EP1409199A1 - Dispositif pour l'usinage par abrasion de surfaces d'elements et notamment d'elements ou de pieces optiques - Google Patents

Dispositif pour l'usinage par abrasion de surfaces d'elements et notamment d'elements ou de pieces optiques

Info

Publication number
EP1409199A1
EP1409199A1 EP02716837A EP02716837A EP1409199A1 EP 1409199 A1 EP1409199 A1 EP 1409199A1 EP 02716837 A EP02716837 A EP 02716837A EP 02716837 A EP02716837 A EP 02716837A EP 1409199 A1 EP1409199 A1 EP 1409199A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool
outlet
inlet
machined
machining
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02716837A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1409199B1 (fr
Inventor
Oliver FÄHNLE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fisba Optik AG
Original Assignee
Fisba Optik AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fisba Optik AG filed Critical Fisba Optik AG
Publication of EP1409199A1 publication Critical patent/EP1409199A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1409199B1 publication Critical patent/EP1409199B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B13/00Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B31/00Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor
    • B24B31/10Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor involving other means for tumbling of work
    • B24B31/116Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor involving other means for tumbling of work using plastically deformable grinding compound, moved relatively to the workpiece under the influence of pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24CABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B24C1/08Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for polishing surfaces, e.g. smoothing a surface by making use of liquid-borne abrasives

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the abrasive processing of surfaces of elements and in particular of optical elements or workpieces.
  • a wide variety of methods and devices are known for the abrasive processing of surfaces, as is required, for example, for the production of optical elements, such as lenses, prisms, plane-parallel plates, etc., but also for molds for casting or pressing optical elements.
  • the surface to be processed is first subjected to a grinding process and, if appropriate, a fine grinding process with contacting tools, such as disc grinders, ball grinders, etc., and then a polishing process with a polishing tool.
  • a grinding process it is also known to subject the surfaces to a turning process on a lathe with a suitable turning tool or to use another machining process. Most machining processes in which a comparatively large amount of material is removed require at least when optical surfaces are produced finally polishing the surface.
  • polishing is carried out over large areas with a polishing plate on spherical surfaces.
  • aspherical surfaces are produced using tools such as ball grinders, which have a more or less punctiform engagement with the surface to be machined and which are guided along a path over the surface to be machined.
  • the surface is ground or polished.
  • aspherical surfaces are often only ground in a web; The polishing then does not take the form of a web, but over a large area.
  • the surface polishing results in a more or less large polishing error, which has to be compensated for by corresponding manufacturing provisions in the preceding machining operations.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a device for the abrasive processing of surfaces and in particular for grinding and / or polishing surfaces of optical elements, which is fast
  • Processing of the surfaces is permitted regardless of the shape of the surface being processed.
  • the device for the abrasive processing of surfaces and in particular for grinding and / or polishing optical elements has a tool which has a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet.
  • a supply unit conveys a liquid to the fluid inlet in which abrasive agents are dissolved. This fluid flows through the tool to an outlet through which it exits the tool.
  • this tool is positioned relative to the surface to be machined by a positioning device such that the outlet from which the
  • the surface to be processed is in particular at a short distance from it. It is crucial here that the area of the annular gap formed by the boundary walls of the outlet and by the area to be machined is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the inlet. As a result, the liquid in which abrasive agents are dissolved at a substantially higher pressure than the pressure with which it flows into the inlet, radially through the annular gap to the tool. The surface of the workpiece is machined by the radially flowing liquid. Depending on the type of abrasive agent dissolved in the liquid, the surface is machined in the area of the annular gap and thus in a linear grinding or polishing process. Due to the linear machining, the machining time is reduced by orders of magnitude in comparison to the known methods or devices in which there is an essentially punctiform engagement between the tool and the workpiece.
  • the ratio of the pressure with which the liquid flows into the tool to the pressure with which the liquid exits the annular gap is inversely proportional to the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the inlet to the cross-sectional area of the annular gap formed. This means that the "machining pressure" by positioning the tool relative to the
  • a particular advantage of the invention is that it is possible to work with comparatively low pressures on the inlet side: in particular, the feed unit can convey the liquid at a pressure of less than 20 bar, preferably less than 5 bar, possibly even only at atmospheric pressure.
  • the cross-sectional area of the inlet is at least five times larger than the cross-sectional area of the annular gap formed. It is further preferred if the height of the annular gap formed is less than 3 mm and in particular is approximately 1 mm.
  • the positioning device has a control unit which controls the positioning of the tool in accordance with the surface data of the surface to be produced. It is preferred if the tool is positioned in such a way that the height of the annular gap remains constant during the displacement along the respective tracks.
  • the positioning device can position the tool along any path relative to the workpiece, i. H. move to the surface to be machined.
  • the path can be a meandering path, with either the tool or the workpiece or both being moved.
  • the tool and the element from which a surface is to be machined can be moved simultaneously.
  • the tool is moved along paths that pass through the surface vertex and at the same time the workpiece or the element to be machined is rotated about an axis by a rotating unit, which in particular is the axis of rotation of the surface to be manufactured.
  • the outlet has a circular cross section and the tool has a (circular) cylindrical outer contour at least in the region of the outlet.
  • the fact that the cross-sectional area of the inlet is smaller than that of the outlet means that the surface is machined only in a linear (or circular) manner in the region of the annular gap and not also in the center of the outlet ,
  • the size of the tool is adapted to the shape of the surface to be machined:
  • the outside diameter of the tool can be machined in the area of the outlet for machining flat surfaces
  • the order of magnitude of half the aperture of the optical element is such that very fast processing of the surface is achieved with the greatest possible homogeneity of the processing operation.
  • the outer diameter of the tool is preferably of the order of the smallest radius (smallest main radius of curvature) of the surface; this ensures that the height of the annular gap is practically constant over the entire annular gap formed.
  • the device according to the invention can be used to machine any surfaces of elements or workpieces, which in principle can consist of any materials.
  • the device according to the invention can be used for machining turbine blades made of steel due to the high machining speed.
  • the use of a device according to the invention for grinding and / or polishing optical surfaces is particularly preferred.
  • the respective elements can be used in the case of lenses, prisms, plane-parallel plates etc. - i.e. directly manufactured optical elements - consist of quartz, an optical glass or a plastic material; if molds for the casting and / or pressing etc. of optical elements are to be produced, the elements can also consist of a metal, such as steel, or a ceramic material.
  • the type of removal essentially does not depend on the design of the tool, but on the type of liquid used or the abrasive agent (agent) dissolved in the liquid, one and the same device can be successively used for grinding, possibly fine grinding and finally used to polish an element or workpiece in one and the same setting.
  • the change between the individual types of processing then only requires an exchange or change of the processing fluid used in each case. In any case, however, it is particularly preferred if the device according to the invention is used for processing aspherical surfaces.
  • FIG. 1 shows a device according to the invention when machining a flat surface
  • Fig. 2 shows a device according to the invention when machining a curved and in particular aspherical surface.
  • the tool 1 shows a device according to the invention, of which only the tool 1 is shown, when machining a flat surface 21 of a workpiece 2, which is a plane-parallel plate without restricting generality.
  • the tool 1 has an inlet 11 and an outlet 12, the cross-sectional area of which is larger than that of the inlet 11.
  • a feed unit not shown, conveys a liquid in which abrasive agents, such as abrasives or polishing agents, are dissolved into the inlet 11 of the tool 1
  • the tool 1 is a positioning unit, not shown positioned relative to the workpiece 2 such that an annular gap 3 is formed between the boundary walls 13 of the outlet 12 and the surface 21, the cross-sectional area of which is smaller and preferably substantially smaller than the cross-sectional area of the inlet 11.
  • the pressure at which the liquid emerges from the annular gap 3 is increased by the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the inlet 11 and the annular gap 3.
  • the pressure effective for the machining of the workpiece surface 21 is thus significantly greater than the delivery pressure.
  • the positioning device moves the tool 1 parallel to the surface of the workpiece 2, while a rotating unit, also not shown, rotates the workpiece 2 about an axis 22, so that the linear engagement along the annular gap 3 is shifted over the workpiece 2 such that the entire Surface 21 machined evenly, for example polished.
  • the diameter of the tool 1 is in the order of the radius of the workpiece 2.
  • Fig. 2 shows an apparatus according to the invention during the machining of a curved and in particular aspherical surface 21 ⁇ of a workpiece 2.
  • the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals, is omitted to be presented again.
  • the diameter of the tool 1 is of the order of the smallest radius of the aspherical surface 21 ⁇ .
  • the positioning unit also not shown, pushes tool 1 along paths that run through the apex of surface 21 * *.
  • the workpiece 2 is rotated about an axis of rotation 22 running through the apex.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif servant à l'usinage par abrasion de surfaces d'éléments et comprenant un outil (1) présentant un orifice d'entrée (11) et un orifice de sortie (12), une unité d'amenée qui transporte vers l'orifice d'entrée (11) un liquide dans lequel sont dissous des moyens abrasifs et qui sort par l'orifice de sortie (12), ainsi qu'un dispositif de positionnement qui guide l'outil au-dessus de la surface à usiner en le positionnant de sorte que l'orifice de sortie se trouve face à la surface à usiner. Selon l'invention, la surface de l'interstice annulaire (3) formé par les parois de délimitation (13) de l'orifice de sortie (12) et la surface à usiner (2) est inférieure à la surface de la section de l'orifice d'entrée (11).
EP02716837A 2001-03-20 2002-03-20 Utilisation d'un dispositif pour l'usinage par abrasion de surfaces d'elements et notamment d'elements ou de pieces optiques Expired - Lifetime EP1409199B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10113599 2001-03-20
DE10113599A DE10113599A1 (de) 2001-03-20 2001-03-20 Vorrichtung zur abrasiven Bearbeitung von Flächen von optischen Elementen
PCT/EP2002/003120 WO2002074489A1 (fr) 2001-03-20 2002-03-20 Dispositif pour l'usinage par abrasion de surfaces d'elements et notamment d'elements ou de pieces optiques

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1409199A1 true EP1409199A1 (fr) 2004-04-21
EP1409199B1 EP1409199B1 (fr) 2006-11-29

Family

ID=7678280

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02716837A Expired - Lifetime EP1409199B1 (fr) 2001-03-20 2002-03-20 Utilisation d'un dispositif pour l'usinage par abrasion de surfaces d'elements et notamment d'elements ou de pieces optiques

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (2) US20060141911A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1409199B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10113599A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002074489A1 (fr)

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NL1022293C2 (nl) * 2002-12-31 2004-07-15 Tno Inrichting en werkwijze voor het vervaardigen of bewerken van optische elementen en/of optische vormelementen, alsmede dergelijke elementen.
DE10314625B3 (de) * 2003-04-01 2004-10-14 Optotech Optikmaschinen Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Nacharbeiten von Präzisionsoberflächen
MXPA03006434A (es) * 2003-07-18 2005-01-21 Univ Mexico Nacional Autonoma Herramienta hidrodinamica de flujo radial para el pulido y esmerilado de superficies opticas.
WO2005063441A1 (fr) * 2003-12-23 2005-07-14 C. Hilzinger-Thum Procede et dispositif de rectification de surfaces
NL1026526C2 (nl) * 2004-06-30 2005-05-31 Tno Inrichting en werkwijze voor het vervaardigen of bewerken van optische elementen en/of optische vormelementen, alsmede dergelijke elementen.
EP1618993B9 (fr) * 2004-07-22 2009-03-18 Fisba Optik Ag Procédé pour meuler et/ou polir des surfaces
EP1618992B1 (fr) * 2004-07-22 2008-10-15 Fisba Optik Ag Dispositif et procédé de meulage et/ou polissage de surfaces
EP1977860B1 (fr) * 2007-04-04 2010-12-15 Fisba Optik Ag Dispositif et procédé de fabrication d'éléments optiques
GB2471119B (en) * 2009-06-17 2013-11-27 Nebb Technology As Rotor or stator blade and method for forming such rotor or stator blade
DE102009033206A1 (de) 2009-07-15 2011-01-27 Brand, Guido Polierverfahren und Poliervorrichtung zur Korrektur von geometrischen Abweichungsfehlern auf Präzisionsoberflächen
CN102284911B (zh) * 2011-07-22 2013-01-02 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 一种长程抛光稳定间隙装置
CN103128672B (zh) * 2013-02-05 2015-02-18 浙江工业大学 一种约束磨粒流抛光工具头
CN103128673B (zh) * 2013-02-05 2015-04-29 浙江工业大学 硬脆材料的约束磨粒流抛光工具头
CN103128671B (zh) * 2013-02-05 2015-04-29 浙江工业大学 硬脆材料复杂曲面零件的约束磨粒流抛光加工装置
CN105234825A (zh) * 2015-09-25 2016-01-13 安庆市凯立金刚石科技有限公司 一种用于金刚石膜射流抛光装置
DE102015224933A1 (de) 2015-12-11 2017-06-14 Siltronic Ag Monokristalline Halbleiterscheibe und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Halbleiterscheibe

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2002074489A1 (fr) 2002-09-26
DE50208850D1 (de) 2007-01-11
DE10113599A1 (de) 2002-10-02
US20060141911A1 (en) 2006-06-29
US20080119113A1 (en) 2008-05-22
EP1409199B1 (fr) 2006-11-29

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