EP1408148B1 - Process and installation for producing a nonwoven having good tensile strength properties - Google Patents

Process and installation for producing a nonwoven having good tensile strength properties Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1408148B1
EP1408148B1 EP20030292296 EP03292296A EP1408148B1 EP 1408148 B1 EP1408148 B1 EP 1408148B1 EP 20030292296 EP20030292296 EP 20030292296 EP 03292296 A EP03292296 A EP 03292296A EP 1408148 B1 EP1408148 B1 EP 1408148B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
conveyor
transport element
mat
installation
producing
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EP20030292296
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1408148A1 (en
EP1408148B2 (en
Inventor
Frédéric NOELLE
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Andritz Perfojet SAS
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Andritz Perfojet SAS
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
    • D04H3/11—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically by fluid jet
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/007—Addition polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/009—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H3/011—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/681—Spun-bonded nonwoven fabric
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/689—Hydroentangled nonwoven fabric

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to processes and facilities for producing nonwovens. More particularly, the invention relates to the production of nonwovens using a spun-bond tower depositing a sheet of filaments on a first conveyor.
  • the invention makes it possible to obtain a nonwoven having better properties in a spum-bond tower,
  • the invention therefore relates to a method as defined in the Rev. 1
  • the transport element may be a second conveyor or a hollow cylinder or drum.
  • this ratio can even be improved by giving the support which has the shape of a second transport element a linear speed less than that of the first conveyor.
  • the invention also relates to a plant for producing a nonwoven fabric comprising a spun-bond tower depositing a sheet of filaments on a conveyor, the sheet being sent on a first transport element to entanglement consolidation means. as defined in Rev. 3.
  • Said means comprise a second transport element having a vacuum device holding the web on the outer surface of the second transport element.
  • the second transport element may be a drum or a conveyor.
  • the first conveyor is more permeable to air than the first transport element.
  • the conveyor has, for example, an air permeability of 500 to 1100 CFM (14.1 m 3 / min at 31 m 3 / min.) While the second movable element has a permeability to air from 50 to 500 (1.41 m 3 / min to 14.1 m 3 / min).
  • the conveyor (2) is generally a double or triple layer synthetic fabric with antistatic properties and a high roughness.
  • the second transport element (5) is a synthetic fabric or metal single-layer canvas, twill or satin reinforcement and low roughness
  • the first conveyor is rougher than the second conveyor.
  • the first conveyor directly sends the sheet to the means for passing the filament web on the first transport element.
  • the single figure is a schematic view of a production facility of a nonwoven. It includes a 1 spun-bond tower.
  • a spun-bond tower comprises a device for extruding polymers, in particular polypropylene or polyester, which opens into a spinneret giving filaments of polymers which are then cooled in a cooling device, then always in the downward direction, stretched in a drawing device and deposited in the form of a web on a first endless conveyor 2 having a good air permeability and relatively rough so that the filaments are deposited without sliding on its surface.
  • the upper strand of the conveyor 2, on which the filament web is deposited passes into the nip between two pressure rollers 3 constituting a compacting device.
  • the pressure rollers have been shown in dashes in the figure because they are optional.
  • the sheet passes over a hollow drum 4 (second conveying element) inside which there is a depression, so that the sheet is applied to the lower part of the drum 4 and the properties of the the sheet does not change as it would be if it passed directly from one conveyor to another with the ensuing tensile phenomena.
  • the web is taken up by a conveyor 5 (first transport element), and passes under devices 6 consolidation by jetting water jets with a diameter between 50 and 250 microns and at a pressure between 20 and 1000 bar and water is projected by these devices 6 on the web and entangling the fibers.
  • the conveyor 5 is less permeable to air than the conveyor 2.
  • the return roller 7 of the conveyor 5, which is the closest to the suction cylinder 4, can also be provided with a suction to facilitate the passage of the web of the drum 4 to the conveyor 5.
  • the drum 4 rotates counterclockwise at a linear speed smaller than the speed of movement of the conveyor 2 from left to right in the figure.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte aux procédés et aux installations de production de non-tissés. Plus particulièrement, l'invention se rapporte à la production de non-tissés à l'aide d'une tour spun-bond déposant une nappe de filaments sur un premier convoyeur.The present invention relates to processes and facilities for producing nonwovens. More particularly, the invention relates to the production of nonwovens using a spun-bond tower depositing a sheet of filaments on a first conveyor.

Dans la technique spun-bond on consolide une nappe très lâche qui est déposée sur un premier convoyeur par compression et fusion dans une calandre. La fusion dégrade la matière en sorte que la nappe a moins de résistance et a un toucher plus plastique. La fusion densifie la matière et la rend rigide. Le liage chimique implique l'apport de produits chimiques coûteux et qui ne sont pas souhaitables pour certaines applications.In the spun-bond technique, a very loose web is consolidated which is deposited on a first conveyor by compression and melting in a shell. The melting degrades the material so that the web has less resistance and a more plastic feel. Fusion densifies matter and makes it rigid. Chemical bonding involves the supply of expensive chemicals that are undesirable for some applications.

On a déjà décrit au brevet des Etats-Unis d'Amérique n° 3 485 706 un procédé et une installation dans lequel on consolide la nappe de filaments déposée sur un premier convoyeur d'une tour spun-bond par des moyens d'enchevêtrement à jets d'eau.US Pat. No. 3,485,706 has already described a method and an installation in which the filament web deposited on a first conveyor of a spun-bond tower is consolidated by entanglement means. water jets.

L'invention permet d'obtenir un non-tissé ayant de meilleures propriétés dans une tour spum-bond,The invention makes it possible to obtain a nonwoven having better properties in a spum-bond tower,

L'invention a donc pour objet un procédé tel que défini à la Rev. 1The invention therefore relates to a method as defined in the Rev. 1

L'élément de transport peut être un second convoyeur ou un cylindre ou tambour creux.The transport element may be a second conveyor or a hollow cylinder or drum.

On a maintenant compris qu'il né fallait pas utiliser le convoyeur sur lequel se dépose la nappe de filaments en déplacement à partir de la tour spun-bond comme élément de transport sur lequel s'effectue l'enchevêtrement des filaments par jets d'eau sous pression. La nappe en consolidation, à enchevêtrer par les moyens d'enchevêtrement, s'accroche dans les mailles trop grandes du convoyeur en sorte que le non-tissé finalement obtenu présente des marques qui le rendent non marchand. L'enchevêtrement est également moins bon en raison de cet accrochage et de la structure de l'élément de transport. On a donc songé à changer de convoyeur en adoptant un convoyeur plus perméable à l'air comme premier convoyeur et un convoyeur ou un cylindre moins perméable à l'air pour effectuer la consolidation par enchevêtrement à l'aide de jets d'eau. Mais il s'est avéré que le passage d'un convoyeur à cet élément de transport portait atteinte aux propriétés du non-tissé et notamment faisait que le rapport de la résistance à la traction dans le sens long à la résistance à la traction dans le sens travers du non-tissé était moins bon que celui de la nappe de filaments issue de la tour spun-bond. C'est pourquoi on fait passer maintenant, suivant l'invention, la nappe du premier convoyeur à l'élément de transport en la soumettant à une dépression l'appliquant sur un support. Par ce moyen on conserve le rapport de la résistance à la traction dans le sens long à la résistance à la traction dans le sens travers de la nappe de filaments en déplacement dans le non-tissé finalement obtenu après consolidation.It has now been understood that it was not necessary to use the conveyor on which the filament web moving from the spun-bond tower is deposited as a transport element on which the entanglement of the filaments by jets of water takes place. under pressure. The web in consolidation, entangled by means of entanglement, clings in the mesh too large conveyor so that the nonwoven finally obtained has marks that make it non-market. The entanglement is also worse because of this attachment and the structure of the transport element. It was therefore considered to change the conveyor by adopting a more breathable conveyor as the first conveyor and a conveyor or a cylinder less permeable to air to effect consolidation by entanglement with water jets. But it turned out that the passage of a conveyor to this transport element impaired the properties of the nonwoven and in particular caused the ratio of the tensile strength in the long direction to the tensile strength in the transverse direction of the nonwoven was not as good as that of the filament layer from the spun-bond tower. That is why we now pass, according to the invention, the web of the first conveyor to the transport element by subjecting it to a depression applying it on a support. By this means, the ratio of the tensile strength in the long direction to the transverse tensile strength of the moving filament web in the nonwoven finally obtained after consolidation is maintained.

Suivant un mode de réalisation, on peut même améliorer ce rapport en donnant au support qui a la forme d'un second élément de transport une vitesse linéaire moindre que celle du premier convoyeur.According to one embodiment, this ratio can even be improved by giving the support which has the shape of a second transport element a linear speed less than that of the first conveyor.

L'invention vise également une installation de production d'un non-tissé comprenant une tour spun-bond déposant une nappe de filaments sur un convoyeur, la nappe étant envoyée sur un premier élément de transport à des moyens de consolidation par enchevêtrement. telle que définie à la Rev. 3.The invention also relates to a plant for producing a nonwoven fabric comprising a spun-bond tower depositing a sheet of filaments on a conveyor, the sheet being sent on a first transport element to entanglement consolidation means. as defined in Rev. 3.

Lesdits moyens comprennent un second élément de transport ayant un dispositif de mise en dépression maintenant la nappe sur la surface extérieure du second élément de transport.Said means comprise a second transport element having a vacuum device holding the web on the outer surface of the second transport element.

Le second élément de transport peut être un tambour ou un convoyeur.The second transport element may be a drum or a conveyor.

Le premier convoyeur est plus perméable à l'air que le premier élément de transport. Le convoyeur a par exemple une perméabilité à l'air de 500 à 1 100 CFM (pied cube par minute) (14,1 m3/min. à 31 m3/min.) tandis que le deuxième élément mobile a une perméabilité à l'air de 50 à 500 (1,41 m3/min. à 14,1 m3/min.).The first conveyor is more permeable to air than the first transport element. The conveyor has, for example, an air permeability of 500 to 1100 CFM (14.1 m 3 / min at 31 m 3 / min.) While the second movable element has a permeability to air from 50 to 500 (1.41 m 3 / min to 14.1 m 3 / min).

Le convoyeur (2) est généralement un tissu synthétique double ou triple couche ave des propriétés antistatiques et une forte rugosité. Le deuxième élément de transport (5) est un tissu synthétique ou métallique simple couche d'armature toile, sergé ou satin et à faible rugositéThe conveyor (2) is generally a double or triple layer synthetic fabric with antistatic properties and a high roughness. The second transport element (5) is a synthetic fabric or metal single-layer canvas, twill or satin reinforcement and low roughness

De préférence, le premier convoyeur est plus rugueux que le deuxième élément de transport.Preferably, the first conveyor is rougher than the second conveyor.

Suivant un mode de réalisation tout particulièrement apprécié, le premier convoyeur envoie directement la nappe aux moyens destinés à faire passer la nappe de filaments sur le premier élément de transport. Par directement, on entend notamment qu'il n'y a pas d'interposition d'une calandre.According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the first conveyor directly sends the sheet to the means for passing the filament web on the first transport element. By directly, one hears in particular that there is no interposition of a calender.

On mesure la perméabilité à l'air de la manière suivante :

  • La mesure de perméabilité est réalisée sur un perméabilimètre PX 3 300 commercialisé par la Société TEXTEST.
  • L'échantillon de tissu est placé sur la tête de mesure de l'appareil.
  • La valeur de perméabilité à l'air est donnée directement par l'appareil en CFM pour un différentiel de pression de 100 pascals.
  • La valeur retenue est la moyenne de 5 mesures.
The air permeability is measured as follows:
  • The permeability measurement is performed on a PX 3,300 permeabilimeter marketed by TEXTEST.
  • The tissue sample is placed on the measuring head of the device.
  • The air permeability value is given directly by the CFM device for a pressure differential of 100 pascals.
  • The value used is the average of 5 measurements.

La figure unique du dessin annexé illustre l'invention.The single figure of the accompanying drawing illustrates the invention.

La figure unique est une vue schématique d'une installation de production d'un non-tissé. Elle comprend une tour 1 spun-bond. Une tour spun-bond comprend un dispositif d'extrusion de polymères, notamment de polypropylène ou de polyester, qui débouche dans une filière donnant des filaments de polymères qui sont ensuite refroidis dans un dispositif de refroidissement, puis toujours dans le sens descendant, étirés dans un dispositif d'étirage et déposés sous la forme d'une nappe sur un premier convoyeur 2 sans fin ayant une bonne perméabilité à l'air et relativement rugueux de façon à ce que les filaments se déposent sans glisser sur sa surface. Le brin supérieur du convoyeur 2, sur lequel est déposée la nappe de filaments, passe dans le pincement compris entre deux rouleaux 3 presseurs constituant un dispositif de compactage. Ces rouleaux presseurs ont été représentés en tirets à la figure parce qu'ils sont facultatifs. A la sortie du premier convoyeur 2, la nappe passe sur un tambour 4 creux (second élément de transport) à l'intérieur duquel règne une dépression, de sorte que la nappe est appliquée sur la partie inférieure du tambour 4 et que les propriétés de la nappe ne se modifient pas comme ce serait le cas si elle passait directement d'un convoyeur à un autre avec les phénomènes de traction qui s'ensuivent. A la sortie du tambour la nappe est reprise par un convoyeur 5 (premier élément de transport), et passe sous des dispositifs 6 de consolidation par projection de jets d'eau d'un diamètre compris entre 50 et 250 microns et sous une pression comprise entre 20 et 1 000 bars et de l'eau est projetée par ces dispositifs 6 sur la nappe et enchevêtrant les fibres. Le convoyeur 5 est moins perméable à l'air que le convoyeur 2.The single figure is a schematic view of a production facility of a nonwoven. It includes a 1 spun-bond tower. A spun-bond tower comprises a device for extruding polymers, in particular polypropylene or polyester, which opens into a spinneret giving filaments of polymers which are then cooled in a cooling device, then always in the downward direction, stretched in a drawing device and deposited in the form of a web on a first endless conveyor 2 having a good air permeability and relatively rough so that the filaments are deposited without sliding on its surface. The upper strand of the conveyor 2, on which the filament web is deposited, passes into the nip between two pressure rollers 3 constituting a compacting device. These pressure rollers have been shown in dashes in the figure because they are optional. At the outlet of the first conveyor 2, the sheet passes over a hollow drum 4 (second conveying element) inside which there is a depression, so that the sheet is applied to the lower part of the drum 4 and the properties of the the sheet does not change as it would be if it passed directly from one conveyor to another with the ensuing tensile phenomena. AT the exit of the drum the web is taken up by a conveyor 5 (first transport element), and passes under devices 6 consolidation by jetting water jets with a diameter between 50 and 250 microns and at a pressure between 20 and 1000 bar and water is projected by these devices 6 on the web and entangling the fibers. The conveyor 5 is less permeable to air than the conveyor 2.

Le rouleau 7 de renvoi du convoyeur 5, qui est le plus proche du cylindre 4 aspirant, peut être muni lui aussi d'une aspiration pour faciliter le passage de la nappe du tambour 4 au convoyeur 5.The return roller 7 of the conveyor 5, which is the closest to the suction cylinder 4, can also be provided with a suction to facilitate the passage of the web of the drum 4 to the conveyor 5.

Dans un mode de réalisation, le tambour 4 tourne dans le sens inverse des aiguilles d'une montre à une vitesse linéaire plus petite que la vitesse de déplacement du convoyeur 2 de la gauche vers la droite à la figure.In one embodiment, the drum 4 rotates counterclockwise at a linear speed smaller than the speed of movement of the conveyor 2 from left to right in the figure.

Claims (9)

  1. A method for producing a nonwoven fabric in which a mat of filament is deposited from a spunbonding tower onto a conveyor and the mat is consolidated by water jets under pression, characterized in that the mat is consolidated while it pases on a transport element with an air permeability lower than the first conveyor.
  2. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the mat is slowed while it passes from the first conveyor to the transport element.
  3. An installation for producing a nonwoven fabric, comprising a spun-bonding tower (1) depositing a mat of filaments onto a conveyor (2), and means (6) for consolidation by entanglement with water jets the mat while it passes on a first transport element (6), characterized in that the first transport element (5) has an air permeability lower than the conveyor (2) and the installation comprises means (4) for passing the mat of filaments onto the first transport element (5) in which said means comprises a second transport element (4) having a device for the application of a vacuum which maintains the mat on the outer surface of the first transport element (5).
  4. The installation as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the second transport element is a drum (4) or a conveyor.
  5. The installation as claimed in claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the conveyor has an air permeability of between 500 and 1100 CFM (14.1 and 31 m3/min).
  6. The installation as claimed in claim 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that the first transport element (5) has an air permeability of between 50 and 500 CFM (1.41 and 14.1 m3/min).
  7. The installation as claimed in one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the conveyor (2) is a multilayer cloth, while the first transport element (5) is a single layer cloth.
  8. The installation as claimed in one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the first conveyor (2) delivers the mat directly to the means (4) intended for causing the mat of filaments to pass.
  9. The installation as claimed in one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that the first transport element (5) has a suction device (7) which cooperates with the means (4) for causing the mat to pass, in order to facilitate the passage of the mat from the means (4) to the first transport element (5).
EP03292296.5A 2002-10-11 2003-09-18 Process and installation for producing a nonwoven having good tensile strength properties Expired - Lifetime EP1408148B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0212653A FR2845698B1 (en) 2002-10-11 2002-10-11 PROCESS AND INSTALLATION FOR PRODUCING A NON-WOVEN HAVING GOOD PROPERTIES OF TENSILE STRENGTH
FR0212653 2002-10-11

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1408148A1 EP1408148A1 (en) 2004-04-14
EP1408148B1 true EP1408148B1 (en) 2013-06-19
EP1408148B2 EP1408148B2 (en) 2016-11-02

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EP03292296.5A Expired - Lifetime EP1408148B2 (en) 2002-10-11 2003-09-18 Process and installation for producing a nonwoven having good tensile strength properties

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US (1) US7690904B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1408148B2 (en)
CN (1) CN100554558C (en)
AU (1) AU2003300483A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2845698B1 (en)
IL (1) IL167873A (en)
WO (1) WO2004033782A1 (en)

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EP3495543A1 (en) * 2017-12-08 2019-06-12 Trützschler GmbH & Co. KG System and method for creating a spunbonded fabric

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AU2003300483A1 (en) 2004-05-04
US7690904B2 (en) 2010-04-06
WO2004033782A1 (en) 2004-04-22
US20060286887A1 (en) 2006-12-21
EP1408148A1 (en) 2004-04-14
CN100554558C (en) 2009-10-28
FR2845698A1 (en) 2004-04-16
FR2845698B1 (en) 2005-03-18
EP1408148B2 (en) 2016-11-02
CN1703549A (en) 2005-11-30
AU2003300483A8 (en) 2004-05-04
IL167873A (en) 2008-11-03
WO2004033782A9 (en) 2007-12-21

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