachant que ladite pièce rotorique intégrée (18, 38) est temporisée, au cours du processus de filage, de façon telle que la temporisation corresponde pour l'essentiel au déphasage de la zone de liage ; et par le fait que ladite pièce rotorique intégrée (18, 38) comporte un guide-fil qui guide la mèche (27, 40) entre la gorge rotorique (25, 41) et la buse (15, 42) délivreuse de fil, et qui concourt efficacement à la courbure de ladite mèche (27, 40) en sens inverse de la direction de rotation du rotor durant toutes les phases de filage.
  2. Métier de filature à fibres libérées, selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que, en mode filage normal, la mèche (27, 40) ralentit la pièce rotorique intégrée (18, 38), par l'intermédiaire du guide-fil, vis-à-vis de son entraînement en synchronisme avec le rotor de filage (2, 37).
  3. Métier de filature à fibres libérées, selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que le système d'entraînement de la pièce rotorique intégrée (18, 38) est constitué d'un accouplement sans contact avec le rotor de filage (2, 37).
  4. Métier de filature à fibres libérées, selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait que la pièce rotorique intégrée (18, 38) présente, en vue de l'accouplement sans contact, des aimants permanents (21, 45) agencés concentriquement.
  5. Métier de filature à fibres libérées, selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que le guide-fil est un canal (20) guide-fil ; et par le fait que l'orifice d'entrée dudit canal (20) guide-fil, situé du côté de la gorge rotorique, est réalisé de telle sorte qu'il concoure efficacement à la courbure de la mèche (27) en sens inverse de la direction de rotation du rotor.
  6. Métier de filature à fibres libérées, selon la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait que, parmi les deux zones périphériques de la pièce rotorique intégrée (18) limitrophes du canal (20) guide-fil, seule la zone périphérique située à l'arrière dans la direction de rotation dudit canal (20) guide-fil présente, vis-à-vis de la gorge rotorique (25), un espacement tel que ladite pièce rotorique intégrée (18) et ledit rotor de filage (2, 37) matérialisent conjointement, dans cette zone, un prolongement dudit canal (20) guide-fil.
  7. Métier de filature à fibres libérées, selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que la pièce rotorique intégrée (18) comporte, centralement, un évidement (19) dans lequel la buse (15) délivreuse de fil s'engage en partie, à l'état fermé dudit métier de filature (1) à fibres libérées, le bord dudit évidement (19) étant réalisé sous la forme d'un biseau (30).
  8. Métier de filature à fibres libérées, selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que la paroi latérale (32) du canal (20) guide-fil, située à l'arrière dans la direction de rotation, est réalisée de telle sorte qu'elle provoque la saisie d'une extrémité libre du fil d'amorce de filage qui accomplit une révolution en tant que mèche (27).
  9. Métier de filature à fibres libérées, selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que le guide-fil est réalisé sous la forme d'un organe d'entraînement (39).
  10. Métier de filature à fibres libérées, selon la revendication 9, caractérisé par la présence d'au moins un organe d'entraînement (39) supplémentaire, sachant que, en variante, l'un des organes d'entraînement (39) guide la mèche (40).
  11. Métier de filature à fibres libérées, selon la revendication 10, caractérisé par le fait que l'organe d'entraînement (39) est réalisé de façon telle qu'il serve simultanément à recevoir les aimants permanents (45).
  12. Rotor de filage muni d'une gorge qui représente le diamètre intérieur maximal dudit rotor de filage, caractérisé par le fait que ledit rotor de filage (2, 37) renferme une pièce rotorique intégrée (18, 38) montée à rotation coaxialement à l'axe (35) dudit rotor de filage (2, 37) ; par le fait que ladite pièce rotorique intégrée (18, 38) comporte un guide-fil par lequel la mèche (27, 40) est guidée entre la gorge rotorique (25, 41) et une buse (15, 42) délivreuse de fil, et par lequel la courbure de ladite mèche (27, 40) en sens inverse de la direction de rotation du rotor est assistée, durant toutes les phases de filage, de façon telle que le processus de filage se déroule avec une zone de liage à implantation déphasée ; et par le fait que ledit rotor de filage (2, 37) possède un système par lequel la pièce rotorique intégrée (18, 38) peut être mise en rotation dans la direction de rotation dudit rotor de filage (2, 37) et peut être temporisée, au cours du processus de filage, de manière que la temporisation corresponde pour l'essentiel au déphasage de ladite zone de liage.
  13. Procédé de production d'un filé, dans lequel un rotor de filage accomplit une révolution dans un carter rotorique d'un métier de filature à fibres libérées, et les fibres sont accumulées dans une gorge rotorique représentant le diamètre intérieur maximal dudit rotor de filage, sachant qu'une mèche s'étend depuis une buse délivreuse de fil jusqu'à la gorge rotorique et se courbe en sens inverse de la direction de rotation dudit rotor, au cours du processus de filage, au moins à proximité de ladite gorge rotorique, caractérisé par le fait qu'une pièce rotorique intégrée (18, 38) montée dans le rotor de filage (2, 37), coaxialement à l'axe (35) dudit rotor, tourne dans la direction de rotation dudit rotor de filage (2, 37) ; par le fait que le mouvement rotatoire de ladite pièce rotorique intégrée (18, 38) est temporisé, au cours du processus de filage, de façon telle que la temporisation corresponde pour l'essentiel au déphasage de la zone de liage, provoqué par la direction de courbure de la mèche ; et par le fait que ladite pièce rotorique intégrée (18, 38) guide ladite mèche (27, 40), entre ladite gorge rotorique (25, 41) et une buse (15, 42) délivreuse de fil, de façon telle qu'elle concoure efficacement à la courbure de ladite mèche (27, 40), en sens inverse de la direction de rotation du rotor, durant toutes les phases de filage.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 13, caractérisé par le fait que la pièce rotorique intégrée (18, 38) accomplit, durant la phase d'amorce du filage, une révolution avec une vitesse présentant au moins une valeur suffisamment élevée pour qu'elle saisisse la mèche introduite dans le rotor de filage (2, 37).
EP03026400A 2002-11-21 2003-11-19 Métier à filer à bout libre comprenant un rotor de filature et procédé de filage Expired - Lifetime EP1422325B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10254272 2002-11-21
DE10254272A DE10254272A1 (de) 2002-11-21 2002-11-21 Offenend-Spinnvorrichtung

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1422325A2 EP1422325A2 (fr) 2004-05-26
EP1422325A3 EP1422325A3 (fr) 2005-03-23
EP1422325B1 true EP1422325B1 (fr) 2008-04-23

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03026400A Expired - Lifetime EP1422325B1 (fr) 2002-11-21 2003-11-19 Métier à filer à bout libre comprenant un rotor de filature et procédé de filage

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6920746B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1422325B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1515714A (fr)
DE (2) DE10254272A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10254271A1 (de) * 2002-11-21 2004-06-03 Saurer Gmbh & Co. Kg Offenend-Spinnvorrichtung
DE202005016198U1 (de) * 2005-10-15 2005-12-29 Saurer Gmbh & Co. Kg Zwirnflügel

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1917864A1 (de) * 1968-04-10 1969-12-11 Vnii Tekstilnogo I Legkogo Mas Zwirn- und Garnbildungsvorrichtung zum pneumomechanischen Spinnen und Verfahren zur Drehung des Abweisers darin
DE2126841A1 (de) 1971-05-29 1973-01-25 Schubert & Salzer Maschinen Faserbandspinnvorrichtung mit rotierender spinnkammer
DE2421415B2 (de) * 1974-05-03 1977-07-28 Fried. Krupp GmbH, 4300 Essen - Offen-end-spinneinheit mit faserleitscheibe
JPS5164034A (en) * 1974-11-29 1976-06-03 Negishi Kogyo Kenkyusho Kk Shinboshihoho oyobi sochi
DE3942454A1 (de) * 1989-12-22 1991-06-27 Schlafhorst & Co W Verfahren und einrichtung zum herstellen eines spinnfasergarns
DE4411342A1 (de) 1994-03-31 1995-10-05 Schlafhorst & Co W Offenend-Rotorspinnvorrichtung
TW327900U (en) * 1994-08-05 1998-03-01 Toyoda Automatic Loom Works Rotor types and air stream spinning type precision spinning frame
DE19963087A1 (de) * 1999-12-24 2001-06-28 Schlafhorst & Co W Verfahren zum Offenend-Rotorspinnen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1422325A2 (fr) 2004-05-26
CN1515714A (zh) 2004-07-28
DE10254272A1 (de) 2004-06-03
DE50309677D1 (de) 2008-06-05
US6920746B2 (en) 2005-07-26
EP1422325A3 (fr) 2005-03-23
US20040103634A1 (en) 2004-06-03

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