EP1412338B1 - 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triones, preparation and use as gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonists - Google Patents

1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triones, preparation and use as gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonists Download PDF

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EP1412338B1
EP1412338B1 EP02759239A EP02759239A EP1412338B1 EP 1412338 B1 EP1412338 B1 EP 1412338B1 EP 02759239 A EP02759239 A EP 02759239A EP 02759239 A EP02759239 A EP 02759239A EP 1412338 B1 EP1412338 B1 EP 1412338B1
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substituted
alkyl
heterocycle
arylalkyl
aryl
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EP1412338A1 (en
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Zhiqiang Guo
Dongpei Wu
Chen Chen
Fabio C. Tucci
Collin Regan
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Neurocrine Biosciences Inc
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Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonists, and to methods of treating disorders by administration of such antagonists to a warm-blooded animal in need thereof.
  • GnRH gonadotropin-releasing hormone
  • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone also known as luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)
  • LHRH luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
  • CnRH is released from the hypothalamus and acts on the pituitary gland to stimulate the biosynthesis and release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
  • LH released from the pituitary gland is responsible for the regulation of gonadal steroid production in both males and females, while FSH regulates spermatogenesis in males and follicular development in females.
  • GnRH GnRH receptor
  • leuprorelin pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-D-Leu-Leu-Arg-Pro-NHEt
  • Such agonists appear to function by binding to the GnRH receptor in the pituitary gonadotropins, thereby inducing the synthesis and release of gonadotropins.
  • GnRH agonists depletes gonadotropins 1 and subsequently down-regulates the receptor, resulting in suppression of steroidal hormones after some period of time (e.g., on the order of 2-3 weeks following initiation of chronic administration).
  • GnRH antagonists are believed to suppress gonadotropins from the onset, and thus have received the most attention over the past two decades.
  • some of the primary obstacles to the clinical use of such antagonists have been their relatively low bioavailability and adverse side effects caused by histamine release.
  • several peptidic antagonists with low histamine release properties have been reported, although they still must be delivered via sustained delivery routes (such as subcutaneous injection or intranasal spray) due to limited bioavailability.
  • this invention is generally directed to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonists, as well as to methods for their preparation and use, and to pharmaceutical compositions containing the same.
  • GnRH receptor antagonists of this invention are compounds having the following general structure(I): including stereoisomers, prodrugs and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3a , R 3b , R 4 , R 5 and n are as defined below.
  • the GnRH receptor antagonists of this invention have utility over a wide range of therapeutic applications, and may be used to treat a variety of sex-hormone related conditions in both men and women, as well as a mammal in general (also referred to herein as a "subject").
  • such conditions include endometriosis, uterine fibroids, polycystic ovarian disease, hirsutism, precocious puberty, gonadal steroid-dependent neoplasia such as cancers of the prostate, breast and ovary, gonadotrophe pituitary adenomas, sleep apnea, irritable bowel syndrome, premenstrual syndrome, benign prostatic hypertrophy, contraception and infertility (e.g., assisted reproductive therapy such as in vitro fertilization).
  • the compounds of this invention are also useful as an adjunct to treatment of growth hormone deficiency and short stature, and for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosis.
  • the compounds are also useful in combination with androgens, estrogens, progesterones, and antiestrogens and antiprogestogens for the treatment of endometriosis, fibroids, and in contraception, as well as in combination with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, an angiotensin II-receptor antagonist, or a renin inhibitor for the treatment of uterine fibroids.
  • the compounds may be used in combination with bisphosphonates and other agents for the treatment and/or prevention of disturbances of calcium, phosphate and bone metabolism, and in combination with estrogens, progesterones and/or androgens for the prevention or treatment of bone loss or hypogonadal symptoms such as hot flashes during therapy with a GnRH antagonist.
  • the methods of this invention include administering an effective amount of a GnRH receptor antagonist, preferably in the form of a pharmaceutical composition, to a mammal in need thereof.
  • a GnRH receptor antagonist preferably in the form of a pharmaceutical composition
  • pharmaceutical compositions are disclosed containing one or more GnRH receptor antagonists of this invention in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or diluent.
  • the present invention is directed generally to compounds useful as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonists.
  • the compounds of this invention have the following structure (I): including stereoisomers, prodrugs and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein:
  • the compounds of the present invention may be prepared by known organic synthesis techniques, including the methods described in more detail in the Examples. However in general, the compounds of structure (I) above may be made by the following Reaction Schemes. All substituents in the following Reaction Schemes are as defined above unless indicated otherwise.
  • representative compounds of the present invention also include those compounds where the primary amine of the above-named compounds is substituted with a substituted alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group.
  • one method of alkylating amines and amides is by reductive alkylation.
  • reductive alkylation There are many alternative methods well known in the chemical arts for accomplishing the reductive alkylation procedure, and there are many alternative alkylation methods.
  • reductive alkylation may take place.
  • Suitable reducing agents include (but are not limited to) sodium borohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, hydrogen gas and a hydrogenation catalyst, zinc and hydrochloric acid, iron pentacarbonyl and alcoholic potassium hydroxide, formic acid, pyridine borohydride.
  • Amines and amides may also be alkylated by the reaction of formaldehyde and a Mannich base or by the nucleophilic displacement of an alkyl halide or other leaving groups.
  • the Mitsunobu reaction allows the alkylation of amines with primary or secondary alcohols and carboxylic acids by activation of the hydroxyl group with triphenylphosphine to form the leaving group triphenylphoshine oxide.
  • Other commonly used alkylation methods are described in March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 4th Ed., pp 1276-1277 (1992).
  • the compounds of the present invention may generally be utilized as the free acid or free base. Alternatively, the compounds of this invention may be used in the form of acid or base addition salts. Acid addition salts of the free amino compounds of the present invention may be prepared by methods well known in the art, and may be formed from organic and inorganic acids. Suitable organic acids include maleic, fumaric, benzoic, ascorbic, succinic, methanesulfonic, acetic, trifluoroacetic, oxalic, propionic, tartaric, salicylic, citric, gluconic, lactic, mandelic, cinnamic, aspartic, stearic, palmitic, glycolic, glutamic, and benzenesulfonic acids.
  • Suitable inorganic acids include hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, phosphoric, and nitric acids.
  • Base addition salts included those salts that form with the carboxylate anion and include salts formed with organic and inorganic cations such as those chosen from the alkali and alkaline earth metals (for example, lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, barium and calcium), as well as the ammonium ion and substituted derivatives thereof (for example, dibenzylammonium, benzylammonium, 2-hydroxyethylammonium, and the like).
  • the term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" of structure (I) is intended to encompass any and all acceptable salt forms.
  • the compounds of structure (I) may have chiral centers and may occur as racemates, racemic mixtures and as individual enantiomers or diastereomers. Compounds of structure (I) may also possess axial chirality, which may result in atropisomers. All such isomeric forms are included within the present invention, including mixtures thereof. Furthermore, some of the crystalline forms of the compounds of structure (I) may exist as polymorphs, which are included in the present invention. In addition, some of the compounds of structure (I) may also form solvates with water or other organic solvents. Such solvates are similarly included within the scope of this invention.
  • Suitable GnRH antagonists of this invention are capable of inhibiting the specific binding of GnRH to its receptor and antagonizing activities associated with GnRH.
  • inhibition of GnRH stimulated LH release in immature rats may be measured according to the method of Vilchez-Martinez ( Endocrinology 96:1130-1134, 1975). Briefly, twenty-five day old male Spraque-Dawley rats are administered an GnRH antagonist in saline or other suitable formulation by oral gavage, sub-cutaneous injection, or intravenous injection. This is followed by subcutaneous injection of 200 ng GnRH in 0.2 ml saline.
  • GnRH receptor antagonists are well known in the field, such as the use of cultured pituitary cells for measuring GnRH activity (Vale et al., Endocrinology 91 :562-572, 1972), and a technique for measuring radioligand binding to rat pituitary membranes (Perrin et al., Mol. Pharmacol. 23 :44-51, 1983).
  • effectiveness of a compound as a GnRH receptor antagonist may be determined by one or more of the following assays.
  • Anterior pituitary glands are collected from 7-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats and the harvested glands digested with collagenase in a dispersion flask for 1.5 hr at 37°C. After collagenase digestion, the glands are further digested with neuraminidase for 9 min at 37°C. The digested tissue is then washed with 0.1% BSA/McCoy's 5A medium, and the washed cells suspended in 3% FBS/0.1 BSA/McCoy's 5A medium and plated into 96-well tissue culture plates at a cell density of 40,000 cells per well in 200 ⁇ l medium. The cells are then incubated at 37 °C for 3 days.
  • One pituitary gland normally yields one 96-well plate of cells, which can be used for assaying three compounds.
  • the incubated cells are first washed with 0.1% BSA/McCoy's 5A medium once, followed by addition of the test sample plus 1nM GnRH in 200 ⁇ l 0.1% BSA/McCoy's 5A medium in triplicate wells. Each sample is assayed at 5-dose levels to generate a dose-response curve for determination of its potency on the inhibition of GnRH stimulated LH and/or FSH release. After 4-hr incubation at 37 °C, the medium is harvested and the level of LH and/or FSH secreted into the medium determined by RIA.
  • each sample medium is assayed in duplicates and all dilutions are done with RIA buffer (0.01M sodium phosphate buffer/0.15M NaCl/1% BSA/0.01% NaN3, pH 7.5) and the assay kit is obtained from the National Hormone and Pituitary Program supported by NIDDK.
  • RIA buffer 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer/0.15M NaCl/1% BSA/0.01% NaN3, pH 7.5
  • the assay kit is obtained from the National Hormone and Pituitary Program supported by NIDDK.
  • To a 12 ⁇ 75 mm polyethylene test tube is added 100 ⁇ l of sample medium diluted 1:5 or rLH standard in RIA buffer and 100 ⁇ l of [ 125 I]-labeled rLH ( ⁇ 30,000 cpm) plus 100 ⁇ l of rabbit anti-rLH antibody diluted 1:187,500 and 100 ⁇ l RIA buffer. The mixture is incubated at room temperature over-night.
  • the GnRH analog is labeled by the chloramine-T method.
  • the recovered labeled peptide is further purified by reverse phase HPLC on a Vydac C-18 analytical column (The Separations Group, Hesperia, CA) on a Beckman 334 gradient HPLC system using a gradient of acetonitrile in 0.1% TFA.
  • the purified radioactive peptide is stored in 0.1% BSA/20% acetonitrile/0.1 % TFA at -80 °C and can be used for up to 4 weeks.
  • Cells stably, or transiently, transfected with GnRH receptor expression vectors are harvested, resuspended in 5% sucrose and homogenized using a polytron homogenizer (2x15 sec). Nucleii are removed by centrifugation (3000 x g for 5 min.), and the supernatant centrifuged (20,000 x g for 30 min, 4 °C) to collect the membrane fraction. The final membrane preparation is resuspended in binding buffer (10mM Hepes (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, and 0.1% BSA) and stored at -70°C.
  • binding buffer (10mM Hepes (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, and 0.1% BSA
  • Binding reactions are performed in a Millipore MultiScreen 96-well filtration plate assembly with polyethylenimine coated GF/C membranes.
  • the reaction is initiated by adding membranes (40 ug protein in 130 ul binding buffer) to 50ul of [ 125 I]-labeled GnRH peptide ( ⁇ 100,000 cpm), and 20ul of competitor at varying concentrations.
  • the reaction is terminated after 90 minutes by application of vacuum and washing (2X) with phosphate buffered saline.
  • Bound radioactivity is measured using 96-well scintillation counting (Packard Topcount) or by removing the filters from the plate and direct gamma counting.
  • K i values are calculated from competition binding data using nonlinear least squares regression using the Prism software package (GraphPad Software).
  • GnRH receptor antagonists of this invention have a K i of 100 ⁇ M or less.
  • the GnRH receptor antagonists have a K i of less than 10 ⁇ M, and more preferably less than 1 ⁇ M, and even more preferably less than 0.1 ⁇ M ( i.e., 100 nM).
  • the GnRH receptor antagonists of this invention have utility over a wide range of therapeutic applications, and may be used to treat a variety of sex-hormone related conditions in both men and women, as well as mammals in general.
  • such conditions include endometriosis, uterine fibroids, polycystic ovarian disease, hirsutism, precocious puberty, gonadal steroid-dependent neoplasia such as cancers of the prostate, breast and ovary, gonadotrophe pituitary adenomas, sleep apnea, irritable bowel syndrome, premenstrual syndrome, benign prostatic hypertrophy, contraception and infertility (e.g., assisted reproductive therapy such as in vitro fertilization).
  • assisted reproductive therapy such as in vitro fertilization.
  • the compounds of this invention are also useful as an adjunct to treatment of growth hormone deficiency and short stature, and for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosis.
  • the compounds are useful in combination with androgens, estrogens, progesterones, and antiestrogens and antiprogestogens for the treatment of endometriosis, fibroids, and in contraception, as well as in combination with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, an angiotensin II-receptor antagonist, or a renin inhibitor for the treatment of uterine fibroids.
  • the compounds may also be used in combination with bisphosphonates and other agents for the treatment and/or prevention of disturbances of calcium, phosphate and bone metabolism, and in combination with estrogens, progesterones and/or androgens for the prevention or treatment of bone loss or hypogonadal symptoms such as hot flashes during therapy with a GnRH antagonist.
  • compositions containing one or more GnRH receptor antagonists are disclosed.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be formulated as pharmaceutical compositions.
  • Pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention comprise a GnRH receptor antagonist of the present invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and/or diluent.
  • the GnRH receptor antagonist is present in the composition in an amount which is effective to treat a particular disorder ⁇ that is, in an amount sufficient to achieve GnRH receptor antagonist activity, and preferably with acceptable toxicity to the patient.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may include a GnRH receptor antagonist in an amount from 0.1 mg to 250 mg per dosage depending upon the route of administration, and more typically from 1 mg to 60 mg. Appropriate concentrations and dosages can be readily determined by one skilled in the art.
  • compositions formulated as liquid solutions include saline and sterile water, and may optionally include antioxidants, buffers, bacteriostats and other common additives.
  • the compositions can also be formulated as pills, capsules, granules, or tablets that contain, in addition to a GnRH receptor antagonist, diluents, dispersing and surface active agents, binders, and lubricants.
  • GnRH receptor antagonist diluents, dispersing and surface active agents, binders, and lubricants.
  • One skilled in this art may further formulate the GnRH receptor antagonist in an appropriate manner, and in accordance with accepted practices, such as those disclosed in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gennaro, Ed., Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA 1990.
  • the present invention provides a method for treating sex-hormone related conditions as discussed above.
  • Such methods include administering of a compound of the present invention to a warm-blooded animal in an amount sufficient to treat the condition.
  • "treat” includes prophylactic administration.
  • Such methods include systemic administration of a GnRH receptor antagonist of this invention, preferably in the form of a pharmaceutical composition as discussed above.
  • systemic administration includes oral and parenteral methods of administration.
  • suitable pharmaceutical compositions of GnRH receptor antagonists include powders, granules, pills, tablets, and capsules as well as liquids, syrups, suspensions, and emulsions.
  • compositions may also include flavorants, preservatives, suspending, thickening and emulsifying agents, and other pharmaceutically acceptable additives.
  • the compounds of the present invention can be prepared in aqueous injection solutions which may contain, in addition to the GnRH receptor antagonist, buffers, antioxidants, bacteriostats, and other additives commonly employed in such solutions.
  • GnRH receptor antagonists of this invention may be assayed by the general methods disclosed above, while the following Examples disclose the synthesis of representative compounds of this invention.
  • Step 1A 1-Allyl-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)isocyanurate
  • Step 1B 1-Allyl-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)isocyanurate
  • Step 1C 1-Carbonylmethyl-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)isocyanurate
  • Step 1D 1-[N-(2-Pyridylethyl)-N-methylaminolethyl-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)isocyanurate
  • Step 2A 1-(2,6-Difluorobenzyl)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)urea
  • Step 2C 1-[(2R)-Tertbutoxycarbonylamino-2-phenylethyl]-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)isocyanurate
  • Step 2D 1-[(2R)-Amino-2-phenylethyl]-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)isocyanurate
  • Step 3A N-(2-Fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-N'-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)urea
  • Step 3B 3-(2-Fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)isocyanurate
  • N-(Chlorocarbonyl)isocyanate (696 mg, 6.6 mmol) was added slowly to a solution of N-(2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-N'-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)urea (1.86 g, 6.0 mmol) in dichloromethane (15 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The reaction was then quenched with saturated NaHCO 3 /H 2 O and was extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried (sodium sulfate), evaporated to give 2.12 g, (93.0%) of white solid.
  • Step 3C 1-[(2R)-Tertbutoxycarbonylamino-2-phenylethyl)-3-(2- fluoro- 3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)isocyanurate
  • Step 3D 1-[(2R)-Amino-2-phenylethyl]-3-(2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl-5-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)isocyanurate
  • Trifluoroacetic acid (1 mL) was added to a solution of 1-[(2R)-tertbutoxycarbonylamino-2-phenylethyl]-3-(2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)isocyanurate in dichloromethane (1 mL) and the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 hour. Volatiles were evaporated and the residue was partitioned between saturated NaHCO 3 /water and EtOAc. The organic layer was dried (sodium sulfate), evaporated, purified by reverse phase HPLC (C-18 column, 15-75% ACN/water).
  • Step 4A 1-Azido-N-(2R)-tertbutoxycarbonylamino-2-phenylethane
  • Step 4B 1-Amino-N-(2R)-tertbutoxycarbonylamino-2-phenylethane
  • Step 4C N-[(2R)-Terbutoxycarbonylamino-2-phenylethyl]-N'-(2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)urea
  • Step 4D 1-[(2R)-Tertbutoxycarbonylamino-2-phenylethyl]-3-(2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)isocyanurate
  • Step 4E 1-[(2R)-Amino-2-phenylethyl]-3-(2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)isocyanurate
  • Step 4A -1-[(2R)-Amino-2-phenylethyl]-3-(2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-5 (cyclobutylmethyl)isocyanurate
  • Step 6A 1-(2-Amino-2-methyl-propyl)-3-(2-fluoro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-urea
  • Step 6B 2-[3-(2-Fluoro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-ureido]-1,1-dimethyl-ethyl ⁇ -carbamic acid tert -bulyl ester
  • Step 6C - ⁇ 2-[3-(2-Fluoro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2,4,6-trioxo-[1,3,5]triazinan-1-yl]-1,1-dimethyl-ethyl ⁇ -carbamic acid tert -butyl ester
  • Step 6D ⁇ 2[3-(2-Fluoro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-5-(3-fluoro-6-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-2,4,6-trioxo-[1,3,5]triazinan-1-yl]-1,1-dimethyl-ethyl ⁇ -carbamic acid tert- butyl ester
  • Step 6E 1-(2-Amino-2-methyl-propyl)-3-(2-fluoro-3-methoxy-phenyl)-5-(2-fluoro-6-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)isocyanurate
  • Step 6F 1-(2-Cyclopentylamino-2-methyl-propyl)-3-(2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-fluoro-6-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)isocyanurate

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EP02759239A 2001-08-02 2002-08-02 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triones, preparation and use as gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonists Expired - Lifetime EP1412338B1 (en)

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DE102004033902A1 (de) 2004-07-14 2006-02-16 Zentaris Gmbh Neue Tetrahydrocarbazolderivate mit verbesserter biologischer Wirkung und verbesserter Löslichkeit als Liganden für G-Protein gekoppelte Rezeptoren (GPCR's)
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CA2455833A1 (en) 2003-02-13
NO20040500L (no) 2004-03-08
JP4328617B2 (ja) 2009-09-09
KR20040030892A (ko) 2004-04-09
US6677340B2 (en) 2004-01-13
US20040162290A1 (en) 2004-08-19
DE60208803D1 (de) 2006-04-06
MXPA04000984A (es) 2005-02-17
ES2256522T3 (es) 2006-07-16
JP2005501055A (ja) 2005-01-13
DE60208803T2 (de) 2006-08-31
US20030130282A1 (en) 2003-07-10
WO2003011839A1 (en) 2003-02-13

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