EP1420124B1 - Curtain wall construction with ceramic building elements - Google Patents

Curtain wall construction with ceramic building elements Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1420124B1
EP1420124B1 EP20030025578 EP03025578A EP1420124B1 EP 1420124 B1 EP1420124 B1 EP 1420124B1 EP 20030025578 EP20030025578 EP 20030025578 EP 03025578 A EP03025578 A EP 03025578A EP 1420124 B1 EP1420124 B1 EP 1420124B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
prestressing
structure according
ceramic body
facade
ceramic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP20030025578
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1420124A1 (en
Inventor
Claus Girnghuber
Eckehart Kelm
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Moeding Keramikfassaden GmbH
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Moeding Keramikfassaden GmbH
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Publication of EP1420124A1 publication Critical patent/EP1420124A1/en
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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/14Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass
    • E04F13/142Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass with an outer layer of ceramics or clays
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/20Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members
    • E04C3/22Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members built-up by elements jointed in line
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/20Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members
    • E04C3/26Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members prestressed
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06BFIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/01Grilles fixed to walls, doors, or windows; Grilles moving with doors or windows; Walls formed as grilles, e.g. claustra

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a curtain wall construction with ceramic components for placement on a building, preferably on a building or a fixed support structure.
  • Ceramic components are not or only to a limited extent on bending and train claims. They are conventionally supported flat over their entire horizontal extent or over a large area of their horizontal extent, if necessary, over several evenly distributed bearing points in their arrangement in the building. Ceramic components are z. B. for roof cover - designed as a so-called tile - used. In their arrangement on the roof they are each flat or supported on over their area extent uniformly distributed bearing points on each other and on the roof substructure. The same applies to bricks in their arrangement in the masonry. They are arranged one above the other under surface support and thus stressed to pressure.
  • the lintel construction has a component consisting of several bricks, which are penetrated by one or more tension rods under prestress. This component is bricked as a lintel element for a wall opening in the brick masonry.
  • No. 5,860,257 describes a curtain wall construction in which ceramic shading elements are provided as facade elements which are not prestressed. The facade elements are penetrated by a support element in the sense of fall protection of fragments.
  • rod-shaped ceramic components are used as so-called baguettes.
  • baguettes In their assembled arrangement in the building they are supported horizontally aligned at their ends or at a few points between their front ends in the stationary support structure. Due to the low bending strength of the ceramic material, the length dimensions of these baguettes can be chosen only very limited. Already due to the dead weight of the ceramic element, it may sometimes come at smaller spans to break the ceramic body. This also applies to constructions in which the ceramic body is penetrated by a metal rod, via which the component is supported in the stationary supporting structure. Also with these constructions it comes with appropriate length dimensions the ceramic body already due to its own weight to break the ceramic body.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a ceramic component of the type mentioned, which is able to absorb bending and / or tensile stresses. It should be made possible bending-resistant versions of the ceramic component, which are elongate or plate-shaped and preferably horizontally aligned in the building or any other stationary support structure can be suspended.
  • the ceramic component is designed as a biased component. It consists of a one-piece or multi-part ceramic body which has at least one biasing pull member which extends through and / or crosses the ceramic body. In the region of the opposite ends of the ceramic body Vorspannwiderlager are supported, which cooperate with the ends of the Vorspannzugglieds such that the biasing tension member is biased to train and the ceramic body under pressure. This prestressed component is then claimable on bending and / or train. It can be mounted in a horizontal position more or less self-supporting in the building or other support structure.
  • the ceramic body can be formed as an elongated and / or plate-shaped body with a relatively large longitudinal or surface extension and mounted supported on only a few spaced-apart bearing points.
  • the storage can be done in a rigid stationary arrangement, so that the ceramic component is thus arranged immovably rigid in the building or in another support structure.
  • the storage of the ceramic component can also be done in a movable bearing, so that the component in its arrangement in the building or in another support structure movable, z. B. is pivotable, is.
  • baguettes can be carried out with rod-shaped configuration in this way.
  • a plurality of the ceramic body by far biasing tension members may be provided.
  • embodiments are provided in which the biasing tension members are arranged in a common plane parallel to one another. In this way, plate-shaped components are advantageously carried out.
  • a plurality of non-arranged in a common plane Vorspannzugglieder pass through the ceramic body.
  • Such embodiments are particularly suitable for ceramic body having a greater thickness extension, z.
  • Embodiments are provided in which the pretensioning pull member engages through the ceramic body in a through hole of the ceramic body, that is, in which the biasing pull member extends in the through hole.
  • the through hole is preferably formed as a through hole formed in the ceramic production of the ceramic body before firing. Designs in which the through hole is subsequently introduced or subsequently processed in any way, however, are conceivable.
  • a plurality of such through holes are formed in the ceramic body and in which a plurality of the through holes are each penetrated by one or more biasing tension members.
  • all through holes can be equipped with the pretensioning links.
  • some of the through holes remain free, that is not be penetrated by Vorspannzuggliedern.
  • the biasing tension member may be disposed in the through hole so that it is not in the region between the Vorspannwiderlagern with the ceramic body or at least not radially in contact, that is, in these embodiments, the Vorspannzugglied is arranged at a distance from the wall of the through hole. It However, embodiments are also provided in which the Vorspannzugglied is at least in a portion in the region between the Vorspannwiderlagern in direct contact with the ceramic body or is arranged with little play to the ceramic body, preferably engages in a recess in the wall of the through hole. This recess may be formed undercut in preferred embodiments and in this way, so to speak, an entanglement between the biasing tension member and the ceramic body in this area.
  • the biasing tension member for this purpose also have radially projecting legs or radially projecting arms which engage in the recess.
  • the biasing tension member in which between the biasing tension member and the ceramic body is a positive or interlocking engagement, can act as anti-rotation and / or crash protection of the ceramic body.
  • a backfill material is received in the through-hole receiving the biasing tension member.
  • the backfill material is preferably filled into the through-hole after being clamped. In this way, a further solidification and stabilization of the prestressed component is obtained.
  • the backfill material may be mortar or concrete or any other hardening mass.
  • the ceramic body is formed of two or more ceramic body modules, preferably constructed identically, arranged in a row one behind the other form the ceramic body and are penetrated by a common one-piece or multi-part composite Vorspannzugglied.
  • the adjoining ceramic body modules can be arranged directly one on another "crunchy", but it can also between the adjoining ceramic body modules an intermediate joint insert, for.
  • This intermediate joint insert may have a smooth surface or a structured surface in order to realize a flat or a punctual support.
  • the intermediate joint insert is formed sufficiently pressure-resistant at least for receiving the biasing forces.
  • the intermediate joint insert in cross section, preferably in Cross section of the ceramic body module, according to, in particular the same size as the cross section of the ceramic body module formed.
  • the intermediate joint insert is formed smaller or larger in cross-section than the cross section of the ceramic body module.
  • the intermediate joint insert may in preferred embodiments be connected to a mounting arm or be formed as part of a mounting arm, which serves for connection to a stationary bearing for support in the building or any other stationary support structure. This fastening or support arm thus forms part of a fastening device for supporting the ceramic component.
  • the ceramic component can immobile or movable on a stationary bearing, for. B. be supported on a stationary support structure or a building or a movable component of the building.
  • the ceramic component is designed as immovably mounted, fixedly supported facade element.
  • the ceramic component may be formed as a movably mounted exposure or ventilation wing.
  • the ceramic component is designed as a fixed, preferably horizontally or vertically aligned sunshade wings or as a movably mounted wing of a sunshade and / or climatic protection device.
  • FIGS. 1a to 1d is a biased plate-shaped component. It has a plate-shaped ceramic body 1, which is penetrated by two Vorspannzuggliedern 2. The Vorspannzugglieder 2 are clamped in supported on opposite end faces of the ceramic body 1 Vorspannwiderlagern 3 in the region of their front ends and thus acted upon train. The ceramic body 1 is thereby pressurized.
  • the Vorspannzugglieder 2 are designed as straight tie rods, in the illustrated embodiment as metal bars. They pass through the plate-shaped ceramic body 1 in the longitudinal direction. They are arranged parallel to each other at a mutual distance and extend at a distance and parallel to the opposite longitudinal edges of the ceramic body 1. Each Vorspannzugglied 2, i. Each pull rod is arranged in a longitudinal through-hole 4. The tension rod runs in each case in the axial longitudinal central axis of the through hole 4 at a radial distance from the hole wall. In the illustrated embodiment, six further parallel through-holes 4 are arranged between the through holes 4, in which the Vorspannzugstäbe 2 extend, in which no Vorspannzugglieder 2 are arranged.
  • a through hole 4 is arranged, in which also no Vorspannzugglied 2 is added. All through holes 4 are arranged in the embodiment in a common plane, which forms the longitudinal center plane between the front side and the back of the plate-shaped ceramic body 1.
  • the Vorspannwiderlager 3 are formed in the illustrated embodiment in Fig. 1a to c as a screw connection.
  • the ends of the Vorspannzugstäbe 2 are provided with external thread on which the Vorspannwiderlager 3 are screwed.
  • the Vorspannwiderlager 3 have for this purpose an internal thread.
  • the internal thread of the Vorspannwiderlagers 3 is formed as a screw nut 3a, the interposition of a thrust washer 3b on the external thread of the Vorspannzugglieds is screwed.
  • the thrust washer 3b rests on a resting on the end face of the ceramic body 1 pressure-resistant end plate 1a.
  • Vorspannwiderlager 3 At both ends of the ceramic body 1 in the through hole 2 by cross-biasing tension rod 2 identically constructed Vorspannwiderlager 3 are arranged in the manner described above. When tightened Vorspannwiderlagern the Vorspannzugstäbe 2 are biased to train and the ceramic body 1 to pressure. In the illustrated embodiment, the Vorspannzugstäbe 2 based exclusively on the Vorspannwiderlagern 3, without the Vorspannzugstäbe 2 touch the ceramic body 1 approximately in the region of the wall of the through holes 4.
  • FIGS. 2 a to 2 d show various modified embodiments of preload abutments 3.
  • the preload abutment in Fig. 2a corresponds in its construction to the abutments, as shown in the above-described embodiment in Figs. 1a and 1b.
  • Fig. 2c shows a recessed arrangement of the preload abutment 3, this preload abutment being composed of corresponding components, such as the preload abutment in Fig. 2a.
  • Fig. 2c only one countersunk hole 1l is formed in the region of the front end of the through hole 4.
  • this countersunk hole 1l the Vorspannwiderlager is arranged, which corresponds in its structure to the Vorspannwiderlager in Fig. 2a.
  • the externally threaded end of the biasing tension member 2 terminates in the counterbore 11, the pressure washer 3b is supported on the bottom of the counterbore 1I.
  • the threaded end of the Vorspannzugstabs 2 passes through the thrust washer 3b.
  • the clamping nut 3a is screwed onto the threaded end and provides support under pressure on the pressure plate 3b the bias.
  • Fig. 2b is an overlying arrangement of the Vorspannwiderlagers as Vorspannschraubglied an Allen screw 3i is provided with internal thread in this embodiment.
  • This Allen screw engages in the through hole and is supported with its head on the end face of the ceramic body 1 with the interposition of the pressure plate 3b.
  • a coupling sleeve 3h is provided with double-sided internal thread, which is sunk in the front end of the through hole 2, wherein it is screwed with its one end to the internal thread on one side with the threaded end of Vorspannzugstabs 2 and with the female thread on its other side receives a clamping screw 3s, which has a lock nut 3k.
  • the clamping screw 3s is screwed into the corresponding internal thread of the coupling sleeve 3h.
  • the lock nut 3k is supported on the edge of a hat-shaped thrust washer 3t, which engages supported on the end face of the ceramic body 1 in the through hole 2 while receiving the coupling sleeve 3h.
  • Such preload abutment 3 can be arranged in each case on both front ends of the biasing tension members 2.
  • such adjustable Vorspannwiderlager 3 may be provided only at one end, while at the other end of the Vorspannzugglieder each a non-adjustable abutment can be arranged, the z. B. may be formed only as a disc which is fixedly connected to the biasing tension member and is supported on the end face of the ceramic body 1.
  • the ceramic body 1 is composed in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1a to 1d of two successively arranged ceramic body modules 1m.
  • the ceramic body modules 1m are identical. They border with their facing end faces together with the interposition of a pressure-resistant joint liner 1f.
  • the joint liner 1f has identical perforations as the ceramic body modules 1m.
  • the Vorspannzugstäbe 2 pass through both aligned one behind the other arranged ceramic body modules 1m and clamp them against each other when the Vorspannwiderlager 3 are tightened.
  • the ceramic body modules 1m and / or the joint liners 1f may also be designed differently.
  • the ceramic body 1 can also be made of more than two in modified embodiments Ceramic body modules 1m be composed, but it can also be formed only from a single ceramic body module 1m. Such different variants are shown in FIG.
  • the bracing of the ceramic body modules 1m takes place respectively in a corresponding manner as in the previously described embodiment of FIG. 1 via biasing tension members 2, each of which pass through the entire ceramic body 1 and are biased via not shown frontally arranged Vorspannwiderlager 3.
  • the support arm 5 is integrally connected to the joint liner 1f. As can be seen from the illustration in FIG. 4 a, the support arm 5 projects at a right angle from the rear side of the plate-shaped ceramic body 1. In modified embodiments of the bearing arm may be formed projecting with angle deviating from 90 °.
  • FIGS. 5a and 5b show a modified support arm construction.
  • the support arm 5 is also arranged there in the joint intermediate area. However, it is not integrally connected to the joint liner 1f, but formed as a separate arm 5, which is provided with a hook-shaped receptacle 5a at its end and engages in a receiving groove of a disc-shaped joint intermediate storage 1s this cross and a clamping screw connection 5k at the disc-shaped joint intermediate storage 1f is fixed.
  • the clamping screw connection 5k consists of a clamping screw 5s, which is screwed into a fixedly connected to the support arm 5 threaded sleeve 5h and engages with its clamping screw end with tightened clamping screw 5s in the receiving groove of the joint intermediate bearing 1s clamping.
  • the disc-shaped joint intermediate storage is 1s of an inner disc with a small diameter and composed of two axially outer discs of larger diameter.
  • This disk device 1s is arranged in the joint area between the ceramic body modules 1m and is held firmly clamped in the clamped state by the ceramic body modules 1m.
  • the disk device 1s has a central through-hole, which is penetrated by the bias tension rod 2 coaxial with game.
  • the joint intermediate bearing 1s may also be designed without receiving groove, preferably as a cylindrical bearing body, in modified embodiments.
  • Correspondingly constructed support arms 5 can also be arranged in the region of the front ends of the ceramic body 1 or for fastening e.g. engage the over the Vorspannwiderlager 3 outward ends of the Vorspannzugstäbe 2 and fixed there against rotation. Alternatively or additionally, however, the support arms 5 can also be attached directly to components of the Vorspannwiderlagers 3 or connected to these.
  • a curtain ventilated facade wall is shown. It consists of prestressed ceramic facade panels 10 which are attached to a building wall 11 mounted substructure 12.
  • the prestressed facade panels 10 correspond in their construction to the prestressed components illustrated in the figures described above.
  • Each facade panel 10 in Fig. 6 consists of five braced together in the longitudinal direction successively arranged plate-shaped modules 10m, which are each constructed identically.
  • Each of the composite facade panels 10 is penetrated in each case by two Vorspannzugsgliedem 2, which are biased on frontally supported abutment 3, so that the facade panels form prestressed components.
  • two support arms 5 are provided in each case.
  • the modules 10m also in the average and / or length design be different, preferably similar. They may, for example, also be profiled differently from the rectangular or round cross-sectional configuration.
  • prestressed ceramic facade panels 20 are used in a building-side stationary support structure 22.
  • This building-side support structure 22 consists of fixedly mounted vertical supports 22, on which the prestressed plate-shaped components 20 are pivotally mounted about a horizontal axis of rotation 20h.
  • corresponding rotary bearings 22 are arranged on the vertical supports, in which the prestressed elements are mounted rotatably.
  • the engaging in the pivot bearing journals can be formed by the projecting beyond the ends of the ends of Vorspannzugstäbe 2.
  • corresponding separate bearing rods can be provided which can be arranged in the prestressed ceramic components, preferably the ceramic body 1, without bias.
  • the pivotally mounted facade panels 20 form in the embodiment in Fig. 7 adjustable exposure and ventilation wings.
  • prestressed ceramic components 30 which have a corresponding structure as the elements in the exemplary embodiments described above, are used in a staircase construction. They are supported in the region of their front ends in lateral steel cheeks 32, in that the front ends of the pretensioning tie rods 2 which engage through the pretensioning abutment 3 engage in bearings in the lateral steel cheeks 32.
  • the illustrated construction forms a bridge with two steps 34 on both opposite sides and a connecting platform 35 connecting the two upper steps 34.
  • the steps 34 on the two sides are each formed by three prestressed plate-shaped components 30 which are arranged in stages, the bridge pedestal is formed by the components forming the two uppermost stages and a further component 30 arranged between them.
  • a railing 36 is arranged, which consists of three vertical steel beams 36v, at which vertically aligned a biased plate-shaped ceramic component 39, consisting of two plate-shaped modules 39m is arranged.
  • This preloaded Component 39 is held above the vertical railing posts 36v by coupling the two outer posts 36v at the ends of the component 39 to the ends of the biasing tie rods projecting from the biasing pads 3 and connecting the center post 36v to the joint intermediate layer adjacent the joint is arranged between the plate-shaped modules 39m of the ceramic component.
  • a handrail 36h is arranged which may be formed of a metal bar or the like.
  • the support structure 47 consists of vertical profiles 47v, which is suspended in front of the building wall 48 via support struts 47t.
  • the vertical profiles 47v form a mounting plane that is vertically aligned at a distance in front of the vertical building wall 48.
  • the baguettes 40 correspond in their basic structure to the previously described prestressed plate-shaped ceramic bodies. They have a rod-shaped ceramic body 41. As shown in FIG. 9c, this body is designed as a hollow profile body with a central profile cavity 41h. The cross section of the profile body is square. The profile cavity also has a square basic shape, but in the opposite square sides in each case centrally, undercut recesses 41a are arranged, which are dovetail-shaped in cross section in the illustrated embodiment. These undercut recesses 41a are grooves which extend in the longitudinal direction of the profile in the opposite walls of the profile cavity. In the profile cavity, a bias tension member 42 is arranged, which is formed in the illustrated embodiment as a profile with cross-shaped profile cross-section.
  • the mutually perpendicular profile legs are T-shaped at their free end in each case in cross section. These T-shaped ends in cross-section engage in the undercut grooves 41 a.
  • the Vorspannzugelement 42 is supported with its front ends in on the end faces of the ceramic body 41 Clamped not shown Vorspannwiderlagern. You can be supported on the end faces of the ceramic body arranged there pressure-resistant end plates. By tightening the preload abutment, the biasing tension member 42 is biased to tension, biasing the ceramic body 41 under pressure. It is thereby formed the baguette 40 as a biased ceramic component.
  • Baguettes are increased due to the bias in terms of their bending tensile values, so that they can withstand larger wind loads compared to conventional non-aforementioned baguettes and can be stored with larger spans.
  • a break fall protection is obtained in case of breakage of the ceramic body. This means that in the case of fracture does not crash the entire ceramic body or all fragments, but the ceramic body is largely maintained even after a break on the entanglement of Vorspannzugglieds with the recesses of the ceramic body in the supporting structure.
  • 42 obtained by the engagement of the radially projecting profile legs of the biasing tension elements a rotation of the ceramic body 41 in the mounting position.
  • Fig. 10a ceramic body 101 which can be used to form a baguette-type prestressed ceramic component. They each have a profile cavity 101h, which extends axially in the longitudinal direction of the profile body and in which one or more biasing tension members, not shown, can be arranged.
  • the outer cross section of the ceramic bodies 101 is different in the various embodiments, that is circular, square, triangular, oval, hexagonal, star-shaped, etc.
  • the cross-section of the profile cavity 101h is also different in the embodiments, namely circular, square and triangular.
  • a plurality of profile cavities 102h arranged parallel to one another in a plane are respectively formed, wherein in one or more of these profile cavities 102h bias tension elements can be arranged.
  • profile cavities 102k with a smaller cross-section are present in this embodiment. These profile cavities are not provided for receiving Vorspannzugianon, but only for manufacturing reasons in conjunction with the drying and the firing process in the ceramic body available.
  • the further embodiments shown in FIG. 10a are ceramic bodies 103 and 104. They each have a plurality of parallel profile cavities 103h and 104h, which are arranged in a plurality of mutually parallel planes or in mutually angularly arranged planes. Also in these profile cavities 103h and 104h bias tension elements can be introduced. In addition, in the Keramikkörpem 103, 104 and other profile cavities 103k 104k are provided with a smaller cross-section, which are not provided for receiving Vorspannzug instituten.
  • the ceramic bodies 105, 106, 107 and 108 are hollow profile bodies with a square, round, triangular or oval outer cross section, each having a central profile cavity 105h, 106h, 107h, 108h with a large cross-sectional area. Further profile cavities with a smaller cross-sectional area are arranged coaxially around the central profile cavity in the profile body.
  • Vorspannzugieri can be arranged in the central profile cavity. Additionally or alternatively, however, biasing tension elements can also be used in the outer profile cavities with a smaller cross section.
  • the further variants shown in FIG. 10b are ceramic profile bodies 109, 110, 111, 112 which are wing-shaped or teardrop-shaped in cross-section and also have a plurality of profile cavities for receiving bias tension elements.
  • the biasing tension element preferably as a separate component, engages through the anchor element.
  • the anchor element is a e.g. tubular body which the biasing tension member has e.g. as a pull rod passes through.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine vorgehängte Fassadenkonstruktion mit Keramikbauelementen zur Anordnung an einem Bauwerk, vorzugsweise an einem Gebäude oder einer ortsfesten Tragkonstruktion.The invention relates to a curtain wall construction with ceramic components for placement on a building, preferably on a building or a fixed support structure.

Bekannte Keramikbauelemente sind nicht oder nur sehr begrenzt auf Biegung und Zug beanspruchbar. Sie werden bei ihrer Anordnung im Bauwerk herkömmlicherweise flächig über ihre gesamte horizontale Erstreckung oder über einen großen Bereich ihrer horizontalen Erstreckung gegebenenfalls über mehrere gleichmäßig verteilte Lagerpunkte abgestützt. Keramikbauelemente werden z. B. zur Dachabdeckung - als sogenannte Dachziegel ausgebildet - eingesetzt. In ihrer Anordnung am Dach sind sie jeweils flächig oder auf über ihre Flächenerstreckung gleichmäßig verteilte Auflagerpunkte aufeinander und auf der Dachunterkonstruktion abgestützt. Entsprechendes gilt für Ziegelsteine in ihrer Anordnung im Mauerverband. Sie sind hierbei unter flächiger Auflage übereinander angeordnet und somit auf Druck beansprucht.Known ceramic components are not or only to a limited extent on bending and train claims. They are conventionally supported flat over their entire horizontal extent or over a large area of their horizontal extent, if necessary, over several evenly distributed bearing points in their arrangement in the building. Ceramic components are z. B. for roof cover - designed as a so-called tile - used. In their arrangement on the roof they are each flat or supported on over their area extent uniformly distributed bearing points on each other and on the roof substructure. The same applies to bricks in their arrangement in the masonry. They are arranged one above the other under surface support and thus stressed to pressure.

DE 296 12 473 U1 beschreibt eine vermauerte Sturzkonstruktion. Die Sturzkonstruktion weist ein Bauelement auf, das aus mehreren Ziegelsteinen besteht, die von einer oder mehreren Zugstangen unter Vorspannung durchgriffen sind. Dieses Bauelement ist als Sturzelement für eine Maueröffnung im Ziegelmauerwerk vermauert.DE 296 12 473 U1 describes a walled lintel construction. The lintel construction has a component consisting of several bricks, which are penetrated by one or more tension rods under prestress. This component is bricked as a lintel element for a wall opening in the brick masonry.

US 5 860 257 beschreibt eine vorgehängte Fassadenkonstruktion, bei der keramische Beschattungselemente als Fassadenelemente vorgesehen sind, die nicht unter Vorspannung stehen. Die Fassadenelemente sind von einem Tragelement im Sinne einer Absturzsicherung von Bruchstücken durchgriffen.No. 5,860,257 describes a curtain wall construction in which ceramic shading elements are provided as facade elements which are not prestressed. The facade elements are penetrated by a support element in the sense of fall protection of fragments.

In der modernen Architektur werden stabförmige Keramikbauelemente als sogenannte Baguettes eingesetzt. In ihrer montierten Anordnung im Bauwerk sind sie an ihren Stirnenden oder an einigen wenigen Punkten zwischen ihren Stirnenden in der ortsfesten Tragkonstruktion horizontal ausgerichtet abgestützt. Aufgrund der geringen Biegefestigkeit des Keramikmaterials können die Längenabmessungen dieser Baguettes nur sehr begrenzt gewählt werden. Bereits aufgrund des Eigengewichtes des Keramikelements kann es mitunter bereits bei geringeren Spannweiten zum Bruch des Keramikkörpers kommen. Dies gilt auch bei Konstruktionen, bei denen der Keramikkörper von einem Metallstab durchgriffen wird, über den das Bauelement in der ortsfesten Tragkonstruktion abgestützt ist. Auch bei diesen Konstruktionen kommt es bei entsprechenden Längenabmessungen des Keramikkörpers bereits aufgrund des Eigengewichts zum Bruch des Keramikkörpers.In modern architecture, rod-shaped ceramic components are used as so-called baguettes. In their assembled arrangement in the building they are supported horizontally aligned at their ends or at a few points between their front ends in the stationary support structure. Due to the low bending strength of the ceramic material, the length dimensions of these baguettes can be chosen only very limited. Already due to the dead weight of the ceramic element, it may sometimes come at smaller spans to break the ceramic body. This also applies to constructions in which the ceramic body is penetrated by a metal rod, via which the component is supported in the stationary supporting structure. Also with these constructions it comes with appropriate length dimensions the ceramic body already due to its own weight to break the ceramic body.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Keramikbauelement der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, das in der Lage ist, Biege- und/oder Zugbeanspruchungen aufzunehmen. Es sollen biegefeste Ausführungen des Keramikbauelements ermöglicht werden, die länglich oder plattenförmig ausgebildet sind und vorzugsweise horizontal ausgerichtet in dem Bauwerk oder irgendeiner anderen ortsfesten Tragkonstruktion aufgehängt werden können.The invention has for its object to provide a ceramic component of the type mentioned, which is able to absorb bending and / or tensile stresses. It should be made possible bending-resistant versions of the ceramic component, which are elongate or plate-shaped and preferably horizontally aligned in the building or any other stationary support structure can be suspended.

Diese Aufgabe löst die Erfindung mit dem Gegenstand des Anspruchs 1.This object is achieved by the invention with the subject matter of claim 1.

Diese Lösung sieht vor, daß das Keramikbauelement als vorgespanntes Bauelement ausgebildet ist. Es besteht aus einem einteiligen oder mehrteiligen Keramikkörper, der mindestens ein den Keramikkörper durchgreifendes und/oder entlanggreifendes Vorspannzugglied aufweist. Im Bereich der gegenüberliegenden Enden des Keramikkörpers sind Vorspannwiderlager abgestützt, die mit den Enden des Vorspannzugglieds derart zusammenwirken, daß das Vorspannzugglied auf Zug und der Keramikkörper auf Druck vorgespannt wird. Dieses vorgespannte Bauelement ist sodann auf Biegung und/oder Zug beanspruchbar. Es kann in horizontaler Lage mehr oder weniger freitragend in dem Gebäude oder einer anderen Tragkonstruktion montiert werden. Der Keramikkörper kann als länglicher und/oder plattenförmiger Körper mit relativ großer Längs- bzw. Flächenerstreckung ausgebildet werden und an nur wenigen mit Abstand zueinander angeordneten Auflagerpunkten abgestützt montiert werden. Die Lagerung kann in einer starren ortsfesten Anordnung erfolgen, so daß das Keramikbauelement in dem Bauwerk oder in einer anderen Tragkonstruktion also unbeweglich starr angeordnet ist. Die Lagerung des Keramikbauelements kann jedoch auch in einem beweglichen Lager erfolgen, so daß das Bauelement in seiner Anordnung im Bauwerk oder in einer anderen Tragkonstruktion beweglich, z. B. schwenkbar, ist.This solution provides that the ceramic component is designed as a biased component. It consists of a one-piece or multi-part ceramic body which has at least one biasing pull member which extends through and / or crosses the ceramic body. In the region of the opposite ends of the ceramic body Vorspannwiderlager are supported, which cooperate with the ends of the Vorspannzugglieds such that the biasing tension member is biased to train and the ceramic body under pressure. This prestressed component is then claimable on bending and / or train. It can be mounted in a horizontal position more or less self-supporting in the building or other support structure. The ceramic body can be formed as an elongated and / or plate-shaped body with a relatively large longitudinal or surface extension and mounted supported on only a few spaced-apart bearing points. The storage can be done in a rigid stationary arrangement, so that the ceramic component is thus arranged immovably rigid in the building or in another support structure. However, the storage of the ceramic component can also be done in a movable bearing, so that the component in its arrangement in the building or in another support structure movable, z. B. is pivotable, is.

Es sind Ausführungen mit einachsiger Vorspannung möglich. Vorteilhafterweise können Baguettes mit stabförmiger Ausgestaltung in dieser Weise ausgeführt werden.There are versions with uniaxial bias possible. Advantageously, baguettes can be carried out with rod-shaped configuration in this way.

Bei weiteren Ausführungen können mehrere den Keramikkörper durchgreifende Vorspannzugglieder vorgesehen sein. Es sind hierbei Ausführungen vorgesehen, bei denen die Vorspannzugglieder in einer gemeinsamen Ebene parallel zueinander angeordnet sind. In dieser Weise werden vorteilhafterweise plattenförmige Bauelemente ausgeführt.In further embodiments, a plurality of the ceramic body by far biasing tension members may be provided. In this case, embodiments are provided in which the biasing tension members are arranged in a common plane parallel to one another. In this way, plate-shaped components are advantageously carried out.

Bei weiteren Ausführungen ist vorgesehen, daß mehrere nicht in einer gemeinsamen Ebene angeordnete Vorspannzugglieder den Keramikkörper durchgreifen. Derartige Ausführungen sind insbesondere für Keramikkörper geeignet, die eine größere Dickenerstreckung aufweisen, z. B. stabförmige Bauelemente mit größerem Querschnitt oder plattenförmige Elemente mit größerer Dicke oder auch Elemente, die beliebigen Querschnitt aufweisen, z.B. Elemente, die weder stab- noch plattenförmig ausgebildet sind.In further embodiments, it is provided that a plurality of non-arranged in a common plane Vorspannzugglieder pass through the ceramic body. Such embodiments are particularly suitable for ceramic body having a greater thickness extension, z. B. rod-shaped components with a larger cross-section or plate-shaped elements with greater thickness or even elements which have any cross-section, e.g. Elements that are neither rod-shaped nor plate-shaped.

Es sind Ausführungen vorgesehen, bei denen das Vorspannzugglied den Keramikkörper in einem Durchgangsloch des Keramikkörpers durchgreift, das heißt bei denen das Vorspannzugglied in dem Durchgangsloch verläuft. Das Durchgangsloch ist vorzugsweise als ein bei der keramischen Fertigung des Keramikkörpers vor dem Brennen ausgeformtes Durchgangsloch ausgebildet. Ausführungen, bei denen das Durchgangsloch nachträglich eingebracht oder nachträglich in irgendeiner Weise bearbeitet wird, sind jedoch denkbar. Es sind Ausführungen vorgesehen, bei denen mehrere solcher Durchgangslöcher in dem Keramikkörper ausgebildet sind und bei denen mehrere der Durchgangslöcher jeweils von einem oder mehreren Vorspannzuggliedern durchgriffen werden. Bei diesen Ausführungen können sämtliche Durchgangslöcher mit den Vorspannzuggliedern ausgerüstet werden. Es sind jedoch auch Ausführungen vorgesehen, bei denen einige der Durchgangslöcher frei bleiben, das heißt nicht von Vorspannzuggliedern durchgriffen werden.Embodiments are provided in which the pretensioning pull member engages through the ceramic body in a through hole of the ceramic body, that is, in which the biasing pull member extends in the through hole. The through hole is preferably formed as a through hole formed in the ceramic production of the ceramic body before firing. Designs in which the through hole is subsequently introduced or subsequently processed in any way, however, are conceivable. There are provided embodiments in which a plurality of such through holes are formed in the ceramic body and in which a plurality of the through holes are each penetrated by one or more biasing tension members. In these embodiments, all through holes can be equipped with the pretensioning links. However, there are also provided embodiments in which some of the through holes remain free, that is not be penetrated by Vorspannzuggliedern.

Das Vorspannzugglied kann in dem Durchgangsloch so angeordnet werden, daß es im Bereich zwischen den Vorspannwiderlagern mit dem Keramikkörper nicht oder zumindest radial nicht in Kontakt steht, das heißt bei diesen Ausführungen ist das Vorspannzugglied mit Abstand zur Wandung des Durchgangslochs angeordnet. Es sind jedoch auch Ausführungen vorgesehen, bei denen das Vorspannzugglied zumindest in einem Abschnitt im Bereich zwischen den Vorspannwiderlagern in unmittelbarem Kontakt mit dem Keramikkörper steht oder mit geringem Spiel zu dem Keramikkörper angeordnet ist, vorzugsweise in eine Ausnehmung in der Wandung des Durchgangslochs eingreift. Diese Ausnehmung kann bei bevorzugten Ausführungen hinterschnitten ausgebildet sein und auf diese Weise gewissermaßen eine Verhakung zwischen dem Vorspannzugglied und dem Keramikkörper in diesem Bereich erfolgen. Vorzugsweise kann das Vorspannzugglied hierfür auch radial abstehende Schenkel oder radial abstehende Arme aufweisen, die in die Ausnehmung eingreifen. Bei diesen Ausführungen, bei denen zwischen dem Vorspannzugglied und dem Keramikkörper ein formschlüssiger oder verhakender Eingriff erfolgt, kann das Vorspannzugglied als Verdrehsicherung und/oder Bruchabsturzsicherung des Keramikkörpers wirken.The biasing tension member may be disposed in the through hole so that it is not in the region between the Vorspannwiderlagern with the ceramic body or at least not radially in contact, that is, in these embodiments, the Vorspannzugglied is arranged at a distance from the wall of the through hole. It However, embodiments are also provided in which the Vorspannzugglied is at least in a portion in the region between the Vorspannwiderlagern in direct contact with the ceramic body or is arranged with little play to the ceramic body, preferably engages in a recess in the wall of the through hole. This recess may be formed undercut in preferred embodiments and in this way, so to speak, an entanglement between the biasing tension member and the ceramic body in this area. Preferably, the biasing tension member for this purpose also have radially projecting legs or radially projecting arms which engage in the recess. In these embodiments, in which between the biasing tension member and the ceramic body is a positive or interlocking engagement, the biasing tension member can act as anti-rotation and / or crash protection of the ceramic body.

Bei weiteren Ausführungen ist in dem das Vorspannzugglied aufnehmenden Durchgangsloch ein Verfüllmaterial aufgenommen. Das Verfüllmaterial wird vorzugsweise nach dem Verspannen in das Durchgangsloch eingefüllt. Auf diese Weise wird eine weitere Verfestigung und Stabilisierung des vorgespannten Bauelements erhalten. Bei dem Verfüllmaterial kann es sich um Mörtel oder Beton oder irgendeine andere aushärtende Masse handeln.In further embodiments, a backfill material is received in the through-hole receiving the biasing tension member. The backfill material is preferably filled into the through-hole after being clamped. In this way, a further solidification and stabilization of the prestressed component is obtained. The backfill material may be mortar or concrete or any other hardening mass.

Bei bevorzugten Ausführungen ist vorgesehen, daß der Keramikkörper aus zwei oder mehr Keramikkörpermodulen ausgebildet ist, die vorzugsweise identisch aufgebaut, in einer Reihe hintereinander angeordnet den Keramikkörper bilden und von einem gemeinsamen einteiligen oder mehrteiligen zusammengesetzten Vorspannzugglied durchgriffen werden. Die aneinander angrenzenden Keramikkörpermodule können unmittelbar aufeinander "Knirsch" angeordnet sein, es kann aber auch zwischen den aneinander angrenzenden Keramikkörpermodulen eine Zwischenfugeneinlage, z. B. eine druckfeste Platte aus Kunststoff, Metall oder dergleichen, angeordnet sein. Diese Zwischenfugeneinlage kann eine glatte Oberfläche oder eine strukturierte Oberfläche aufweisen, um eine flächige bzw. eine punktuelle Auflage zu realisieren. Die Zwischenfugeneinlage wird mindestens zur Aufnahme der Vorspannkräfte ausreichend druckfest ausgebildet. Hinsichtlich ihrer geometrisch konstruktiven Ausgestaltung wird die Zwischenfugeneinlage im Querschnitt, vorzugsweise im Querschnitt des Keramikkörpermoduls, entsprechend, insbesondere gleich groß wie der Querschnitt des Keramikkörpermoduls ausgebildet. Es sind jedoch auch Ausführungen möglich, bei denen die Zwischenfugeneinlage im Querschnitt kleiner oder größer als der Querschnitt des Keramikkörpermoduls ausgebildet ist. Die Zwischenfugeneinlage kann bei bevorzugten Ausführungen mit einem Befestigungsarm verbunden werden oder als Teil eines Befestigungsarms ausgebildet sein, der zur Verbindung mit einem ortsfesten Lager zur Abstützung in dem Gebäude oder einer anderweitigen ortsfesten Tragkonstruktion dient. Dieser Befestigungs- oder Tragarm bildet damit einen Bestandteil einer Befestigungseinrichtung zur Abstützung des Keramikbauelements.In preferred embodiments, it is provided that the ceramic body is formed of two or more ceramic body modules, preferably constructed identically, arranged in a row one behind the other form the ceramic body and are penetrated by a common one-piece or multi-part composite Vorspannzugglied. The adjoining ceramic body modules can be arranged directly one on another "crunchy", but it can also between the adjoining ceramic body modules an intermediate joint insert, for. As a pressure-resistant plate made of plastic, metal or the like may be arranged. This intermediate joint insert may have a smooth surface or a structured surface in order to realize a flat or a punctual support. The intermediate joint insert is formed sufficiently pressure-resistant at least for receiving the biasing forces. With regard to its geometrically constructive design, the intermediate joint insert in cross section, preferably in Cross section of the ceramic body module, according to, in particular the same size as the cross section of the ceramic body module formed. However, embodiments are also possible in which the intermediate joint insert is formed smaller or larger in cross-section than the cross section of the ceramic body module. The intermediate joint insert may in preferred embodiments be connected to a mounting arm or be formed as part of a mounting arm, which serves for connection to a stationary bearing for support in the building or any other stationary support structure. This fastening or support arm thus forms part of a fastening device for supporting the ceramic component.

Das Keramikbauelement kann unbeweglich oder beweglich an einem ortsfesten Lager, z. B. an einer ortsfesten Tragkonstruktion oder einem Gebäude oder einem beweglichen Bauteil des Gebäudes abgestützt sein. In diesem Zusammenhang sind Ausführungen möglich, bei denen das Keramikbauelement als unbeweglich gelagertes, ortsfest abgestütztes Fassadenelement ausgebildet ist. Bei anderen Ausführungen kann das Keramikbauelement als beweglich gelagerter Belichtungs- oder Belüftungsflügel ausgebildet sein. Fernerhin sind Ausführungen möglich, bei denen das Keramikbauelement als festgelagerter, vorzugsweise horizontal oder vertikal ausgerichteter Sonnenschutzflügel oder als beweglich gelagerter Flügel einer Sonnenschutz- und/oder Klimaschutzeinrichtung ausgebildet ist.The ceramic component can immobile or movable on a stationary bearing, for. B. be supported on a stationary support structure or a building or a movable component of the building. In this context, embodiments are possible in which the ceramic component is designed as immovably mounted, fixedly supported facade element. In other embodiments, the ceramic component may be formed as a movably mounted exposure or ventilation wing. Furthermore, embodiments are possible in which the ceramic component is designed as a fixed, preferably horizontally or vertically aligned sunshade wings or as a movably mounted wing of a sunshade and / or climatic protection device.

Bei den verschiedenen Ausführungen ergeben sich aufgrund der Vorspannung des Keramikbauelements vielfältige Gestaltungsfreiheiten hinsichtlich der Abmessungen und Formgestaltung sowie hinsichtlich der Ausgestaltung der Aufhängung der Bauelemente in dem Gebäude oder irgendeiner anderen, vorzugsweise ortsfesten Tragkonstruktion.In the various embodiments arise due to the bias of the ceramic component diverse design freedom in terms of dimensions and shape and design of the suspension of the Components in the building or any other, preferably stationary support structure.

Im folgenden werden Ausführungsbeispiele anhand von Figuren beschreiben. Dabei zeigen:

Fig. 1a
eine geschnittene Frontansicht eines plattenförmigen vorgespannten Keramikbauelements, bestehend aus zwei Keramikkörpermodulen;
Fig. 1b
eine Horizontalschnittansicht entlang Linie B-B in Fig. 1a;
Fig. 1c Fig. 1d
eine Vertikalschnittansicht entlang Linie C-C in Fig. 1a; eine Seitenansicht in Fig. 1a;
Fig. 2a bis Fig. 2d
eine Horizontalschnittansicht im Bereich des Vorspannwiderlagers in Fig. 1a für vier abgewandelte Ausführungsbeispiele;
Fig. 3
eine Frontansicht von sechs vorgespannten Keramikbauelementen, die sich darin unterscheiden, daß sie aus einem oder unterschiedlich vielen Keramikkörpermodulen zusammengesetzt sind;
Fig. 4a
eine Seitenansicht im Bereich der Zwischenfuge mit an der Zwischenfugeneinlage einstückig angeformtem Befestigungsarm;
Fig. 4b
eine Schnittansicht entlang Linie B-B in Fig. 4a;
Fig. 5a und Fig. 5b
den Fig. 4a und 4b entsprechende Darstellungen eines abgewandelten Ausführungsbeispiels mit in die Zwischenfugeneinlage hakenförmig untergreifendem Befestigungsarm;
Fig. 6a
Frontansicht einer vor einer Gebäudewand aufgehängten hinterlüfteten Fassadenwandkonstruktion mit vorgespannten Fassadenplatten;
Fig. 6b
Draufsicht in Fig. 6a von oben;
Fig. 6c
Seitenansicht in Fig. 6a, teilweise geschnitten;
Fig. 7a
Frontansicht einer vor einer Gebäudewand in einer ortsfesten Tragkonstruktion aufgehängten Fassadenwand mit um ihre mittlere Horizontalachse schwenkbar gelagerten Flügeln aus vorgespannten plattenförmigen Keramikbauelementen;
Fig. 7b
Seitenansicht in Fig. 7a;
Fig. 8a
Frontansicht einer Brückenkonstruktion, mit beidseitig jeweils drei Stufen und einem Brückenpodest, bestehend aus horizontal angeordneten vorgespannten plattenförmigen Keramikbauelementen, und einem Geländer, bestehend aus einem vertikal angeordneten plattenförmigen Keramikbauelement;
Fig. 8b
Seitenansicht in Fig. 8a von links;
Fig. 8c
Draufsicht in Fig. 8a von oben;
Fig. 9a
Frontansicht einer vor einer Gebäudewand in einer am Gebäude befestigten Tragkonstruktion angeordneten Verbindung aus Baguettes;
Fig. 9b
Seitenansicht in Fig. 9a;
Fig. 9c Fig. 10a
Schnittansicht eines Baguettes entlang Linie C-C in Fig. 9a; Querschnittsansicht von Keramikkörpem mit unterschiedlich ausgebildeten Querschnitten und unterschiedlicher Anordnung und Ausgestaltung von Durchgangslöchern;
Fig. 10b
eine Fig. 10a entsprechende Darstellung weiterer Ausführungen von Keramikkörpern;
In the following, embodiments will be described with reference to figures. Showing:
Fig. 1a
a sectional front view of a plate-shaped prestressed ceramic component, consisting of two ceramic body modules;
Fig. 1b
a horizontal sectional view taken along line BB in Fig. 1a;
Fig. 1c Fig. 1d
a vertical sectional view taken along line CC in Fig. 1a; a side view in Fig. 1a;
Fig. 2a to Fig. 2d
a horizontal sectional view in the region of the Vorspannwiderlagers in Fig. 1a for four modified embodiments;
Fig. 3
a front view of six biased ceramic devices, which differ in that they are composed of one or different ceramic body modules;
Fig. 4a
a side view in the region of the intermediate joint with integrally formed on the Zwischenfugeneinlage mounting arm;
Fig. 4b
a sectional view taken along line BB in Fig. 4a;
Fig. 5a and Fig. 5b
Figures 4a and 4b corresponding representations of a modified embodiment with hook-shaped in the Zwischenfugeneinlage under cross-mounting arm.
Fig. 6a
Front view of a ventilated façade wall construction with prestressed facade panels suspended in front of a building wall;
Fig. 6b
Top view in Figure 6a from above.
Fig. 6c
Side view in Figure 6a, partially cut.
Fig. 7a
Front view of a facade wall suspended in front of a building wall in a fixed support structure with wings of prestressed plate-shaped ceramic components pivotally mounted about its central horizontal axis;
Fig. 7b
Side view in Fig. 7a;
Fig. 8a
Front view of a bridge construction, with three steps on each side and a bridge platform, consisting of horizontally arranged prestressed plate-shaped ceramic components, and a railing, consisting of a vertically arranged plate-shaped ceramic component;
Fig. 8b
Side view in Fig. 8a from the left;
Fig. 8c
Top view in Figure 8a from above.
Fig. 9a
Front view of a compound of baguettes arranged in front of a building wall in a supporting structure fastened to the building;
Fig. 9b
Side view in Fig. 9a;
Fig. 9c Fig. 10a
Sectional view of a baguette along line CC in Fig. 9a; Cross-sectional view of Keramikkörpem with differently shaped cross sections and different arrangement and design of through holes;
Fig. 10b
a representation corresponding to FIG. 10a of further embodiments of ceramic bodies;

Bei den in den Fig. 1a bis 1d dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen handelt es sich um ein vorgespanntes plattenförmiges Bauelement. Es weist einen plattenförmigen Keramikkörper 1 auf, der von zwei Vorspannzuggliedern 2 durchgriffen wird. Die Vorspannzugglieder 2 sind in an voneinander abgewandten Stirnseiten des Keramikkörpers 1 abgestützten Vorspannwiderlagern 3 im Bereich ihrer Stirnenden eingespannt und damit auf Zug beaufschlagt. Der Keramikkörper 1 ist dadurch auf Druck beaufschlagt.In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1a to 1d is a biased plate-shaped component. It has a plate-shaped ceramic body 1, which is penetrated by two Vorspannzuggliedern 2. The Vorspannzugglieder 2 are clamped in supported on opposite end faces of the ceramic body 1 Vorspannwiderlagern 3 in the region of their front ends and thus acted upon train. The ceramic body 1 is thereby pressurized.

Die Vorspannzugglieder 2 sind als gerade Zugstäbe ausgebildet, bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel als Metallstangen. Sie durchgreifen den plattenförmigen Keramikkörper 1 in Längsrichtung. Sie sind dabei zueinander parallel mit gegenseitigem Abstand angeordnet und verlaufen mit Abstand und parallel zu den gegenüberliegenden Längskanten des Keramikkörpers 1. Jedes Vorspannzugglied 2, d.h. jeder Zugstab ist in einem längs verlaufenden Durchgangsloch 4 angeordnet. Der Zugstab verläuft dabei jeweils in der axialen Längsmittelachse des Durchgangsloches 4 mit radialem Abstand zu der Lochwandung. Bei dem dargestelltem Ausführungsbeispiel sind zwischen den Durchgangslöchern 4, in denen die Vorspannzugstäbe 2 verlaufen, sechs weitere parallele Durchgangslöcher 4 angeordnet, in denen keine Vorspannzugglieder 2 angeordnet sind. Außerdem ist noch jeweils zwischen den äußeren Längskanten und dem das Vorspannzugglied aufnehmenden Durchgangsloch 4 ein Durchgangsloch 4 angeordnet, in dem ebenfalls kein Vorspannzugglied 2 aufgenommen ist. Sämtliche Durchgangslöcher 4 sind bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel in einer gemeinsamen Ebene angeordnet, die die Längsmittelebene zwischen der Frontseite und der Rückseite des plattenförmigen Keramikkörpers 1 bildet.The Vorspannzugglieder 2 are designed as straight tie rods, in the illustrated embodiment as metal bars. They pass through the plate-shaped ceramic body 1 in the longitudinal direction. They are arranged parallel to each other at a mutual distance and extend at a distance and parallel to the opposite longitudinal edges of the ceramic body 1. Each Vorspannzugglied 2, i. Each pull rod is arranged in a longitudinal through-hole 4. The tension rod runs in each case in the axial longitudinal central axis of the through hole 4 at a radial distance from the hole wall. In the illustrated embodiment, six further parallel through-holes 4 are arranged between the through holes 4, in which the Vorspannzugstäbe 2 extend, in which no Vorspannzugglieder 2 are arranged. In addition, in each case between the outer longitudinal edges and the Vorspannzugglied receiving through hole 4, a through hole 4 is arranged, in which also no Vorspannzugglied 2 is added. All through holes 4 are arranged in the embodiment in a common plane, which forms the longitudinal center plane between the front side and the back of the plate-shaped ceramic body 1.

Die Vorspannwiderlager 3 sind bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel in Fig. 1a bis c als Schraubverbindung ausgebildet. Die Enden der Vorspannzugstäbe 2 sind mit Außengewinde versehen, auf die die Vorspannwiderlager 3 aufgeschraubt sind. Die Vorspannwiderlager 3 weisen hierfür ein Innengewindeglied auf. Wie in den Fig. 1a und 1b zu erkennen ist, ist bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel das Innengewindeglied des Vorspannwiderlagers 3 als Schraubmutter 3a ausgebildet, die unter Zwischenschaltung einer Druckscheibe 3b auf das Außengewinde des Vorspannzugglieds aufgeschraubt ist. Die Druckscheibe 3b liegt dabei auf einer auf der Stirnseite des Keramikkörpers 1 aufliegenden druckfesten Abschlußplatte 1a auf. An beiden Stirnenden des den Keramikkörper 1 in dem Durchgangsloch 2 durchgreifenden Vorspannzugstab 2 sind in der oben beschriebenen Weise identisch aufgebaute Vorspannwiderlager 3 angeordnet. Bei angezogenen Vorspannwiderlagern werden die Vorspannzugstäbe 2 auf Zug und der Keramikkörper 1 auf Druck vorgespannt. Bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel stützen sich die Vorspannzugstäbe 2 ausschließlich an den Vorspannwiderlagern 3 ab, ohne daß die Vorspannzugstäbe 2 etwa im Bereich der Wandung der Durchgangslöcher 4 den Keramikkörper 1 berühren.The Vorspannwiderlager 3 are formed in the illustrated embodiment in Fig. 1a to c as a screw connection. The ends of the Vorspannzugstäbe 2 are provided with external thread on which the Vorspannwiderlager 3 are screwed. The Vorspannwiderlager 3 have for this purpose an internal thread. As can be seen in FIGS. 1a and 1b, in the illustrated embodiment, the internal thread of the Vorspannwiderlagers 3 is formed as a screw nut 3a, the interposition of a thrust washer 3b on the external thread of the Vorspannzugglieds is screwed. The thrust washer 3b rests on a resting on the end face of the ceramic body 1 pressure-resistant end plate 1a. At both ends of the ceramic body 1 in the through hole 2 by cross-biasing tension rod 2 identically constructed Vorspannwiderlager 3 are arranged in the manner described above. When tightened Vorspannwiderlagern the Vorspannzugstäbe 2 are biased to train and the ceramic body 1 to pressure. In the illustrated embodiment, the Vorspannzugstäbe 2 based exclusively on the Vorspannwiderlagern 3, without the Vorspannzugstäbe 2 touch the ceramic body 1 approximately in the region of the wall of the through holes 4.

In den Fig. 2a bis 2d sind diverse abgewandelte Ausführungen von Vorspannwiderlagern 3 dargestellt. Das Vorspannwiderlager in Fig. 2a entspricht in seinem Aufbau den Widerlagern, wie sie bei dem vorangehend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel in den Fig. 1a und 1b dargestellt sind.FIGS. 2 a to 2 d show various modified embodiments of preload abutments 3. The preload abutment in Fig. 2a corresponds in its construction to the abutments, as shown in the above-described embodiment in Figs. 1a and 1b.

Fig. 2c zeigt eine versenkte Anordnung des Vorspannwiderlagers 3, wobei dieses Vorspannwiderlager aus entsprechenden Bauteilen zusammengesetzt ist, wie das Vorspannwiderlager in Fig. 2a. In Fig. 2c ist lediglich ein Senkloch 1l im Bereich des Stirnendes des Durchgangslochs 4 ausgebildet. In diesem Senkloch 1l ist das Vorspannwiderlager angeordnet, das in seinem Aufbau dem Vorspannwiderlager in Fig. 2a entspricht. Das mit Außengewinde versehene Ende des Vorspannzugglieds 2 endet in dem Senkloch 11, die Druckscheibe 3b ist auf dem Grund des Senklochs 1I abgestützt. Das Gewindeende des Vorspannzugstabs 2 durchgreift die Druckscheibe 3b. Die Spannmutter 3a ist auf dem Gewindeende aufgeschraubt und erbringt unter Abstützung auf der Druckscheibe 3b die Vorspannung. Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel in Fig. 2b handelt es sich um eine aufliegende Anordnung des Vorspannwiderlagers als Vorspannschraubglied ist in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel eine Imbusschraube 3i mit Innengewinde vorgesehen. Diese Imbusschraube greift in das Durchgangsloch ein und stützt sich mit ihrem Kopf auf der Stirnseite des Keramikkörpers 1 unter Zwischenschaltung der Druckscheibe 3b ab. Die mit dem Gewindeende des Vorspannzugstabs 2 verschraubte Imbusschraube erzeugt mit dem Anziehen der Imbusschraube die Vorspannung.Fig. 2c shows a recessed arrangement of the preload abutment 3, this preload abutment being composed of corresponding components, such as the preload abutment in Fig. 2a. In Fig. 2c, only one countersunk hole 1l is formed in the region of the front end of the through hole 4. In this countersunk hole 1l the Vorspannwiderlager is arranged, which corresponds in its structure to the Vorspannwiderlager in Fig. 2a. The externally threaded end of the biasing tension member 2 terminates in the counterbore 11, the pressure washer 3b is supported on the bottom of the counterbore 1I. The threaded end of the Vorspannzugstabs 2 passes through the thrust washer 3b. The clamping nut 3a is screwed onto the threaded end and provides support under pressure on the pressure plate 3b the bias. In the embodiment in Fig. 2b is an overlying arrangement of the Vorspannwiderlagers as Vorspannschraubglied an Allen screw 3i is provided with internal thread in this embodiment. This Allen screw engages in the through hole and is supported with its head on the end face of the ceramic body 1 with the interposition of the pressure plate 3b. The screwed with the threaded end of Vorspannzugstabs 2 Allen screw generated by tightening the Allen screw, the bias.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel in Fig. 2d ist eine Kupplungshülse 3h mit beidseitigem Innengewinde vorgesehen, die in dem Stirnende des Durchgangslochs 2 versenkt angeordnet ist, wobei sie mit ihrem einen Ende mit dem Innengewinde auf der einen Seite mit dem Gewindeende des Vorspannzugstabs 2 verschraubt ist und mit dem Innengewinde auf ihrer anderen Seite eine Spannschraube 3s aufnimmt, die eine Kontermutter 3k aufweist. Die Spannschraube 3s wird in das entsprechende Innengewinde der Kupplungshülse 3h eingeschraubt. Dabei stützt sich die Kontermutter 3k auf dem Rand einer hutförmigen Druckscheibe 3t auf, die an der Stirnseite des Keramikkörpers 1 abgestützt in das Durchgangsloch 2 unter Aufnahme der Kupplungshülse 3h eingreift.In the embodiment in Fig. 2d, a coupling sleeve 3h is provided with double-sided internal thread, which is sunk in the front end of the through hole 2, wherein it is screwed with its one end to the internal thread on one side with the threaded end of Vorspannzugstabs 2 and with the female thread on its other side receives a clamping screw 3s, which has a lock nut 3k. The clamping screw 3s is screwed into the corresponding internal thread of the coupling sleeve 3h. In this case, the lock nut 3k is supported on the edge of a hat-shaped thrust washer 3t, which engages supported on the end face of the ceramic body 1 in the through hole 2 while receiving the coupling sleeve 3h.

Derartige Vorspannwiderlager 3 können jeweils an beiden Stirnenden der Vorspannzugglieder 2 angeordnet sein. Bei abgewandelten Ausführungen können jedoch derartige einstellbare Vorspannwiderlager 3 auch nur an einem Stirnende vorgesehen sein, während am anderen Stirnende der Vorspannzugglieder jeweils ein nicht einstellbares Widerlager angeordnet sein kann, das z. B. lediglich als Scheibe ausgebildet sein kann, die mit dem Vorspannzugglied fest verbunden ist und sich an der Stirnseite des Keramikkörpers 1 abstützt.Such preload abutment 3 can be arranged in each case on both front ends of the biasing tension members 2. In modified embodiments, however, such adjustable Vorspannwiderlager 3 may be provided only at one end, while at the other end of the Vorspannzugglieder each a non-adjustable abutment can be arranged, the z. B. may be formed only as a disc which is fixedly connected to the biasing tension member and is supported on the end face of the ceramic body 1.

Der Keramikkörper 1 ist bei dem in den Fig. 1a bis 1d dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen aus zwei hintereinander angeordneten Keramikkörpermodulen 1m zusammengesetzt. Die Keramikkörpermodule 1m sind identisch ausgebildet. Sie grenzen mit ihren aneinander zugewandten Stirnseiten aneinander unter Zwischenschaltung einer druckfesten Fugenzwischenlage 1f. Die Fugenzwischenlage 1f weist identische Lochung wie die Keramikkörpermodule 1m auf. Die Vorspannzugstäbe 2 durchgreifen jeweils beide fluchtend hintereinander angeordnete Keramikkörpermodule 1m und verspannen diese gegeneinander, wenn die Vorspannwiderlager 3 angezogen sind. Bei abgewandelten Ausführungen können die Keramikkörpermodule 1m und/oder die Fugenzwischenlagen 1f auch unterschiedlich ausgebildet sein.The ceramic body 1 is composed in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1a to 1d of two successively arranged ceramic body modules 1m. The ceramic body modules 1m are identical. They border with their facing end faces together with the interposition of a pressure-resistant joint liner 1f. The joint liner 1f has identical perforations as the ceramic body modules 1m. The Vorspannzugstäbe 2 pass through both aligned one behind the other arranged ceramic body modules 1m and clamp them against each other when the Vorspannwiderlager 3 are tightened. In modified embodiments, the ceramic body modules 1m and / or the joint liners 1f may also be designed differently.

Abweichend von dem in den Fig. 1a und 1b dargestellten Aufbau des Keramikkörpers 1 aus zwei Keramikkörpermodulen 1m kann bei abgewandelten Ausführungsbeispielen der Keramikkörper 1 auch aus mehr als zwei Keramikkörpermodulen 1m zusammengesetzt sein, er kann aber auch nur aus einem einzigen Keramikkörpermodul 1m ausgebildet sein. Solche verschieden Varianten sind in Fig. 3 dargestellt. Die Verspannung der Keramikkörpermodule 1m erfolgt jeweils in entsprechender Weise wie bei dem zuvor beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1 über Vorspannzugglieder 2, die jeweils den gesamten Keramikkörper 1 durchgreifen und über nicht dargestellte stirnseitig angeordnete Vorspannwiderlager 3 vorgespannt werden.Notwithstanding the structure shown in FIGS. 1a and 1b of the ceramic body 1 of two ceramic body modules 1m, the ceramic body 1 can also be made of more than two in modified embodiments Ceramic body modules 1m be composed, but it can also be formed only from a single ceramic body module 1m. Such different variants are shown in FIG. The bracing of the ceramic body modules 1m takes place respectively in a corresponding manner as in the previously described embodiment of FIG. 1 via biasing tension members 2, each of which pass through the entire ceramic body 1 and are biased via not shown frontally arranged Vorspannwiderlager 3.

Um die vorgespannten plattenförmigen Keramikkörper in einem Bauwerk oder einer anderweitigen ortsfesten Tragkonstruktion abstützen und befestigen zu können, können an dem Keramikkörper 1 Tragarme 5 angreifen. Bei dem in Fig. 4 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Tragarm 5 einstückig mit der Fugenzwischenlage 1f verbunden. Wie aus der Darstellung in Fig. 4a zu erkennen ist, kragt der Tragarm 5 rechtwinklig von der Rückseite des plattenförmigen Keramikkörpers 1 aus. Bei abgewandelten Ausführungen kann der Lagerarm auch mit von 90° abweichendem Winkel auskragend ausgebildet sein. Dadurch, daß die Fugenzwischenlager 1f durch die gegenseitig verspannten Keramikkörpermodule 1m fest eingespannt und drehfest starr im Keramikkörper 1 zwischen den Modulen 1m gehalten ist, steht der einstückig und starr mit der Fugenzwischenlage 1f verbundene Tragarm 5 mit dem Keramikkörper 1 druckfest vom Keramikkörper auskragend ab.To support the prestressed plate-shaped ceramic body in a building or other stationary support structure and fasten, can attack on the ceramic body 1 support arms 5. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4, the support arm 5 is integrally connected to the joint liner 1f. As can be seen from the illustration in FIG. 4 a, the support arm 5 projects at a right angle from the rear side of the plate-shaped ceramic body 1. In modified embodiments of the bearing arm may be formed projecting with angle deviating from 90 °. Characterized in that the joint intermediate storage 1f firmly clamped by the mutually strained ceramic body modules 1m and rotationally fixed rigidly in the ceramic body 1 between the modules 1m, is integrally and rigidly connected to the joint liner 1f support arm 5 with the ceramic body 1 pressure-resistant protruding from the ceramic body.

In den Fig. 5a und 5b ist eine abgewandelte Tragarmkonstruktion dargestellt. Der Tragarm 5 ist dort ebenfalls im Fugenzwischenbereich angeordnet. Er ist jedoch nicht einstückig mit der Fugenzwischenlage 1f verbunden, sondern als separater Arm 5 ausgebildet, der mit einer hakenförmigen Aufnahme 5a an seinem Ende versehen ist und in eine Aufnahmerille eines scheibenförmigen Fugenzwischenlagers 1s diese untergreifend eingreift und über eine Klemmschraubenverbindung 5k an dem scheibenförmigen Fugenzwischenlager 1f fixiert wird. Die Klemmschraubenverbindung 5k besteht aus einer Klemmschraube 5s, die in einer mit dem Tragarm 5 fest verbundenen Gewindehülse 5h eingeschraubt ist und mit ihrem Klemmschraubenende bei angezogener Klemmschraube 5s in die Aufnahmerille des Fugenzwischenlagers 1s klemmend eingreift. Wie aus der Schnittdarstellung Fig. 5b zu erkennen ist, ist das scheibenförmige Fugenzwischenlager 1s aus einer inneren Scheibe mit kleinem Durchmesser und zwei axial äußeren Scheiben mit größerem Durchmesser zusammengesetzt. Diese Scheibeneinrichtung 1s ist in dem Fugenbereich zwischen den Keramikkörpermodulen 1m angeordnet und wird im verspannten Zustand durch die Keramikkörpermodule 1m fest verspannt gehalten. Die Scheibeneinrichtung 1s weist ein zentrales Durchgangsloch auf, das von dem Vorspannzugstab 2 koaxial mit Spiel durchgriffen wird. Das Fugenzwischenlager 1s kann bei abgewandelten Ausführungen auch ohne Aufnahmerille, vorzugsweise als zylinderförmiger Lagerkörper, ausgebildet sein.FIGS. 5a and 5b show a modified support arm construction. The support arm 5 is also arranged there in the joint intermediate area. However, it is not integrally connected to the joint liner 1f, but formed as a separate arm 5, which is provided with a hook-shaped receptacle 5a at its end and engages in a receiving groove of a disc-shaped joint intermediate storage 1s this cross and a clamping screw connection 5k at the disc-shaped joint intermediate storage 1f is fixed. The clamping screw connection 5k consists of a clamping screw 5s, which is screwed into a fixedly connected to the support arm 5 threaded sleeve 5h and engages with its clamping screw end with tightened clamping screw 5s in the receiving groove of the joint intermediate bearing 1s clamping. As can be seen from the sectional view Fig. 5b, the disc-shaped joint intermediate storage is 1s of an inner disc with a small diameter and composed of two axially outer discs of larger diameter. This disk device 1s is arranged in the joint area between the ceramic body modules 1m and is held firmly clamped in the clamped state by the ceramic body modules 1m. The disk device 1s has a central through-hole, which is penetrated by the bias tension rod 2 coaxial with game. The joint intermediate bearing 1s may also be designed without receiving groove, preferably as a cylindrical bearing body, in modified embodiments.

Entsprechend aufgebaute Tragarme 5 können auch im Bereich der Stirnenden der Keramikkörper 1 angeordnet sein oder zur Befestigung z.B. an den über die Vorspannwiderlager 3 nach außen stehenden Enden der Vorspannzugstäbe 2 angreifen und dort drehfest fixiert sein. Alternativ oder zusätzlich können die Tragarme 5 jedoch auch unmittelbar an Bauteilen des Vorspannwiderlagers 3 befestigt werden oder mit diesen verbunden sein.Correspondingly constructed support arms 5 can also be arranged in the region of the front ends of the ceramic body 1 or for fastening e.g. engage the over the Vorspannwiderlager 3 outward ends of the Vorspannzugstäbe 2 and fixed there against rotation. Alternatively or additionally, however, the support arms 5 can also be attached directly to components of the Vorspannwiderlagers 3 or connected to these.

In Fig. 6 ist eine vorgehängte hinterlüftete Fassadenwand dargestellt. Sie besteht aus vorgespannten keramischen Fassadenplatten 10, die an einer Gebäudewand 11 angebrachten Unterkonstruktion 12 befestigt sind. Die vorgespannten Fassadenplatten 10 entsprechen in ihrem Aufbau den in den vorangehend beschriebenen Figuren dargestellten vorgespannten Bauelementen. Jede Fassadenplatte 10 in Fig. 6 besteht aus fünf miteinander verspannten in Längsrichtung hintereinander angeordneten plattenförmigen Modulen 10m, die jeweils identisch aufgebaut sind. Jede derart der zusammengesetzten Fassadenplatten 10 ist jeweils von zwei Vorspannzugsgliedem 2 durchgriffen, die über stirnseitig abgestützte Widerlager 3 vorgespannt sind, so daß die Fassadenplatten vorgespannte Bauelemente bilden. Zur ortsfesten Befestigung der vorgespannten Fassadenplatten 10 sind jeweils zwei Tragarme 5 vorgesehen. Sie gehen von der Fugenzwischenlage 1f aus und zwar jeweils von der Fuge zwischen dem stirnseitig endständigen und dem daran angrenzenden Modul 1m. Die Tragarme 5 sind an einer ortsfesten bauseitigen Unterkonstruktion 12 befestigt, die vor der Außenwand 11 eines Gebäudes angeordnet ist. Bei abgewandelten Ausführungen können die Module 10m auch in der Durchschnitts- und/oder Längengestaltung unterschiedlich, vorzugsweise ähnlich ausgebildet sein. Sie können z.B. auch abweichend von der rechteckigen oder runden Querschnittsgestaltung profiliert sein.In Fig. 6, a curtain ventilated facade wall is shown. It consists of prestressed ceramic facade panels 10 which are attached to a building wall 11 mounted substructure 12. The prestressed facade panels 10 correspond in their construction to the prestressed components illustrated in the figures described above. Each facade panel 10 in Fig. 6 consists of five braced together in the longitudinal direction successively arranged plate-shaped modules 10m, which are each constructed identically. Each of the composite facade panels 10 is penetrated in each case by two Vorspannzugsgliedem 2, which are biased on frontally supported abutment 3, so that the facade panels form prestressed components. For stationary attachment of the prestressed facade panels 10 two support arms 5 are provided in each case. They start from the joint interlayer 1f, in each case from the joint between the end-face-end module and the adjacent module 1m. The support arms 5 are fixed to a stationary on-site substructure 12, which is arranged in front of the outer wall 11 of a building. In modified versions, the modules 10m also in the average and / or length design be different, preferably similar. They may, for example, also be profiled differently from the rectangular or round cross-sectional configuration.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel in den Figuren 7a und b sind entsprechend aufgebaute vorgespannte keramische Fassadenplatten 20 in einer gebäudeseitigen ortsfesten Tragkonstruktion 22 eingesetzt. Diese gebäudeseitige Tragkonstruktion 22 besteht aus ortsfest montierten vertikalen Trägem 22, an denen die vorgespannten plattenförmigen Bauelemente 20 um eine horizontale Drehachse 20h schwenkbar gelagert sind. Hierfür sind an den vertikalen Trägem 22 entsprechende Drehlager angeordnet, in denen die vorgespannten Elemente drehbar eingehängt sind. Der in die Drehlager eingreifende Lagerzapfen kann durch die über die Stirnenden herausstehenden Enden der Vorspannzugstäbe 2 gebildet werden. Alternativ können aber auch entsprechende separate Lagerstäbe vorgesehen sein, die in den vorgespannten Keramikbauteilen, vorzugsweise den Keramikkörper 1 durchgreifend, ohne Vorspannung angeordnet sein können. Die schwenkbeweglich gelagerten Fassadenplatten 20 bilden bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel in Fig. 7 einstellbare Belichtungs- und Belüftungsflügel.In the exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 7 a and b, appropriately constructed prestressed ceramic facade panels 20 are used in a building-side stationary support structure 22. This building-side support structure 22 consists of fixedly mounted vertical supports 22, on which the prestressed plate-shaped components 20 are pivotally mounted about a horizontal axis of rotation 20h. For this purpose, corresponding rotary bearings 22 are arranged on the vertical supports, in which the prestressed elements are mounted rotatably. The engaging in the pivot bearing journals can be formed by the projecting beyond the ends of the ends of Vorspannzugstäbe 2. Alternatively, however, corresponding separate bearing rods can be provided which can be arranged in the prestressed ceramic components, preferably the ceramic body 1, without bias. The pivotally mounted facade panels 20 form in the embodiment in Fig. 7 adjustable exposure and ventilation wings.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel in den Figuren 8a, b und c sind vorgespannte keramische Bauelemente 30, die einen entsprechenden Aufbau wie die Elemente in den vorangehend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen aufweisen, in einer Treppenkonstruktion eingesetzt. Sie sind im Bereich ihrer Stirnenden in seitlichen Stahlwangen 32 abgestützt, indem die durch die Vorspannwiderlager 3 greifenden Stirnenden der Vorspannzugstäbe 2 in Lagern in den seitlichen Stahlwangen 32 eingreifen. Die dargestellte Konstruktion bildet eine Brücke mit jeweils zwei Stufen 34 auf beiden gegenüberliegenden Seiten und einem Verbindungspodest 35, das die beiden oberen Stufen 34 verbindet. Die Stufen 34 auf den beiden Seiten werden jeweils von drei stufig angeordneten vorgespannten plattenförmigen Bauelementen 30 gebildet, das Brückenpodest wird durch die die beiden obersten Stufen bildenden Bauelemente und einem weiteren zwischen diesen angeordneten Bauelement 30 gebildet. In dem Bereich des Brückenpodestes ist noch ein Geländer 36 angeordnet, welches aus drei vertikalen Stahlträgern 36v besteht, an welchen vertikal ausgerichtet ein vorgespanntes plattenförmiges Keramikbauelement 39, bestehend aus zwei plattenförmigen Modulen 39m angeordnet ist. Dieses vorgespannte Bauelement 39 ist über die vertikale Geländerpfosten 36v gehalten, indem die beiden äußeren Pfosten 36v an den Stirnseiten des Bauelements 39 mit den aus den Vorspannlagem 3 ragenden Enden der Vorspannzugstäbe gekuppelt sind und der mittlere Pfosten 36v mit der Fugenzwischenlage verbunden ist, die im Bereich der Fuge zwischen den plattenförmigen Modulen 39m des Keramikbauelements angeordnet ist. Am oberen Ende der Geländerkonstruktion ist ein Handlauf 36h angeordnet, der aus einer Metallstange oder dergleichen ausgebildet sein kann. In Fig. 9 sind stabförmige vorgespannte keramische Bauelemente 40, sogenannte Baguettes, in einem Bauwerk angeordnet, indem die Baguettes 40 jeweils horizontal und parallel mit vertikalem Abstand zueinander in einer gemeinsamen vertikalen Ebene mit horizontalem Abstand parallel zu einer Gebäudewand 48 abgestützt in einer vor der Gebäudewand 48 hängenden Tragkonstruktion 47,angeordnet sind. Die Baguettes 40 sind hierbei über stirnseitig an den Baguettes 40 angreifende Tragarme 5 in der Tragkonstruktion 47 montiert. Die Tragkonstruktion 47 besteht aus vertikalen Profilen 47v, die vor der Gebäudewand 48 über Tragstreben 47t aufgehängt ist. Die vertikalen Profile 47v bilden eine Montageebene, die vertikal ausgerichtet mit Abstand vor der vertikalen Gebäudewand 48 angeordnet ist.In the exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 8a, b and c, prestressed ceramic components 30, which have a corresponding structure as the elements in the exemplary embodiments described above, are used in a staircase construction. They are supported in the region of their front ends in lateral steel cheeks 32, in that the front ends of the pretensioning tie rods 2 which engage through the pretensioning abutment 3 engage in bearings in the lateral steel cheeks 32. The illustrated construction forms a bridge with two steps 34 on both opposite sides and a connecting platform 35 connecting the two upper steps 34. The steps 34 on the two sides are each formed by three prestressed plate-shaped components 30 which are arranged in stages, the bridge pedestal is formed by the components forming the two uppermost stages and a further component 30 arranged between them. In the area of the bridge platform is still a railing 36 is arranged, which consists of three vertical steel beams 36v, at which vertically aligned a biased plate-shaped ceramic component 39, consisting of two plate-shaped modules 39m is arranged. This preloaded Component 39 is held above the vertical railing posts 36v by coupling the two outer posts 36v at the ends of the component 39 to the ends of the biasing tie rods projecting from the biasing pads 3 and connecting the center post 36v to the joint intermediate layer adjacent the joint is arranged between the plate-shaped modules 39m of the ceramic component. At the upper end of the railing construction, a handrail 36h is arranged which may be formed of a metal bar or the like. In Fig. 9 are rod-shaped prestressed ceramic components 40, so-called baguettes, arranged in a building by the baguettes 40 each horizontally and parallel with vertical distance from each other in a common vertical plane with horizontal distance parallel to a building wall 48 supported in front of the building wall 48 hanging support structure 47, are arranged. The baguettes 40 are in this case mounted on the front side of the baguettes 40 attacking support arms 5 in the support structure 47. The support structure 47 consists of vertical profiles 47v, which is suspended in front of the building wall 48 via support struts 47t. The vertical profiles 47v form a mounting plane that is vertically aligned at a distance in front of the vertical building wall 48.

Die Baguettes 40 entsprechen in ihrem grundsätzlichen Aufbau den zuvor beschriebenen vorgespannten plattenförmigen Keramikkörpern. Sie weisen einen stabförmigen Keramikkörper 41 auf. Dieser Körper ist wie in Fig. 9c dargestellt als Hohlprofilkörper mit einem zentralen Profilhohlraum 41h ausgebildet. Der Querschnitt des Profilkörpers ist quadratisch. Der Profilhohlraum weist ebenfalls quadratische Grundform auf, wobei jedoch in den gegenüberliegenden Quadratseiten jeweils mittig, hinterschnittene Ausnehmungen 41a angeordnet sind, die bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel im Querschnitt schwalbenschwanzförmig sind. Diese hinterschnittenen Ausnehmungen 41a sind Nuten, die sich in Längsrichtung des Profils in den gegenüberliegenden Wandungen des Profilhohlraums erstrecken. In dem Profilhohlraum ist ein Vorspannzugelement 42 angeordnet, das bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel als Profil mit kreuzförmigem Profilquerschnitt ausgebildet ist. Die rechtwinklig zueinander angeordneten Profilschenkel sind an ihrem freien Ende jeweils im Querschnitt T-förmig. Diese im Querschnitt T-förmigen Enden greifen in die hinterschnittenen Nuten 41a ein. Das Vorspannzugelement 42 ist mit seinen Stirnenden in an den Stirnseiten des Keramikkörpers 41 abgestützten nicht dargestellten Vorspannwiderlagern eingespannt. Sie können die an den Stirnseiten der Keramikkörper auf dort angeordneten druckfesten Abschlußplatten abgestützt sein. Durch Anziehen der Vorspannwiderlager wird das Vorspannzugglied 42 auf Zug vorgespannt, wodurch der Keramikkörper 41 auf Druck vorgespannt wird. Es wird dadurch das Baguette 40 als vorgespanntes Keramikbauelement ausgebildet. Die über die Tragarme 5 in der ortsfesten Tragkonstruktion horizontal ausgerichtet montierten Baguettes sind aufgrund der Vorspannung hinsichtlich ihrer Biegezugwerte erhöht, so daß sie im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen nicht vorgenannten Baguettes größeren Windbelastungen standhalten und mit größeren Spannweiten gelagert werden können. Durch den Eingriff der radialen Schenkel des Vorspannzuggliedes 42 in die hinterschnittenen Nuten 41a in der Wandung des Profilhohlraums 42h wird eine Bruchabsturzsicherung im Falle des Bruchs der Keramikkörpers erhalten. Dies bedeutet, daß im Falle des Bruchs nicht der gesamte Keramikkörper bzw. alle Bruchstücke abstürzen, sondern der Keramikkörper weitgehend auch nach einem Bruch über die Verhakung des Vorspannzugglieds mit den Ausnehmungen des Keramikkörpers in der Tragkonstruktion gehalten wird. Außerdem wird durch den Eingriff der radial abstehenden Profilschenkel der Vorspannzugelemente 42 eine Verdrehsicherung der Keramikkörper 41 in der Montageposition erhalten.The baguettes 40 correspond in their basic structure to the previously described prestressed plate-shaped ceramic bodies. They have a rod-shaped ceramic body 41. As shown in FIG. 9c, this body is designed as a hollow profile body with a central profile cavity 41h. The cross section of the profile body is square. The profile cavity also has a square basic shape, but in the opposite square sides in each case centrally, undercut recesses 41a are arranged, which are dovetail-shaped in cross section in the illustrated embodiment. These undercut recesses 41a are grooves which extend in the longitudinal direction of the profile in the opposite walls of the profile cavity. In the profile cavity, a bias tension member 42 is arranged, which is formed in the illustrated embodiment as a profile with cross-shaped profile cross-section. The mutually perpendicular profile legs are T-shaped at their free end in each case in cross section. These T-shaped ends in cross-section engage in the undercut grooves 41 a. The Vorspannzugelement 42 is supported with its front ends in on the end faces of the ceramic body 41 Clamped not shown Vorspannwiderlagern. You can be supported on the end faces of the ceramic body arranged there pressure-resistant end plates. By tightening the preload abutment, the biasing tension member 42 is biased to tension, biasing the ceramic body 41 under pressure. It is thereby formed the baguette 40 as a biased ceramic component. The horizontally aligned over the support arms 5 mounted in the stationary support structure Baguettes are increased due to the bias in terms of their bending tensile values, so that they can withstand larger wind loads compared to conventional non-aforementioned baguettes and can be stored with larger spans. By the engagement of the radial legs of the biasing tension member 42 in the undercut grooves 41a in the wall of the profile cavity 42h a break fall protection is obtained in case of breakage of the ceramic body. This means that in the case of fracture does not crash the entire ceramic body or all fragments, but the ceramic body is largely maintained even after a break on the entanglement of Vorspannzugglieds with the recesses of the ceramic body in the supporting structure. In addition, 42 obtained by the engagement of the radially projecting profile legs of the biasing tension elements a rotation of the ceramic body 41 in the mounting position.

In Fig. 10a sind Keramikkörper 101 dargestellt, die zur Ausbildung eines baguetteartigen vorgespannten Keramikbauelements eingesetzt werden können. Sie weisen jeweils einen Profilhohlraum 101h auf, der sich in Längsrichtung des Profilkörpers axial erstreckt und in dem ein oder mehrere nicht dargestellte Vorspannzugglieder angeordnet werden können. Der Außenquerschnitt der Keramikkörper 101 ist bei den verschiedenen Ausführungen unterschiedlich, das heißt kreisförmig, quadratisch, dreieckig, oval, hexagonal, sternförmig, usw. Der Querschnitt des Profilhohlraums101h ist bei den Ausführungsbeispielen ebenfalls unterschiedlich, und zwar kreisförmig, quadratisch und dreieckig.In Fig. 10a ceramic body 101 are shown, which can be used to form a baguette-type prestressed ceramic component. They each have a profile cavity 101h, which extends axially in the longitudinal direction of the profile body and in which one or more biasing tension members, not shown, can be arranged. The outer cross section of the ceramic bodies 101 is different in the various embodiments, that is circular, square, triangular, oval, hexagonal, star-shaped, etc. The cross-section of the profile cavity 101h is also different in the embodiments, namely circular, square and triangular.

Bei den in Fig. 10a dargestellten Keramikkörpern 102 mit im wesentlichen rechteckigen Außenquerschnitt sind jeweils mehrere in einer Ebene parallel nebeneinander angeordnete Profilhohlräume 102h ausgebildet, wobei in einem oder mehreren dieser Profilhohlräume 102h Vorspannzugelemente anordenbar sind.In the ceramic bodies 102 with a substantially rectangular outer cross section illustrated in FIG. 10a, a plurality of profile cavities 102h arranged parallel to one another in a plane are respectively formed, wherein in one or more of these profile cavities 102h bias tension elements can be arranged.

Zusätzlich zu diesen Profilhohlräumen sind bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel weitere Profilhohlräume 102k mit kleinerem Querschnitt vorhanden. Diese Profilhohlräume sind nicht zur Aufnahme von Vorspannzugelementen vorgesehen, sondern lediglich aus fertigungstechnischen Gründen in Verbindung mit der Trocknung und dem Brennvorgang in dem Keramikkörper vorhanden.In addition to these profile cavities further profile cavities 102k with a smaller cross-section are present in this embodiment. These profile cavities are not provided for receiving Vorspannzugelementen, but only for manufacturing reasons in conjunction with the drying and the firing process in the ceramic body available.

Bei den weiteren in Fig. 10a dargestellten Ausführungen handelt es sich um Keramikkörper 103 und 104. Sie weisen jeweils mehrere parallele Profilhohlräume 103h bzw. 104h auf, die in mehreren zueinander parallelen Ebenen bzw. in zueinander winkelig angeordneten Ebenen angeordnet sind. Auch in diesen Profilhohlräumen 103h bzw. 104h können Vorspannzugelemente eingebracht werden. Zusätzlich sind in den Keramikkörpem 103, 104 auch weitere Profilhohlräume 103k bzw. 104k mit kleinerem Querschnitt vorhanden, die nicht zur Aufnahme von Vorspannzugelementen vorgesehen sind.The further embodiments shown in FIG. 10a are ceramic bodies 103 and 104. They each have a plurality of parallel profile cavities 103h and 104h, which are arranged in a plurality of mutually parallel planes or in mutually angularly arranged planes. Also in these profile cavities 103h and 104h bias tension elements can be introduced. In addition, in the Keramikkörpem 103, 104 and other profile cavities 103k 104k are provided with a smaller cross-section, which are not provided for receiving Vorspannzugelementen.

In Fig. 10b sind weitere abgewandelte Ausführungen von Keramikkörpem dargestellt. Bei den Keramikkörpern 105, 106, 107 und 108 handelt es sich um Hohlprofilkörper mit quadratischem, rundem, dreieckförmigen bzw. ovalem Außenquerschnitt mit jeweils einem zentralen Profilhohlraum 105h, 106h, 107h, 108h mit großer Querschnittsfläche. Weitere Profilhohlräume mit kleinerer Querschnittsfläche sind in dem Profilkörper koaxial um den zentralen Profilhohlraum herum angeordnet. Zur Vorspannung der Bauelemente können Vorspannzugelemente in dem zentralen Profilhohlraum angeordnet werden. Zusätzlich oder alternativ können jedoch auch in den äußeren Profilhohlräumen mit kleinerem Querschnitt Vorspannzugelemente eingesetzt werden.In Fig. 10b further modified versions of Keramikkörpem are shown. The ceramic bodies 105, 106, 107 and 108 are hollow profile bodies with a square, round, triangular or oval outer cross section, each having a central profile cavity 105h, 106h, 107h, 108h with a large cross-sectional area. Further profile cavities with a smaller cross-sectional area are arranged coaxially around the central profile cavity in the profile body. For biasing the components Vorspannzugelemente can be arranged in the central profile cavity. Additionally or alternatively, however, biasing tension elements can also be used in the outer profile cavities with a smaller cross section.

Bei den in Fig. 10b dargestellten weiteren Varianten handelt es sich um keramische Profilkörper 109, 110, 111, 112, die im Querschnitt flügelförmig bzw. tropfenförmig ausgebildet sind und ebenfalls mehrere Profilhohlräume zur Aufnahme von Vorspannzugelementen aufweisen.The further variants shown in FIG. 10b are ceramic profile bodies 109, 110, 111, 112 which are wing-shaped or teardrop-shaped in cross-section and also have a plurality of profile cavities for receiving bias tension elements.

Ausgehend von den in den Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen sind diverse Abwandlungen möglich, beispielsweise Abwandlungen, bei denen in der Wandung der Profilhohlräume Ausnehmungen, insbesondere hinterschnittene Längsnuten ausgebildet sind, in die die Vorspannzugelemente oder mit den Vorspannzugelementen verbundene radiale Schenkel oder radiale Arme oder separate nicht vorgespannte Ankerelemente eingreifen, um eine Verdrehsicherung und/oder Bruchabsturzsicherung zu bilden. Bei entsprechender kantiger Ausgestaltung des Hohlraumquerschnitts kann die Verdrehsicherung und/oder Bruchabsturzsicherung auch dadurch erhalten werden, daß die Vorspannzugelemente oder separate Ankerelemente, die den Keramikkörper durch den Hohlraum hindurch durchgreifen, entsprechend komplementär ausgestaltet werden. Die Vorspannzugelemente und/oder die Ankerelemente können vorzugsweise aus Metall, z.B. Aluminium oder Stahl ausgebildet sein, andere Werkstoffe z.B. Kunststoffe, Glasfaser und Verbundwerkstoffe können jedoch ebenfalls zum Einsatz kommen.Starting from the embodiments illustrated in the figures, various modifications are possible, for example, modifications in which in the wall of the profile cavities recesses, in particular undercut longitudinal grooves are formed, in which the Vorspannzugelemente or connected to the Vorspannzugelementen radial legs or radial arms or separate non-biased anchor elements engage to form a rotation and / or crash protection. With a corresponding angular configuration of the cavity cross section, the anti-rotation and / or crash protection can also be obtained in that the Vorspannzugelemente or separate anchor elements, which pass through the ceramic body through the cavity, are designed to be complementary. The biasing tension elements and / or the anchor elements may preferably be formed of metal, for example aluminum or steel, but other materials such as plastics, glass fiber and composite materials may also be used.

Ferner sind Ausführungsbeispiele möglich, bei denen das Vorspannzugelement, vorzugsweise als separates Bauteil, das Ankerelement durchgreift. Hierfür kann vorgesehen sein, daß das Ankerelement einen z.B. rohrförmigen Körper aufweist, den das Vorspannzugelement z.B. als Zugstab durchgreift.Furthermore, embodiments are possible in which the biasing tension element, preferably as a separate component, engages through the anchor element. For this purpose, it can be provided that the anchor element is a e.g. tubular body which the biasing tension member has e.g. as a pull rod passes through.

Claims (33)

  1. Curtain-wall facade structure
    having a preferably stationary load-bearing structure arranged on or in front of a building wall, preferably an exterior wall of a building, and having one or more ceramic facade elements which are fitted on the load-bearing structure and have a single-part or multi-part ceramic body (1, 10, 20, 30, 39, 40, 101, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111),
    the ceramic body being designed as an elongate or panel-like structural element,
    characterized in that the ceramic body can be subjected to bending stress and/or tensile stress and is mounted on the load-bearing structure via a fastening means (5, 5a) with support at spaced-apart bearing points;
    in that the ceramic body has at least one prestressing tendon (2) which engages through and/or along the ceramic body and has prestressing abutments (3) arranged at opposite ends of the prestressing tendon (2), the prestressing abutment being supported in the region of opposite ends of the ceramic body, with the ceramic body being prestressed in the process, and
    in that the fastening means (5, 5a), via which the ceramic body is mounted on the load-bearing structure, is arranged or connected in the region of the end of the ceramic structural element and/or in the region of the prestressing abutment and/or in the region of an end of the prestressing tendon (2) which projects out of the prestressing abutment (3) and/or in the region of a joint (1s, 1f) between two or more ceramic modules (1m, 10m) which form the ceramic structural element and are arranged in a row one behind the other.
  2. Facade structure according to Claim 1, characterized by the provision of a plurality of prestressing tendons (2) which are arranged parallel to one another in a common plane and engage through and/or along the ceramic body.
  3. Facade structure according to Claim 1, characterized by the provision of a plurality of prestressing tendons (2) which are not arranged in a common plane and engage through and/or along the ceramic body.
  4. Facade structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ceramic body has at least one through-hole (4) which has the at least one prestressing tendon (2) or a plurality of the prestressing tendons (2) engaging through it.
  5. Facade structure according to Claim 4, characterized in that the ceramic body has a plurality of through-holes (4), a plurality of the through-holes (4) each having one or more prestressing tendons (2) engaging through them.
  6. Facade structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ceramic body has a plurality of through-holes (4), of which at least one does not have any of the prestressing tendons (2) engaging through it.
  7. Facade structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, by way of a portion which is arranged between its ends provided with the prestressing abutments (3), the prestressing tendon (2) interacts with the ceramic body, is preferably in direct contact with the ceramic body and/or engages in a preferably undercut recess of the through-hole (4), or in that, in the region between its prestressing abutments (3), rather than being arranged in contact with the ceramic body, the prestressing tendon (2) is preferably spaced apart from the wall of the through-hole (4).
  8. Facade structure according to one of Claims 9 to 12, characterized in that a filling material is accommodated in the through-hole (4) accommodating the prestressing tendon (2).
  9. Facade structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the prestressing tendon (2) is designed as a largely rigid element of preferably solid cross section, e.g. as a rod, in particular round rod, e.g. made of metal, or is designed as a largely elastic element of preferably solid cross section, e.g. as a rod, in particular plastic rod, or is made of fibre material, glass fibre or composite fibre material.
  10. Facade structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the prestressing tendon (2) is formed from strands, preferably from strands of bundled-together metal rods or from strands made of wire, e.g. wire cables or from strands made of synthetic fibres.
  11. Facade structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ceramic body has a common single-part or multi-part prestressing tendon (2) engaging through it.
  12. Facade structure according to Claim 11, characterized in that the multi-part prestressing tendon (2) comprises at least two prestressing-tendon portions which each engage through just one of, or a plurality of, the ceramic-body modules and are coupled via a connecting element, preferably a connecting sleeve, preferably in the region of a joint between two ceramic-body modules.
  13. Facade structure according to Claim 11 or 12, characterized in that adjacent ceramic-body modules (1m, 10m) are arranged with direct surface-area abutment, preferably full-surface-area abutment, or more or less punctiform abutment, preferably partial-surface-area abutment or abutment over a small surface area, in relation to one another or with the interposition of an intermediate-joint insert (1f, 1s), e.g. a compression-resistant panel, in particular made of plastic, metal or the like, provision preferably being made for the intermediate-joint insert to have a smooth surface or structured surface.
  14. Facade structure according to Claim 13, characterized in that, in terms of cross section, the intermediate-joint insert (1f, 1s) corresponds to the cross section of the ceramic-body module, is preferably designed to be of equal size to the cross section of the ceramic-body module and/or is designed to be larger than, or smaller than, the cross section of the ceramic-body module.
  15. Facade structure according to Claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the intermediate-joint insert (1f, 1s) is designed in a compression-resistant manner at least for the purpose of absorbing the prestressing force.
  16. Facade structure according to one of Claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the intermediate-joint insert (1f, 1s) has an arrangement of holes, this arrangement having a hole at least in the region of the through-running prestressing tendon (2) and/or being designed to be identical to, or different from, the arrangement of holes of the ceramic-body module.
  17. Facade structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the prestressing abutment (3) is arranged such that it rests on, and engages over, the end side of the ceramic body or such that it is fully or partially recessed in the ceramic body.
  18. Facade structure according to Claim 17, characterized in that the prestressing abutment (3) is designed as a screw connection and/or clamping device, e.g. clamping-jaw structure.
  19. Facade structure according to Claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the prestressing abutment (3) has a pressure-exerting plate, preferably pressure-exerting disc, which is supported externally on the end side of the ceramic body or internally in a recess in the end side of the ceramic body and is subjected to the action of an outer screw-connection element, e.g. nut or screw head or a structural element of the clamping device.
  20. Facade structure according to one of Claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the prestressing abutment (3) has a connecting sleeve which has one end screw-connected to the end of the prestressing tendon and has its other end screw-connected to a screw or a nut of the prestressing abutment, provision preferably being made for the connecting sleeve to be arranged in a hat-like thrust bearing supported on the end side of the ceramic body.
  21. Facade structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the prestressing abutment (3) is supported on a preferably platelike bearing which is arranged on the end side of the ceramic body and corresponds to the cross section of the ceramic body, in which case it is preferably designed to be equal to and/or larger than, or smaller than, the cross section of the ceramic body, provision preferably being made for the bearing body to be equal to the joint insert in terms of cross section or dimensions.
  22. Facade structure according to one of Claims 17 to 21, characterized in that the prestressing abutment (3) which is arranged on one end side of the prestressing tendon (2) is designed in an adjustable manner for the purpose of adjusting the prestressing and the prestressing abutment which is arranged on the opposite end side of the prestressing tendon (2) is designed in a non-adjustable manner, e.g. as a bearing plate which is, or can be, connected to the prestressing tendon.
  23. Facade structure according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that the ceramic-body modules (1m, 10m) are of identical construction.
  24. Facade structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fastening means (5, 5a) is connected to, preferably formed integrally with, an intermediate-joint insert (1s, 1f), preferably as a load-bearing arm (5) which is integral with the intermediate-joint insert.
  25. Facade structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a load-bearing arm (5) is arranged in the region of one end of the facade element, and it is preferably the case that a respective load-bearing arm is arranged to act at both ends of the facade element.
  26. Facade structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a load-bearing arm is arranged to act in the region of the prestressing abutment.
  27. Facade structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a load-bearing arm is arranged to act in an intermediate-joint region between two modular parts of the multi-part facade element.
  28. Facade structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the facade element is mounted in a non-movable or movable manner on the load-bearing structure.
  29. Facade structure according to Claim 28, characterized in that the facade element is mounted such that it can be rotated about an axis of rotation, a rotary bearing being arranged in the region of one of the prestressing abutments.
  30. Facade structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the prestressed facade element is designed as a facade-wall element which is mounted in a non-movable manner and is supported in a stationary position.
  31. Facade structure according to one of Claims 1 to 30, characterized in that the prestressed facade element is designed as a movably mounted illuminating and/or ventilating wing.
  32. Facade structure according to one of Claims 1 to 31, characterized in that the prestressed facade element is designed as a fixed, preferably horizontally or vertically oriented sun-protection wing.
  33. Facade structure according to one of Claims 1 to 32, characterized in that the prestressed facade element is designed as a movably mounted wing of a sun-protection and/or climate-protection means.
EP20030025578 2002-11-16 2003-11-08 Curtain wall construction with ceramic building elements Expired - Fee Related EP1420124B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2002153494 DE10253494A1 (en) 2002-11-16 2002-11-16 Ceramic element for arrangement in a building
DE10253494 2002-11-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1420124A1 EP1420124A1 (en) 2004-05-19
EP1420124B1 true EP1420124B1 (en) 2007-03-07

Family

ID=32115551

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20030025578 Expired - Fee Related EP1420124B1 (en) 2002-11-16 2003-11-08 Curtain wall construction with ceramic building elements

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP1420124B1 (en)
DE (2) DE10253494A1 (en)
DK (1) DK1420124T3 (en)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10913243B2 (en) 2016-01-19 2021-02-09 Enclos Corporation Pre-stressed plate or shell structures

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2919319B1 (en) * 2007-07-25 2012-07-13 Imerys Tc PREFABRICATED BUILDING ELEMENT
DE102012008948A1 (en) 2012-05-05 2013-11-07 Schunk Ingenieurkeramik Gmbh Ceramic component for wing unit or space grid in building construction field, has terminal area fixedly connected to hollow ceramic body, and component surface comprising technical surface with average roughness in specific range
CN107217779B (en) * 2017-05-23 2019-08-16 黄俊强 A kind of ceramic plate and its production method and apply curtain wall
CA3208442A1 (en) * 2021-01-17 2022-07-21 1284343 B.C. Ltd. System and method for forming a wall

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DE713211C (en) * 1939-07-12 1941-11-03 Wilhelm Allers Component, in particular ceiling, wall, roof or the like.
FR990656A (en) * 1944-03-23 1951-09-25 construction elements and their assembly device
CH387261A (en) * 1959-05-25 1965-01-31 Inst Ziegelforschung Essen E V Process for the production of components such. B. girders, beams or columns, from individual shaped elements
LU79400A1 (en) * 1978-04-07 1979-11-07 Wildenberg S Van Den ELEMENTS OF CONSTRUCTION IN NATURAL STONES OR REINFORCED COMPOSITES AND PROCESS FOR THEIR MANUFACTURING
US4294051A (en) * 1979-05-21 1981-10-13 Hughes Jr William J Modular building system
FR2652845B1 (en) * 1989-10-05 1993-04-23 Ivaldi Marc CONSTRUCTION ASSEMBLY.
DE29612473U1 (en) * 1996-07-18 1996-10-17 Aleksandrov Garri Dr Lintel element for brick masonry
US5860527A (en) * 1996-10-18 1999-01-19 Menasha Corporation Plastic tote box improvements

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10913243B2 (en) 2016-01-19 2021-02-09 Enclos Corporation Pre-stressed plate or shell structures

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1420124A1 (en) 2004-05-19
DK1420124T3 (en) 2007-07-09
DE50306735D1 (en) 2007-04-19
DE10253494A1 (en) 2004-05-27

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