Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
  • B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
  • B27K3/32—Mixtures of different inorganic impregnating agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
  • A01N59/14—Boron; Compounds thereof
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
  • B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
  • B27K3/163—Compounds of boron
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
  • B27K3/52—Impregnating agents containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
  • C09K21/02—Inorganic materials

Definitions

• This invention relates to a process for improved wood preservation by the synthesis and use of a non-toxic, environmentally friendly aqueous composition with increased effectiveness over current technology.
• Wood preservation is the technique of reducing the rate of deterioration of wood by: 1) biological agencies of fungi, insects, marine bares, 2) damaging sun rays and 3) fire. Wood preservation is generally achieved by a chemical treatment. Wood preservation increases the useful life of wood and reduces the cost of frequent replacement. Properly designed wood structures give long service without special protection, but large economic loss may result when wood in its natural state is used at high temperatures, in structures exposed to salt water, or under climate conditions that favor the development of harmful fungi and insects.
• the wood preservatives in general used today are oils, including oil borne and water borne chemicals. Oils are used widely for outdoor use. They do not smell in water but they contribute to staining and painting difficulties. Coal tar creosote alone, or in 5% pentachlorophenol in petroleum oil are used for treatment of products such as ties, posts, poles, pilings and construction timbers. Another common treatment solution is water based and contains copper, chromium and arsenic salts (CCA).
• CCA copper, chromium and arsenic salts
• One aspect of this invention is a process for reducing the rate of deterioration of wood.
• the process comprises contacting wood with an aqueous mixture comprising an alkaline, colloidal composition, of a silicon-containing salt having boron ions incorporated therein for time sufficient to impregnate at least a portion of the wood with the mixture.
• the wood may be contacted by immersing the wood in the aqueous mixture at a pressure above atmospheric pressure in a closed container or may be sprayed or brushed on. Once dried the wood is very resistant to rot, insects, and other environmental insults.
• Another aspect of this invention is an article of manufacture that comprises wood impregnated with a silicon-containing salt, a boron-containing salt, and optionally an aluminum halide.
• the silicon-containing salt is present at a level in the wood of about 1% w/w to about 30% w/w and the boron-containing salt is present at a level in the wood of about 1% w/w to about 30% w/w.
• the aluminum salt will be present at a level less than about 1% w/w.
• Still another aspect of this invention is a colloidal composition that comprises water, an alkali metal hydroxide in a quantity sufficient to bring the pH of the water to at least 10, a silicon-containing salt, a boron-containing salt, optionally aluminum halide, and optionally a preservative.
• a further aspect of this invention is a process for making a composition suitable for reducing the rate of deterioration of wood.
• the process comprises mixing a boron- containing salt with an alkali-metal silicate solution at a pH of at least 10, optionally adding an aluminum halide and a preservative, and mixing to form a uniform colloidal composition being supersaturated with the boron-containing salt.
• Figure 1 is a representation of the believed evolution of the polymer in an electret generator with a step gradient magnetic field with K + ions or the nucleus and stabilized by the K + ion with sequestration of the boron ion and water.
• Figure 2 is a representation of bound water on a typical colloidal particle made by standard activation techniques.
• Figure 3 is a schematic drawing of an electret generator useful for making the composition of the invention.
• Figure 4 is a schematic drawing of an electret generator of Figure 3 demonstrating the three magnetic quadripolar booster generators and other modifications.
• Figure 5 is a representation of a detailed schematic drawing of the magnetic quadripolar generator with its flux fields and gradients.
• Figure 6 is a representation of the sequestration of boron ions by the silica colloid in the composition of the invention.
• Figure 7 is a representation of the pressure treatment apparatus of the invention for treating a variety of wood products. Detailed Description of the Invention
• Wood as used for structures such as houses, decks, fences, marine pilings, utility poles, railroad ties, and the like tends to deteriorate over time due to a multiplicity of environmental insults.
• One aspect of this invention is a process for reducing the rate of deterioration of wood. The process comprises contacting wood with an aqueous, alkaline, colloidal composition of a silicon-containing salt having boron ions incorporated therein for time sufficient to impregnate at least a portion of the wood with the mixture.
• the wood is contacted by immersing the wood in the aqueous mixture at a pressure of above atmospheric pressure for a period of time that is sufficient to ensure at least a portion of the silicon-containing salt and a boron-containing salt is deposited on or within the wood being treated.
• the process is carried out at a pressure of about 125 psi to about 175 psi, and the temperature may be ambient or elevated. The pressure is maintained for a time sufficient to impregnate most of the wood, e.g. about 30 minutes to about 2 hours.
• the wood may be cotreated with aqueous calcium silicate for improved results.
• the pressure is maintained for a period of time dependant on the quantity, the porosity, and the length of wood being treated to impregnate the wood throughout its entire structure.
• the wood is removed from contact with the aqueous composition and dried to provide a product having the silicon-containing salt and the boron-containing salt deposited therein. Drying may be done at ambient or elevated temperatures and pressures.
• the drying may take 30 days or more. It appears that by pressure-treating wood in accordance with the invention, the silicon-containing salt and the boron-containing salt are deposited throughout the wood, resulting in a weight increase that may vary from 20% to 70% increase over the untreated wood. It is thought that the colloidal composition is drawn into the wood, perhaps by capillary action, and the salts are deposited throughout the fibrous structure of the wood. The weight increase will depend on the temperature, pressure, wood porosity, wood size, colloid composition and the like.
• the process is carried out using an alkaline colloidal composition
• an alkaline colloidal composition comprising water made basic to a pH of at least about 10 with an alkali metal hydroxide, a silicon-containing salt, a boron-containing salt, and optionally an aluminum halide.
• the details of the composition will be discussed hereinafter.
• the process of this invention is particularly applicable to immersion of wood within the aqueous composition
• the wood may also be impregnated by contacting through application at ambient pressure and temperature of the aqueous composition to the surface of the wood and allowing it to dry. Such application may be done by application with a brush, pouring the composition onto the wood surface, spraying the composition on, and the like. Once the composition is applied, the wood is dried for a period of time to ensure the impregnation of the wood at the surface is complete.
• Another aspect of this invention is an article of manufacture that comprises wood impregnated with a silicon-containing salt, a boron-containing salt, and optionally an aluminum halide.
• the silicon-containing salt is present in the wood at a level of about 1% w/w to about 30% w/w and the boron-containing salt (e.g. metal borate or boric acid) is present at a level in the wood of about 1% w/w to about 30% w/w, with the aluminum halide present up to about 1% w/w.
• the dry weight of an article of this invention (made by pressure treatment) will be 20% to about 70% greater than comparable untreated wood. If the article is prepared by brushing or spraying, the impregnation is primarily surface, and the weight increase is less, i.e. no more than 10%. The ultimate increase will depend on a number of factors discussed hereinbefore.
• Another aspect of this invention is a colloidal composition that comprises water, an alkali metal hydroxide in a quantity sufficient to bring the pH of the water to at least 10, a silicon-containing salt, a boron-containing salt, optionally an aluminum halide, and optionally a preservative.
• the silicon-containing salt will preferably be silica or sodium silicate, while the boron-containing salt will be borax or boric acid.
• the composition is the combination of an alkali metal hydroxide and a silicon-containing salt, preferably a colloid solution (or suspension), an alkali metal silicate such as sodium or potassium silicate, or silica dissolved in an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide.
• the composition will be an aqueous colloidal suspension.
• colloidal silica A useful description of the properties of colloidal silica can be found in "The Chemistry of Silica” by Ralph K. Her, John Wiley & Sons, N.Y. (1979).
• the alkali metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, particularly the latter. Mixtures of the two are also useful.
• the silicon-containing salt is present at a level of about 2% w/v to about 20% w/v, at least about 4% w/v
• the boron-containing salt e.g., borax
• the composition may include a preservative such as tripotassium citrate present in a stabilizing amount and an aluminum halide, e.g. aluminum trichloride or aluminum trifluoride, present in up to about 1.0% w/v.
• a preservative such as tripotassium citrate present in a stabilizing amount
• an aluminum halide e.g. aluminum trichloride or aluminum trifluoride, present in up to about 1.0% w/v.
• the colloid particles will exhibit a high zeta potential, i.e. about -40 to -75 mV.
• the process for making the composition of this invention involves
• the most plentiful silicon-containing salt occurs in nature as silica and is also known as silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ). It comprises nearly sixty percent of the earth's crust, either in the free form (e.g., sand) or combined with other oxides in the form of silicates. Silica is not known to have any significant toxic effects when ingested in small quantities (as SiO 2 or as a silicate) by humans and is regularly found in drinking water in most public water systems throughout the U.S.
• the preferred composition useful in this invention is an alkaline aqueous silica colloidal composition, which can be referred to as a solution or a colloidal suspension.
• the aqueous composition is prepared by dissolving particulate silica in highly alkaline water which is prepared by dissolving a strong base in water to provide an aqueous solution that is basic (i.e., a pH of more than 7, preferably at least 10).
• the strong base will be sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, preferably the latter.
• a molar quantity of at least 3 will generally be used to prepare the alkaline solution with no more than 4 molar generally being needed. Because the solubility (its ability to form a stable colloidal composition) of silica increases with increasing temperature, it is preferred that the alkaline solution be heated to a temperature above ambient, up to and including the boiling point of the solution.
• egg preserver A well-known solution is known as "egg preserver" which may be prepared by this method and is calculated to contain about 40% by weight of Na 2 Si 3 O 7 (a commonly available dry form of a sodium silicate).
• Na 2 Si 3 O 7 a commonly available dry form of a sodium silicate.
• a standard commercially available sodium silicate is one that is 27% w/v sodium silicate.
• a boron-containing salt e.g. boric acid or a metal borate such as sodium borate, i.e. borax
• a metal borate such as sodium borate, i.e. borax
• borax a metal borate
• an aluminum halide and a preservative may also be added.
• the addition of the source of B ions, a preservative such as tripotassium citrate, and the aluminum halide may be lead to polymerization of the Si(OH) as visualized below:
• the alkaline used could be potassium hydroxide, which provides the K+ ions, along with TPC.
• the colloid of this composition is thought to be more tightly bound and more extensively branched than known colloid systems.
• Figure 2 is representative of the typical double layer of water found on a typical silica colloid particle.
• the boron-containing salt is preferably borax, i.e. sodium borate, also known as sodium biborate and other names, with a formula of Na 2 B 4 O 7 . It is often found as the decahydrate.
• the aqueous composition of this invention is preferably further treated to provide a supersaturated solution of the boron salt.
• the composition is treated to increase the electrostatic charge on the particles.
• it is important to maintain the temperature above ambient to maintain solubility of the salts.
• conduit means (7) The fluid flows through conduit means (7) and exits through holes (8) into conduit means (13), the fluid then flows in the opposite direction, it then exits through holes (9), and reverses direction again through conduit means (14).
• the fluid exits conduit means (14) through orifices (10) into conduit means (15), this fluid enters chamber (11) and exits the generator proper through conduit (12) and is carried back to containment means (5) through conduit (4a) and (4b).
• Figure 4 illustrates the function and location of the magnetic booster units of the generator along with the "off line” chemical mixing containment means (22).
• High velocity prolonged flow through the counter current device of the invention will generate the colloid of the invention because of the counter current charge effect which generates multiple bidirectional magnetic fields which generate on electrostatic charge on the adjacent moving charged colloidal particle moving in the counter current process. If one adds the magnetic booster units of Figure A, the electrostatic charge builds on the colloid much faster.
• valve (17) of conduit (4a) is closed and valve (16) of conduit (18) is opened as well as valve (20) of conduit (19) is opened.
• the chemical containment means (22) is heated with electric heater (21) which is powered by cord (25) and is agitated by paddle (23) via shaft (24) which is rotated by pulley (26) pulled by belt (33) on pulley (27) powered by motor (28).
• the heated fluid with dissolved chemicals is pumped via pump (32) through conduit (19) into conduit (4) and back to containment means (5).
• Upper portion of Figure 5 illustrates a top cross sectional view of the concentric conduits shown in Figure 4.
• a magnetic booster unit e.g., unit A
• magnets are shown arranged in a plane and form vertices of a quadrilateral shape (e.g., a rectangle or square) in that plane. Poles of adjacent magnets are of opposite orientation as indicated by the "+" and "-" signs shown in Figure 5. As shown in the lower portion of Figure 5, this arrangement of the four magnets creates multiple gradients for the magnetic field in the z axis (i.e., component of the magnetic field along axis extending out of the plane shown in the upper portion of Figure 5). Here, measurements are shown for the magnetic field in the z axis along line A-A' that is displaced about an inch above the plane of the magnets.
• Gradients can also exist for the magnetic field in the x axis and y axis (i.e., component of magnetic field along lines A-A' and B-B'). These multiple gradients are responsible for the significant electrostatic charge that can build on the silica colloidal particle as the generator continues to process the aqueous composition.
• the generator shown in Figure A one can produce silica colloidal particles having sizes in the range of about 1 ⁇ m to about 200 ⁇ m, typically in the range of about 1 ⁇ m to about 150 ⁇ m or from about 1 ⁇ m to about 110 ⁇ m.
• the silica colloidal particles may have zeta potentials in the range of about -5 millivolts (mV) to over about -75 mV, and typically in the range of about -30 mV to about -40 to -75 mV.
• a zeta potential represents an electrostatic charge exhibited by a colloidal particle, and a zeta potential of greater magnitude typically corresponds to a more stable colloidal system (e.g., as a result of inter-particle repulsion).
• This example describes a process for making a representative composition of the invention.
• the detailed preparation of the composition may be visualized by referring to Figure 5.
• a starting solution is added to container means (5).
• the solution contains 1,846.2 ml of 26.0% sodium silicate with quantity sufficient of water to bring the volume to 6,500 ml.
• the solution is circulated through the generator with valve (16) and valve (20) closed but with valve (17) open. 500 Grams of KOH granules are slowly added to the solution in the running generator.
• the composition is circulated for 30 minutes at 60° C. 2 Liters of solution flow into containment (22) by opening valve (16) and closing valve (17).
• valve (20) When 2 liters have flowed into containment means (22) valve (20) is opened and 800 grams of tripotassium citrate is slowly added to the solutions in containment means (22) through chemical feeder (29) and stirred with paddle (23) and rod (24) until dissolved. 1000 Gm of borax (sodium tetraborate decahydrate) is added to solution through chemical feed (29). The borax is dissolved by stirring with paddle (21) on shaft (24). The generator runs for 1 hour. A second 1,000 grams of borax is added and circulated until it is dissolved. The temperature is kept at 60° C. The generator is run for 1 hour and a third 1,000 grams of borax is added, stirred and circulated until it is dissolved.
• borax sodium tetraborate decahydrate
• Example 2 This example describes a process of the invention for the pressure treatment of wood.
• lumber to be treated (56) is placed in pressure chamber (54) and sealed with door (55).
• Valves (58) and (64) are closed.
• Valve (68) is opened and vacuum pump (67) is powered through power conduit (19b).
• the vacuum pump (67) is a 26 inch vacuum pump.
• the vacuum pump can be a vacuum pump of any size, such as a 30 inch vacuum pump.
• the vacuum pump (67) is pumped on the chamber (54) to eliminate the gases that are contained within the wood fibers.
• the vacuum eliminates the gases from the ends of the wood.
• the amount of time that the vacuum is required to be maintained on the chamber (54) depends on the quantity, the type, and the length of wood that is being treated. For example, for a small amount of wood the vacuum may be maintained for 15 minutes and for a large amount of wood, or a long piece of wood, the vacuum may be maintained for 45 minutes.
• Valve (58) is then opened and a composition of the invention (e.g. 6% Si0 2 and
• 8%o boron-containing salt for the boron ion is sucked from a containment means (62) and/or a storage means (66) into the chamber (4) and subsequently into the wood.
• the composition travels from the storage means (66) to the containment means (62) through conduit (65).
• the composition travels from the containment means (62) to the chamber (54) through conduits (57) and (60).
• Prior to entering the chamber (54) the composition may be passed through a boiler (59).
• the boiler (59) is any type of heating element that will allow the temperature of the composition to be maintained as it is circulated through the system.
• SILENE® calcium silicate
• V/2% concentration of SILENE
• the wood is treated with the SILENE composition and the composition of the invention.
• the system undergoes a pressure stage.
• liquid pressure is applied to the system.
• the vacuum is pulled, valve (68) is closed, valve (58) is opened, and a liquid pressure pump (P) is turned on.
• P liquid pressure pump
• the liquid pressure is maintained at about 150 pounds per square inch and the temperature is maintained at about 140° F for a period of time between 30 minutes and 2 hours.
• other pressures, other temperatures, and other times may be used.
• a gas pressure is applied to the system.
• the system is circulated under pressure pump (P).
• the pressure is applied by CO 2 container (51) through conduit (53) and valve (69) to the wood chamber (4).
• the composition which is a small particle colloid at high pH, is partially converted to a gel by the CO 2 . This is thought to lower pH at the surface of the wood.
• the pressure is applied to the system for anywhere from about 30 minutes to about 2 hours. The amount of time that the pressure is applied to the system depends on the quantity, the type, and the length of the wood that is being treated.
• the chamber is drained.
• the treated wood is then removed from the chamber (54) and is allowed to dry for a period of about 30 days.
• the formula of the composition may be altered for better penetration.
• Boric acid may be substituted for borax (sodium tetraborate decahydrate) if boric acid is used the amount is 1.22 more by weight than borax.
• Example 3 This composition of the invention is designed to paint or spray on decks or lumber.
• Example 2 5. Add 1000 ml of above solution to a container with constant stirring at pH 11.33 and T 22.2° C. Titrate with HC1 1:3 (use 150 ml HC1 x 150 ml) and slowly add 4 liters of above pressure treatment solution to 4 liters of the present solution (Example 2) and stir. This solution is clear and penetrates wood well.
• Example 4
• the above-described composition (Example 3) of the invention is combined with a wood sealer.
• the wood sealer is a 10% active blend of Silene (calcium silicate) blended with anhydrous alcohol.
• the spray on composition (from Example 3) is applied to the decking and allowed to dry for 3 - 4 hours.
• the wood sealer is then applied to the deck.
• the wood sealer chemically reacts with the decking treatment by reacting with the silica.
• the resultant is treated lumber with a water repellant sealer.
• Another embodiment of the invention is perfected by the synthesis of a saturated solution of 21% borax and 21% Si0 2 .
• the solution is very viscous. It is heated and mixed with fiber of any type and dried under hot roller presses to make a very strong and fire proof sheet of building material. All of the products treated with the invention are fire retardant.
• Southern yellow pine 2" x 4" wood pieces and white oak of similar size was pressure treated according to the invention. The immediate wt gain and wt gain after 1 month is prorated.
• composition that may be used to spray on a wood deck is produced.
• the composition may be produced using the following procedure.
• composition produced using this procedure has silica (probably as sodium silicate) present at a level of about 6% by weight calculated by known weight/volumes and has borax (as boron ions) present at a level of about 4.5% by weight calculated by known weight volumes.
• the composition produced using this procedure has a pH of about 10.
• composition that may be used to spray on a wood deck that has been treated with CCA is produced.
• the composition may be produced using the following procedure. A. Prepare solution A
• Example 9 hi this example of the present invention, a composition that may be used to pressure treat wood is produced. This composition provides a termite resistance to the wood.
• the composition may be produced using the following procedure.
• composition produced using this procedure has silica present at a level of about 8%> by weight calculated by known weight/volumes and a level of borate ion of about 4% by weight calculated by known weight/volumes.
• the composition produced using this procedure has a pH of about 10.5 to about 11.5.
• composition that may be used to pressure treat utility ties such as railroad ties and structural timbers and fence posts used in marine environments is produced.
• the composition may be produced using the following procedure.
• composition produced using this procedure has silica present at a level of about 10% by weight calculated by known weight/volumes and borate ions present at a level of about 10% by weight calculated at known weight/volumes.
• the composition produced by this process has a pH of about 10.5 or higher.
• composition that may be used to pressure treat wood is produced.
• This composition provides a high termite barrier to the wood.
• the composition may be produced using the following procedure.
• composition produced using this procedure has silica present at a level of about 8% by weight calculated by known weight/volumes and a level of borate ions of about 8% by weight calculated by known weight/volumes.
• the composition produced using this procedure has apH of about 10.5 or higher.
• composition that may be sprayed on wood to help protect the wood against termites is produced.
• the composition may be produced using the following procedure.
• composition produced using this procedure has silica present at a level of about 4% by weight calculated by known weight/volumes and a level of borate ions of about 8% by weight calculated by known weight/volumes.
• the composition produced using this procedure has a pH of about 10.2 or higher.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Forests & Forestry (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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