EP1407636A2 - Chauffage de surface, procede destine a sa realisation et objet chauffant, systeme de reconnaissance d'occupation de siege, siege equipe de ce systeme et procede de reconnaissance d'occupation de siege - Google Patents

Chauffage de surface, procede destine a sa realisation et objet chauffant, systeme de reconnaissance d'occupation de siege, siege equipe de ce systeme et procede de reconnaissance d'occupation de siege

Info

Publication number
EP1407636A2
EP1407636A2 EP02754319A EP02754319A EP1407636A2 EP 1407636 A2 EP1407636 A2 EP 1407636A2 EP 02754319 A EP02754319 A EP 02754319A EP 02754319 A EP02754319 A EP 02754319A EP 1407636 A2 EP1407636 A2 EP 1407636A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
carrier
heating layer
seat
electrically conductive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02754319A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Diemer
Stefan Diemer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Braincom AG
Original Assignee
Braincom AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Braincom AG filed Critical Braincom AG
Publication of EP1407636A2 publication Critical patent/EP1407636A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/56—Heating or ventilating devices
    • B60N2/5678—Heating or ventilating devices characterised by electrical systems
    • B60N2/5685—Resistance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/029—Heaters specially adapted for seat warmers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to surface heating according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a heatable object with such surface heating and to a method for producing surface heating according to the preamble of claim 19.
  • the present invention relates to a seat heater, a heated seat and a method for their production.
  • the invention also relates to a heater for side panels and floor
  • the present invention relates in particular to a mattress heater, a heated mattress and methods for their production.
  • Seat heaters are known from practice, for example for motor vehicles, which represent surface heating in the sense of the invention and are formed by current-carrying metallic lines as heating wires which are connected between upholstery
  • This laminate consists of a rigid plastic laminate structure, which consists of at least one layer of a reinforced substrate base material and a resin coating on this material, a semiconducting carbon-containing pyropolymer, which is bonded to a heat-resistant inorganic oxide carrier with a large surface area, which as a layer on at least one side the layer of substrate material is incorporated, a heat reflective layer incorporated into position on one side of the pyropolymer on the substrate material, and power supplies are formed to spaced apart portions of the layer of conductive carbon-containing pyropolymer and generate electrical resistance heating in the laminate by the heat reflective layer of the composite body is reflected and emitted.
  • Such heating plates are to be used as part of a wall of a living room or office.
  • the semiconducting layer can be introduced into the laminate by mixing finely divided carbon-containing pyropolymer in the form of small particles or as a powder with a suitable carrier or vehicle such that it is on the surface of a resin-coated glass cloth , of paper, felt, cardboard and the like as a laminate substrate or on a wood veneer used in the laminate board, can be spread, spread or otherwise applied.
  • the finely divided carbon-containing pyropolymer can also be mixed with the resin or polymer material with which a special reinforcing base material is to be impregnated or which is to be applied to this base material as a coating, this base material providing at least one substrate material layer of the laminate.
  • the resulting mixture is applied in or onto the substrate by dipping or coating, and the resulting coated substrate is subjected to semi-curing such that the semi-conductive pyropolymer results in a uniform impregnation and coating over the resulting semi-hardened laminate sheet.
  • DE 33 16 182 AI deals with the use of shaped bodies, such as foils, plates or spatially shaped structures, from the class of pyrrole polymers, which are complexed with anions, as electrical heating elements, in particular for heating corrosive substances Liquids or gases.
  • the moldings can still be coated with organic plastics.
  • a polymer composite heating element is described in DE 35 24 631 AI and has the shape of a film, tube or rod.
  • Such polymer composite heating elements can be used as such as • 25 heat sources or laminated with conventional plastic films to improve the material thickness.
  • thermoplastic polyurethanes The use of electrically conductive thermoplastic polyurethanes and their production are known from DE 33 21 516 AI 30. Corresponding products are among others for the production of 1 to 2 mm thick foils for surface heating elements.
  • Heating devices with electrically conductive plastic are therefore known in principle, but the entire 35 prior art contains no information or suggestions as to how such heating devices must be equipped and manufactured in order to be able to be used in practice.
  • examples of exterior mirrors for motor vehicles explain surface heating systems which have a layer of electrically conductive plastics.
  • films made of electrically conductive plastics on rigid supports are used.
  • This aim is achieved with a surface heating according to claim 1, a heatable object according to claim 12 and a method for producing a surface heating according to claim 19.
  • the invention enables a good, simple and reliable construction as well as a good heat distribution.
  • a surface heating system with a carrier and a heating layer is created which is electrically conductive
  • the heating layer is formed by a flexible film and the carrier is flexible.
  • the carrier is a layer, in particular a fabric or a nonwoven, preferably a natural or synthetic nonwoven.
  • the carrier can be a molded part made of an elastic material, such as a seat cushion of a seat part or a backrest, or a mattress.
  • the heating layer preferably contains polyurethane, one-component polyurethane, cross-linked one-component polyurethane, a PU foam, UV-resistant and / or hydrolysis-capable or vapor-permeable plastic material.
  • polyurethane one-component polyurethane, cross-linked one-component polyurethane, a PU foam, UV-resistant and / or hydrolysis-capable or vapor-permeable plastic material.
  • other electrically conductive or conductive foaming and foam materials can also be used, plastic materials being preferred.
  • the electrically conductive plastic of the heating layer contains graphite, preferably in powder form.
  • contact ends of power supply wires in the heating layer or between the carrier and the heating layer are in contact with the latter.
  • the contact ends of the power supply wires are preferably attached to the latter by means of the heating layer itself or sewn or glued to the heating layer and / or the carrier.
  • the heating layer is formed directly on the carrier by saying, rolling or brushing.
  • the heating layer can be glued, sewn or welded or otherwise attached to the carrier.
  • a manual and / or electrically / electronically actuable and / or automatic current control is also preferably provided, which can be connected to a current source and to which Power supply wires are connected, the contact ends of which are in contact with the heating layer.
  • the invention also provides a heatable object which contains surface heating in accordance with the above configurations.
  • the object is a seat part or a backrest or a cushion of a piece of seating or reclining furniture, in particular a mattress
  • the heating layer is anatomically adapted to the thighs, buttocks or backs of a user.
  • the heating layer is anatomically shaped in the plane of the seat part or the backrest or the upholstery of a seating or reclining furniture, in particular a mattress, in that it is only present according to anatomical specifications or is electrically conductive.
  • the heating layer can have a corresponding thickness profile for anatomically adapted heat emission.
  • Another preferred embodiment of the heatable object consists of a padded lining, in particular of a vehicle.
  • a heatable object can also be designed to emit heat differently over its area.
  • the heating layer is profiled in terms of its areal spread and / or its thickness in order to give off heat differently over its area.
  • the present invention also provides a method for producing surface heating, in which a heating layer with electrically conductive plastic is connected to a carrier.
  • the heating layer is formed by first applying an electrically conductive, in particular foaming or foam plastic material to the carrier and then curing the plastic material on the carrier. det.
  • an electrically conductive, in particular foaming or foam plastic material to the carrier and then curing the plastic material on the carrier.
  • the heating layer is made of an electrically conductive, in particular foaming or foam plastic material and then arranged on the carrier .
  • the heating layer can preferably be connected to the latter in a slip-resistant manner after being arranged on the carrier. This is preferably done by sewing, gluing or welding the heating layer to the carrier.
  • electrically conductive polyurethane is used as the plastic material.
  • the method can be further developed in that contact ends of power supply wires are attached to the heating layer and / or the carrier, so that they are in contact with the latter in the combination of carrier and heating layer.
  • the contact ends of power supply wires are preferably sewn or glued to the heating layer and / or the carrier.
  • the heating layer is profiled in its surface shape and / or thickness during or after its production.
  • this can be done directly on the carrier, for example by means of templates which determine the surface shape of the heating layer.
  • the heating layer is produced separately, ie not directly on the carrier, its shape can be made, for example, in a shaping frame or by zen can be obtained.
  • the thickness can also be varied over the area of the heating layer.
  • the electrically conductive plastic material of the heating layer can contain carbon or carbon particles in order to provide electrical conductivity.
  • the material of the heating layer is such that it at least substantially cures during or after a temperature increase as a result of the heating effect and also remains dimensionally stable and undamaged.
  • polyurethane (PU) is preferably used for the electrically conductive plastic, but in principle all other materials disclosed in the prior art specified at the outset can also be used, provided they can be foamed.
  • 3 a, 3b and 3c a second and a third exemplary embodiment of a surface heating according to the invention schematically in a perspective overview or a sectional view in connection with an inner lining of a motor vehicle
  • FIG. 4a and 4b schematically an inner lining cover of a motor vehicle as a fourth exemplary embodiment of surface heating in a perspective overview or a sectional view
  • 5a and 5b schematically show a fifth exemplary embodiment of an object with surface heating in a perspective overview or a sectional view in the form of a floor covering of a motor vehicle
  • FIG. 6 schematically, as a sixth exemplary embodiment of the invention, in a perspective partial view of a motor vehicle seat with a seat heater.
  • FIGS. 1 a and 1 b As a first exemplary embodiment of a surface heater 1, a motor vehicle seat 2 is shown in FIGS. 1 a and 1 b in a sectional or perspective schematic drawing, in the seat part 3 of which a seat heater 4 is integrated.
  • Fig. La The structure of the seat part 3 in the vicinity of the surface heating 1 is shown in Fig. La, in which a cross-sectional
  • the surface of the seat part 3 is formed by a seat cover 5 made of
  • the shape of the seat part 3 is at least essentially formed by an elastic foam molded body 6. Are between the elastic foam molded body 6 and the seat cover 5
  • the seat heater 4 is formed by the panel heater 1, which contains a heating layer 7 and a support 8.
  • the heating layer 7 consists of a flexible, electrically conductive plastic foam, such as, for example, electrically conductive polyurethane, from which a film or sheet is formed, so that a surface skin is obtained.
  • the film has no discernible pores
  • the microstructure of 30 can also be closed-cell or pore-shaped.
  • the material is UV-resistant and / or hydrolysis-capable or vapor-permeable, in order to be used for a seat or recliner cushion according to the most preferred application. This ensures optimal air conditioning
  • the material for forming the film such as UV-resistant and hydrolysef hige or vapor permeable, cross-linked one-component polyurethane, is applied, for example, by spraying on the nonwoven fabric, so that a so-called spray flush or a spray skin by this so-called spray flush process is formed.
  • the film could also be formed on the seat cover 5 or the elastic foam molded body 6 by this method.
  • the material could also be sprayed into the foam mold for the elastic foam molded body 6 prior to the introduction of the foam material, in order to connect to the latter when it hardens.
  • the thickness of the film can be set very precisely, for example, by the spraying duration and, if necessary, varied over its course.
  • the film can also be produced by rolling or brushing the corresponding material, in particular onto the support 7, but also separately, and then, if appropriate, connected to the support 7, the seat cover 5 or the elastic foam molded body 6.
  • pourable or liquid electrically conductive polyurethane material which contains, for example, carbon particles, as already explained above, is applied to the nonwoven fabric of the carrier 8 by rolling, brushing or spraying after the contact ends 9 and 10 of the power supply wires 11 and 12 have been suitably placed on the nonwoven fabric of the carrier 8.
  • the electrically conductive polyurethane foam is flexible and in electrically conductive contact with the contact ends 9 and 10 of the current supply wires 11 and 12 and forms the heating layer 7.
  • the contact ends 9 and 10 of the current supply wires 11 and 12 can be held by the bond forces between the polyurethane foam and the nonwoven fabric alone.
  • the contact ends 9 and 10 of the power supply wires 11 and 12 can also be sewn to the composite 5 (not shown).
  • the electrically conductive PU layer of the heating layer 7 also represents an adhesive or adhesive layer.
  • the heating layer 7 can also be formed separately and brought together with the carrier 8 in the cured but flexible state.
  • the fixation between the heating layer 7 and the carrier 8 takes place, for example, by gluing, sewing or welding, depending on the processing that can be carried out depending on the materials used.
  • the contact ends 9 and 10 of the current supply wires 11 and 12 do not necessarily have to lie between the carrier 8 and the heating layer 7, but can also be on the side of the heating layer 7 facing away from the carrier 8 with the last
  • the nonwoven fabric of the carrier 8 can also initially be a tape material on which the entire surface or corresponding to that for the ; 25 seat surface part 3 required geometry, the heating layer 7 is formed or the prefabricated heating layer 7 is also placed thereon as a band material or as parts shaped in accordance with the geometry required for the seat surface part 3 and connected to it. Then the
  • the 30 wanted individual pieces to be produced according to the geometry required for the seat part 3, for example by punching out.
  • the contact ends 9 and 10 of the power supply wires 11 and 12 can when producing the composite from the carrier 8 and the heating layer 7 in each case appropriately interposed or arranged on the at least joined composite for suitable fastening.
  • Fig. Lb the first embodiment of the surface heating 1 is further illustrated in a schematic perspective view with the seat cover 5 omitted.
  • the course of the contact ends 9 and 10 of the power supply wires 11 and 12 is also clearly visible. Furthermore, one
  • the current control 13 and a current source 14 for controlling or operating the surface heating 1 are shown schematically.
  • the current control 13 can be operated manually and / or electrically / electronically and / or automatically. In practice, the current control 13 is the usual control of the temperature of the vehicle interior or a part thereof, or. a separate control.
  • the power supply wires 11 and 12 are connected to the power control 13 and quasi terminate in their contact ends 9 and 10.
  • a functional unit 15 can also be provided on the power supply wires 11 and 12, which e.g. a separate seat occupancy sensor, a heat sensor or temperature sensor, a distributor and much more can include.
  • the carrier 8 could also be formed by other materials and structures, such as a woven fabric.
  • the carrier 8 could also be a molded part, such as the elastic foam molded body 6 of the first embodiment according to FIGS. 1a and 1b itself.
  • Suitable materials for the heating layer ie the electrically conductive foam material, are specified in the present documents in particular with regard to their physical properties and are otherwise well known to the expert and are also given, for example, in the prior art, which is described in is cited in the present documents, so that there is no need to go into them in detail, but rather all suitable materials are hereby incorporated by reference, in particular from the older publications cited or indicated in the present documents.
  • the backrest 16 which is only partially visible in FIG. 1b can also be equipped with a surface heating 1.
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b show representations analogous to FIGS. 1a and 1b.
  • This known surface heating 1 in the form of a seat heating 4 for a motor vehicle seat 2 has in the usual way the seat cover 5 and an elastic foam molded body 6, between which the surface heating 1 lies.
  • the panel heater 1 contains such
  • FIG. 2a illustrates, viewed from the seat cover 5, one after the other an upper fabric layer 17, an upper foam layer 18, a heating wire layer 19, a lower foam layer 20 and a lower fabric layer 21, which as a prefabricated composite by means of a double-sided adhesive tape 22 are at least non-slip connected to the foam molded body 6 forming the actual seat cushion.
  • the fabric layers 17 and 21 are first connected to the immediately adjacent foam layers 18 and 20 in a flame lamination process.
  • 3a, 3b and 3c, 4a and 4b and 5a and 5b further exemplary embodiments of heating devices in motor vehicles are shown.
  • FIG. 3a shows a motor vehicle K in a crack drawing, in which a sectional plane A through an inner lining 23 of a vehicle door 24 is shown schematically.
  • the schematic sectional view of the inner lining 23 in the sectional plane A according to the arrows shown in FIG. 3a is shown as a second exemplary embodiment of a heatable object with a surface heating 2 in FIG. 3b.
  • This inner lining 23 ''' contains, as the carrier 8, a carrier layer 24 to which the heating layer 7 with electrically conductive plastic is applied by means of adhesive 25.
  • the free visible side 26 of the heating layer 7 be provided with electrically conductive plastic with a decoration (not visible), for example an appearance similar to synthetic leather, in order to achieve a pleasant exterior of the interior lining 23.
  • the heating layer 7 with electrically conductive plastic can be applied by means of the adhesive 25 on the side of the carrier layer 24 facing away from the interior 26 of the motor vehicle K.
  • the carrier layer 24 itself can be provided with a decor (not visible) on its visible side, or a decor 27
  • the principle of the two exemplary embodiments just described can be applied to the entire passenger compartment 26 of the motor vehicle K, in particular to the extent that the corresponding ones Parts are padded.
  • vehicle seats for realizing or supporting a seat heater, a headlining lining, a parcel shelf, pillar linings, consoles, a steering wheel, carpet material, air ducts, in particular inside, for preferentially preheating cold air, etc., as heatable objects with heating devices that contain a heating layer 7 with electrically conductive plastic be used to improve the indoor climate in a motor vehicle.
  • This not only makes it possible to design the conventional heating systems to be smaller, but also enables the entire interior 26 of a motor vehicle K to be heated more quickly and more uniformly or in a targeted manner. Further specific exemplary embodiments for this are illustrated in FIGS. 4a and 4b and 5a and 5b.
  • FIG. 4a shows a perspective view of a dashboard 28 and a console 29, the position of a section plane B, the direction of view of the section plane being illustrated by arrows as shown in FIG. 4b.
  • 4b is the sectional view through the dashboard 28 in the sectional plane B, a part of an adjacent windshield 30 of the correspondingly equipped motor vehicle K also being shown in section.
  • the heating layer 7 with electrically conductive plastic forms the plastic skin with which the dashboard 28 is covered and which
  • the heating layer 7 is connected with electrically conductive plastic to a carrier layer 24 serving as a holder 31 as carrier 8.
  • the heating layer 7 with electrically conductive plastic forms a molded skin with an embedded conductive material.
  • the heating layer 7 could be covered with an electrically conductive plastic with a decorative layer (not shown), roughly analogously to the variant shown in FIG. 3c. 4b, as a further exemplary embodiment of an object with a surface heating 1, a windshield 30 is partially shown in section.
  • this windshield 30 is provided with a black ceramic layer 32, which can be applied, for example, by screen printing.
  • a heating layer 7 with electrically conductive plastic is attached to the windshield 30 directly or by means of an adhesive 25, such as glue.
  • a circumferential additional and / or separate heating of the windshield 30 can be implemented for the prevention of fogging, removal of fogging or deicing.
  • a surface heater 1 can be provided in particular in the area of the rest position of windshield wiper blades (not shown), in order to achieve additional and / or separate heating of the windshield 30, so that frozen windshield wiper blades (not shown) are damaged when the windshield Wipers (not shown) can be avoided.
  • the heating layer 7 is made of transparent material with electrically conductive plastic, then a see-through area of a pane, such as e.g. a windshield 30 can be provided with a corresponding surface heating 1. As a result, fogging of a pane equipped in this way can also be removed or avoided and icing can also be defrosted.
  • the heating conductors previously used, for example, in rear windows (not shown) could then be omitted or made smaller.
  • FIGS. 5a and 5b As a further variant for the interior heating of a motor vehicle K, the design of carpet material 33 with a surface heating 1 is illustrated in FIGS. 5a and 5b.
  • FIG. 5b In this sixth exemplary embodiment, which is illustrated in FIG. 5b in a partial sectional view, which can be seen in the direction of the arrow on a sectional plane C in the illustration in FIG. 5a, the construction of such a carpet material terials 33 shown.
  • the heating layer 7 is connected to electrically conductive plastic by means of the adhesive 25 with a lower carrier layer 24 as carrier 8.
  • the bristles, loops or generally fibers / threads 34 which form the upper side of the carpet material 33 can either be attached to the carrier layer 24 and pass through the heating layer 7 with electrically conductive plastic, can only be attached directly to the layer with electrically conductive plastic be, or can start from a separate layer (not shown), which is connected by means of adhesive 25 to the heating layer 7 with electrically conductive plastic.
  • the carrier layer 24 can also be omitted and the carrier 8 can be formed by such a separate layer (not shown).
  • the heating layer 7 with electrically conductive plastic is formed directly by the carrier layer 24, or if the heating layer 7 with electrically conductive plastic by means of the bristles, loops, fibers or threads 34 which cover the upper side of the carpet material 33 form, is attached to the support layer 24. Furthermore, it is possible to apply the heating layer 7 with electrically conductive plastic using an adhesive 25 on the underside of the carrier layer 24, so that conventional carpet material 33 can continue to be manufactured in the usual manner and can be provided with the surface heating 1 subsequently. It is also possible to retrofit existing carpet material 33 with a surface heating 1.
  • Heating layer 7 with the electrically conductive plastic material to a power source (not shown) possible to achieve a desired heating or heating effect in the corresponding heated objects. Since the electrical resistance of the heating layer 7 is constant, the electrical power supplied can the heating temperature can be determined or regulated. Advantageously, there is the possibility of using both direct current and alternating current, in particular without the occurrence of electros og t . Since the heat generated in this way is also exclusively radiant heat, there is a certain temperature and heating comfort.
  • heatable objects with a surface heater 1 are, for example, a diesel tank made of plastic, with which contamination of diesel fuel at low outside temperatures can be prevented by maintaining a minimum temperature, an oil pan, by the heating of which the engine - Oil can be preheated for better and more efficient operation of the engine, an entire engine compartment, which enables the engine to be preheated, and, for example, also a cargo space in both passenger cars and trucks.
  • This enables panel heating systems 1 to be used advantageously in the vehicle interior and exterior be used.
  • the present invention is not limited to use in the field of motor vehicles. All of the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments and variants, as well as analog applications, can also be used, for example, in other vehicles for two-wheelers, in the railway sector, in ships and aircraft. As already mentioned, numerous other fields of application of the present invention are possible, for example in motorbikes and mopeds, benches and operating elements, among others, can be equipped with corresponding surface heating. There are further possible uses, for example, in the household (coating of plastic wallpapers, wooden ceilings, wooden floors, carpets, tiles, sheathing of heating and water pipes, underfloor heating), for clothing, etc.
  • Aliphatic and aromatic polyurethanes are mentioned here only as preferred electrically conductive or electrically conductive plastic materials.
  • the layer is produced with or from electrically conductive plastic by spraying or dipping or by roller application.
  • a corresponding coating is preferably provided in a method for producing a heating device or an object therewith.
  • the invention in particular also enables the coating method to be adapted or selected with regard to the geometry of the shape to be coated and / or the number of pieces to be produced.
  • the layer thickness of the electrically conductive layer is preferably between approximately 0.05 mm and approximately 0.3 mm. If the electrically conductive layer is also to serve as a visible surface, it is preferred if the thickness is thicker. In particular, it is also within the scope of the present invention to vary the layer thickness Adapt the speed of the requirement or the requirement profile to the surface heating or the object (s), which can easily be found out by considerations or experiments. For example, a layer thickness of 1.2 mm is provided if it is a surface layer with an additional function, such as a vehicle interior trim.
  • plastic material of the heating layer 7 contains or consists of polyurethane, preferably cross-linked and / or one-component polyurethane, which is in particular UV-resistant and hydrolysis-capable or vapor-permeable.
  • a special specialty of the present invention is a variant in which, in addition to the seat heating and the arrangement of the surface heating 1, a weight-dependent seat occupancy detection is realized.
  • seat occupancy detections nowadays have to be implemented separately, for example in order to trigger an airbag in the event of an accident only if an occupant is sitting on a corresponding seat.
  • the surface heating 1 contains, in particular, a striped heating layer 7 with electrically conductive plastic, as is schematically illustrated in FIG. 6, for example.
  • a striped heating layer 7 with electrically conductive plastic as is schematically illustrated in FIG. 6, for example.
  • an essential application of the present invention is a mattress with a surface heating according to the invention.
  • a mattress designed in this way has the advantage over the prior art, in which a so-called heating blanket with metallic resistance heating wires has the advantage that the operational safety is at least substantially improved.
  • a surface heating system according to the present invention a fire cannot occur. In the event of damage to the heating layer, which can also be in the form of a strip, there are no sparks, as is the case with metallic conductors.
  • the heating layer 7 is a film. It is preferably a lacquer-like polyurethane layer or a polyurethane lacquer layer with the specified physical properties, in particular an enrichment with coal dust in order to achieve the electrical conductivity. It is further preferred if it is a one-component polyurethane material and / or an enrichment with coal dust is provided for the electrical conductivity.
  • a preferred thickness of the heating layer 7 is from approximately 0.3 mm to approximately 0.5 mm.
  • Spraying the electrically conductive plastic material onto the carrier can also be used, for example, a rolling process.
  • Liquid polyurethane for example, is applied to a roller and released onto a base, such as the support or an external base. The distance between the circumferential surface of the roller and the substrate determines the thickness of the heating layer. After the polyurethane has solidified or hardened ethans will in turn obtain a lacquer film with the desired properties, whereby shaping measures can be carried out on the film, including cutting, during roller application or afterwards, as was explained earlier.
  • the heating layer is possibly produced on the carrier by a suitable method, then the heating layer can subsequently be used alone or together with the carrier with one
  • the surface heating can be operated with direct or alternating current, whereby the response behavior is better when operated with direct current.
  • the measurements should provide information about the heating behavior and the current consumption of the two seat heaters.
  • the aim of the experiment was to find out the heating-up times with the associated current consumption for both types. For this purpose, a constant voltage of 12 V was applied to the connection terminals on both heaters. The absorbed current is over an ammeter integrated in the voltage supply was measured. The temperature and the current strength are measured at intervals of 1 min. The comparison between the two heaters is carried out using the values recorded on the seat
  • Heating mat from time heating S4300 conductive plastic in min company Bauerhin temperature current temperature current in ° C • in A in ° C in A
  • the temperature measuring point was in the heating mat of the surface heating according to the invention with a heating layer with electrically conductive plastic approximately in the middle of the seat.
  • the temperature measuring point was about 0.5 cm next to a heating wire.
  • the temperature measured on the heating wire itself was 50 ° C after 25 min. This temperature is required to achieve a surface effect. With that are in practice However, considerable problems are connected, for example, the wire can glow through or the seat cover can ignite due to excessive temperatures. These problems are eliminated with the surface heating according to the invention. 5
  • the invention thus creates a surface heating system that can emit heat over the entire surface, which can also be guaranteed better in a type with a heating layer consisting of individual strips that may be spaced apart than in the prior art, a pressure load on a base, such as
  • the present invention is not fundamentally limited to heating upholstered objects
  • the 35 uses of the surface heating according to the invention as a seat or mattress heater for or in / in a seat, in particular a vehicle seat, a / a mattress are particularly preferred and advantageous, so that separate protection is justified.
  • the flexibility of the heating layer is of particular importance.
  • this relates to a seat occupancy detection, a seat with it and a seat occupancy detection method in accordance with the preambles of claims 28, 32 and 33, respectively.
  • This aspect in its individual configurations is both for itself and in combination with the first Aspect of the invention, ie the surface heating, the method for its production and the heatable object, disclosed herein.
  • the core of seat occupancy detection is created by elements made of electrically conductive plastic in a seat.
  • elements made of electrically conductive plastic are preferably accommodated in a seat cushion and in particular also the backrest and preferably also in the headrest. These are preferably strips of preferably electrically conductive PU, which are arranged at right angles to the direction of travel at predetermined intervals.
  • these strips or generally elements 50-70%, in particular 55-60%, preferably approximately 58% graphite and 30-50%, in particular 40-45%, preferably approximately 42% PU, contains. Furthermore, it is particularly preferred if these strips or generally elements are flexible and in particular extensible and preferably permanently reversibly extensible.
  • These elements or, in particular, strips are part of a circuit.
  • the elements or, in particular, strips stretch, their cross section changes in such a way that it is reduced.
  • a change in cross-section leads to a change in resistance in the form that when the cross-section of the electrically conductive elements or, in particular, strips is reduced, their electrical resistance decreases, if an electrical current is passed through it.
  • the change in electrical resistance can be detected and the corresponding information can be used for seat occupancy detection.
  • Appropriate detection and processing devices are provided for this purpose, which are connected via suitable signal lines.
  • the cross-section of the elements and in particular strips of electrically conductive plastic such as e.g. Pulyurethane, depending on the load, i.e. the weight of a person sitting on a suitably equipped seat.
  • electrically conductive plastic such as e.g. Pulyurethane
  • Seat occupancy is recognized and, in particular, the weight of a person is recorded in accordance with the explained further training.
  • the corresponding change in resistance is determined by a sensor or detector, the output signal of which is passed on to processing and / or control devices, which determines a seat occupancy and possibly the weight of a person depending on the output signal of the sensor, and in turn further devices, for example in one, depending on this Control motor vehicle, such as airbag devices, belt tensioners, seat and / or steering wheel adjustments, etc.
  • the information of a seat occupancy detection is particularly advantageous.
  • the opening behavior of an airbag can, for example, be adapted to the needs of the occupant or passenger.
  • FIG. 7 An exemplary embodiment of a seat occupancy detection based on a motor vehicle seat equipped with it is shown schematically in FIG. 7.
  • the aspect of the present invention described above creates a seat occupancy detection, a seat with it and a seat occupancy detection method in a particularly simple and reliable manner.
  • the stretchability and flexibility of the material is particularly advantageous, so that the corresponding elements or in particular
  • Strips of electrically conductive plastic preferably polyurethane (PU)
  • PU polyurethane
  • Seat occupancy detection is technically implemented, but the contact force measuring devices are created, by means of which a pressure load on / on a seat, for example of a vehicle, by an occupant and driving conditions can be determined at any time.
  • a pressure load on / on a seat for example of a vehicle
  • driving load situations such as braking or accelerating with the result of different pressure loads, for example on the back of the seat.
  • the seat occupancy detection on the one hand and the surface heating on the other hand and both in combination which can be produced and implemented particularly advantageously by the same elements and thus extremely cost-effectively, can be produced in particular from the material compositions disclosed in the present documents.
  • a preferred method is that solvent is added to such a material composition so that the recipe obtained can be processed by spraying, rolling, brushing or otherwise and in particular applied to a carrier layer or surface.
  • the solvent can evaporate at the latest.
  • Corresponding temperatures can be applied by infrared radiation, in a heating oven or other suitable manner.
  • the present invention thus relates on the one hand to surface heating, a method for its production and a heatable object and on the other hand to seat occupancy detection, a seat therewith and seat occupancy detection method in each case individually and preferably in combination.
  • a combination in particular is particularly advantageous since the same physical devices can be used to implement both basic aspects of the present invention.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chair Legs, Seat Parts, And Backrests (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de reconnaissance d'occupation de siège faisant intervenir des éléments en matière synthétique électriquement conductrice, notamment des bandes de polyuréthane électriquement conducteur. L'invention a également pour objet un siège équipé d'un système de reconnaissance d'occupation de siège de ce type, ainsi qu'un procédé de reconnaissance d'occupation de siège, une modification de résistance dans une matière plastique électriquement conductrice résultant de l'application d'un poids sur la matière, étant détectée.
EP02754319A 2001-07-04 2002-07-04 Chauffage de surface, procede destine a sa realisation et objet chauffant, systeme de reconnaissance d'occupation de siege, siege equipe de ce systeme et procede de reconnaissance d'occupation de siege Withdrawn EP1407636A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE20110906 2001-07-04
DE20110906U 2001-07-04
PCT/DE2002/002456 WO2003005769A2 (fr) 2001-07-04 2002-07-04 Chauffage de surface, procede destine a sa realisation et objet chauffant, systeme de reconnaissance d'occupation de siege, siege equipe de ce systeme et procede de reconnaissance d'occupation de siege

Publications (1)

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EP1407636A2 true EP1407636A2 (fr) 2004-04-14

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US (1) US7205505B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1407636A2 (fr)
AU (1) AU2002320910A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10292982D2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003005769A2 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20050103773A1 (en) 2005-05-19
US7205505B2 (en) 2007-04-17
WO2003005769A3 (fr) 2003-06-26
AU2002320910A1 (en) 2003-01-21
DE10292982D2 (de) 2004-07-01
WO2003005769A2 (fr) 2003-01-16

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