EP1408469A2 - Méthode de détection de feux, ainsi que détecteur pour son implémentation - Google Patents

Méthode de détection de feux, ainsi que détecteur pour son implémentation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1408469A2
EP1408469A2 EP03013270A EP03013270A EP1408469A2 EP 1408469 A2 EP1408469 A2 EP 1408469A2 EP 03013270 A EP03013270 A EP 03013270A EP 03013270 A EP03013270 A EP 03013270A EP 1408469 A2 EP1408469 A2 EP 1408469A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiation
wavelength
scattered
measuring volume
backward
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03013270A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1408469A3 (fr
EP1408469B1 (fr
Inventor
Heiner Politze
Ralf Sprenger
Tido Krippendorf
Waldemar Ollik
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Novar GmbH
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Novar GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1408469A3 publication Critical patent/EP1408469A3/fr
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Publication of EP1408469B1 publication Critical patent/EP1408469B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for fire detection according to the scattered light principle by pulsed radiation a radiation of a first wavelength along a first Radiation axis and radiation of a second, in contrast shorter wavelength along a second radiation axis in a measuring volume and measurement of in the Measuring volume particles scattered radiation at a forward spread angle of more than 90 ° and below a backward angle of less than 90 °.
  • the invention further relates to a scattered light fire alarm to carry out this process.
  • WO 01/59 737 is a particular for installation in Ventilation and air conditioning ducts of certain scattered light detectors known, which works according to the aforementioned method and in the measuring chamber a first LED infrared light and a second LED emitting blue light.
  • the LEDs are pulsed alternately.
  • the from the "infrared” LED generated radiation allows the detection of large Particles that are typical of a smoldering fire.
  • the of The "blue" LED generated scattered radiation allows the Detection of small particles typical of fires are open flame. This is explained by the law of Rayleigh, after which the intensity of the scattered light for Particles that are smaller than the wavelength, with the fourth power of the wavelength decreases.
  • the well-known fire detector includes only one photoreceiver, the only two information about the stray radiation intensities provides, depending on the embodiment either the intensity of the forward scattered radiation in the infrared and in the blue waveband or the corresponding intensities the backscatter radiation or the intensity the forward scattered radiation in the infrared wavelength range and the backscatter radiation in the blue wavelength range.
  • the respective arrangement geometries lead however, that the measurement volumes that make up the respective Stray radiation is not identical.
  • a fire detection method is known in which the alarm decision depending on the ratio the intensity of the IR forward scattered radiation to the Intensity of the IR backscatter radiation is hit.
  • the corresponding fire detector works optionally with two Infrared LEDs and a photoreceiver or vice versa with an infrared LED and two photoreceivers.
  • the angle, below which the forward scattered radiation is measured is preferably 140 ° and the angle at which the reverse scattered radiation is measured, is preferably 70 °.
  • the Forming the ratio of the intensities of the forward and the backward scattering allows the distinction lighter from dark smokes because of the light smoke high forward scatter signal and a comparatively small one Reverse scatter signal provides, while darker reversed Smoke a lesser forward scatter signal but in proportion to higher reverse scatter signal provides.
  • the Processing of the absolute intensities or signal levels taking into account the generally lower intensities in the backward scattering area in relation to the the same particles in the same concentration in the forward scattering area generated intensities and the simultaneous Processing the ratios or quotients of these Signal level also allows for certain types of deception to distinguish from smoke. For example, generates water vapor in high concentration a high forward scatter signal, which after the older state of the art for triggering an alarm, in this case, however, a false alarm leads.
  • the invention is based on the object, a method to create, with little additional effort, the sensitivity of stray light fire detectors for small particles and thus the usability of such detectors for detection significantly improved by hot and very hot fires, without this at the expense of increased false alarm frequency goes.
  • This object is achieved in that the forward scattered radiation and the reverse scattered radiation of the first and the second wavelength measured separately and evaluated become.
  • the intelligence implemented by the detector can be result-dependent e.g. a pre-alarm signal, a smoke identification signal, a main alarm signal, etc. are generated.
  • the ratio between the weighted Values of the forward scattered radiation intensity and the backward scattered radiation intensity the first wavelength and the ratio between the weighted values of the forward scattered radiation intensity and the backscatter radiation intensity the second wavelength is formed and in an evaluation logic, with stored values compared and compared the comparison results and generates at least one alarm signal depending on the result be (claim 3).
  • the determined ratio values can themselves put into proportion and saved the result with Values compared with the comparison result Be considered the further processing (claim 5).
  • the scattered radiation of the first and the second wavelength can be on opposite sides of the measuring chamber on the be measured the same major axis (claim 7).
  • the first wavelength and the second Wavelength chosen so that they are not in an integer Relative to each other (claim 9). If namely, the first wavelength and the second wavelength e.g. in the ratio of 1: 2, particles would be at the first wavelength e.g. a particularly large forward scatter signal generate even with lighting with the second Wavelength one exaggerated in the manner of a secondary maximum Generate signal. On the other hand, particles with a Extent equal to the longer wavelength, which then special reflect well, absorb strongly at half the wavelength, So generate almost no stray light.
  • the first wavelength is in the range of 880 nm and the second wavelength in the range of 475 nm, alternatively 370 nm (claim 11).
  • the pulse / pause ratio of the radiation of the first and the second wavelength is suitably greater than 1: 10,000 and preferably in the range of 1: 20000 (claim 12), because of Achieving sufficient sensitivity high radiation intensities necessary.
  • the required for this electrical power not only pollutes the power supply of the detector, but also leads to a considerable Heating the radiation-generating chips of the LEDs, so that a sufficiently long cooling time is required after each pulse is to avoid overheating.
  • a stray light fire detector with one with the ambient air communicating measuring chamber which limits a measuring volume, in the one infrared radiating and one blue emitting LED irradiate from different directions and in the the scattered in the measuring volume particles Radiation is photoelectrically measured and evaluated, wherein this detector according to the invention two photoreceivers which, when confronted with respect to the measuring volume, comprises have a common axis with which the Radiation axes of the two LEDs make an acute angle of less than 90 ° and in one on the Main axis lying point intersecting in the center of the Measuring volume is (claim 13).
  • the LEDs can be arranged on the same side of the main axis be (claim 14).
  • the one photo receiver measures then the forward scattered radiation of the infrared emitting LED and the backscatter radiation of the blue emitting LED, conversely, the other photoreceiver forward scattered radiation the blue emitting LED and the reverse scattered radiation the infrared emitting LED measures.
  • the LEDs may be symmetrical to the main axis be arranged (claim 15), so that the one photoreceptor both forward scatters and the other photoreceiver both reverse scattered radiation measures.
  • the LEDs are point symmetrical to the Center of the measuring volume arranged so that their radiation axes coincide (claim 16). So lie Both the LEDs and the photoreceivers in pairs exactly opposite.
  • This has the advantage that the measured four scattered radiation intensities each of an identical Measuring volume go out.
  • this facilitates symmetrical arrangement also the largely reflection-free Design of the measuring chamber, allows a substantially symmetrical structure of the board on which the LEDs and the Photo receiver sit and leads to a rotationally symmetric and thus of the air inlet direction at least largely independent sensitivity of the detector.
  • the radiation axes of the LEDs close with the main axis each have an acute angle of about 60 ° a (claim 17). At this angle then the respective Reverse scattered radiation measured, the corresponding Forward scattered radiation, however, under the Complementwinkel of 120 °. It has been shown that this is one favorable compromise between that for the measurement of the backscatter radiation in itself more favorable value of 70 ° and the diameter of the measuring chamber, which is the decisive Outer diameter of the detector influenced.
  • each LED and each photoreceiver To the photoreceiver from direct illumination by the LEDs and before lighting through on the walls of the measuring chamber to protect reflected radiation as well as the lighting of the measuring volume by reflected radiation to low hold, sits conveniently each LED and each photoreceiver in a separate tube; besides, outside the Measuring volume, between the LEDs and the photoreceivers, Apertures and radiation traps arranged (claim 18).
  • the method according to the invention is based on the following:
  • Aerosols Depending on the nature of the burning material, a wide range of combustion products is produced, which for the sake of simplicity are referred to below as aerosols or also as particles.
  • Hot fires produce large quantities of small diameter aerosols.
  • an aerosol formation or cluster comprising 100 molecules of CO 2 has a diameter of approximately 2.5 nm.
  • Fires with low energy conversion per unit time ie in particular so-called smoldering fires, generate aerosols with a diameter of up to 100 ⁇ m and sometimes also macroscopic suspended matter. eg ash particles.
  • a flare fire detector suitable for detecting all types of fires would therefore have to recognize aerosols with diameters of 2.5 nm to 100 ⁇ m, ie be able to cover a range of five orders of magnitude.
  • the Rayleigh scattering is not omnidirectional but has pronounced maxima at 0 ° and 180 ° and pronounced minima at 90 ° and at 270 °.
  • the Mie scattering is decisive, which is even more direction-dependent than the Rayleigh scattering and also shows destructive and constructive interference effects by interaction of the irradiated with the reflected radiation on the particle.
  • the scattering intensity is largely wavelength-independent and depends primarily on the type and shape of the particle.
  • the invention therefore four in each measurement cycle Stray radiation intensities measured, namely the forward scattered radiation and the reverse scattered radiation in the infrared Range and the same values in the blue area Light.
  • Signal levels increase the measurement dynamics and to simplify further processing, the corresponding ones Resting level, preferably with a safety discount (corresponding to a multiplication of the quiescent level with a factor ⁇ 1), subtracted.
  • the thus obtained Result values are then included in an evaluation logic stored values, in particular thresholds, compared. Additional information will be provided by education Ratios of the results and recent comparison with saved reference values.
  • the results of this Operations may themselves, e.g. Voted on the respective environment in which the detector is used, linked and evaluated. This way you can a series of meaningful intermediate results, e.g. For different pre-alarms, and finally alarms win.
  • Fig. 1 is a first preferred embodiment of a illustrated for performing this method suitable detector.
  • On a base plate 1.7 is one with a thin one Circle schematically indicated, spherical measuring volume defined with a center 1.5.
  • this measurement volume sends an infrared emitting LED 1.1a along a first one Radiation axis.
  • Her right opposite is a blue-blazing one LED 1.1b, in the measuring volume along a second Radiation axis sends.
  • the first and the second radiation axis fall together.
  • the photodiode 1.2a measures that of the generated "infrared” LED 1.1a of particles in the measuring volume, infrared forward scattered radiation at an angle of 120 ° and the blue generated on the "blue” LED 1.1b Scattered radiation at a backward angle of 60 °.
  • the photodiode 1.2b measures the blue forward scattered radiation, generated by the "blue” LED 1.1b, at the angle ⁇ of 120 ° and the infrared backscatter radiation, generated by the "infrared” LED 1.1a is under a backward angle of 60 °.
  • the LEDs and the Photodiodes in tubes such as 1.6.
  • the LEDs and the Photodiodes Apertures such as 1.3a, 1.3b and 1.4a and 1.4b arranged.
  • a temperature sensor On the base plate 1.7 are further sensors, e.g. at 1.8 a temperature sensor and at 1.9 a gas sensor arranged.
  • a Circuit board for generating the current pulses for the LEDs 1.1a and 1.1b and for processing of the photodiodes 1.2a and 1.2b supplied electrical signals.
  • the base plate 1.7 in a detector housing (not shown) accommodated an exchange between the ambient air and the air in the measuring chamber allows, but extraneous light from the measuring chamber keeps away.
  • Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the detector, with the same components as in Figure 1, but in another geometric arrangement. To illustrate this, is the first digit of the respective reference numerals instead of "1" here "2".
  • the first photodiode 2.2a measures the forward scattered radiation the "infarct” LED 2.1a and the backscatter radiation the "blue” LED 2.1b.
  • the second photodiode 2.2b conversely measures the forward scattered radiation, the generated by the "blue” LED 2.1b and the reverse scattered radiation, generated by the "infarct” LED 2.1a becomes.
  • the photodiodes 2.2a and 2.2b can their position with the Swap LEDs 2.1a and 2.1b, so that then the two Photodiodes with respect to the measuring center 2.5 exactly opposite.
  • Figure 3 shows a third embodiment of the detector, with the same components as in Fig. 2, but in another geometric arrangement. To illustrate this, is the first digit of the respective reference instead of "2" here "3".
  • the two LEDs and the two photodiodes are not reversed be arranged, because in this case would the two photodiodes simultaneously the forward scattered radiation the one LED and then the reverse scattered radiation the other LED measure, so four Deliver readings, but two in pairs at least approximately the same.
  • the stray radiation measured at angles of 120 ° and 60 °, respectively.
  • compliance with these angles is not necessary Condition for carrying out the proposed with the invention Process.
  • the only important thing is that the Angle be chosen so that in forward scatter direction and sufficient in reverse direction on the one hand high intensities, on the other hand for as many different Brand-following products sufficiently different Intensities in the forward scattering area and in the backward scattering area of the particles concerned.
EP03013270A 2002-10-07 2003-06-12 Méthode de détection de feux, ainsi que détecteur pour son implémentation Expired - Lifetime EP1408469B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10246756 2002-10-07
DE10246756A DE10246756B4 (de) 2002-10-07 2002-10-07 Branderkennungsverfahren und Brandmelder zu dessen Durchführung

Publications (3)

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EP1408469A2 true EP1408469A2 (fr) 2004-04-14
EP1408469A3 EP1408469A3 (fr) 2004-07-14
EP1408469B1 EP1408469B1 (fr) 2009-05-27

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EP03013270A Expired - Lifetime EP1408469B1 (fr) 2002-10-07 2003-06-12 Méthode de détection de feux, ainsi que détecteur pour son implémentation

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US (2) US7239387B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1408469B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE432518T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10246756B4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2326631T3 (fr)
HK (1) HK1060426A1 (fr)
TW (1) TW200532593A (fr)

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WO2008006578A1 (fr) 2006-07-12 2008-01-17 Hochschule Für Technik Und Wirtschaft Des Saarlandes Dispositif et procédé de distinction de types de brouillards
EP1887536A1 (fr) * 2006-08-09 2008-02-13 Siemens Schweiz AG Détecteur de fumée à lumière diffusée
EP2706515A1 (fr) * 2012-09-07 2014-03-12 Amrona AG Dispositif et procédé de détection de signaux de lumière diffusée
DE202015000820U1 (de) 2014-12-01 2015-03-04 Siemens Schweiz Ag Streulichtrauchmelder mit zwei zweifarbigen Leuchtdioden und einem gemeinsamen Photosensor oder mit einer zweifarbigen Leuchtdiode und mit zwei Photosensoren jeweils in einer Vorwärts- und Rückwärtsstreulichtanordnung
US9036150B2 (en) 2011-11-25 2015-05-19 Apparatebau Gauting Gmbh Scattered radiation fire detector and method for the automatic detection of a fire situation
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008006578A1 (fr) 2006-07-12 2008-01-17 Hochschule Für Technik Und Wirtschaft Des Saarlandes Dispositif et procédé de distinction de types de brouillards
EP1879158A1 (fr) * 2006-07-14 2008-01-16 Siemens Schweiz AG Procédé de détection de fumée et détecteur de fumée optique
EP1887536A1 (fr) * 2006-08-09 2008-02-13 Siemens Schweiz AG Détecteur de fumée à lumière diffusée
WO2008017698A1 (fr) * 2006-08-09 2008-02-14 Siemens Schweiz Ag Détecteur de fumée à lumière diffuse
US9036150B2 (en) 2011-11-25 2015-05-19 Apparatebau Gauting Gmbh Scattered radiation fire detector and method for the automatic detection of a fire situation
EP2706515A1 (fr) * 2012-09-07 2014-03-12 Amrona AG Dispositif et procédé de détection de signaux de lumière diffusée
US9244010B2 (en) 2012-09-07 2016-01-26 Amrona Ag Device and method for detecting scattered light signals
CN103782327A (zh) * 2012-09-07 2014-05-07 艾摩罗那股份公司 用于检测散射光信号的设备和方法
WO2014037520A1 (fr) * 2012-09-07 2014-03-13 Amrona Ag Dispositif et procédé de détection de signaux de lumière diffusée
EP2839448B1 (fr) 2012-09-07 2015-07-22 Amrona AG Dispositif et procédé de détection de signaux de lumière diffusée
CN103782327B (zh) * 2012-09-07 2015-08-05 艾摩罗那股份公司 用于检测散射光信号的设备和方法
EP3029648A1 (fr) 2014-12-01 2016-06-08 Siemens Schweiz AG Détecteur de fumée à écran diffusant doté de deux diodes lumineuses bicolores et d'un photo-capteur commun ou d'une diode lumineuse bicolore et de deux photo-capteurs chacun dans une disposition avant et arrière de lumière diffusée
DE202015000820U1 (de) 2014-12-01 2015-03-04 Siemens Schweiz Ag Streulichtrauchmelder mit zwei zweifarbigen Leuchtdioden und einem gemeinsamen Photosensor oder mit einer zweifarbigen Leuchtdiode und mit zwei Photosensoren jeweils in einer Vorwärts- und Rückwärtsstreulichtanordnung
EP3287999A1 (fr) 2016-08-25 2018-02-28 Siemens Schweiz AG Procede de detection d'incendie selon le principe de diffusion de la lumiere avec connexion echelonnee d'une autre unite a del pour emettre d'autres impulsions de lumiere de differentes longueurs d'onde et angle de diffusion de lumiere et un tel detecteur de fumee a ecran diffusant
WO2018036754A1 (fr) 2016-08-25 2018-03-01 Siemens Schweiz Ag Procédé de détection d'incendie selon le principe de lumière diffusée avec allumage échelonné d'une autre unité de del pour rayonner d'autres impulsions lumineuses de différentes longueurs d'onde et selon d'autres angles de diffusion ainsi que détecteur de fumées à lumière diffusée
CN109601019A (zh) * 2016-08-25 2019-04-09 西门子瑞士有限公司 用于根据散射光原理、借助用于使不同波长和散射光角度的另外的光脉冲入射的另外的led单元交错地接通来进行火灾探测的方法以及这样的散射光烟雾报警器
US10685546B2 (en) 2016-08-25 2020-06-16 Siemens Schweiz Ag Fire detection using the scattered light principle with a staggered activation of a further LED unit for radiating in further light pulses with different wavelengths and scattered light angles
EP3321906A1 (fr) * 2016-11-11 2018-05-16 Kidde Technologies, Inc. Détection à base de fibres optiques à haute sensibilité
CN108072596A (zh) * 2016-11-11 2018-05-25 基德科技公司 基于高灵敏度光纤的检测

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US7298479B2 (en) 2007-11-20
EP1408469A3 (fr) 2004-07-14
US20070229824A1 (en) 2007-10-04
ES2326631T3 (es) 2009-10-16
EP1408469B1 (fr) 2009-05-27
TW200532593A (en) 2005-10-01
US20040066512A1 (en) 2004-04-08
US7239387B2 (en) 2007-07-03
DE10246756A1 (de) 2004-04-22
HK1060426A1 (en) 2004-08-06
DE50311545D1 (de) 2009-07-09
DE10246756B4 (de) 2006-03-16
ATE432518T1 (de) 2009-06-15

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