EP1397376A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von perbenzylierten 1-o-glycosiden - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von perbenzylierten 1-o-glycosidenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1397376A1 EP1397376A1 EP02727608A EP02727608A EP1397376A1 EP 1397376 A1 EP1397376 A1 EP 1397376A1 EP 02727608 A EP02727608 A EP 02727608A EP 02727608 A EP02727608 A EP 02727608A EP 1397376 A1 EP1397376 A1 EP 1397376A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sugar
- mmol
- perbenzylated
- general formula
- residue
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 66
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCOCC KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 phenyleneoxy Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 9
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N D-xylopyranose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1COC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-mannomethylose Natural products CC1OC(O)C(O)C(O)C1O SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N alpha-D-galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10-octahydropyrimido[1,2-a]azepine Chemical compound C1CCCCN2CCCN=C21 GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N D-mannopyranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-SOOFDHNKSA-N D-ribofuranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-SOOFDHNKSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-JFNONXLTSA-N L-rhamnopyranose Chemical compound C[C@@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-JFNONXLTSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003444 phase transfer catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)(C)[O-] MFRIHAYPQRLWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-DHVFOXMCSA-N L-fucopyranose Chemical compound C[C@@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O SHZGCJCMOBCMKK-DHVFOXMCSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PNNNRSAQSRJVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-rhamnose Natural products CC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PNNNRSAQSRJVSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-LMVFSUKVSA-N Ribose Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-LMVFSUKVSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-D-Furanose-Ribose Natural products OCC1OC(O)C(O)C1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N arabinose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KQDQZEZWWRPNQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Chemical compound C1CC2CCN1CN2 KQDQZEZWWRPNQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PNNNRSAQSRJVSB-SLPGGIOYSA-N Fucose Natural products C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C=O PNNNRSAQSRJVSB-SLPGGIOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 105
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 99
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 97
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 54
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 51
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 50
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 45
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid Substances CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 41
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 35
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 34
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 26
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 22
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 19
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 18
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- SHFJWMWCIHQNCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydron;tetrabutylazanium;sulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC SHFJWMWCIHQNCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- OGOMAWHSXRDAKZ-HSDAUYOJSA-N (3s,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-tris(phenylmethoxy)-6-(phenylmethoxymethyl)oxan-2-ol Chemical compound C([C@H]1OC([C@H]([C@@H](OCC=2C=CC=CC=2)[C@@H]1OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 OGOMAWHSXRDAKZ-HSDAUYOJSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005858 glycosidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- JVZRADHKCKKVMW-WZMOCLIOSA-N 2-[(3s,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-tris(phenylmethoxy)-6-(phenylmethoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyacetic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1OC([C@H]([C@@H](OCC=2C=CC=CC=2)[C@@H]1OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)OCC(=O)O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 JVZRADHKCKKVMW-WZMOCLIOSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- OGOMAWHSXRDAKZ-BKJHVTENSA-N (3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-tris(phenylmethoxy)-6-(phenylmethoxymethyl)oxan-2-ol Chemical compound C([C@H]1OC([C@@H]([C@@H](OCC=2C=CC=CC=2)[C@@H]1OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 OGOMAWHSXRDAKZ-BKJHVTENSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UPQQXPKAYZYUKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trichloroacetamide Chemical compound OC(=N)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl UPQQXPKAYZYUKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229960003082 galactose Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 4
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N monoethanolamine hydrochloride Natural products NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002338 glycosides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OGOMAWHSXRDAKZ-BJPULKCASA-N (3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-tris(phenylmethoxy)-6-(phenylmethoxymethyl)oxan-2-ol Chemical compound C([C@H]1OC([C@@H]([C@@H](OCC=2C=CC=CC=2)[C@H]1OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 OGOMAWHSXRDAKZ-BJPULKCASA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZXSQEZNORDWBGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydropyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-2-one Chemical compound C1=CN=C2NC(=O)CC2=C1 ZXSQEZNORDWBGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JVZRADHKCKKVMW-QJOIIPOXSA-N 2-[(3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-tris(phenylmethoxy)-6-(phenylmethoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyacetic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1OC([C@@H]([C@@H](OCC=2C=CC=CC=2)[C@@H]1OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)OCC(=O)O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 JVZRADHKCKKVMW-QJOIIPOXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000022 2-aminoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- MJLVLHNXEOQASX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(Br)C(O)=O MJLVLHNXEOQASX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKIZCWYLBDKLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M N,N,N-Trimethylmethanaminium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)C OKIZCWYLBDKLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007171 acid catalysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005904 alkaline hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000008266 deoxy sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- FQGYCXFLEQVDJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury dicyanide Chemical compound N#C[Hg]C#N FQGYCXFLEQVDJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001958 silver carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LKZMBDSASOBTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver carbonate Substances [Ag].[O-]C([O-])=O LKZMBDSASOBTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- BNWCETAHAJSBFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-bromoacetate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)CBr BNWCETAHAJSBFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KUYMVWXKHQSIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-chloroacetate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)CCl KUYMVWXKHQSIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000008648 triflates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- OJDZKIIKLJJBRX-NANGHANQSA-N (2S,3R,4R,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O.C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C=O OJDZKIIKLJJBRX-NANGHANQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HOVAGTYPODGVJG-TVPFVARWSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxyoxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound COC1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HOVAGTYPODGVJG-TVPFVARWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HOVAGTYPODGVJG-BWSJPXOBSA-N (2r,3s,4s,5s)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxyoxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound COC1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O HOVAGTYPODGVJG-BWSJPXOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGOMAWHSXRDAKZ-RUOAZZEASA-N (2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-tris(phenylmethoxy)-6-(phenylmethoxymethyl)oxan-2-ol Chemical compound C([C@H]1O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](OCC=2C=CC=CC=2)[C@@H]1OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 OGOMAWHSXRDAKZ-RUOAZZEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- OUHUDRYCYOSXDI-YFRBGRBWSA-N (2s,3s,4r,5r)-5-hydroxy-2,3,4,6-tetrakis(phenylmethoxy)hexanal Chemical compound C([C@@H](O)[C@@H](OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)[C@H](OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)[C@H](OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)C=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 OUHUDRYCYOSXDI-YFRBGRBWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAQUAXSCBJPECG-NITSXXPLSA-N (3r,4r,5r)-3,4-bis(phenylmethoxy)-5-(phenylmethoxymethyl)oxolan-2-ol Chemical compound C([C@H]1OC([C@@H]([C@@H]1OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 NAQUAXSCBJPECG-NITSXXPLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHHWQCVQKLCBMI-HENWMNBSSA-N (3r,4s,5s,6r)-6-(phenylmethoxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]1COCC1=CC=CC=C1 UHHWQCVQKLCBMI-HENWMNBSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQFKFAKEUMHBLV-BYSUZVQFSA-N 1-O-(alpha-D-galactosyl)-N-hexacosanoylphytosphingosine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@H](O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC)CO[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O VQFKFAKEUMHBLV-BYSUZVQFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFTFKUDGYRBSAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 15-crown-5 Chemical compound C1COCCOCCOCCOCCO1 VFTFKUDGYRBSAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEZNGIUYQVAUSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 18-crown-6 Chemical compound C1COCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO1 XEZNGIUYQVAUSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHZXTOCAICMPQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-bromoethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCBr)C(=O)C2=C1 CHZXTOCAICMPQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VKJCJJYNVIYVQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromopropyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCCBr)C(=O)C2=C1 VKJCJJYNVIYVQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVZRADHKCKKVMW-SCSBQZQXSA-N 2-[(3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-tris(phenylmethoxy)-6-(phenylmethoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyacetic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1OC([C@@H]([C@@H](OCC=2C=CC=CC=2)[C@H]1OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)OCC(=O)O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 JVZRADHKCKKVMW-SCSBQZQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSULWPSUVMOMAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azidoethanol Chemical compound OCCN=[N+]=[N-] BSULWPSUVMOMAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXJCRIAXILAHFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromoethyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(=O)OCCBr MXJCRIAXILAHFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUZKCNWZBXLAJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylmethoxyethanol Chemical compound OCCOCC1=CC=CC=C1 CUZKCNWZBXLAJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MZASHBBAFBWNFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-trimethylsilylethanesulfonamide Chemical class C[Si](C)(C)CCS(N)(=O)=O MZASHBBAFBWNFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWYTUBPAXJYCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-trimethylsilylethyl carbamate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)CCOC(N)=O QWYTUBPAXJYCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004217 4-methoxybenzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1OC([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- ZZOKVYOCRSMTSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9h-fluoren-9-ylmethyl carbamate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(COC(=O)N)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 ZZOKVYOCRSMTSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000005427 Asialoglycoprotein Receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- BMTAFVWTTFSTOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylate Chemical compound CCSC(=O)N(CC(C)C)CC(C)C BMTAFVWTTFSTOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000208199 Buxus sempervirens Species 0.000 description 1
- WXYNLXPSTFTJJC-HSDAUYOJSA-N C([C@H]1OC([C@H]([C@@H](OCC=2C=CC=CC=2)[C@@H]1OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)Br)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C([C@H]1OC([C@H]([C@@H](OCC=2C=CC=CC=2)[C@@H]1OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)Br)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WXYNLXPSTFTJJC-HSDAUYOJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDJUZGPOPHTGOT-OAXVISGBSA-N Digitoxin Natural products O([C@H]1[C@@H](C)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2C[C@@H]3[C@@](C)([C@@H]4[C@H]([C@]5(O)[C@@](C)([C@H](C6=CC(=O)OC6)CC5)CC4)CC3)CC2)C[C@H]1O)[C@H]1O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C2)[C@@H](O)C1 WDJUZGPOPHTGOT-OAXVISGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006994 Koenigs-Knorr glycosidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005684 Liebig rearrangement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UDCDOJQOXWCCSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethyl-N'-p-tolylsulfamide Chemical compound CN(C)S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 UDCDOJQOXWCCSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010934 O-alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium on carbon Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003691 SiBr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N acetaldehyde Chemical compound [14CH]([14CH3])=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000032 aromatic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 108010006523 asialoglycoprotein receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005574 benzylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001584 benzyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC1=CC=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- IYYIVELXUANFED-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromo(trimethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Br IYYIVELXUANFED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000001719 carbohydrate derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012230 colorless oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002872 contrast media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WDJUZGPOPHTGOT-XUDUSOBPSA-N digitoxin Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H](O[C@@H]3C[C@@H]4[C@]([C@@H]5[C@H]([C@]6(CC[C@@H]([C@@]6(C)CC5)C=5COC(=O)C=5)O)CC4)(C)CC3)C[C@@H]2O)C)C[C@@H]1O WDJUZGPOPHTGOT-XUDUSOBPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000648 digitoxin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy(oxo)silane Chemical compound O[Si](O)=O IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005982 diphenylmethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RGWOAXNKJWTDFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 11-bromoundecanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCBr RGWOAXNKJWTDFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZANNOFHADGWOLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxyacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CO ZANNOFHADGWOLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFAMQJATRWOMHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-bromo-2-phenylpropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(CBr)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZFAMQJATRWOMHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DXBULVYHTICWKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 6-bromohexanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CCCCCBr DXBULVYHTICWKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQJJJMRNHATNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl bromoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CBr PQJJJMRNHATNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002256 galaktoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008195 galaktosides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002402 hexoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013537 high throughput screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007327 hydrogenolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001438 immunostimulant agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003022 immunostimulating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003308 immunostimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008611 intercellular interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DTBGILDKBIBTGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(1-hydroxyethyl)formamide Chemical compound CC(O)NC=O DTBGILDKBIBTGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XRRCVJUSXHXUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-bromobutyl)-2-trimethylsilylethanesulfonamide Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)CCS(=O)(=O)NCCCCBr XRRCVJUSXHXUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006503 p-nitrobenzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1[N+]([O-])=O)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002972 pentoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CUQOHAYJWVTKDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;butan-1-olate Chemical compound [K+].CCCC[O-] CUQOHAYJWVTKDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013341 scale-up Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYXYWTXQFUUWLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;butan-1-olate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCC[O-] SYXYWTXQFUUWLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- KUOSNTKAZFIQSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 6-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyloxyhexanoate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(=O)(=O)OCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C=C1 KUOSNTKAZFIQSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000037 tert-butyldiphenylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[Si]([H])([*]C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005931 tert-butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(OC(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000004043 trisaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CITILBVTAYEWKR-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F CITILBVTAYEWKR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
- C07H15/20—Carbocyclic rings
- C07H15/203—Monocyclic carbocyclic rings other than cyclohexane rings; Bicyclic carbocyclic ring systems
Definitions
- the invention relates to a new process for the preparation of perbenzylated 1-O-glycosides of the general formula I, which is characterized in more detail in the claims.
- the process according to the invention starts from inexpensive starting materials, delivers good yields and permits the production of perbenzylated saccharides with 1-O-functionalized side chains on a large scale.
- Perbenzylated saccharide derivatives are valuable intermediates in synthetic chemistry. Pharmaceutical chemistry in particular uses such building blocks very frequently, since many highly potent and selective pharmaceuticals carry sugar residues. For example, in the Journal of Drug Targeting 1995, Vol. 3, pp. 111-127 applications of so-called “glycotargeting” are described. So-called “multi-antenna sugar chains” are described in Chemistry Letters 1998, p. 823. The carbohydrate-receptor interaction in cell-cell interaction is significantly improved by clustering sugar units. The synthesis of galactosides with high affinity for the asialoglycoprotein receptor is described in J. Med. Che. 1995, 38, p. 1538 (see also Int. J. Peptide Protein Res. 43, 1994, p.
- the aim of a group of syntheses is to introduce additional functionality into the sugar molecule via a 1-0 glycosidation reaction.
- Terminal COOH, amino or OH groups are of particular interest here, since these can be implemented in subsequent steps.
- 1-O-glycosides are produced by traditional methods, such as the one by Koenigs-Knorr, Konich or the trichloroacetimidate method described by RR Schmidt [. Koenigs and E. Knorr, Ber. German chem. Ges. 3_4 (1901) 957; B. Helferich u. J. Goendeler, Ber. dtsch. Chem. Ges. 73, (1940) 532; B. Helferich, W. Piel and F. Eckstein, Chem. Ber. 94 (1961) 491; B. Helferich u. WM Müller, Chem. Ber. 1970, 103, 3350; G. Wulff, G. Röhle and W. Krüger, Ang.
- Japanese patent JP 95-51764 describes the reaction of 1-0-acetyl-2,3,4-tri-0-benzyl-L-fucopyranose with polyoxyethylene-30-phytosterol (BPS-30, NIKKO Chem., Japan) described under trimethylsilyl bromide / zinc triflate catalysis.
- BPS-30 polyoxyethylene-30-phytosterol
- p. 1092-6 describe 1-0-glycosidations of perbenzyl sugars under titanium tetrachloride catalysis in dichloromethane.
- a tetrabenzyl derivative containing a terminal carboxyl group protected as a methyl ester is in Carbohydr. Res .; EN; 230; 1; 1992; 117. The carboxyl group can then be released and reacted further.
- Silver carbonate in dichloromethane is used for glycosidation. The usage The expensive silver carbonate limits the batch size and makes economic up-scaling almost impossible. The same problem applies to the subsequent connection that is in Tetrahedron Lett. 30, 44, 1989, p. 6019 has been described.
- the recently described substance libraries for high-throughput screening very often use saccharides (Angew. Chemie 1995, 107, 2912).
- the aim here is to have sugar building blocks in a protected form which carry a functional group, such as -COOH, or -NH 2 , which can be implemented, for example, in an automated synthesis.
- the blocks that are used for this are from Lockhoff, Angew. Chem. 1998, 110 (24), p. 3634.
- the 1-O-acetic acid of perbenzyl-glucose is of particular importance here.
- the preparation takes place in two stages, via trichloroacetimidate and reaction with ethyl hydroxyacetate, BF 3 catalysis in THF and subsequent saponification with NaOH in MeOH / THF.
- the overall yield over two stages is only 59%.
- the object of the invention was therefore to provide a process by which perbenzylated saccharides with 1-0- Functionalized side chain can be produced on a larger scale, inexpensive and environmentally friendly.
- sugar 1 in the general formula I is a monosaccharide functionalized in the 1-OH position, which may also be deoxy sugars which contain an H atom instead of one or more OH groups.
- the sugar in the general formula I is a monosaccharide with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, e.g. B. glucose, mannose, galactose, ribose, arabinose or xylose or their deoxy sugar such as 6-deoxygalactose (fucose) or 6-deoxy-mannose (rhamnose).
- the radical R represents the benzyl group which, depending on the monosaccharide used or its deoxy form, is present at least twice and is accordingly present several times when di-, tri- or polysaccharides are used.
- the radical X means -COO- or -NH-.
- the radical L can be a straight-chain, branched, saturated or unsaturated C 3 -C 3 carbon chain, which is optionally interrupted by 1-10 oxygen atoms, 1-3 Sulfur atoms, 1-2 phenylene, 1-2 phenyleneoxy, 1-2 phenylene dioxy groups, a thiophene, pyrimidine or pyridine radical and / or optionally substituted with 1-3 phenyl, 1-3 carboxyl, 1- 5 hydroxy, 1-5 O-Ci-Cy-alkyl, 1-3 amino groups, 1-3 CF 3 groups or 1-10 fluorine atoms.
- Preferred radicals L in the sense of the invention are
- a particularly preferred linker L is the -CH 2 group.
- the alkylation reagent of the general formula III can contain, for example, the residues - Cl, -Br, -J, -OTs, -OMs, -OSO 2 CF 3 , -OS0 2 CF 9 or -OS0 2 C 8 F 17 as a nucleofuge ,
- the protective group Sg is a customary acid or amine protective group, depending on whether X denotes the radical -COO- or - NH-.
- These protective groups are well known to the person skilled in the art (Protective Groups in Organic Syntheses, second Edition, T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York 1991).
- the reaction according to the invention can take place at temperatures from 0-50 ° C., preferably from 0 ° C. to room temperature.
- the reaction times are from 10 minutes to 24 hours, preferably from 20 minutes to 12 hours.
- the base is added either in solid form, preferably finely powdered or liquid, or as a 10-70%, preferably 30-50%, aqueous solution.
- NaOH, KOH, cesium carbonate, potassium carbonate, 1, 8-diazabicyclo- [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU), 1, 5-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DBN), potassium butoxide are used as preferred bases and sodium butoxide.
- Diethoxy ethane is used as the solvent according to the invention.
- Quaternary ammonium salts with four identical or different hydrocarbon groups on the cation selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl or isobutyl are preferred.
- the hydrocarbon groups on the cation must be large enough to ensure good solubility of the alkylating reagent in the organic solvent. According to the invention, particular preference is given to using N (butyl) + -Cl ⁇ , N (butyl) 4 + -HS0 4 " , but also N (methyl) 4 + -Cl " .
- the reaction mixture can be worked up by isolating the still protected end product and subsequent customary removal of the protective group to give the end product of the general formula I.
- the procedure for removing the protective group and for regenerating the acid, amino, hydroxyl or thiol group is well known to the person skilled in the art.
- the acid is usually regenerated by alkaline hydrolysis.
- the residue is now in a new solvent, e.g. As methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, isopropanol, butanol or dioxane added.
- An aqueous solution of a base is then added and the alkaline hydrolysis is carried out at temperatures of 0-100 ° C.
- Hydroxyl protective groups (in L) include, for example, benzyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, 4-nitrobenzyl, trityl, diphenylmethyl, trimethylsilyl, dimethyl-tert-butylsilyl or diphenyl-tert-butylsilyl groups.
- the hydroxy groups can also e.g. as THP ether, ⁇ -alkoxyethyl ether, MEM ether or as ester with aromatic or aliphatic carboxylic acids, e.g. Acetic acid or benzoic acid.
- the hydroxy groups can also be in the form of ketals with e.g. B. acetone, acetaldehyde, cyclohexanone or benzaldehyde.
- the hydroxy protecting groups can be according to the literature methods known to those skilled in the art, e.g. B.
- the NH 2 groups can be protected and uncovered in a variety of ways.
- the N-trifluoroacetyl derivative is replaced by potassium or sodium carbonate in water [H. Newman, J. Org. Chem., 30: 287 (1965), ' MA Schwartz et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc, 95 G12 (1973)] or simply cleaved by ammonia solution [M. Imazama et al. F. Eckstein, J. Org. Chem., 44: 2039 (1979)].
- the tert-butyloxycarbonyl derivative is also easy to split: stirring with trifluoroacetic acid is sufficient [BF Lundt et al., J. Org.
- 9-Fluorenylmethyl carbamate is particularly easy to cleave: Cleavage takes place with amines such as piperidine, morpholine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, but also with tetrabutylammonium fluoride [L. A. Corpino et al. , J. Org. Chem., 55: 1673 (1990); M. Ueki u. M. Ame iya, Tetrahedron Lett. , 28: 6617 (1987)].
- the solvent is evaporated from the hydrolysis reaction and the residue is taken up in an aprotic solvent.
- the pH is adjusted to about 2-4 by acidification with an aqueous acid solution and then the organic phase is separated off.
- the perbenzylated 1-O-glycoside can now be obtained by crystallization or chromatography.
- the compounds of general formula I obtained can also be converted into their salts in a conventional manner.
- the yields of the compounds of the general formula I which can be achieved by the process according to the invention are good. They are for known connections, where one Comparison with the prior art is possible via the yields of the prior art. For example, for 1-O-acetic acid from perbenzylated glucose, a total yield of 59% in Angew. Chem. 1998, 110 (24), p. 3634 using the process mentioned there, while according to the invention the yield for this compound over two stages is 82% (cf. Example 7 of the present application). The preparation of the compound of Example 12 of the present application is also described in this publication. While the yield of this compound according to the invention is 78% over 2 stages, only 45% is achieved with the process described in the publication.
- the process according to the invention also has the advantage that it starts from inexpensive starting materials, enables a scale-up of the process and allows easy isolation of the end products.
- the raw materials are commodities or readily available from pre-sales stages.
- the Tetra-2, 3, 4, 6-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranose is available from Fluka AG, Buchs, Switzerland. At Fluka, methyl-D-manno-pyranoside and methyl-D-galactopyranoside are also catalog items. By benzylation and cleavage of the glycoside, 2, 3, 4, 6-tetra-O-benzyl-D-mannose or galactose can be obtained.
- perbenzyl-1-OH derivatives of pentoses ribose, arabinose
- hexoses and deoxyhexoses rhamnose, fucose
- pentoses ribose, arabinose
- hexoses hexoses
- deoxyhexoses rhamnose, fucose
- the compounds prepared according to the invention are valuable intermediates in synthetic chemistry. For example, they can be used to build carbohydrate dendrimers Synthesis of NMR contrast agents and for the introduction of sugar residues in pharmaceuticals.
- the residue is taken up in 500 ml of ethanol / 50 ml of water. 60 ml of 50% aqu. Sodium hydroxide solution and boiled under reflux for 4 hours. It is cooled to 0 ° C, with 10% aqu. Hydrochloric acid to pH 8 and then distilled off the solvent (vacuum).
- the residue is taken up in 300 ml of water, 500 ml of ethyl acetate and the pH of the aqueous phase is adjusted to pH 2 (10% aqueous hydrochloric acid) with stirring. The organic phase is separated off, the aqueous phase is extracted again with 200 ml of ethyl acetate.
- the solvent of the combined organic phases is washed with water, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered off and distilled off in vacuo.
- the residue is taken up in 500 ml of ethanol. 40 ml of 50% are added. aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and boiled under reflux for 0.5 hours cooled to 0 ° C, with 10% aqu. Hydrochloric acid to pH 8 and then distilled off the solvent (vacuum).
- the residue is taken up in 300 ml of water, 500 ml of ethyl acetate and the pH of the aqueous phase is adjusted to pH 2 (10% aqueous hydrochloric acid) with stirring.
- the solvent of the combined organic phases is dried over sodium sulfate, filtered off with a drying agent and distilled off in vacuo.
- the residue is taken up in 500 ml of ethanol. 40 ml of 50% strength aqu Sodium hydroxide solution and boiled under reflux for 0.5 hours, the mixture was cooled to 0 ° C., adjusted to pH 8 with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid and then the solvent was distilled off (vacuum), and the residue was taken in 300 ml of water, 500 ml of ethyl acetate and, while stirring, adjust the pH of the aqueous phase to pH 2 (10% aqueous hydrochloric acid).
- aqueous phase is extracted twice with 200 ml of methyl tert-butyl ether and the solvent of the combined organic phases is dried over sodium sulfate, filtered off from the drying agent and distilled off in vacuo and the residue is taken up in 500 ml of ethanol % aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and boiled under reflux for 0.5 hours, the mixture was cooled to 0 ° C., adjusted to pH 8 with 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid and then the solvent was distilled off (vacuum) Water, 500 ml of ethyl acetate and, while stirring, adjust the pH of the aqueous phase to pH 2 (10% aqueous hydrochloric acid), the organic phase is separated off, the aqueous phase is still extracted once with 200 ml of ethyl acetate.
- a mixture of 500.0 g (924.2 mmol) 2, 3, 4, 6-tetra-O-benzylmannopyranose and 50.00 g (147.1 mmol) tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate in 2500 ml diethoxymethane is brought to a temperature of 0 ° C cooled. 121.77 g (217.0 mmol) of finely powdered potassium hydroxide are then added and stirring is continued for 10 minutes. At a temperature between 0 ° and 5 ° C., 180.39 g (1608 mmol) of tert-butyl bromoacetic acid are added dropwise with vigorous stirring over the course of 30 minutes. And stir for two hours at 0 ° C.
- the residue is extracted 3 times with 500 ml of hexane.
- the aqueous phase is mixed with 500 ml of MTB and adjusted to pH 2 with vigorous stirring with 37% hydrochloric acid.
- the aqueous phase is then extracted twice with 1000 ml MTB.
- the organic phases are combined, dried and evaporated to dryness on a rotary evaporator at a bath temperature of 50 ° C. and a pressure of 70 mbar.
- the residue is chromatographed on 1000 g of silica gel 60 (grain size 40-63 ⁇ m). 2700 ml of n-hexane, 5400 ml of dichloromethane and 1500 ml of methanol are used as eluents.
- the product-containing fractions are combined and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Yield:
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK02727608T DK1397376T3 (da) | 2001-06-19 | 2002-06-03 | Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af perbenzylerede 1-0-glycosider |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10129888 | 2001-06-19 | ||
| DE10129888A DE10129888C2 (de) | 2001-06-19 | 2001-06-19 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von perbenzylierten 1-O-Glycosiden |
| PCT/EP2002/006070 WO2002102816A1 (de) | 2001-06-19 | 2002-06-03 | Verfahren zur herstellung von perbenzylierten 1-o-glycosiden |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1397376A1 true EP1397376A1 (de) | 2004-03-17 |
| EP1397376B1 EP1397376B1 (de) | 2005-05-04 |
Family
ID=7688921
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02727608A Expired - Lifetime EP1397376B1 (de) | 2001-06-19 | 2002-06-03 | Verfahren zur herstellung von perbenzylierten 1-o-glycosiden |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6908989B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1397376B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2004534805A (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE294808T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10129888C2 (de) |
| DK (1) | DK1397376T3 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2242021T3 (de) |
| PT (1) | PT1397376E (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2002102816A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU1122897A (en) * | 1995-11-13 | 1997-06-05 | Glycomed Incorporated | Novel oligosaccharide glycosides having mammalian immunosuppressive and tolerogenic properties |
| JP3816570B2 (ja) * | 1996-02-16 | 2006-08-30 | 塩水港精糖株式会社 | アシル化剤 |
| DE10013328C2 (de) * | 2000-03-10 | 2002-12-19 | Schering Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von perbenzylierten 1-O-Glycosiden |
| US6545135B2 (en) * | 2000-03-10 | 2003-04-08 | Schering Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the production of perbenzylated 1-O-glycosides |
-
2001
- 2001-06-19 DE DE10129888A patent/DE10129888C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-06-03 EP EP02727608A patent/EP1397376B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-03 JP JP2003506288A patent/JP2004534805A/ja active Pending
- 2002-06-03 PT PT02727608T patent/PT1397376E/pt unknown
- 2002-06-03 DE DE50203012T patent/DE50203012D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-06-03 WO PCT/EP2002/006070 patent/WO2002102816A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2002-06-03 ES ES02727608T patent/ES2242021T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-06-03 AT AT02727608T patent/ATE294808T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-06-03 DK DK02727608T patent/DK1397376T3/da active
- 2002-06-19 US US10/174,508 patent/US6908989B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO02102816A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20030055242A1 (en) | 2003-03-20 |
| DK1397376T3 (da) | 2005-08-22 |
| JP2004534805A (ja) | 2004-11-18 |
| ATE294808T1 (de) | 2005-05-15 |
| PT1397376E (pt) | 2005-09-30 |
| DE10129888A1 (de) | 2003-01-09 |
| DE10129888C2 (de) | 2003-10-16 |
| DE50203012D1 (de) | 2005-06-09 |
| EP1397376B1 (de) | 2005-05-04 |
| ES2242021T3 (es) | 2005-11-01 |
| WO2002102816A1 (de) | 2002-12-27 |
| US6908989B2 (en) | 2005-06-21 |
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