EP1395745A1 - Kraftstoffinjektor mit düsennadeldämpfung - Google Patents
Kraftstoffinjektor mit düsennadeldämpfungInfo
- Publication number
- EP1395745A1 EP1395745A1 EP02745091A EP02745091A EP1395745A1 EP 1395745 A1 EP1395745 A1 EP 1395745A1 EP 02745091 A EP02745091 A EP 02745091A EP 02745091 A EP02745091 A EP 02745091A EP 1395745 A1 EP1395745 A1 EP 1395745A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle needle
- injector
- nozzle
- injector according
- control
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 39
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 39
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
- F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
- F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
- F02M61/042—The valves being provided with fuel passages
Definitions
- high-pressure injection systems which comprise a high-pressure accumulation chamber (common rail), via which the individual injectors are supplied with fuel for injecting fuel into the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine.
- the start of injection and the injection quantity are set with the electrically controllable fuel injector.
- the injectors can be fastened in the cylinder head part of the internal combustion engine with the aid of clamping claws and can be equipped with either seat hole or blind hole injection nozzles. With the fuel injectors, the course of the injection can be shaped and adapted to the course of the combustion in the combustion chamber.
- the accuracy of the injection duration and the amount of fuel injected into the combustion chamber is, among other things, determined by the nozzle needle opening or closing speed.
- the fuel injectors still have to inject at relatively low pressures of approx. 250 bar, compared to the system pressure of approx. 1300 bar, on the other hand, with the fuel injectors, the smallest pilot injection quantities of approx. 0.5 to 1.0 mm / stroke at the highest pressures of approx. 1600 bar can be displayed.
- These requirements for the fuel injectors represent the conditions under which the nozzle needle opens and closes the injection opening on the combustion chamber. So far, the opening characteristics of the nozzle needle of the fuel injector and the nozzle needle speed have been set by an appropriate design of inlet and outlet throttles.
- the outlet throttle In order to achieve the lowest opening pressures, the outlet throttle should be selected as large as possible, while the outlet throttle should be designed as small as possible to achieve the smallest pre-injection quantities at the highest pressures.
- the aim of every injector design is therefore that the two requirements described can be taken into account.
- a fuel injection valve is known from DE 199 30 832 AI. This is used in particular in diesel engines for the injection of fuel, in particular diesel fuel, the diesel fuel reaching the fuel injection valve through a fuel inlet.
- This comprises a valve member which is axially displaceable in a guide bore of a valve body against the force of a closing spring and which opens at least one spray hole in the valve body during the opening stroke, through which the fuel can be injected into the combustion chamber.
- a damping volume counteracting the damping stroke of the valve member is connected to the fuel supply via a throttle.
- the solution proposed according to the invention enables nozzle needle damping, which is only effective when the nozzle needle is opened at the nozzle seat and which essentially permits two opening speeds of the nozzle.
- the solution proposed according to the invention ensures that the nozzle initially opens at a high opening speed within a forward stroke, the stroke distance covered within the preliminary stroke being presettable.
- the covering of a control edge of the nozzle needle or of the nozzle needle head creates a leakage gap with a housing part surrounding the nozzle needle, so that the damping volume absorbed in a spring chamber within the injector body has a damping effect on the opening speed of the nozzle needle and the latter Damping opening speed within a partial stroke of the total stroke, ie reduced.
- the opening characteristic which is essentially characterized by two different opening speeds of the nozzle needle in the housing of the fuel injector, the closing behavior of the nozzle needle is not affected. Because of the reduced speed, the integral under the nozzle needle curve with a constant length of the control signal is significantly lower than without nozzle needle damping.
- the damping of the nozzle needle proposed according to the invention permits an insensitive design of the outlet or inlet throttles from or to the control chamber of the nozzle needle in the housing of the fuel injector.
- the discharge throttle can be designed much larger than before.
- the main parameters for the pre-injection quantity are the pre-stroke and leakage gap sizes.
- a larger discharge throttle enables uncritical opening behavior at a low pressure level in the high-pressure accumulation chamber (common rail). This in turn leads to small copy controls in the series production of high-pressure injection systems.
- FIG. 1 shows the hydraulic circuit diagram of an injector designed according to the invention for injecting fuel
- FIG. 2 shows an injector in longitudinal section
- FIG. 2.1 an injector needle bearing on the injector side
- FIG. 2.2 shows an illustration of a detail according to FIG. 2.1 on an enlarged scale
- FIG. 2.3 the leakage gap which arises at the upper needle needle bearing
- FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment variant of an injector needle bearing on the injector side
- Figure 3.1 the emerging leakage gap and Figure 4 shows the course of the nozzle needle opening speed with and without damping a control cycle.
- FIG 1 shows the hydraulic circuit diagram of an injector designed according to the invention for injecting fuel into the combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine.
- a high-pressure line extends in the direction of an injection nozzle 2 of the injector for injecting fuel into the combustion chambers of a combustion engine. Branching off from the high-pressure line extending between the high-pressure collection chamber 1 and the injection nozzle 2, an inlet throttle 3 is provided, via which a control chamber 4 is subjected to fuel under high pressure.
- the control chamber 4 is delimited on the one hand by a boundary wall 5 of the injector housing (not shown here); on the other hand, the control chamber 4 which can be subjected to high pressure fuel is actuated by a nozzle needle 6, i.e. the front cone 7 limited.
- a pressure relief of the control chamber 4 takes place via a control edge 8 schematically indicated here and a resulting leakage oil gap which assumes a variable size and an outlet throttle 9 which is arranged downstream of the control edge 8 with a resulting leakage oil gap in the injector housing.
- the control chamber 4, which is under high pressure fuel, is activated, for example, by a solenoid valve 10, which can assume a closed position 10.1 and an open position 10.2. If the solenoid valve is switched to its open position 10.2, the control chamber 4, which is pressurized with high pressure fuel, is connected to a leakage oil drain 11, so that the control volume can flow to the fuel reservoir of the fuel injection system.
- a piezo actuator or a magnetic-hydraulic actuator can also be used to relieve the pressure in the control chamber.
- an injector consisting of several components for injecting fuel into the combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine is shown in longitudinal section.
- An inlet bore 21 extends through an injector body 20 and, in the area of the nozzle needle 6 of the injector, extends into a nozzle hole 6 in the area of a pressure stage u.
- the nozzle chamber 25 opens.
- the nozzle needle 6 extends from the nozzle chamber 25 to the nozzle needle tip 26 which, depending on the vertical stroke movement of the nozzle needle 6 in the injector housing 20, opens or closes an injection opening 27 in the region of an injection cone. Via the injection opening 27 of the injection nozzle 2, a fuel volume determined by the opening or closing movement of the nozzle needle 6 enters the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine in accordance with the progress of the combustion.
- a nozzle needle pin 24 is formed on the nozzle needle 6, which is surrounded by a spring element. Below the nozzle needle pin 24 of the nozzle needle 6, a bore extends through part of the injector housing, which receives the outlet throttle 9 and opens into the leakage oil outlet " ßq 1.
- the area of the nozzle needle head of the injector as shown in FIG. 2 is shown in greater detail from the illustration in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 2.1 which shows the detail Z according to FIG. 2, shows that the injector body 20 is constructed in several parts and is penetrated by a high-pressure bore 21 in the direction of the nozzle chamber 25, which is not shown in FIG. 2.1.
- the pressure chamber 4 in the interior of the injector body 20 is connected to the control chamber 4 via the high-pressure bore 21.
- a closing spring element 45 is accommodated in the interior of the control chamber 4, which can be configured, for example, as a spiral spring.
- the closing element 45 is supported on the one hand on a nozzle needle head 34 of the nozzle needle 6 and on the other hand on a shim 23 accommodated in the control chamber 4.
- the closing element 45 which is preferably designed as a spiral spring, is penetrated by the nozzle needle pin 24 of the nozzle needle 6; the total stroke distance that the nozzle needle 6 executes when the pressure in the control chamber 4 is relieved of the pressure is designated by reference numeral 29.
- the closing element 45 received in the control chamber 4 of the injector body 20 is supported on the head region 34 of the nozzle needle 6.
- the head region 34 of the nozzle needle 6 in the embodiment variant as shown in FIG. 2.1 is formed into a nozzle needle head diameter 36 which exceeds the diameter of the nozzle needle 6.
- Open areas 35 are formed on the circumference of the nozzle needle head 34 and are delimited by a control edge 28 extending in the axial direction towards the nozzle needle tip 26.
- a plurality of free areas 35 can be formed on the circumference of the nozzle needle head 34, for example three free areas 35 which are formed offset from one another by 120 ° on the circumference of the nozzle needle head 34.
- the nozzle needle 6 is set so that the respective control edges 28 of the free surfaces 35 above a control edge on the housing side in the injection door housing 20 stand. This position corresponds to the closed position of the nozzle needle 6, the nozzle needle tip 26 is placed in the nozzle seat, so that the nozzle needle can still travel 29 the entire stroke.
- Figure 2.2 shows an illustration of a detail according to Figure 2.1 on an enlarged scale.
- the nozzle needle 6 At the first moment the nozzle needle 6 is opened, the nozzle needle and the nozzle needle head 34 attached to it perform a lifting movement in the direction of the compensating disk 23 provided in the control chamber 4 until the control edge 28 covers the edge formed on the housing side in the injector housing 20.
- the leakage gap between the nozzle needle 6 and the injector body 20 is therefore not in use and the nozzle needle 6 can open unhindered. Only after the forward stroke 31 has been completed does the control edge 28 project above the shoulder provided on the injector body 20.
- the representation according to FIG. 2.3 shows the leakage gap which forms when the nozzle needle is moved further.
- the nozzle needle 6 with the nozzle needle head 34 formed in the nozzle needle head diameter 36 has moved into an upper stop 32.
- the energy accumulator 45 which acts on the end face of the nozzle needle head 34, is compressed in accordance with the overall stroke 29 - see illustration in FIG. 2.1.
- the control edge 28 delimiting the free area 35 on the nozzle needle head 34 has covered the corresponding control edge formed on the injector body 20 in a length determining the length of a leakage gap 33.
- the speed of the nozzle needle 6 in the opening direction is now braked considerably by the volume present in the control chamber 4, as a result of which the nozzle needle 6 is subjected to a reduced speed as it moves upward until it has reached the upper stop.
- the integral under the nozzle needle curve is substantially lower than with no nozzle damping given a constant length of the control signal. This means that significantly lower injection quantities can be produced without disregarding the basic design parameters such as minimum opening pressure and the smallest pre-injection quantities.
- a different number of free areas 35 can be formed on the nozzle needle 6 in the region of the nozzle needle head 34, terminated by a control edge 28.
- FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the nozzle needle damping provided on the injector side.
- the head region of the nozzle needle 6, as shown in FIG. 3, is designed as a head region 38 which is formed in the diameter 37 corresponding to the nozzle needle 6.
- the integrated nozzle needle head 38 of the nozzle needle 6 according to the illustration in FIG. 3 forms a contact surface for a closing element 45, which is preferably designed as a spiral spring, while the opposite end face of the closing element 45 bears against a compensating disk 23 let into the control chamber 4 of the injector body 20.
- the control chamber 4, in which the closing element 45 is accommodated is to be pressurized by an inlet throttle 3 via the inlet bore 21, which passes through the injector body 20 essentially parallel to the nozzle needle 6.
- inflow surfaces 39 are formed on the embodiment variant of the nozzle needle 6 according to the illustration in FIG. 3 on the integrated head region 38 of the nozzle needle.
- the inflow surfaces 39 can be provided, for example, offset by 180 ° on the circumference of the integrated head region 38 of the nozzle needle 6.
- free areas 35 are accommodated on the circumference of the nozzle needle, each of which is delimited by a control edge 28.
- three free surfaces 35 can be accommodated on the nozzle needle 6, offset by 120 ° relative to one another, which are each delimited by a control edge 28 on the nozzle needle 6.
- the closing element 45 - preferably configured as a spiral spring - is supported on the outside by the boundary wall of the control chamber 4 and by a nozzle needle pin 24 provided on the nozzle needle 6, so that no kinking can occur.
- Figure 3.1 shows the formation of a leakage gap 33 during the ascending movement of the nozzle needle 6 in a pressure-relieved control room.
- the nozzle needle 6 is first opened in the direction of the control chamber 4.
- the free surfaces 35 and the control edges 28 delimiting them move in the direction of a control edge provided on the housing side in the injector body 20.
- the control edge 28 and the control edge provided on the housing side in the injector body 20 do not lie one above the other, an unimpeded outflow of the fuel via the inflow surface 39 and the free surfaces 35 via the annular outlet channel 40 in the direction of the outlet throttle 9 and further into the leakage oil outlet 11 (not shown here).
- the opening of the nozzle needle 6 takes place at a first undamped opening speed. If the control needle 28 covers the control edge 28 provided on the injector body 20 when the nozzle needle 6 moves further into the control chamber 4, the opening speed of the nozzle needle 6 is considerably slowed down by the control volume locked in the control chamber 4, so that the nozzle needle 6 moves further according to its total stroke 29 moved at a reduced speed to its upper stop.
- the flow restrictor 9 can, according to the proposed invention, be designed to be substantially larger than previously, since the pre-injection quantities which can be represented with the injector configured according to the invention are set primarily by means of the sizes 2 to 31 and the leakage gap 33.
- a larger dimensioned flow restrictor 9 enables a less critical opening behavior at low pressures in the high-pressure collecting chamber 1; in particular, this enables a smaller number of copies to be scattered in large series.
- the stroke profile 41 of the nozzle needle 6 is designated by reference number 41, while the entire duration of a control cycle is identified by reference number 42. If the nozzle needle 6 opens in the direction of the compensating disk 3 accommodated in the control chamber 4 against the action of the closing spring element 45 and moves it open in accordance with the preliminary stroke path 31, a higher nozzle needle opening speed can be achieved. If, contrary to the damping effect of the control volume received in the control chamber 4, braking, ie damping of the nozzle needle opening movement from its nozzle seat in the region of the nozzle needle tip 26 on the nozzle clamping nut 22, the nozzle needle 6 opens in accordance with the course of the curve 44.
- a nozzle needle opening characteristic is without damping by the Course of the curve 43 reproduced.
- the longer stroke distance that a nozzle needle would take without damping through a locked control volume can be clearly seen.
- a nozzle needle movement damping according to the curve 44 proposed according to the invention significantly smaller injection quantities can be realized, so that both the requirement of the smallest pre-injection quantities of approximately 0.5 to 1.0 mm 3 / stroke of the nozzle needle at the highest pressures of approximately 1600 bar as even injections at the lowest pressures of approx. 250 bar can be taken into account.
- the closing behavior can be completely decoupled from this design characteristic, so that, with regard to the opening of the nozzle needle 6, the smallest opening pressures are reached and also at the highest pressures, the steepness of quantity of the fuel quantity to be injected into the combustion chamber of a combustion engine can be considerably reduced and, in particular, small pilot injection quantities can be realized in an advantageous manner.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10126370A DE10126370A1 (de) | 2001-05-30 | 2001-05-30 | Kraftstoffinjektor mit Düsennadeldämpfung |
| DE10126370 | 2001-05-30 | ||
| PCT/DE2002/001931 WO2002097258A1 (de) | 2001-05-30 | 2002-05-25 | Kraftstoffinjektor mit düsennadeldämpfung |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1395745A1 true EP1395745A1 (de) | 2004-03-10 |
| EP1395745B1 EP1395745B1 (de) | 2005-02-16 |
Family
ID=7686663
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02745091A Expired - Lifetime EP1395745B1 (de) | 2001-05-30 | 2002-05-25 | Kraftstoffinjektor mit düsennadeldämpfung |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1395745B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2004519622A (de) |
| BR (1) | BR0205438A (de) |
| DE (2) | DE10126370A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2002097258A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060196974A1 (en) * | 2005-03-01 | 2006-09-07 | Caterpillar Inc. | Fuel injector having a gradually restricted drain passageway |
| ATE546636T1 (de) | 2009-08-26 | 2012-03-15 | Delphi Tech Holding Sarl | Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse |
| DE102013006419A1 (de) * | 2013-04-15 | 2014-10-16 | L'orange Gmbh | Kraftstoffiniektor |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1250900B (it) * | 1991-12-24 | 1995-04-21 | Elasis Sistema Ricerca Fiat | Valvola di iniezione del combustibile a comando elettromagnetico. |
| GB9508623D0 (en) * | 1995-04-28 | 1995-06-14 | Lucas Ind Plc | "Fuel injection nozzle" |
| JP3700981B2 (ja) * | 1995-08-29 | 2005-09-28 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | 蓄圧式燃料噴射装置 |
| JPH1182221A (ja) * | 1997-09-05 | 1999-03-26 | Denso Corp | 内燃機関用の燃料噴射装置 |
| DE19917190A1 (de) * | 1999-04-16 | 2000-10-26 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Kraftstoffinjektor für eine Brennkraftmaschine |
| DE19930832A1 (de) | 1999-07-03 | 2001-01-11 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Kraftstoffeinspritzventil |
-
2001
- 2001-05-30 DE DE10126370A patent/DE10126370A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2002
- 2002-05-25 JP JP2003500405A patent/JP2004519622A/ja active Pending
- 2002-05-25 DE DE50202284T patent/DE50202284D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-25 WO PCT/DE2002/001931 patent/WO2002097258A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2002-05-25 BR BR0205438-8A patent/BR0205438A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-05-25 EP EP02745091A patent/EP1395745B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO02097258A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1395745B1 (de) | 2005-02-16 |
| DE10126370A1 (de) | 2002-12-19 |
| JP2004519622A (ja) | 2004-07-02 |
| DE50202284D1 (de) | 2005-03-24 |
| WO2002097258A1 (de) | 2002-12-05 |
| BR0205438A (pt) | 2003-07-01 |
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