EP1879158A1 - Procédé de détection de fumée et détecteur de fumée optique - Google Patents

Procédé de détection de fumée et détecteur de fumée optique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1879158A1
EP1879158A1 EP06117246A EP06117246A EP1879158A1 EP 1879158 A1 EP1879158 A1 EP 1879158A1 EP 06117246 A EP06117246 A EP 06117246A EP 06117246 A EP06117246 A EP 06117246A EP 1879158 A1 EP1879158 A1 EP 1879158A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transmitter
optical
receiver
received
scattering volume
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06117246A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Walter Vollenweider
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Schweiz AG
Original Assignee
Siemens Schweiz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Schweiz AG filed Critical Siemens Schweiz AG
Priority to EP06117246A priority Critical patent/EP1879158A1/fr
Publication of EP1879158A1 publication Critical patent/EP1879158A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the field of fire detection and relates to a method for the detection of smoke by determining the caused by an aerosol in a scattering volume scattering of light in two optical links, each containing a transmitter, and a receiver, and an optical smoke detector with at least two optical links each having a transmitter, a receiver and a common scattering volume.
  • scattered light detectors contain a transmitter, preferably an LED, a spreader and a receiver, which usually consists of a PIN diode or other suitable photodiode or a phototransistor with a downstream amplifier.
  • the light beam emitted by the transmitter illuminates the spreader room and the receiver looks in the direction of the spreader room, but is in no way within the range of the emitted light beam.
  • smoke or another aerosol enters the spreader room, light is scattered by the transmitter and thus partially reaches the receiver.
  • the amount of light received is a measure of the smoke density.
  • the detector triggers an alarm.
  • Such scattered light detectors are for example in the EP-A-0 772 170 and the EP-A-0 821 331 described.
  • optical smoke detectors Another known type of optical smoke detector are the so-called extinction detectors, which detect the attenuation of a light beam emitted by a transmitter to a receiver, caused by smoke. A distinction is made between line and point extinction detectors, the essential difference between these being the length of the light beam between transmitter and receiver.
  • this length is usually more than 10 meters and for the point extinction detector less than 10 centimeters.
  • the extinction detectors see for example the EP-A-1 391 860 (Line extinction detector) and the EP-A-1 017 034 (Point-Extin Needlessmelder).
  • the signal of the receiver depends not only on the aerosol that has entered the spreader room, but also on the physical properties of the sender and receiver, and can also be influenced by other variables such as soiling of the detector, the influencing variables in their entirety can have a very large dispersion.
  • an adjustment of the Detectors required in the manufacture can also change during the lifetime of the detector. For example, the efficiency of the transmitter diodes may drop and / or the detector may become dirty.
  • the invention will now be a method for detecting smoke and an optical smoke detector of the type specified are given, in which in the manufacture of the smoke detector no adjustment is required and changes in the factors during the life of the detector have no effect on its signal.
  • the at least two optical paths are arranged so that scattered in the scattering volume of the transmitter of an optical path can partially enter the receiver of the other optical path and vice versa and that for Determining the aforementioned scatter the signals received from the two receivers are linked.
  • the smoke detector according to the invention is characterized in that each transmitter sends a light beam into the scattering volume and directly to its associated receiver, that the at least two optical paths are arranged so that light from the transmitter of the one optical path which is scattered in the scattering volume, partially in can reach the receiver of the other optical path and vice versa, and that the determination of the scattering caused by an aerosol in the scattering volume by linking the received signals from the two receivers.
  • a first preferred embodiment of the inventive optical smoke detector is characterized in that two optical paths are provided and that the transmitter and receiver of each optical path are arranged so that the optical paths intersect in the scattering volume at a certain angle.
  • a second preferred embodiment is characterized in that the determination of the smoke density caused by an aerosol in the scattering volume is effected by a combination of four signals, namely the signals received by both receivers from both transmitters.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the optical smoke detector according to the invention is characterized in that both transmitters are supplied with an electrical signal and the electrical signals of the two receivers are determined, the signal emitted by the first transmitter and received by the second receiver being transmitted by the second transmitter multiplied and multiplied by the product of the signal transmitted by the first transmitter and received by the first receiver multiplied by the signal transmitted by the second transmitter and received by the second receiver.
  • the illustrated optical smoke detector includes two inclined optical paths A and B which intersect at the absorptive and scattering volume of the detector indicated by reference V.
  • the volume V referred to below as the scattering volume, is located in the measuring chamber of the detector in a known manner.
  • the first optical path A consists of a first transmitter 1 and a first receiver 5 arranged on the opposite side of the scattering volume V, the second optical path B analogously of a second transmitter 11 and a second receiver 15 arranged on the opposite side of the scattering volume V.
  • the angle of inclination between the two optical paths A and B is approximately 60 ° as shown, but is variable within wide limits. It should also be noted that the illustrated smoke detector and the measuring principle described also work when the optical paths A and B do not cross or intersect but are only slightly offset from each other.
  • an electrical signal S 1 is applied , which is converted with a certain efficiency into optical power.
  • the corresponding optical signal passes through a path 2 in the scattering volume and propagates in this straight for the most part on a path 3, where it suffers a certain attenuation.
  • the light emitted by the first transmitter 1 propagates on a path 4 until it enters the first receiver 5 and is converted therein into the electrical power E 1 with a certain degree of efficiency.
  • the ratio of the electric power output from the first receiver 5 to the optical power entering the path 4 is hereinafter referred to as e 1 (Table 1).
  • An electrical signal S 2 is applied to the second transmitter 11, which is converted into optical power with a certain degree of efficiency.
  • the corresponding optical signal passes through a path 12 in the scattering volume V and propagates in this straight for the most part on a path 13, wherein it suffers a certain attenuation.
  • the light emitted by the second transmitter 11 propagates on a path 14 until it enters the second receiver 15 and is converted therein into the electrical power E 2 with a certain degree of efficiency.
  • the ratio of the electrical power output from the second receiver 15 to the optical power entering the path 14 is hereinafter referred to as e 2 (Table 1).
  • the individual components are chosen and the circuit is designed so that the ratio of the output from the second receiver 15 electrical to the path 14 entering optical power over a large range is sufficiently constant, so that this ratio even in the case of the path 13 to the path 14 reaching stray light with sufficient accuracy equal to e 2 can be set.
  • the scattering volume V In the scattering volume V, in the presence of an aerosol, moreover, a certain proportion of the light entering via the path 12 is scattered. This scattered light leaves the scattering volume V via a dashed path 16 and propagates thereon until it enters the first receiver 5. In this, it is with a certain efficiency in an electric power E 12 implemented. If the above-mentioned conditions for selection of the components and design of the circuit are met, the ratio of the electrical power output from the first receiver 5 to the optical power entering the path 4 may also be in the case of passing over the path 16 to the path 4 Stray light can be set to e1 with sufficient accuracy.
  • Table 1 S 1 electrical signal to first transmitter 1 S 1 Ratio of the entering into the scattering volume V optical power to the voltage applied to the first transmitter 1 electrical power x 1 Attenuation of light from path 2 in the scattering volume V (path 3) e 1 Ratio of the electrical power delivered by the first receiver 5 to the optical power entering the path 4 S 2 electrical signal to second transmitter 11 S 2 Ratio of the entering into the scattering volume V optical power to the applied to the second transmitter 11 electrical power x 2 Attenuation of the light from the path 12 in the scattering volume V (path 13) e 2 Ratio of the electrical power delivered by the second receiver 15 to the optical power entering the path 14 X 21 Ratio of the scattered light emerging from the path 13 to the light entering the scattering volume V on the path 2 X 12 Ratio of the scattered light emerging from the path 16 to the light entering the scattering volume V on the path 12 E 1 electric power of the first
  • Each of the two receivers 5, 15 receives direct light from the transmitter 1 or 11 of its optical path 2 or 12 and scattered light from the transmitter 11 or 1 of the other optical path 12 or 2. From the various of the two receivers 5, 15th emitted signals E 1 , E 12 ; E 2 , E 21 is now determined in the following manner, the smoke density:
  • the power of the light entering the scattering volume V from the first transmitter 1 is S 1 s 1 .
  • this light is attenuated by the factor x 1 .
  • the power of the light coming from the first transmitter 1 to the second receiver 15 can be calculated in the same way.
  • the power of the light entering the scattering volume V from the first transmitter 1 is S 1 s 1 .
  • the electrical power output by the second receiver 15 is here designated E 21 to indicate that the optical power originates from the first transmitter 1 and not from the second transmitter 11.
  • E 21 The electrical power output by the second receiver 15
  • the smoke detector shown schematically in the drawing is constructed so that the scattering angle between the paths 3 and 13 with sufficient accuracy is the same size as the scattering angle between the paths 6 and 16.
  • the coefficients s 1 , s 2 , e 1 and e 2 are eliminated in the simplest manner and thus all fabrication tolerances and aging phenomena of the electronic components can be eliminated, so that it is no longer necessary to protect the detector during fabrication or in the process Framework of maintenance work.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
EP06117246A 2006-07-14 2006-07-14 Procédé de détection de fumée et détecteur de fumée optique Withdrawn EP1879158A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06117246A EP1879158A1 (fr) 2006-07-14 2006-07-14 Procédé de détection de fumée et détecteur de fumée optique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06117246A EP1879158A1 (fr) 2006-07-14 2006-07-14 Procédé de détection de fumée et détecteur de fumée optique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1879158A1 true EP1879158A1 (fr) 2008-01-16

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ID=37329819

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06117246A Withdrawn EP1879158A1 (fr) 2006-07-14 2006-07-14 Procédé de détection de fumée et détecteur de fumée optique

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1879158A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH546989A (de) * 1972-12-06 1974-03-15 Cerberus Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zur brandmeldung.
US5352901A (en) * 1993-04-26 1994-10-04 Cummins Electronics Company, Inc. Forward and back scattering loss compensated smoke detector
GB2314618A (en) * 1996-06-26 1998-01-07 David Appleby Smoke detector using light scatter and extinction
US6225910B1 (en) * 1999-12-08 2001-05-01 Gentex Corporation Smoke detector
EP1408469A2 (fr) * 2002-10-07 2004-04-14 Novar GmbH Méthode de détection de feux, ainsi que détecteur pour son implémentation

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH546989A (de) * 1972-12-06 1974-03-15 Cerberus Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zur brandmeldung.
US5352901A (en) * 1993-04-26 1994-10-04 Cummins Electronics Company, Inc. Forward and back scattering loss compensated smoke detector
GB2314618A (en) * 1996-06-26 1998-01-07 David Appleby Smoke detector using light scatter and extinction
US6225910B1 (en) * 1999-12-08 2001-05-01 Gentex Corporation Smoke detector
EP1408469A2 (fr) * 2002-10-07 2004-04-14 Novar GmbH Méthode de détection de feux, ainsi que détecteur pour son implémentation

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