EP1416077A2 - Dreidimensionales Mikrofasertextil mit Wildledereffekt und Verfahren zur Herstellung - Google Patents

Dreidimensionales Mikrofasertextil mit Wildledereffekt und Verfahren zur Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1416077A2
EP1416077A2 EP03024348A EP03024348A EP1416077A2 EP 1416077 A2 EP1416077 A2 EP 1416077A2 EP 03024348 A EP03024348 A EP 03024348A EP 03024348 A EP03024348 A EP 03024348A EP 1416077 A2 EP1416077 A2 EP 1416077A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
yarns
fabric according
dimensional
component
continuous
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03024348A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1416077A3 (de
Inventor
Giuseppe Serravezza
Carmine Amato Ammirati
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Alcantara SpA
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Alcantara SpA
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Publication date
Application filed by Alcantara SpA filed Critical Alcantara SpA
Publication of EP1416077A2 publication Critical patent/EP1416077A2/de
Publication of EP1416077A3 publication Critical patent/EP1416077A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B21/14—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes
    • D04B21/16—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes incorporating synthetic threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B21/02—Pile fabrics or articles having similar surface features
    • D04B21/04—Pile fabrics or articles having similar surface features characterised by thread material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
    • D06N3/0004—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using ultra-fine two-component fibres, e.g. island/sea, or ultra-fine one component fibres (< 1 denier)
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
    • D06N3/0009—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using knitted fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/007—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by mechanical or physical treatments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/01—Surface features
    • D10B2403/011—Dissimilar front and back faces
    • D10B2403/0111—One hairy surface, e.g. napped or raised

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a three-dimensional microfibrous suede-like fabric, simulating natural leather, and its preparation method.
  • Non-woven materials whose appearance and characteristics are similar to natural leather, and which also have a mechanical resistance and resistance to chemical agents higher than the natural product, are known in the prior art.
  • this device allows a knitted fabric to be obtained through the formation of knitting stitches around two series of needle bars which create the two surfaces of the material of interest, randomly joined.
  • the Applicant has now surprisingly found, and this forms the object of the present invention, that it is possible to obtain a three-dimensional weaving process, by suitably combining highly fine filaments, filaments with an ordinary fineness and filaments with a high thickness and/or resilience, thus obtaining a three-dimensional microfibrous fabric, also object of the present invention, which, after being subjected to a finishing process, forms a material, also object of the present invention, with a feel and appearance similar to those of natural leather.
  • the main object of the present invention therefore relates to a three-dimensional microfibrous fabric, with a programmed composition of effect yarns, reinforcing and binding yarns, obtained through a three-dimensional weaving process, also object of the present invention, which comprises effecting the weaving itself by means of a suitable combination of highly fine filaments, filaments with an ordinary fineness and filaments with a high thickness and/or resilience.
  • a further object of the present invention relates to a three-dimensional microfibrous material with a feel and appearance similar to those of natural leather, obtained by subjecting the above three-dimensional microfibrous material to subsequent processing steps, selected and arranged in relation to the required characteristics of the end-product.
  • the three-dimensional weaving process according to the present invention is effected using a Raschel warp knitting loom of the double needle-bar type with at least four feeding bars: for the sake of simplicity, the present description will refer, hereinafter, to the use of this specific loom, it being understood that this detail is intended for purely illustrative purposes, without limiting the scope of the invention in any way.
  • the construction of the three-dimensional fabric is effected by means of the following steps for the formation of knitting stitches:
  • the fabric, object of the invention is characterized by a zero or negligible content of polymeric binders with a consequent recycling simplicity.
  • Continuous textured polyester yarns with a nominal count of 33 to 344 dtex can be used as reinforcing yarns.
  • a textured polyester yarn with a nominal count of 78 dtex and with 36 filaments can be used.
  • polyamide yarns, both textured and drawn can be alternatively used and possibly also synthetic, artificial or natural continuous yarns or spun yarns from synthetic, artificial or natural short fibers.
  • the ratio between the weight of the reinforcing yarns and the total weight of the three-dimensional fabric varies from 5 to 60%.
  • Effect yarns which can be used are continuous bi-component yarns from synthetic polymers, obtained by the co-extrusion of two polymers so that the cross-section of each of the filaments forming the yarn appears to consist of smaller sections of the two different polymers which can be separated into two components by means of mechanical or chemical treatment.
  • the nominal count of these yarns can vary from 50 to 344 dtex, the ratio between the two polymers can range from 85/15 to 50/50, the count of the single filaments after separation into the two components, ranges from 0.001 to 1.0 dtex.
  • the first polymer, present in a quantity equal to or greater than the second is preferably polyester. Alternatively, it can be polyamide.
  • the second polymer is a polymer which has a poor compatibility with the first polymer or is easily soluble in solvents which do not attack the first polymer.
  • bi-component continuous yarns are preferable, it is also possible to alternatively use cotton or woolen spun yarns; carded, semi-combed or combed yarns, yarns from bi-component short fibres obtained by the co-extrusion of two polymers so that the cross-section of each of the fibers appears to consist of smaller sections of the two different polymers which can be separated into the two components by means of mechanical or chemical treatment.
  • the count of the fibres can vary from 1 to 13 dtex and their length from 25 to 150 mm, the ratio between the two polymers can vary from 85/15 to 50/50, the count of the fibres obtained after separation into the two components ranges from 0.001 to 1.0 dtex.
  • the first polymer present in a quantity equal to or greater than the second, is preferably polyester. Alternatively, it can be polyamide.
  • the second polymer is a polymer which has a poor compatibility with the first polymer or is easily soluble in solvents which do not attack the first polymer.
  • continuous mono-component polyester yarns can be used, both drawn and textured, with a count of the single filaments varying from 0.2 to 5 dtex, or also continuous polyamide yarns, both drawn and textured, or possibly also other continuous synthetic, artificial or natural yarns or spun yarns from synthetic, artificial or natural short fibers.
  • the yarns described in the previous paragraphs can be previously combined in one of the spinning process phases, or subsequently by doubling and twisting, air interlacing or covering, with drawn or textured continuous synthetic yarns having an ordinary fineness.
  • the ratio between the weight of the effect yarns and the total weight of the three-dimensional fabric varies from 10 to 70%.
  • binding yarns allows the desired characteristics of the end-product to be regulated.
  • the choice of continuous mono-filament polyester yarns is preferable, but alternatively, drawn, textured or partially oriented continuous yarns can be used, with one or more filaments made of polyester, polyamide or other thermoplastic polymers.
  • Continuous yarns from polyurethane elastomers wet or dry spun, with a count ranging from 11 to 230 dtex, can be used for providing greater compactness and elasticity.
  • bi-component continuous yarns can be used with a count ranging from 33 to 240 dtex consisting of several filaments each of which having a cross-section which appears to consist of two adjacent sections of two different polymers characterized by different shrinkage. It is preferable for both polymers to be of a polyester nature but other thermoplastic polymers can be alternatively used.
  • the density of the three-dimensional fabric can be increased and a greater consistency conferred, typical of natural leather, by previously combining the above yarns with micro-filament bi-component continuous yarns of the same type as those described as effect yarns.
  • the combining is effected by air interlacing or by simple covering or preferably by double covering.
  • interlacing from 30 to 120 false knots are applied per meter using known technologies and machines.
  • covering the core yarn is covered, using technologies and machines known in the field, by a first yarn to which from 100 to 1000 twists are applied per meter in the direction S or z and optionally by a second yarn to which the same number of twists are applied in the opposite direction.
  • bi-component continuous yarns is preferable for the combining, drawn or textured, mono-component polyester continuous yarns, can also be alternatively used, with a count of the single filaments varying from 0.2 to 5 dtex, or also polyamide continuous yarns, drawn or textured, or optionally also synthetic, artificial or natural continuous yarns or yarns from synthetic, artificial or natural short fibers.
  • the ratio between the weight of the binding yarns and the total weight of the three-dimensional fabric varies from 10 to 80%.
  • the three-dimensional weaving is preferably effected using a Raschel warp knitting loom with a double needle bar having a fineness of 6 to 34 needles per inch.
  • the thickness of the fabric is regulated up to 60 millimeters by varying the distance between the needle bars.
  • the upper surface of the fabric has a structured appearance, with up to 34 columns of stitches per inch in an orthogonal direction to that of the machine and up to 44 stitches per inch in the direction of the machine. Alternatively, the upper surface can be characterized by columns with pile loops.
  • the lower surface can be produced with both an open appearance and with a structured appearance.
  • the possible openings can be more or less large as for usual warp knitted fabrics.
  • the three-dimensional woven structure obtained with the programmed combination of effect, reinforcing and binding yarns is further combined with a non-woven structure obtained using bi-component short fibers from synthetic polymers, obtained by the co-extrusion of two polymers so that the cross-section of each of the fibers appears to consist of smaller sections of the two different polymers, which can be separated into two components by means of mechanical or chemical treatment.
  • the count of the fibers can vary from 1 to 13 dtex and their length from 25 to 150 mm, the ratio between the two polymers can vary from 85/15 to 50/50, the count of the fibers obtained after the separation into the two components from 0.001 to 1.0 dtex.
  • the first polymer present in a quantity equal to or greater than the second, is preferably polyester. Alternatively, it can be polyamide.
  • the second polymer is a polymer which has a poor compatibility with the first or is easily soluble in solvents which do not attack the first polymer
  • bi-component fibers Although the choice of bi-component fibers is preferable, synthetic, artificial or natural mono-component fibers can also be alternatively used, with a count ranging from 0.5 to 13 dtex and a length of 25 to 150 mm.
  • the ratio between the weight of the non-woven structure and the weight of the three-dimensional woven structure can vary form 10 to 70%.
  • the combination between the woven and non-woven structures is obtained by directly feeding to the machine which effects the three-dimensional weaving, one or more webs consisting of the above fibers.
  • the webs can be formed mechanically, aerodynamically, hydro-dynamically or with a die, with methods known in the field.
  • one or more webs can be previously mechanically subjected to cohesion, by adhesion, shrinkage or sewing.
  • the non-woven structure thus obtained is subsequently combined with the three-dimensional fabric described above by adhesion, sewing or with other methods known in the art.
  • the raw fabric thus obtained must be subjected to subsequent processing phases, to obtain the microfibrous material which is a further object of the present invention.
  • the polyurethane used can be in a solution of an organic solvent or dispersed in water.
  • Polymers containing aromatic or aliphatic isocyanates, and also polyols of the polyethers, polyester, polycarbonate and acrylic type can be used.
  • polymers dispersed in water it is possible to use external emulsifying agents (anionic, cationic or non-ionic surface-active agents) or internal emulsifying agents (co-monomers) of the anionic or cationic type. In both cases, the polymers are extended with aliphatic, aromatic amines or with aliphatic or aromatic glycols.
  • the subsequent coagulation of the polyurethane takes place in solutions of organic solvent or water with a concentration of the solvent of up to 50% and temperatures up to 50°C and subsequent drying in an oven.
  • the product can be fixed by means of direct drying in an oven.
  • the drying process can be carried out in suitable micro-wave heaters and can be preceded by a vaporizing step in an oven, fed with saturated vapour.
  • the drying and coagulation process can be followed by high temperature thermal treatment to allow the cross-linking of the polyurethane.
  • a three-dimensional fabric with a suede-like effect is prepared using a Raschel double-bar warp knitting loom with the technology described above.
  • a textured continuous polyester yarn is used as reinforcing yarn, with the following characteristics:
  • the cross-section of each filament appears to consist of 8 elementary portions of polyester held together by a polyamide matrix.
  • the yarn has a nominal count of 83 dtex and is initially made up of 75 filaments.
  • each of the filaments is subsequently divided into 8 portions obtaining an overall number of 600 filaments having an indicative fineness equal to 0.14 dtex.
  • a continuous polyester mono-filament of the type easily available on the market, is used as binding yarn, with:
  • Both the lower and upper surfaces of the fabric are produced with 28 stitches per inch in the direction of the machine and 28 columns of stitches per inch in an orthogonal direction to that of the machine.
  • the thickness is 3 mm and the unitary weight higher than 200 gr/m 2 .
  • the fabric thus obtained is subjected to scouring treatment in an alkaline aqueous solution and in the presence of detergents to eliminate the finishing oils present on the looped yarns.
  • the upper surface of the fabric is then subjected to mechanical grinding treatment to allow the separation of the microfiber and to obtain the suede-like effect.
  • the fabric is then dyed with dispersed dyestuffs at 130°C for 60 minutes.
  • the same process is adopted as described in Example 1, but with the difference that a bi-component polyethyleneterephthalate micro-filament yarn and a polyester copolymer easily soluble in alkaline solution are used as effect yarn.
  • the yarn has a nominal count of 85 dtex and consists of 36 filaments each of which having a cross-section which appears to consist in turn of polyethyleneterephthalate elementary filaments, dispersed in a matrix of the copolymer, like islands in the sea.
  • the separation of the microfiber takes place with a treatment in alkaline solution, obtained at a temperature of 98°C, for 20' with a concentration of sodium hydroxide of up to 2% by weight with respect to the fabric.
  • the fabric is then emerised and dyed with dispersed dyes.
  • Example 2 The same process is adopted as described in Example 2, but with the difference that a composite yarn is used as binding yarn, obtained by combining, by means of covering in the direction S, a continuous polyester yarn having a count and characteristics analogous to those of Example 1, with a bi-component micro-filament continuous yarn of the same type as that used as effect yarn.
  • the covering is effected according to a known technique using hollow spindle twisters of the type normally used for the covering of elastomeric yarns.
  • the number of twists per meter of covering yarn is less than 800 tpm.
  • Example 3 The same process is adopted as described in Example 3, but with the difference that a composite yarn is used as binding yarn, obtained by combining, by means of double covering, a continuous polyester mono-yarn with two ends of a bi-component micro-filament continuous yarn of the same type as that used as effect yarn.
  • the first of the two yarn-ends is spiraled in the direction S and the second in the direction Z.
  • Example 4 The same process is adopted as described in Example 4, but with the difference that a textured polybutyleneterephthalate yarn with a nominal count of 78 dtex, is used as reinforcing yarn.
  • the scouring treatment allows the development of the retraction capacity of the polybutyleneterephthalate.
  • a fabric is obtained, with analogous characteristics to that of Example 4 and with an elasticity of up to 20% in a longitudinal direction, i.e. in the machine direction.
  • Example 4 The same process is adopted as described in Example 4, but with the difference that a textured polytrimethyleneterephthalate yarn is used, with a nominal count of 78 dtex.
  • Example 4 The same process is adopted as described in Example 4, but with the difference that before the dyeing operation, the fabric is impregnated in an aqueous solution of polyurethane and subsequently dried and thermo-set.
  • the end-fabric has a polyurethane content of up to 10% by weight with respect to the fabric itself.
  • a three-dimensional fabric with a shammy appearance was prepared by using a Raschel double-bar ladder-proof knitting loom, as in the previous examples.
  • carrier yarn use was made of a bicomponent continuous microfilament yarn constituted by polyethylene terephthalate and a polyester copolymer easily alkali soluble.
  • binding yarn use was made of a bicomponent continuous microfilament yarn constituted by polyethylene terephthalate and a polyester copolymer easily alkali soluble.
  • the obtained fabric is shown in figure 1.
  • the thickness was 1 mm, the unit weight was 450 g/m 2 . It was subjected to a purge treatment in a 2% alkaline aqueous solution at the temperature of 100 °C, such to obtain the intermediate fabric shown in figure 2.
  • the fabric upper surface was subjected to a mechanical emerising treatment to allow the separation of the microfibre and the achievement of the shammy appearance.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
EP03024348A 2002-10-28 2003-10-24 Dreidimensionales Mikrofasertextil mit Wildledereffekt und Verfahren zur Herstellung Withdrawn EP1416077A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMI20022291 2002-10-28
ITMI20022291 ITMI20022291A1 (it) 2002-10-28 2002-10-28 Tessuto tridimensionale microfibroso ad aspetto scamosciato e suo metodo di preparazione.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1416077A2 true EP1416077A2 (de) 2004-05-06
EP1416077A3 EP1416077A3 (de) 2004-06-23

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EP (1) EP1416077A3 (de)
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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2431857A (en) * 2005-11-01 2007-05-09 Michael John O'conner Footwear
US7892993B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2011-02-22 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8178199B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-05-15 Eastman Chemical Company Nonwovens produced from multicomponent fibers
US8216953B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-07-10 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8512519B2 (en) 2009-04-24 2013-08-20 Eastman Chemical Company Sulfopolyesters for paper strength and process
US8840758B2 (en) 2012-01-31 2014-09-23 Eastman Chemical Company Processes to produce short cut microfibers
US9273417B2 (en) 2010-10-21 2016-03-01 Eastman Chemical Company Wet-Laid process to produce a bound nonwoven article
US9303357B2 (en) 2013-04-19 2016-04-05 Eastman Chemical Company Paper and nonwoven articles comprising synthetic microfiber binders
US9598802B2 (en) 2013-12-17 2017-03-21 Eastman Chemical Company Ultrafiltration process for producing a sulfopolyester concentrate
US9605126B2 (en) 2013-12-17 2017-03-28 Eastman Chemical Company Ultrafiltration process for the recovery of concentrated sulfopolyester dispersion

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1541774A (en) * 1976-07-12 1979-03-07 Mitsubishi Rayon Co Suede-like sheet materials and method of producing same
GB2003521A (en) * 1977-08-03 1979-03-14 Teijin Ltd Process for the preparation of suede-like raised woven or knitted fabric
EP0990726A1 (de) * 1997-04-17 2000-04-05 Malden Mills Industries, Inc. Drei-dimensional gewirkter Abstandsstoff
EP1013810A2 (de) * 1998-12-23 2000-06-28 Trevira GmbH &amp; Co KG Wildlederartiges textiles Flächengebilde

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1541774A (en) * 1976-07-12 1979-03-07 Mitsubishi Rayon Co Suede-like sheet materials and method of producing same
GB2003521A (en) * 1977-08-03 1979-03-14 Teijin Ltd Process for the preparation of suede-like raised woven or knitted fabric
EP0990726A1 (de) * 1997-04-17 2000-04-05 Malden Mills Industries, Inc. Drei-dimensional gewirkter Abstandsstoff
EP1013810A2 (de) * 1998-12-23 2000-06-28 Trevira GmbH &amp; Co KG Wildlederartiges textiles Flächengebilde

Cited By (37)

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US8435908B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2013-05-07 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8273451B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-09-25 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US7892993B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2011-02-22 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8691130B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2014-04-08 Eastman Chemical Company Process of making water-dispersible multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8158244B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-04-17 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8163385B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-04-24 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8178199B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-05-15 Eastman Chemical Company Nonwovens produced from multicomponent fibers
US8216953B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-07-10 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8227362B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-07-24 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8236713B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-08-07 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8247335B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-08-21 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8257628B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-09-04 Eastman Chemical Company Process of making water-dispersible multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8262958B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-09-11 Eastman Chemical Company Process of making woven articles comprising water-dispersible multicomponent fibers
US8623247B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2014-01-07 Eastman Chemical Company Process of making water-dispersible multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8277706B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-10-02 Eastman Chemical Company Process of making water-dispersible multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8314041B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-11-20 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8388877B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2013-03-05 Eastman Chemical Company Process of making water-dispersible multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8398907B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2013-03-19 Eastman Chemical Company Process of making water-dispersible multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8148278B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2012-04-03 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8444896B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2013-05-21 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8513147B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2013-08-20 Eastman Chemical Company Nonwovens produced from multicomponent fibers
US8444895B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2013-05-21 Eastman Chemical Company Processes for making water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
US8557374B2 (en) 2003-06-19 2013-10-15 Eastman Chemical Company Water-dispersible and multicomponent fibers from sulfopolyesters
GB2431857B (en) * 2005-11-01 2010-05-19 Michael John O'connor Footwear
GB2431857A (en) * 2005-11-01 2007-05-09 Michael John O'conner Footwear
US8512519B2 (en) 2009-04-24 2013-08-20 Eastman Chemical Company Sulfopolyesters for paper strength and process
US9273417B2 (en) 2010-10-21 2016-03-01 Eastman Chemical Company Wet-Laid process to produce a bound nonwoven article
US8871052B2 (en) 2012-01-31 2014-10-28 Eastman Chemical Company Processes to produce short cut microfibers
US8840757B2 (en) 2012-01-31 2014-09-23 Eastman Chemical Company Processes to produce short cut microfibers
US8882963B2 (en) 2012-01-31 2014-11-11 Eastman Chemical Company Processes to produce short cut microfibers
US8906200B2 (en) 2012-01-31 2014-12-09 Eastman Chemical Company Processes to produce short cut microfibers
US9175440B2 (en) 2012-01-31 2015-11-03 Eastman Chemical Company Processes to produce short-cut microfibers
US8840758B2 (en) 2012-01-31 2014-09-23 Eastman Chemical Company Processes to produce short cut microfibers
US9303357B2 (en) 2013-04-19 2016-04-05 Eastman Chemical Company Paper and nonwoven articles comprising synthetic microfiber binders
US9617685B2 (en) 2013-04-19 2017-04-11 Eastman Chemical Company Process for making paper and nonwoven articles comprising synthetic microfiber binders
US9598802B2 (en) 2013-12-17 2017-03-21 Eastman Chemical Company Ultrafiltration process for producing a sulfopolyester concentrate
US9605126B2 (en) 2013-12-17 2017-03-28 Eastman Chemical Company Ultrafiltration process for the recovery of concentrated sulfopolyester dispersion

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